Abstract:

In this paper, under assuming that the container terminal being equipped with twin-40 foot container handling system, we studied the continuous berth allocation problem, as well as quay crane dispatching when the quay cranes between adjacent vessels can transfer during the working period. We established an integer programming model aiming to minimize total time of the vessels staying in container terminal, proposed a new berth allocation algorithm for berths and quay cranes under the situation that the quay cranes can transfer between adjacent vessels. By using the definition of dissatisfaction degree for vessels, we designed a berth allocation algorithm based on twin-40 foot quay crane(T-QC) restrictions and a new quay crane transfer strategy to maximize the work efficiency for vessels. Experiments demonstrated that our algorithms are reasonable, practical and more efficient..
Keyword: Container terminal, twin-40 foot quay crane, berth allocation, quay crane transfer strategy.

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Xin Peng, Zhiying Yang "Study of Continuous Berth Allocation Model and Algorithms in Container Terminal Using New Technology" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In August 2019, the Brazilian coast, especially the north-eastern coast, was contaminated by a dense mass of extra-heavy oil, causing environmental and social disturbances of different orders, with deleterious effects that will have impacts for many decades to come. After exposure in the marine environment by recalcitrant hydrocarbons, the fate of these compounds will depend on certain abiotic factors that may increase the bioavailability of these molecules, favoring the biological transformations of the removal of the contaminant, carried out by competent hydrocarbonoclastic microbes. This work presents a brief history of the greatest accidents at sea involving crude oil spills. Further, we defend a fundamental convergence of photo-oxidation and the metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as natural mechanisms for removing heavy oil..
Keyword: Abiotic loss, Biodegradation, Crude oil spill, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Eduardo Santos da Silva, Luiz Gustavo Pragana, Ulrich Vasconcelos "Photooxidation vs Biodegradation: A Short Review on Fate of Heavy Hydrocarbons after Oil Spill in Sea Water" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper aims to discuss the various methods that can be employed to assist a user in indoor navigation and innovations that can be brought about to existing systems to develop a better navigation infrastructure. We discuss various existing implementations of the shopping system, their advantages and disadvantages and discuss the design of the existing system.
Keyword: e-commerce, indoor navigation, pathfinding, supermarkets, web application

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Mayuresh Joshi, Shashwat Pandya, Jay Kadam, Ichhanshu Jaiswal "A Survey on Supermarket Navigation using Artificial Intelligence" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Aircraft door is an important part of aircraft.To the main opening mode of large passenger aircraft door that requires human strength and contact, presents a motor-driven and automated opening mode of aircraft door.Research was performed aiming at the fact that the traditional aircraft door can only be opened manually . Putting forward an addition of electric control system on aircraft door.The main content of the research is to design a electric control system based on the existing opening mode of C919 aircraft door,and conduct an aircraft opening design on structure,motion,dynamics and control methods
Keyword: Electric door opening, Incomplete gear transmission,Luluo polygon

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Zhou Yiyun, Hang Lubin,Zhang Yi, Zhu Jiaqi, Wu Borui, Peng Jiyou, Peng Renhui, Qu Zhiyang, Zhong Chuanlei "New electric opening function and mechanism design of large passenger aircraft door" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are considered candidates to replace petrochemical-based plastics. Halophilic bacteria have the ability to use carbohydrates as a carbon source and accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates. The research aims to evaluate the production of PHA by halophilic bacteria isolated from the Paramonga area, coded as BH 6, BH 7 and BH 8 in different broths and PHA was extracted. It was determined that BH 7 is the bacterium with the highest yield in the 3 culture media used: nutrient broth, molasses broth plus salts and molasses broth without salts. On the other hand, BH 6 presented a better PHA production, and the 1% molasses broth was the medium that represented the highest efficiency in PHA production. Likewise, PHA production can be carried out with 1% molasses medium + water, since it represents a low-cost alternative.
Keyword: Polyhydroxyalkanoates, halophilic, broth, absorbance.

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Heini Romero, José Melgar Belmont "Polyhydroxyalkanoates production and extraction" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Decreasing of power loss and boosting of voltage profile (VP) in the distribution network (DN) is an important issue in recent times in this paper a systematic approach is introduced to tackle the capacitor placement problem in DN to boost voltage profile (VP) as well as power loss reduction. further consolidated methodology of voltage stability index and the political algorithm is introduced to take care of capacitor position issue in DN. further, the goal of the carried-out technique is to decrease the power loss of DN. Further created approach is tried on 69 and 33 bus system and different cases are considered for examination. Further the results of created technique are compared
Keyword: distribution system, political algorithm, consolidated, voltage profile, power loss..

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Vallapu Mani, Motapalukula Dinesh Varma, Kandikonda Vamshi Krishna, Zubair Khan, Dr. Suresh Kumar Sudabattula "Hybrid Approach to solve Capacitor Allocation problem in Distribution System Using Political Optimizer Algorithm" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper examines some major physico-chemical parameters and microbial quality of a typical community water; in an effort to develop a water treatment system that may provide adequate clean water per day for rural community with no standard facilities. This may also encourage government intervention in communities for provision of water that is safe for drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes for the inhabitants of such community. In this work, the water from Itung Ikot Effanga Mkpa River in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria was taken as a case study. A three system was constructed for this study. The result of treating the water sample at temperature of 27.1 0.57 0C showed that the physico-chemical parameters such as hardness, pH, total solids, turbidity, total dissolved solids, colour, acidity, chloride, alkalinity and microbial parameters such as E.coli and Coliform counts considered were found to be within the limit acceptable by the World Health Organization (WHO) for portable water; when Moringa oleifera seed powder was combined with sand filter and used as a biocoagulant sand filter system.
Keyword: Biocoagulant (Moringa oleifera seed powder), Microbial Quality, Physico-chemical parameters, Sand Filter, Water.

