Abstract:

An identification of fault locations on transmission lines is a critical task in the protection of electric power networks. Since the establishment of distribution and transmission systems, it has become one of the essential tasks of grid operators. The ability to quickly identify the exact position of a fault can aid utility technicians in recovering the damaged section and restoring the line in a timely manner. As a result, while fault detection and locating systems have been created in the past, new methods for doing this task are still being developed.Impedance-based locators, which measure the impedance observed by one or both ends of the transmission line, and traveling wave-based locators, which employ various mathematical models and algorithms for fault location detection, are the most prevalent systems. This research proposed a novel mathematical model for detecting fault location in transmission lines. The proposed mathematical model uses reversed traveling waves and a reversely applied Lagrange Interpolation model to estimate the fault location in transmission lines. Furthermore this model was developed and tested in the MATLAB modeling platform. According to the analyzed results, the proposed model achieved an accuracy of more than 93%. Finally, results verified the precision of the proposed mathematical model.
Keyword: Fault Location, Lagrange Interpolation, Traveling Wave, Wavelet Analysis, Mathematical Modeling

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E.G.K.C. Gamage, B.A.U. Dedunu, M. Warushawithana, K.A.C. Udayakumar "Development of Mathematical Model for Fault Location Estimation in Power Transmission Lines" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Artificial air entrainment has been widely used to avoid cavitation damage in spillways where high-velocity flow occurs, and its performance is very important for spillway safety. Due to high head gate, dams are susceptible to cavitation damage, surface deformities, and high velocity. To minimize these effects, air vents (vented to the atmosphere) are installed on the upstream and the downstream side of the gate to limit downstream pressure to something above vapor pressure (i.e., near atmospheric pressure). In the large-dam air demand, analysis has been based on the Froude number of the supercritical flow at the vena contract (located between the gate and the hydraulic jump) and the water flow rate. The primary functions of an air vent are: Reduce or eliminate sub- atmospheric pressure in the conduit during emergency closure or partial-gate operation; Permit drainage of the conduit; and Allow air to escape when the conduit is being filled..
Keyword: (High head gate, Air vent, Cavitation, A)

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Mr. Saurabh Dani, Prof Abhijit Pendse "Air Demand for High Head Gates" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Water is undoubtedly the most vital element among the natural resources. In many developing countries, access to clean and safe water is a crucial. More than a six million people die because of diarrhea. Various methods are used to make water safe and attractive to the consumer. The method employed depends on the character of the raw water. One of the problems with treatment of surface water is the large seasonal variation in turbidity which is caused by polluted water. Commonly used chemicals for various treatment units are synthetic organic and inorganic. The synthetic water sample was prepared by using kaolin clay powder. The initial parameters of the synthetic water were assessed using Turbidity, pH, TDS, Electric conductivity, Total hardness, Alkalinity, DO, BOD and Temperature measured......
Keyword: Natural coagulant, Sapodilla seed powder, Alum, Synthetic water, Kaolin clay powder.

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Kiran H G, Geethapriya P, Kiran H D, Monisha patel, Manjunath H S "Treatment of Water Using Sapodilla Seed as Natural Coagulant" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Heart Diseases are nowadays most common in all age groups leading to severe problems and abnormalities, even fatigue in many cases irrespective of gender and age. Proper and early diagnosis can prevent hazardous consequences of heart abnormalities. Currently due to the Pandemic, it is the need of the hour to come up with techniques that could assess Doctors in diagnosis which, results in appropriate treatment of heart diseases. Paper deals with the classification of echocardiographic images using neural networks. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture feature extraction and shape feature extraction being used to train the Neural Network for classification. Finally, classification of echo images based on extracted features is achieved. These features are used further to detect abnormality: if an abnormality exists whether it is mild, moderate or severe could be further classified.....
Keyword: Neural network, classification, feature extraction, machine learning, GLCM features.

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Ayesha Heena, Dr. Nagashettappa Biradar "Neural Network Based Abnormality Classification of Echocardiographic Images" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The total No. of local bodies is 407 (98 municipal corporation and 309 Nagar panchayat) in Madhya Pradesh. Out of it 16 is Municipal Corporation. Presently most of the local bodies do not have scientific land fill site. Most urban area plagued by acute problems related to solid waste. Due to lack of serious efforts by town/city authorities, garbage and its management has become a tenacious problems and this notwithstanding the fact that the largest part of municipal expenditure is allocated to it. It is not uncommon to find 30-50% of staff and resources being utilized by urban local bodies for these operations Despite this there has been a progressive decline in the standard of services with respect to collection and disposal of municipal solid waste. In many local bodies half of solid waste generated remains unattended giving rise to insanitary conditions especially in densely. Populated slums which in turn results in an increase in morbidity especially due to microbial and parasitic infections and infestations is all regiments of population with the urban slum dweller and the waste handlers being the worst effected..
Keyword: ...