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Ukpong, Cletus, Antia, Orua, Iron, Udeme "Performance Evaluation of a Constructed Biocoagulant Sand Filter System for Water Treatment in Rural Community" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This survey describes the current state-of-the-art in the development of automated visual surveillance systems so as to provide researchers in the field with a summary of progress achieved to date and to identify areas where further research is needed. The ability to recognize objects and humans, to describe their actions and interactions from information acquired by sensors is essential for automated visual surveillance. The increasing need for intelligent visual surveillance in commercial, law enforcement and military applications makes automated visual surveillance systems one of the main current application domains in computer vision. The emphasis of this review is on discussion of the creation of intelligent distributed automated surveillance systems the survey concludes with a discussion of possible future directions.
Keyword: ANN, Object Tracking, Visual Survillence.

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Mr. Ashish S. Awate, Mr. Bhushan R. Nandwalkar "Survey on Video object tracking and segmentation using artificial neural network in surveillance system" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In the medical field, the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crucial factor for management of the disease and providing appropriate treatment, which can be more effective if the disease is detected in as timely a manner as possible. With the recent tremendous revolution in radiology in general and the medical imaging modalities in particular, medical diagnosis has witnessed great progress. However, human interpretation of the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images, regardless of being normal or abnormal, may lead to misclassification of AD, particularly when detected at its early stages. This issue has given rise to the need for an automated detection system for classifying AD. The present research paper proposes an automated system for the early detection of AD based on the effective Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) analysis technique. The proposed system for the early detection of AD....
Keyword: Alzheimer's disease, early detection, risk factors, image processing, GLCM

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W.K.ElSaid "A Proposed System for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Pneumonia causes the death of around 700,000 children every year and affects 7% of the global population. Chest X-rays are primarily used for the diagnosis of this disease. However, even for a trained radiologist, it is a challenging task to examine chest X-rays. There is a need to improve the diagnosis accuracy. In this work, an efficient model for the detection of pneumonia trained on digital chest X-ray images is proposed,....
Keyword: Pneumonia; Chest X-ray Images; Convolution Neural Network (CNN); Deep Learning; Transfer Learning; Computer-aided Diagnostics.

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Kusumadhara S, Nishmitha K, Pavithra S, Pooja H J, Pratheeka A P "A Deep Feature Learning Model for Pneumonia Detection Applying a Combination of MRMR Feature Selection and Machine Learning Technique" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Primary productivity gives information related to the amount of energy available to support bioactivities of system. The present study has been carried out to study the seasonal variation in primary productivity of the Kambe Lake of Bhiwandi city, Maharashtra. The primary productivity was determined by using standard 'Light and Dark bottle' method of Gardener and Gran (1927) [1], in every month for a period of one year (February 2015 to January 2016). The GPP was 0.3115 gC/m3 /hr during Post-Monsoon season which was low, whereas GPP increased during Monsoon season. The NPP varied between 0.17928 gC/m3 /hr to 0.28315 gC/m3 /hr, the maximum value was observed during Pre-Monsoon season and the minimum value was observed during Post-Monsoon season of the study period. The respiration values varied between 0.22652 gC/m3 /hr to 0.45951 gC/m3 /hr with maximum value in Post-Monsoon season and minimum value in Pre-Monsoon season.
Keyword: CR, GPP, Kambe Lake, NPP, Primary productivity, Seasonal variation

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Amte G. K., Shinde P. P., Ansari Gulista, R. "Studies on Seasonal Variation in Primary Productivity of Lake Kambe, Bhiwandi, Dist. Thane, Maharashtra" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

There are two forms of fractures: ductile fractures and brittle fractures. Brittle fracture is the crack development with reduced or no ductile breakage of the particles at the fracture's surface. It is an unacceptable style of fracturing since brittle cracking can escalate to total material breakdown quickly when a pivotal capacity is reached. On the other hand, ductile fracturing requires a plastic distortion of the surface at the fracture end. This also leads to a reliable and comprehensive fracture state in which crack propagation can only arise under increased maximum stress; crack growth ceases when the pressure is decreased. As a consequence of this, a ductile fracture is the favored form of failure for shock-tolerant structures. The fracturing state depends on several variables such as the stress intensity, the shape of loading (static, periodic, strain level), the nature of pre-existing fractures"....
Keyword: .....

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Yousef Khaled Alazmi "Fracture Surface Orientation in Ductile and Brittle Metals" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with acceptable impact on the environment or reused for various purposes. The design of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is a theoretical process and thus lacks methods to test the design and identify its flaws that might show up in the practical design. Dynamic modelling and simulation softwares can help bridge this gap by performing computer-aided simulations of the sewage treatment process. The project aims to demonstrate the use of the software (GPS-X) that can help make this process economical and convenient. The paper then further focuses on upgrading the STP by modifying its components and analyzing it using the GPS-X software
Keyword: GPS-X, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Wastewater Treatment

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Puja C Kadam, Smit S Patil, Soham S Warde, Atmaja V Patil, Shubham S Khatokar "Design and Analysis of STP Using Dynamic Modelling and Simulation Software (GPS-X)" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The visually challenged and blind people face more difficulties in their day to day living. Many people suffer from the blindness, these leads them the need of assistance or guide to move around in a surrounding and also to do their day to day activities .Our project is going to be the assistant for blind people. Human vision has the capability of capturing and storing billions of images in brain and realizing the images by comparing with pre images .We in our project going to do the same thing wetrain the image to AI using CNN algorithm by giving thousands of images as input.So,our AI can detect the images easily .We also classify the images between indoor and outdoor .Our application is easy to use and output will be in the form of audio through google voice..
Keyword: xxxx

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C.Santhosh Kumar, Yasaswini.P, Dr.R.Vijayabhasker, Geetha.B, 5Roja.S "DLWAVIP - Deep Learning Based Web Assistance for Visually Impaired People" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In a conventional car we know that the driving operation needs a combination of operation of accelerator, brake and clutch. A normal person with a normal body can easily drive this car without any hesitation. A person who is disabled (crippled) can not make use of their legs like a normal person and consequently can not drive a car. We have designed an attachment in which a lever is attached in such a way that when pull force is applied ir undergoes acceleration and when push force is applied it undergoes braking operation. A new gear knob is designed which has a push button which when pressed will actuate the servo motor and hence clutch operation will be carried out. A safety feature is added that when brakes are applied, the clutch operation will take place automatically which will be useful in traffic conditions...
Keyword: Attachment for Car, Automatic Clutch, Disability, Hand Operated Car, Handicap Car.