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Varun Singh Bundela, Dr. Arun Patel "MSW Characterisation of Bhopal City of Madhya Pradesh India" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The aim of this experimental work is to implement Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology for the reduction of loading time of auto-car wagons. The experimental work carried out at Jindal Rail Infrastructure Limited, Vadodara, Gujrat, India. Transportation of auto-cars from manufacturing plant to various destinations precisely and timely manner by railway wagons is a challenge for manufacturer and railway department. Loading and unloading of auto-cars to the railway wagons is a complex and time taking activity and it takes around 170 to 200 minutes to full one wagon. After the successful implementation of SMED loading time of auto-cars to the railway wagons has been reduced from 172 minutes and 15 seconds to 124 minutes and 47 seconds i.e. reduction of 50 minutes and 23 seconds. Therefore, it is concluded that modifying the existing practices results in significant reduction in loading time of auto-cars in railway wagons..
Reduction, loading time, Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), Setup Time, Wagon

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Mukesh Shyamkant Desai, Kirti Singh Yadav, S. S. Rathi "Application of Single Minute Exchange of Die for the Reduction of Loading Time of Auto-car in Railway Wagons" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Background: Partial differential equations are equations that consist of a function with multiple unknown variables and their partial derivatives. Method and material: We conducted this research paper by observing the different types of reviews, as well as conducting and evaluating literature review papers. Result: Partial differential equations are equations that consist of a function with multiple unknown variables and their partial derivatives. They are useful in studying various phenomena such as sound, heat, fluid flow, and waves. Conclusions: Partial differential equations will consist of equations that consist of a function with multiple unknown variables and their partial derivatives. There will be no general theory for solving all partial differential equations (PDEs)..
Keyword: Partial Differential, Equations, Derivation, Classification, Application etc

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Manish Gaur, Ashwin Singh Chouhan "Future and Current Scenario on Partial Differential Equations" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this paper, we proposed a test method to measure Jamming Marginin Wi-Fi systems (for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation schemes). In this method, jamming margin will be detected using Packet Error Rate (PER)and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)both taken as reference. To evaluate the jamming margin, Signal generator is used to generate jammer signals to block the signals between Wi-Fi AP and Client. Results shows that the proposed test method can detect jamming margin. Index Terms—Packet error rate, Bit error rate, Jamming margin, RSSI, Jammer to signal ratio, Signal to Noise Ratio..
Keyword: ....

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Bommalapati Malleswari, T.SSwamy, Bhaskara Rao S "White Paper on Jamming Margin in Wi-Fi Systems" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Automated storage and retrieval system (AS / RS) are warehouse system that are used for the storage and retrieval of products in both distribution and production environments. In industries AS / RS systems are the main task that designed for automated storage and retrieval of things in manufacturing where their application vary widely from simple storage and retrieval system for small parts to central systems where production, assembly, and manufacturing operations are concentrically located around them. The selection of storage systems depends upon the available space, weight of the items to be stored, and method of storage operation. The performance of AS / RS will be the result for interaction of many complex and stochastic subsystems. In this report a cost effective single asile AS / RS system has been developed with nine storage locations (3×3). The AS / RS system....
Keyword: Automated Storage, Retrieval System, Warehouse, Cprog Software, Subsystems

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K.Murali Krishna, D.Bhujanga Rao, I.Sravan Kumar, S. Sai Manoj, Roopsandeep Bammidi, D Raghuveer "Development of Automated Storage and Retrieval System for Small Scale Industries" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this research program, high volume ultra-fine fly ash concrete mixes produced with OPC 53 grade cement for higher grade M40, M50 and M60. Initially control mix was produced with 100 % OPC cement. Further 40% of cement content was replaced with ultra-fine fly ash with Alccofine (Metakaolin) and properties were found. The Metakaolin (alccofine) were used in 5, %, 10%, 15% and 20 % to enhance the concrete properties and to reduce cement content for M40, M50 and M60. In such a way overall cement content was reduced up to 60 %. Replacement of cement by UFFA with Metakaolin results in more improved and economical concrete. Results indicated combination of UFFA and Metakaolinreduces the workability of concrete and increased split tensile strength. Maximum split tensile strength 4.60 Mpa is found at 45% UFFA and 5% MK at M50 grade of concrete..
Keyword: Cement, concrete, metakaolin, workability, split tensile strength.