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F. Z. Kagzi, M. G. Makwana, R. A. Makwana, M. H. Bhagat, B. Y.Dubey, Mr. A. H. Shukla "Manufacturing of Hand Operated Car Attachment for Person with Disabilities" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The production of battery technology, as well as electric vehicles (EVs), has recently gained a lot of attention. Despite major advancements in battery technology, current batteries do not fully satisfy the energy demands of EV electricity usage. Non-monotonic energy consumption followed by repeated adjustments during the battery discharging period is one of the major concerns. This is extremely dangerous to the battery's electrochemical operation. Combining the battery with a supercapacitor, which is essentially an electrochemical cell with a similar design but higher rate capability and greater cyclability, is a feasible alternative. The supercapacitor will provide the extra energy needed in this configuration when the....
Keyword: Electrical Vehicles, Super capacitor, Battery, Power storage system, Regenerative braking

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Rohullah Tofan, Dr. Suresh Kumar Sudabattula "Super Capacitor Based Battery Life Improvement In Electric Vehicles" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Traffic light control systems is crucial for smooth flowing junctions in street networks. With more automobiles than ever roaming the streets, the need for simple and fault-proof control of these junctions is mandatory to maintain safe and fast travel. A simple control system integrated with surveillance by the Traffic Department, giving them a clear view and options to change the sequence of the program will achieve our goal..
Keyword: xxxx

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Eng. Msaid Alsaleh, Eng. Ahmad Alenezi "Traffic Light control System design and simulation" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The pavement management system plays a significant role in maintaining the road networks in high performance and excellent conditions to provide high-quality service for users. Pavement monitoring is the main key of the pavement management system; it is also the first step to evaluate the health status of road surfaces. Besides, many investments have been made by transport agencies and governments to develop monitoring techniques to get accurate evaluation results of road surfaces. Furthermore, there are highly competitive among the universal companies to find the most accurate monitoring techniques to be used in the future of pavement management system. On the other hand, economic hardship is a significant factor affecting developing countries' ability to participate.
Keyword: ,,,,

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Abdelsalam Yousef Shtayat "An Alternative Pavement Evaluation System in Jordan" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In major construction works such as building, roads and bridges, it is highly important to make use of concrete for rigidity of the structure. Hence, the design and fabrication of portable concrete mixer is essential at a low cost in which an average man can afford. The portable concrete mixer consists of an electric motor which transmits power via the belt pulley system to the mixing drum. The drum does the major parts with the shaft, and paddles. The efficiency of the designed Portable Concrete Mixer is approximately 95%. It has a capacity of 233.05Kg/m3.Materials used in the fabrication were carefully selected, considering suitability factors and economic consideration.
Keyword: Concrete, Concrete Mixer, design

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ADEDEJI Bukola Peter, Abiola Aderinto, Akano Isaac, Akinrinola Temitayo, Olafimihan Emmanuel "Design and Fabrication of a Portable Concrete Mixer" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Discovered in the 19th century, electrokinetic phenomena has been researched extensively over the past few years. Recently, need for additional land within large cities has led to the reclamation of areas once deemed undesirable and filled with sludge. This has increased the desire to understand the process of electro-osmosis as a method of ground improvement in coastal areas undergoing rapid expansion. Electro-osmosis has several advantages over other methods of ground improvement, some of these include; reduced equipment on the construction site, lack of reliance on particle size of soils, permanent effects etc… However, while electro-osmosis possesses several advantages, it continues to lag in use due to a lack of proper standardised testing as well as large discrepancies between analytical solutions and in-situ results. To enhance the effects and efficiency of electro-osmosis, while lowering electrode corrosion, surcharge was added to electro-kinetic process for one-dimensional, two-dimensional and hexagonal one-dimensional electrode arrangements. Furthermore, a self-made box (60cm*45cm*45cm) with cathode electrodes made of synthetic plastic wrapped with steel wire was incorporated. An spd-3606 DC power supply was used to apply 25V to the soil sample. The desired water content percentage...
Keyword: Electro-osmosis, combined method, electrodes, drainage, deformation

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Taonga J Manda, Yanli Tao, Jian Zhou, Zhanyou Luo, Jia Lu, Kang Chen, Baoping Zou "Investigation of Soil Consolidation for The Combined Technique of Electro-osmosis and Preloading" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this paper, we have come up with an innovative IoT – based solution to maximize COVID-19 safety covering relevant aspects: Face Mask Detection, temperature checking at an affordable cost. The Demand of face mask and checking of body temperature in public areas, led us to bring this system into existence. This system guides the user to find the body temperature without any effort and also restricts the person without face mask to keep the COVID-19 protocols strictly. The laptop camera in front captures the image of a person and stores the in the database for security purposes, the system also consists of a display that guides a user to enter the premises. Arduino Uno based temperature sensing subsystem uses infrared sensor, on the other hand detection of mask is verified by computer vision techniques on camera equipped Raspberry pi.
Keyword: Arduino Uno, keras , LM35, Open cv, Python, Tensor Flow

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Kallam Narasimha Reddy, Koppurothu Tarun, Irfan Ahmad Pindoo "IoT Based Intelligent Face Mask and Body Temperature Detection for COVID-19 Monitoring" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

With integration of disruptive technologies, i.e. AI, IoT, Space colonization, 3D printing, Blockchain, Robotics, Autonomous vehicles, and Virtual reality, sectors such as retail, marketing, corporate, finance, product development and service based all have become vastly influenced by online support systems they offer, reachability and online ratings. Customer feedback has become utmost important for the potential growth. Reviews and feedback help a lot in understanding market trends to attract customers. Owing to volume and diversity of reviews for a product - managing, segregation and prioritization of the feedbacks manually is a very tedious task especially when there are reviews and feedbacks occurring in millions. This generates a potential requirement of management of these reviews and feedbacks in an efficient manner considering commercial aspect attached to it. An autonomous and self-sustained computation is required for managing the task Work presented is an effort to make...
Keyword: Customer review, sentiment analysis, tokens, tweets, batch size

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Pooja Khanna, Sachin Kumar, Darpan Khanna, Pragya "Pr ioritization of Customer Reviews via Efficient Sentiment Analysis Technique" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The requirements of the working and safety norms demonstrate significant need of increased efficiency and improved working conditions in disinfecting spaces. In view of the current pandemic situation, to fight the battle against the deadliest coronavirus present among us and its spread worldwide, a disinfection system is implemented on robotic platform to ensure thorough sanitization of highly frequented and human contact surfaces by disinfecting them with the help of UV-C rays using Raspberry Pi to ensure that no workers life is at risk...
Keyword: disinfection, Raspberry-Pi, robot, surfaces, UV

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Disha Deepu, Aishwarya Mohan, Alisha Dangat, Rasika Dhamale, Sadhana Pai "Robot Prototype for Disinfection of Surfaces" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The scarcity of natural freshwater resources drives research efforts worldwide on developing innovative and energy efficient desalination technologies to fulfill the needs for freshwater. Multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis desalination are the most applied industrial methods for desalination; however, these two methods are energy intensive. With the trend of the world to go green, the method of clathrate (gas) hydrate desalination is attracting more interest as it is believed to be a low energy use method. In this study, carbon dioxide was used as a guest gas in gas hydrate formation experiments enhanced by the addition of SDS and pozzolana powder having main particle size of 6 m as kinetic promoters. Stirring can improve the kinetics of the process by breaking the....
Keyword: Clathrate hydrate, Clathrate Hydrate Desalination, CO2 guest gas, Kinetic promoters, Natural pozzolana, SDS

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Omar Tallab, Mohammed H. Albeirutty, Iqbal Ahmed, Hani A. Abulkhair, Omar A. Bamaga "Effect of Natural Pozzolana and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Clathrate Hydrate Formation Kinetics with CO2 as a Guest-Gas" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Green building design keeps check on full life cycle impacts of the resources that make up the structure. Bio Climatic Design takes into account local climate and environmental conditions to help achieve thermal and visual comfort inside and make the best possible use of solar or wind energy [1]. Focus is given on the renewable resources right from the beginning [2]. Use of sunlight through solar panels and photovoltaic cells is encouraged. Optimized use of green roof and rain gardens to reduce rainwater run-off. Use of packed gravel instead of asphalt or concrete to enhance replenishment of ground water[ 2]. Use of high-efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings and floors. Use of trees in front of windows to produce shade in the summer and maximize solar rays during winter [4]..
Keyword: Bio Climatic Design, Renewable Resources, Solar Panels, Photovoltaic Cells, Rainwater Run-off, Packed Gravel, Asphalt.

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Rajesh Kumar Kaundal, Shashi Prabha "A lead towards Green Energy Building: A futuristic Approach" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Microwave remote sensing overcomes some of the practical difficulties faced with optical remote sensing, specifically during cloud cover. An important advantage is also that the physical characteristics of crops can be measured to certain extent due to the instrument and signal configuration. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image data provide unique possibility of acquiring data in all weather conditions. Several studies have used fully polarimetric data for extracting crop information, but it is limited by swath width. This study aimed to study back scatter response from rice & maize crops in hybrid dual polarimetric Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT)-1 using Fine Resolution Stripmap mode (FRS)-1 data. It also explains the advantage of dual polarized data and the interaction between different crops and land use to different scattering mechanism
Keyword: xxxx

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Deepika Uppala, Ramana Kothapalli Venkata, Vidyavathi Somepalli "The usefulness of dual polarization data to discriminate crops from different scattering mechanisms" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This research aims to carry out a study of the state of the art on the influence of the use of soda-lime glass microparticles as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) on the properties of Portland cement systems. The methodology consisted of making a review of the current state of the art of recent works that approached the use of glass as SCM, in a theoretical or experimental way. As main results, the works show that glass and SCM are promising mainly due to their pozzolanic activity, microfiler effect and mitigation of the Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR), which positively impact its mechanical properties and durability. As a conclusion, it can be seen that the particle size of glass is a fundamental parameter for it to be incorporated efficiently in Portland cement systems, allowing higher levels of substitution of cement for glass, which brings environmental benefits by reducing consumption of cement and the high CO2 emission rates linked to it, and for giving a new destination to the high volume of glass waste that is not recycled.
Keyword: Portland Cement, Pozzolanic Activity, Supplementary Cementitious Material, Waste Glass Powder

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João Victor Freitas Barros Correia, Yuri Sotero Bomfim Fraga, Rosane Maria Pessoa Betânio Oliveira "Use of Soda-lime Glass Microparticles as Supplementary Cementitious Material on the properties of Portland Cement Systems: Review" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The paper describes the implementation of the adaptive fuzzy controller for the automated control system (ACS) for the electric drive of a belt conveyor on the example of program logic controllers SIEMENS S7-1200 series. OPC protocol for the data transfer between the Matlab Simulink simulation package and a program logic controller (PLC) is used. Based on the results of the work a comparative analysis of the obtained transition characteristics is given..
Keyword: belt conveyor, fuzzy logic, proportional-integral-differentiating controller, electric drive, program logic controller, OLE for Process Control (OPC)

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O.M. Mirzoev., I.Z.Serdarova "Belt Conveyor Control System Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithms Based On the Siemens S7 Controllers" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

For consistent and stable operation of power systems the damping of small-frequency oscillations is a must. Newer approaches to system stabilization are made possible because of the advancement of FACTS controllers that boosts both steady state and transient operation. This paper presents work to assess the performance of UPFC supplementary modulation controllers (SMCs) by applying the new Jaya optimization algorithm. The approach ensures co-ordination among the three controllers of the SMC of UPFC and hence enhances damping of oscillations by using SMCs. The usefulness of the SMCs for UPFC based on Jaya optimization technique in damping the significant modes is tested on a 4-machine-10-bus system and 10-machine 39-bus, New England system for the first time.
Keyword: Supplementary modulation controllers, Low frequency electromechanical oscillations, Jaya optimization technique, Multi-machine power systems, small-signal stability, Transient stability