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Batham Geeta, Akhtar Saleem, Rajesh Bhargava "Properties of High Volume. Ultra-Fine Fly Ash modified green concrete" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

To recognise content, services, and applications, network traffic control systems are actively investigating network traffic monitoring. While modern firewalls can decode packets, privacy advocates do not find this to be a desirable feature. As a result, decoding any data from encrypted transmission is a challenging task. Machine learning algorithms have been discovered in previous research that might be utilised to identify apps and services. For traffic detection, high-level characteristics are retrieved from network.....
Keyword: ....

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Rohith H P, Prof. Balapradeep K N "Towards A Robustness Assessment of Deep Learning Based Network Traffic Classification" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper aims to verify the impact of factors related to the operational efficiency in the industry along a supply chain, as well as their relation with the bullwhip effect.To verify the proposal, we used a generic supply chain that was modeled mathematically as a problem of maximum flow to meet the demand. At the same time, we calculated its global reliability through the Reliability Block Diagram method.We compared the results of the reliability of operations and the bullwhip effect dimension and we arrived at a consistent causal relation. Through a correlation of -0.97, we could attest that the higher the reliability along the parts of the chain, the increased bullwhip effect......
Keyword: Maintenance. TPM. RCM. Reliability. Systematic Comparison. Productivity. Literature Review

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Ailson R. S. Picanço, Alessandro L. da Silva, Hebe Morganne C. Ribeiro, Tayany C. de Almeida "THE IMPACT OF THE OPERATING EFFICIENCY ON THE BULLWHIP EFFECT" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

At present scenario, Indian craftsmen are facing challenges to sell their handmade products as they always don't have opportunities to display their products in appropriate market; as they mostly involve to sell their product through traditional way of business for example craft or general fairs. In addition, middle man or NGOs they work as a mediator to sell products of craftsmen. This article states about the design of user interface of an e - commerce portal for selling handmade glass products of India. Designing assisted interactions that helps user to conduct their business smoothly where they will get support to use the e-commerce platform. The designed interface that re-moves the middle man from the picture and the make the vendors self-reliant..
Keyword: Design, E-Commerce, Handmade, Interface, Trustworthiness.

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Rakesh Sah, Anirban Chowdhury, Agam Agarwal "Designing a Digital Space for Indian Craftsmen to Flourish" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In construction industry there is no substitution for concrete and concrete needs potable water. Concrete is 2nd industry to consume more water. In concrete industry, approximately 150 Lt of water is required per cubic meter of concrete mixture. The mixing, water which is fit for drinking purpose is use, but about 97 percent of water is held in the oceans, while only 3% is fresh water. So, the waste water can be used in the construction industry where the large amount of water is used and the freshwater is used for drinking purposes. Waste water collected from car wash center is used as 100 percent substitution while making concrete. Cubes are supposed to be tested against compression, tensile and water absorption test on 7, 14 and 28 days by curing it with water. Three concrete cubes are supposed to be tested during each and every test. So,24 cubes are prepared by using waste water substitution which are willing to be compared with 6 cubes which are prepared by using potable water..
Keyword: Potable water, Construction industry, Waste water, Compression test, tensile test..

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Rooman Ahamed, Thejashwini A K , Swathi M C, Ullas M Gowda, Manjunath H S "Comparative Study of Strength in Concrete Using Potable Water and Waste Water" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to investigate and examine potential approaches for improving empathy among Indian nurses. Empathy is a fundamental ability for nurses to comprehend, assess, and support their patients in a more productive and holistic manner. Virtual reality game simulation has been shown to have an effect on humans, influencing their behavior and emotional characteristics. The significance of VR game has been shown through a case study. Being able to create empathy through VR game simulation can shift the overall experience of the Patient-Nurse relationship to be more compassionate and helpful. To tackle this topic, a design thinking technique was applied..
Keyword: Design Thinking, Empathy, Indian nurses, Game, Virtual reality.