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T.R.Jyothsna, D. Sree Chandana Bhargavi "A New Jaya Optimization Technique for the Stability Improvement of UPFC Controllers" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This project investigates the effect of large penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation systems on the quality of power especially the quality of voltage in the power distribution system. The main characteristics of PV generation are first illustrated with a general description of the main components of a practical PV system. A model of a certain distribution network was built and validated based on a datasheet that was provided from the supervisor which matches the real UK data network. Distributed small scale PV generators were integrated into the distribution model to study the effect on the system voltage by simulation. The effect of rapid changes in irradiance under different conditions on the distribution network was also investigated. Finally the simulation results were used to find out ways to overcome the possible disadvantages of integrating PV generators into the distribution network..
Keyword: xxxx

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Faisal A A M Ahmad, Dr Jayaraman Ramachandran "Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Output Power and Their Impact on The Distribution Network" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, an integrated Quantum inspired GA (QGA) based generalized neural network (QGA-GNN) has been developed. The QGA-GNN is used for estimation of stator resistance of a 5hp Three phase Induction Motor (3Φ I.M.) under different healthy and unhealthy working conditions. The simulation model is used to collect the set of data for estimating stator winding resistance under healthy and faulty (i.e. 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% short circuited) conditions. The motor current and motor speed are considered as input and stator resistance as output of the proposed technique. The results obtained from QGA-GNN are compared with the ANN and GNN. QGA-GNN is giving good results under different working conditions. It is found that the training epochs required in ANN is about 50,000, in GNN - about 400 epochs and in QGA-GNN it is negligible. The superiority in terms of RMSE of QGA-GNN is 0.001 in comparison to ANN which is 0.012.
Keyword: Stator Resistance Estimation, Three Phase Induction Motor, Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Approach, Quantum Genetic Approach, Soft Computing techniques

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D. K. Chaturvedi, Mayank Pratap Singh, O.P. Malik "Development of Integrated Softcomputing Approach for Stator Resistance Estimation of Three Phase Induction Motor" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper deals with a system which monitors the health condition of a three phase induction motor by using infrared thermal images. Here two systems, real time and off line, are proposed to monitor the temperature variations and analyze the hot regions beyond the rated temperature in the three phase induction motor using infrared thermograms. This system helps to monitor the variation of temperature at the different parts of the induction motor. Abnormal temperature rise in any parts indicates the faults. This technique helps to prevent the parts of induction motor before any catastrophe would happen in the future. The color based segmentation technique is used to identify abnormal hot regions in the thermograms of three phase induction motor. A changing red color intensity algorithm is also implemented to recognize the hot spots and also the change in hotness in a particular area of induction motor to declare the health of that particular area. Similarly the conditions of various areas in the machine all together monitor the overall health of the Induction motor.
Keyword: Thermal image, Feature selection, Fault diagnostics, Intelligent system, Health Monitoring

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D. K. Chaturvedi, Mayank Pratap Singh "Health Monitoring of Induction Motor Using Thermal Images" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Building Information Modeling (BIM), also called n-D Modeling or Virtual Prototyping Technology, is a revolutionary development that is quickly reshaping the Architecture- Engineering-Construction (AEC) industry. BIM is both a technology and a process. The technology component of BIM helps project stakeholders to visualize what is to be built in a simulated environment to identify any potential design, construction or operational issues.The paper presents an overview of BIM with focus on its core concepts, applications in the project life cycle.The paper also elaborates risks and barriers to BIM implementation and future trends.The issues of introduction of building information modeling (BIM) in construction industry are considered.
Keyword: xxxx

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Divya Rajnikant Malviya, Dr.Pankaj Bhangale "Development of BIM for Building Projects" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Construction is one of the longest-standing industries, yet it has struggled to get good, simple technology on site. Construction is an important sector that contributes greatly in the economic growth of the nation, the construction industry is an investment-led sector where government shows high interest. Government contracts with construction industry to develop infrastructure related to health, transport, as well as education sector. It is very important to choose suitable construction techniques for rapid construction. The main objectives of this project is to compare construction techniques which can help to improve the selection of construction methods for a projects. In this project there is a comparison between MIVAN Technology and Conventional Construction Technology.
Keyword: xxxx

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Prof. Manish Mata, Gauravi Anil Chaudhari "Comparative Study of Various Construction Techniques" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The main reasons for Panzhihua's local pollution are the large amount of coal burned, steelmaking, and scattered non-point sources. At the same time, meteorological factors and topographical characteristics also play a significant role in air quality. This paper analyses and evaluates the air quality in Panzhihua City based on the Air Quality Index (AQI). Through the use of Train Collectors Tool to capture the air quality monitoring data in recent years, and use the visualization software to analyze the data. It is concluded that climatic factors, industrial layout, mountain topography characteristics and industrial land layout are the main causes of air pollution in mountainous cities, and air pollution control measures are proposed for the air quality in Panzhihua City..
Keyword: topographic features; meteorological features; industrial distribution; air quality index

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Li-yun ZENG, Yi-qi YUAN, Jia-man XU "Research on Influencing Factors of Air Quality in Index Industrial Cities Based on Mountain Topography" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Latar belakang yang mendasari pada penelitian ini ditemui adanya permasalahan pada mata kuliah Tata Rias Pengantin Sumatera Barat, Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Rias dan Kecantikan FPP UNP yaitu mahasiswa kesulitan dalam hal memahami teknik pembuatan sanggul Tradisional Suntiang Tusuak, teknik pengaplikasian pemasangan ornamen hiasan tradisional Suntiang Tusuak, serta kurangnya pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap kesesuaian antara bentuk kepala dan wajah pengantin terhadap hasil pemasangan Tradisional Suntiang Tusuak, sehingga hasil pemasangan Tradisional Suntiang Tusuak tampak kurang maksimal. Perkiraan munculnya permasalahan ini dikarenakan adanya penggunaan media pembelajaran yang digunakan kurang tepat, sehingga tidak memberikan.....
Keyword: Media Pembelajaran, Multimedia Interaktif E-book, Mata Kuliah Tata Rias Pengantin Sumatera Barat.

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Vivi Efrianova, Ambiyar, Abrar Tanjung, Agus Rahmat Timor, Unung Verawardina "The Use of eBook-based Interactive Multimedia in Increasing Students' Learning Activities and Outcomes in West Sumatera Bridal Makeup Course" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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six pulse inverters are commonly used in renewable Energy applications to convert the DC voltage to a three-phase AC voltage with a constant frequency and constant rms value. It is typically desired to obtain an AC voltage waveform with high fundamental component amplitude of voltage waveform and low harmonic contents. To achieve that, various modulation techniques are used. In this paper, a comparison between sine-triangular modulation and six-step modulation is presented. To set the stage, analytical equations are defined for a three-phase inverter supplying an inductive load. Using MatLab/Simulink tool, the voltage and current waveforms are obtained and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is evaluated for the two modulation techniques. It is concluded from the results that the sine-triangular modulation technique leads to lower THD while the six-step modulation technique gives higher fundamental component amplitude of the voltage waveform.
Keyword: Low order harmonics, sine-triangular modulation, six pulse inverters, six-step modulation, three phase inverters, total harmonic distortion

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Nagi Buaossa, Haytham Yousef Mustafa, Saad. M. Saad, Naser El Naily "A Comparative Study between Sine-Triangular Modulation and Six-Step Modulation Techniques for Three Phase Inverters" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Reliable identity management system is an integral part of the enterprise. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that is decentralized, cryptographically signed, with the ability to solve the protection and privacy problems of Centralized Identity Management System. The distributed consensus design of the blockchain will prevent malicious attacks, and enables self-sovereign identity by providing an individual to have more control over their information and to share minimum amount of information that are required for identification. This paper focused on the leveraging power of Blockchain technology in Digital Identity Management.
Keyword: Blockchain, Consensus, Identity Management System, Zero knowledge proof

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C. Victoria Priscilla, T. Devasena "Blockchain based Identity Management System: A Survey" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This project's objective is to develop a mechanical system for cleaning domestic water tanks. The mechanical system consists of two principal mechanisms that are rack and pinion gear mechanism and reciprocating four-bar linkage mechanism. The rack and pinion arrangement is used to transport the entire mechanical system up and down for cleaning the cylindrical tank. Brushes are connected to the ends of the four-bar linkage. A four-bar linkage is made in this kind of manner so that it could be adjusted according to the interior diameter of the tank. When the motor begins the linkage rotates and with the assist of brushes, cleaning of the wall and base of the tank takes place. The reason for this....
Keyword: xxxx

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Anirudh Ramachandran, Aravind Iyer, Shabharish Iyer, Vineet Mudaliyar, Siddique Ahmed "Design and Fabrication of Automatic Water Tank Cleaning Machine" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Monitoring of agricultural areas has high importance in the context of global challenges such as population growth, increasing food demand and climate change. Ever increasing population demands more food supplies. Acreage estimation using traditional methods has its challenges and problems. Remote sensing based acreage estimation is proven to be more economical and accurate. Cloud patches cover the ground during rainy season reducing the visibility of land cover from an optical remote sensing platform. Post rainy season imagery have least cloud cover and can be used before harvest to estimate area under each crop with large extents, especially in the deltaic regions. Resourcesat-2 satellite imagery acquired by its two sensors LISS III (23.5m) and LISS IV (5.8m) were used to identify and map the rice and maize crops selected part of west Godavari and Guntur districts in Andhra Pradesh..
Keyword: xxxx

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Deepika Uppala, Ramana Kothapalli Venkata, Vidyavathi Somepalli "Crop Discrimination Using Post Rainy Season Multispectral Data From LISS III And LISS IV In Two Coastal Districts Of Andhra Pradesh, India" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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INDIA is one of the most populous countries in the World and is a fast-growing financial prudence. Also, Indian traffic is non-lane based. So the accident rate is more. It needs a traffic control solution, which are different from the other Countries. Hit and run is the common practice and these cases are increasing day by day. In this paper the solution to overcome this issue is provided. Vehicles will come with the unique RFID code and piezoelectric pressure will detect the accident and through message the GPS location is sent to the traffic in charge regarding the accident the victims and their locations. To avoid the accidents, alcohol sensor is implemented, which when detected will not start the engine..
Keyword: accident detection, GSM, GPS, NodeMCU, ATMEGA328,Traffic Management

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Atish Jadhav, Shruti Shetty, Amirsohel sheikh, Vijaykumar Mahajan "Dynamic Road Traffic Violation/Accident Detection and Management" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Interest in high-altitude platforms (HAPs) has been increasing recently, especially with the rapid technical development in solar panels' efficiency, energy storage, antenna design, and lightweight materials for aircraft parts. These factors make high-altitude platforms more applicable in a wide variety of military, security, relief, and civilian applications. This paper provides overview on the high-altitude platforms and their advantages compared terrestrial and satellite communications. This paper also surveys the air-to-ground channel model used for HAPs, channel performance metrics, and optimizing various HAPs parameters..
Keyword: air-to-ground channel, channel characterization, high-altitude platforms, optimization, unmanned aerial vehicle

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Abdulrahman Ali Almarhabi "Survey on High-Altitude Platforms: Channel Modeling, Optimization, and Performance Metrics" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Voltage stability is one of the significant aspect in steady state operation of power systems. The optimal reactive power requirement behind it is the guiding philosophy to have stable voltage in power system. As it is known that the conventional generation provides active power, but it fails to provide reactive power. Thus, the absence of the reactive power affects the performance of system; and as by general phenomenon it can solved by optimally allocating the flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices in transmission system. This proposes an optimal allocation of FACTS devices to have increased voltage stability at optimal cost of FACTS devices; together with enhancing the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) in the system. The allocated FACTS device improves the voltage profile, ATC at optimal cost, solved by using heuristic based on salp swarm optimization algorithm. The relevant comparisons made in this work shows the superiority of proposed approach over the other methods..
Keyword: Voltage stability, Available Transfer Capability (ATC), Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS),

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Hemachandra Reddy K, P. Ramkishore kumar Reddy, P. Sujatha "Optimal allocation of FACTS devices based on heuristic approach considering ATC along with device cost and voltage variations" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this project, we propose a security patrolling robot manages the utilization of Raspberry pi to survey night patrolling in an area. These days' video reconnaissance significant as far as security. Top of the line cameras are required in business spaces, schools and clinics, stockrooms, and outside conditions. The robotic vehicle moves at specific intervals and outfits with night vision camera and sound sensors. It stops at specific points and moves to next points if sound is identified. It can screen sound in the premises. Any sound after working hours and it starts towards the sound on its predefined way. It scans the region utilizing its camera to detect any human appearances distinguished. It captures and starts transmitting the pictures of circumstance quickly on sound or human face identification. The undertaking clarifies the utilization of Raspberry Pi, a low-cost single onboard computer..
Keyword: Night vision, patrol robot, sound sensor. raspberry pi