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Srijan Pandey, Manisha Mohan, Anirban Choudhary "Designing a VR Game for Empathy in Indian Nurses" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Water is undoubtedly the most vital element among the natural resources. In many developing countries, access to clean and safe water is a crucial. More than a six million people die because of diarrhea. Various methods are used to make water safe and attractive to the consumer. The method employed depends on the character of the raw water. One of the problems with treatment of surface water is the large seasonal variation in turbidity which is caused by polluted water. Commonly used chemicals for various treatment units are synthetic organic and inorganic. The synthetic water sample was prepared by using kaolin clay powder. The initial parameters of the synthetic water were assessed using pH, TDS, Turbidity, BOD and measured as.
Keyword: natural coagulant, watermelon seed powder, synthetic water, kaolin clay powder

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SHASHANK J S, SIDIQ AHMED SHARIF, SPOORTHI H S, SRIVATSA V, MANJUNATH H S "Treatment Of Water Using Watermelon Seeds As A Natural Coagulant" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Discovered in 1991 by Honeywell (formerly known as Allied Signal), the R-410A was a Hydrofluorocarbon gas that was intended to replace the R-22 gas and eventually did so after the phasing out of R-22 by 1st January 2020 which was the date stipulated by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), after which a bantook place on the manufacture and importation of the gas due to its harmful effects on the ozone layer. The R-410 made its entry into the air conditioning market with the help of giants like Carrier Corporation, Copeland Scroll Compressors, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., and Allied Signal. In 1996, Carrier Corporation introduced the first residential air conditioning unit that was based on R-410A under the trademark of Puron. Eventually, R-410A replaced the R-.....
Keyword: ...

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Dr. Faisal AbdulrahmanAlshaya "Advances of Eco Fluor gas" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this article, migration, invasion and pre-metastatic niche formation are all important events that occurin metastasis of a primary tumorand understanding all aspects of this process is essential toprevent cancer-related deaths, including melanoma. This review explored the significance, causesand treatments of melanoma, and summarized recent publications that highlight the role ofmelanoma-derived exosomes in the progression of the disease.
Keyword: Epigenetic; melanoma; tumor; cytotoxic

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Marjan Ashja, Ali Reza Pishbin "A Review on Epigenetic Therapy and Implications in Cancer Tumor" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

One of the most crucial components in every vehicle is the braking system, which is utilised to slow down the vehicle. It must function effectively for the driver's and passengers' safety. This project involves the design of a braking system for an electric golf cart, as well as the calculations and analysis for it, as well as the design and analysis of the steering knuckle. A hydraulic disc brake system is constructed with four disc rotors for each wheel to stop the car in the shortest distance feasible, as required by the driver.Because this E-vehicle has six seats, weight reduction is a critical factor to consider. As a result, the steering knuckle has been engineered to withstand all forces. In addition, the forces are calculated and the steering knuckle is designed in this article. All four wheels will be equipped with bike rotor discs and callipers. Creo 3.0 was used to design the steering knuckle.
Keyword: xxxxxx

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Mohammed Anas k, Dr.Imran Mokashi, Prof. Kafeel Delvi "Design and Installation of Hydraulic Disc Brake to Trolley" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The mode shape of oscillation associated with a natural period of building is the deformed shape of the building when shaken at the natural period. Hence, a building has as many mode shapes as the number of natural periods. The deformed shape of the building associated with oscillation at the fundamental natural period is termed its first mode shape or fundamental mode shape of the building. In this study, an attempt is done to understand the various parameters which affect the fundamental mode shape of RC building. The parametric study is done as per the provision of Equivalent Static Lateral Force Method; IS1893 (Part-1): 2002. In this present work, a reinforced concrete special moment resisting frame building models are prepared and analyzed.......
Keyword: Equivalent static method, Mode Shape, Infill panel, , Flexural Stiffness

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Harish A. Kadam, Rahulkumar R. Sharma "Parametric Study of Factors Influencing Mode Shape of Oscillation" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) are becoming popular for all type of inversion application. They inherently generates low harmonics, produces output near to sine-wave, low switching losses and zero magnetic interferences. All these features are increasing there wide-spread usage. This paper presents the application of MLI for grid integration of solar energy. The output of solar is not always constant, it depends upon the environmental conditions like solar irradiance. It is very difficult to obtain constant output as well synchronization with the grid from solar. MLI can integrate the solar with the grid effectively and can also regulate the output voltage to compensate for variable irradiance. Also, THD is very low as well as it retains the unity power factor under normal as well as harmonized loading conditions. In this paper cascaded 5-level MLI is presented for grid integration of 2 panels of 1.5KW of rating each for solar.
Keyword: Cascaded 5-level MLI (C-5-L-MLI) Multi-Level Inverter (MLI), Power Electronics Converters, PV-Panel, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

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Ashish Kumar Kurkanji, Rakeshwri Agrawal, Deepak Agrawal "Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter for Grid Integration of Solar System" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper presents a test condition for stability analysis of two machine four bus system to mitigate the condition of contingency using Static Var Compensator (SVC). The contingency condition of single and three phase ground fault is created to study the rotor angle behavior of the system. The system will go-out of synchronization and the condition of voltage instability alert will generate. The stability analysis is carried-out for the six-cycle system fault; hence FACTS controller is installed. Fault is a frequently occurring contingency condition and it creates a sever voltage stability conditions. An SVC which is a static compensator is installed in this work to retain the system stability. Test results are presented and compared for with and without SVC installed. A load flow study is also carried out to analyse the bus voltage and angle for the system buses under the contingency condition.
Keyword: Contingency Analysis, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Power System Stabilizer (PSS), Static Var Compensator (SVC), Voltage Stability.