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Pavan Kitchagiri, Saitharun Vaddi, Shyamsundar Rao Rajanala, Bharathvenkatavarma Manthena, Subbarayudu Sanepalli, Irfan Ahmad Pindoo "Night Vision Patrolling Robot for Security Patrolling Using Raspberry Pi" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Water plays the most vital role within the regular life. The water metering system is employed to manage the water within the house in order to control the water wastage and water use for a people can be measured by a municipal corporation. Any leak on your plumbing will be arduous to notice. Sewer leaks will typically be mistaken for a leak on a water line. A Sewer leak on your drain line can even injury your property. Standing or ponding water from a leaky sewer pipes also are a risk to you and to Leaky drain pipes can even undermine your drain system and cause sags and separations. Hence in order to solve this problem, the water flow monitoring sensor helps in detecting the water flow. Water leakage or overflow can be identified and solved. In addition to this feature, the volume of water flow can also be calculated with the help of water flow, water level, rain drop, gas sensors and Arduino . All the parameters values monitored by the webpage and LCD display.
Keyword: ....

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Dr.C.S.Ravichandran, T.Naveen Prasath, S.Nikil Kumar, S.Naveen Kumar "IOT Based Sewer Clogging Prediction System For Smart City" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In today's new world, many things are moving over cloud and other such services. However, how these services work or are made is known only to a few people. To break this barrier, everyone must know 'what is cloud computing, cloud storage, data management, network architecture, Clients and Providers, etc.' To understand this soon enough, one needs to know about SD-WAN technology first. How it deals with various things and how a vast network is managed through it (an interface or GUI and CLI altogether).
Keyword: Cloud, Cloud Computing, SD-WAN, Interface, GUI and CLI.

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Aditya Arunkumar Vishwakarma "SD-WAN gateway to the future" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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With the increasing reliance of businesses over information and information system, it has become crucial for organizations to guard their critical information assets against loss , theft or misuse. With the growth of IT/ICT field and the developments in the ways of information is generated, processed, stored, distributed globally over communication links, the information security landscape has been changing very rapidly. Organizations need to have a balanced mix of technical, management and behavioural aspects to overcome this challenge. This analysis attempts to review the ISM practices followed by ITdevelopment and IT enabled services companies. Observations of this analysis and correlations among various ISM factors may help to develop an organizational ISM framework which can be useful to prioritize various organizational ISM practices.
Keyword: cyber breaches, risk management, security management practices , security policy

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Ashish Ukidve, Dr S S Mantha, Dr D N Reddy "Analysis of evolution of information security management practices in organisations providing IT development & IT Enabled services" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The advancement of knowledge technology has caused an evolutionary and paradigm shift in Virtual Training in the present scenario. The demand for company training has matured exponentially, allowing employees to be supplied with an emulated Virtual Training without attending the standard brick and mortar training. Over a decade, businesses are regularly using technology for improving their daily work with more efficiency. The organisations are using technology to deliver training for their staff due to a bundle of benefits like value saving in travel expenditures and training time, flexibility and delivery of coaching, diverse content accessibility, permanent use of resources within the corporate, enhancing worker productivity etc. Owing to globalization, many businesses began to depend upon Virtual Training, thanks to its potentiality to reach large groups of people in different districts or countries....
Keyword: Virtual Training, HRIS, Industry 4.0

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Prof Anindya Saha, Prof Sougata Majumder, Prof Protik Basu "Role of Virtual Training in people empowerment in the era of Industry 4.0" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The disposal of plastic solid waste has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e., either advanced mechanical recycling of Plastic solid waste as virgin or second grade plastic feed- stock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste. The processes help to avoid land filling, where the non-biodegradable plastics remain in the environmental causing pollution. In this project we are focusing on producing diesel via syngas; which is produced by gasification of plastic. Gasification is a process of burning feedstock at high temperature in the presence of the oxidizing agent to form syngas. The syngas produced can be used to produce wide range of products. In this project we are using syngas to produce diesel by F-T synthesis. F-T synthesis is a process in which syngas is converted into alkane in the presence of and metallic catalyst (Usually iron or cobalt). In this project we focus on optimizing the process of conversion of plastic to diesel via syngas and thereby increasing the yield of diesel..
Keyword: xxxx

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Amey Kulkarni, Raj Dhabalia, Prathamesh Kotkar "Conversion of Waste Plastic into Fuel by Gasification" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Based on the division of river areas in the city of Palembang, there are 21 sub-watersheds, but only 18 sub-watersheds that lead directly to the Musi river, namely the Rengas Lacak, Gandus, Lambidaro, Boang, Sekanak, Bendung, Lawang Kidul, Buah, Juaro, Batang sub-watersheds, Keramasan, Kertapati, Kedukan Ulu, Aur, Sriguna, Jakabaring and Plaju. The area of Palembang city which always experiences floods every year, among others, is the watershed area of the Buah River. The Buah River, with the main river being 7.93 km long, has many meanders and a river wall reinforcement has been built. The research was conducted to see changes in the water level in the Buah river using the HEC-RAS ver.4.1.0 program. The results showed the....
Keyword: Flood discharge, IDF curve, HEC-RAS program, water level fluctuation

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Achmad Syarifudin, Hidayat, Asrullah "Analysis of Water Level Fluctuation in The Buah River With HEC-RAS Program" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Metal matrix composites have superior mechanical properties contrary to metals over a wide range of working conditions. This makes them a prominent option in replacing metals for different engineering applications. These materials are developed for engine blocks, bearing propeller vanes, steering systems, drive shafts in aircraft. Particle reinforced aluminium MMCs have received considerable attention due to their excellent engineering properties like high strength to weight ratio, high toughness, high impact strength etc. But these materials are usually regarded as extremely hard to machine, because of the abrasive characteristics of the reinforced particulates. It is also acknowledged that their machining behaviour is not fully understood. Amongst all machining processes, turning is the most frequently...
Keyword: Metal matrix composites, surface roughness, wear mechanism

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Mr. Sandeep S Patil, Prof. Harishchandra K Chavhan "A Review on machining parameters for better surface finish of MMC material" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-pumping equipment generally used to pump drinking and irrigation water in mountainous and rural areas having short of power. In the past, it has been analysed and optimized by fabricating various prototypes and conducting experiments and comparisons. In general hydraulic pump lifts water by using electricity, fuel or manpower. There are many technologies to lift water without using electricity. As fossil fuel one of the most energy crises in the world , it is necessary to use the fuel wisely.It is Simple in construction and its reliable giving a low maintenance requirement . It is Automatic, continuous operation requires therefore no supervision or human input. Use of a renewable energy source ensuring low running cost. Experiment was carried out for the air vessel of 52cm and 22cm and comparisons were conducted with other products. The results how the outlet discharge rate and wastage rate would be affect by the difference in the length of the air vessel.
Keyword: Hydraulic ramp pump, Air Vessel, Outlet Discharge Rate , Wastage Rate

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Kishan Kalariya, Darshit Korat, Darshan Patel, Harshal Patel "Preparation of Paper for International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Fabricating and Analysis of Water Lifting Device without Electricity or Fuel" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The concept of Green Building has gained a tremendous role in modern construction. It reduces the environmental footprint and provides a healthy environment for the occupants. Various innovative technologies and building materials available in the market make the construction of greener buildings easier. This paper looks into the different methods that can be adopted to convert an existing building into a green building. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment is an initiative by the Government of India to promote and implement Green and Sustainable practices across the country. The existing department building of College of Engineering Kidangoor is evaluated based on the criterion mentioned in GRIHA and possible renovations are suggested to improve the rating. The suggestions include Rainwater Harvesting System, Modern HVAC System, Vertical gardening, Greywater Treatment System, Onsite Waste Collection and Segregation methods, etc. which comes under sections such as Water, Energy, Human Health and Comfort, Maintenance and Housekeeping, etc... The suggested renovations lead to an energy-efficient and self-sufficient building with long-term benefits.
Keyword: Greywater treatment, Green Building, GRIHA, Rainwater Harvesting, Vertical Gardening

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Aadarsh T Biju, Divyasree V, Surya V S, Prof. Divya S Nair "Rejuvenating Existing Building – A Sustainable Approach towards Green." Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The agricultural machineries are used world-wide to facilitate the various agricultural work. In this work, we have considered the gear box of agricultural machine consisting of an arrangement of transmission shaft, spur and bevel gears. Presently, this gear box is facing the problem of heating up during the operations. To overcome this undesired problem, the limitations in the process of designing, are identified and analyzed with the help of the software tool used in the machine design applications. The designing of CAD model, structural and thermal analysis of the existing and modified gear box was carried out by CREO and ANSYS software. The main focus of the work was to reduce the stresses and temperature of the existing gear box. Firstly, the designs of existing spur gear pair are modified, by making the changes in their geometric dimensions and performed structural analysis. By considering the structural analysis results, the designed optimal gear box was selected....
Keyword: ANSYS, Bevel gear, CREO, Contact stress, Spur gear.

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Satish Kakade, Prashant Awachat "Design Optimization and Analysis of A Gear Box Used In Agricultural Machinery" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, we analyze the performance of a FTTH system using multiplexing hybribe OTDM / WDM we compare to FTTH systems using multiplexing OTDM and WDM. It appears from the studies that despite a good bit rate error that OTDM and better quality factor that also have the WDM, the hybrid multiplexer which is a combination of the two multiplexing has a quality factor and a lot bit error rate more better. Another advantage is observed that the hybrid multiplexing not only to share the fiber and increase bandwidth but also to increase the number of subscribers per fiber..
Keyword: OTDM, WDM, Fiber,, FTTH, Quality factor

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Flora N. BASSOUNG, Eric A. Ndanga, Jean Ndoumbe "Performance Analysis of a Passive FTTH-PON System Using Hybrid OTDM/WDM Multiplexing" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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There are many remarkable things happening in the world of science and technology, but yet there is no effective solution to repel pests healthy and chemical free. This paper focuses on various pest controlling methods and also talks about the e- pests controller based on variable frequency generation technique. The purpose of the project is to design an e- pest repellent. Such a device can be very useful to counter the various problems caused by ants, insects, pests and rodents The device is compact, cheap and it does not cause any pollution unlike the other chemical repellents. We have used a microcontroller to generate sweep in sound frequencies and an assembly consisting of audio amplifier, LCD. The e-pest repellent is made intelligent using ANN..
Keyword: Frequency repellent, rodents, pests, chemical free pest repellent

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D.K. Chaturvedi, M.P. Singh, Shikha, Amra Gupta, Sakshi Goswami, Km Sapna, Khushboo Gautam "Intelligent e- Pest Repellent System" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Automotive spray guns are the fundamental tools for automotive painting. They are necessary for all types of automotive coating which consider liquid based paints. In this article we will discuss the types of spray guns, applications, and advanced technology in spray guns..
Keyword: Spray guns, operation, selection criteria, best practice, advanced technology, parts

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Eng. Ghazi H. KH. M. Aldhafiri "Automotive Spray Gun Technologies" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Pharmaceutical residues, which occurrence in natural water system are in many cases virtually unaffected by conventional wastewater treatment. Accumulated in the environment, however, they can significantly impact aquatic life. The present study indicates that many pharmaceutical residues found in wastewater can be removed with activated carbon in a cost-efficient system that delivers higher resource utilisation and security than other carbon systems. Recent research has put a closer focus on adsorption with powdered activated carbon (PAC) than on granular activated carbon (GAC). Various experiments were studied using batch adsorption technique under different conditions of reaction time, initial pollutant concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH. The treatment of the optimum conditions found is reaction time of 45min, pH of 7, and adsorbent dosage of 1000mg/l that is of 94+2%..
Keyword: Adsorbent, granular activated carbon, pharmaceuticals, waste water.

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Yeddla.Gangadhar Reddy, T. Bala Narsaiah "Evaluation of activated carbon efficacy for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater" Vol. 11 - No. 5 (May 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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