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Ankur Kumar, Deepak Agrawal, Rakeshwri Agrawal, Alok Kumar "Stability Analysis of Multi-machine Power System Using SVC Under the Condition of Contingency" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In the class of inverters, multi-level topology is best suited since it has capability generated output wave nearest to the sine wave. Multi-level can be designed using numerous inversion topologies. But among all the topologies Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) finds widest range of applications since it has the minimal component requirement and the compact circuit design. As the inversion level increases, the DC-bus requirement also increases in case of CHB. This limits its application for higher voltage levels. This paper presents the modified CHB topology which not only reduces the source requirement for each H-type cascaded circuit of CGB, but also reduces the switch requirements to generate the nine-level voltage output........
Keyword: Multi-Level Inverter (MLI), Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Power System Stabilizer (PSS), Static Var Compensator (SVC), Voltage Stability

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Kripa Suman, Rakeshwri Agrawal, Deepak Agrawal, Alok Kumar "Modified Reduced Count Cascaded Nine-Level Inverter Topology" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

To identify the ownership of a document by its style of writing is a cumbersome task. In the digital era, it is very easy to copy someone's document and publish it with its name. So it is very necessary to identify the fake authorship. Authorship attribution becomes difficult when it is performed manually. However, this process needs automation, when document size becomes large. The primary goal of our study is to analyze the important role of various features, Attribution techniques, and corpus size based on the text document written by different authors in authorship attribution. This paper focuses on the various features, methods, and impact of Corpus size in authorship attribution. In this paper, we mentioned the types of various features, methods of feature selection, and classification methods for authorship attribution (AA). We learned of the importance of data or corpus size, which plays a heuristic role in the choosing of a sufficient amount of features to appropriately recognize the true writer of an undesignated text or piece of document. We also analyzed that by the time features type also changed and new features were introduced that made this task easier.
Keyword: Authorship attribution, corpus size, features, classification

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Urmila Mahor, Aarti Kumar "A Brief Analysis of Authorship Attribution" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The isotopic elements obviously have no location in "the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements". To resolve the ranking location of isotopes' place in the periodic table, to Constructing "Element's Periodic Law of Three-dimensional (solid)" becomes inevitable. The author summarizes the formation and development of the periodic law of chemical elements forms four stages: single→1D→2D→3D..
Keyword: Chemical element periodic table in plane; SNP; DNP; Isotopic center; 3DPeriodic System of Elements

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Zhongsheng Lee "A Briefly Talk on Four Stages of Formation and Development of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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A survey of reliable routing techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is presented. WSN rapidly increases the applications areas, hence, characteristics of WSN require more effective methods for data forwarding and processing. Routing is simply the process of sending the data from the source to destination by discovering the route based on the availability of chain nodes i.e. multi-hop transmission, forms a connection between source and destination. Generally, "reactive routing" creates a route when a source node want to transmit a packet and it will respond to the changes very fast Since reliable reactive routing is mandate in order to achieve the desired energy efficient packet delivery rate and throughput. Here, several reliable reverse routing techniques for wireless sensor networks were compared and analyzed..
Keyword: .....

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G.Sridevi Devasena "Energy Efficient and Reliable Reverse Routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Network-A survey" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In the present work, FEA (Finite Element Analysis) of chosen Aluminum alloyMIG weldingwas carried out to perform thermal distribution analysis and weld bead geometry prediction. A double ellipsoidal heat source model was designed and the thermal analysis was carried out for the chosen AA6061 Aluminum alloyprocess parameters using the Heat Source Fitting (HSF) tool module in Sysweld 15.0 simulation software. The simulated weld bead dimensionsdisplay good agreement with the actual weld bead dimensions with 90% accuracy.Thus, with the modeled heat source the optimization of the process parameters for obtaining the required bead geometry was attainablewith minimal weld trials.
Keyword: Aluminum Alloy, MIG Welding, Finite Element Analysis.

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Vinoth A, Sivasankari R, Krishnamoorthi J "Temperature Distribution and Weld Bead Geometry Analysis in MIG Welded AA6061 Alloy using Finite Element Analysis" Vol. 12 - No. 7 (July 2022), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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