Abstract:

The seasonal variations (pre and post-monsoon)in textural parameters were studied from Harnai to Kolthare coast, Ratnagiri district, West coast of Maharashtra, India. Textural analysis reveals the environmental and the dynamical processes that have acted on the collected sediment samples. It helps to understand the hydrodynamic conditions prevalent along the coastal areas. Seasonal characterization has been carried out on detrital sediments at the foreshore, backshore, raised marine terraces and coastal dunes. During pre-monsoon foreshore, backshore and raised marine terrace sub-environments are abundance of very fine to medium sand which is well sorted to poorly sorted which shows the prevalence of high energy conditions. The grains are fine to strongly coarse skewed and very platykurtic to very leptokurtic in nature. The raised marine terrace sediments are very platykurtic to mesokurtic.... <1), but more during the vegetative stage..
Keyword: Coastal sediments,CM plots, Statistical parameters, Sedimentary environment, Textural Analysis, West coast of India

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J. U. Shinde, P. B. Kamble1,M. A. Herlekar, S. Kulkarni, P.B. Gawali "Seasonal variation in Textural Analysis of Coastal sediments Ratnagiri district, West Coast of Maharashtra, India: Implications on Depositional Sedimentary Environment" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Concrete has become indispensible construction material worldwide because of its wide usage and its raw materials are available widely around the world and considered as the man made material. In the recent past, due to the advancements in research and innovations, various types of concretes like Self-compacting concrete, Lightweight concrete, Ready mix concrete and High performance concrete have gained importance in comparison with ordinary concrete. Among them, self compacting concrete has become increasingly popular because of its ability to fill empty spaces without the use of vibrators within the formwork. Self-compacting concrete flows under its own weight and will have no segregation. Segregation of concrete results in honeycombing in sections adjacent to the formwork. A well designed SCC mix has high deformability, excellent stability characteristics and greater workability....
Keyword: Self compacting concrete, Cement, fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, manufactured Sand, macro synthetic fiber, workability, beams, Compressive strength and flexural strength.

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N.Rakesh, Prof C.Sashidhar, G.Hemalatha "Experimental Studies on Flow Properties and Flexural Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete with Synthetic Fibers and Manufactured Sand" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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One of the common problems in progressing countries is the maintenance of roads. Potholes are the main cause of accidents other than over speeding. In this paper it is proposed to identify a pothole and save its exact location along with vehicle's information for predicting vehicle's condition i.e. (if something is wrong with it or not) and will predict its maintenance time accordingly all this will be saved on the cloud. All this information will be displayed on the map and can be accessed by the common people as well as government authorities so that the potholes can be repaired as soon as possible. And with the help of machine learning, the device will be able to predict the condition of the vehicle.
Keyword: Elasticsearch, Kibana, Map, Pothole, Raspberry pi

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Rushi Panchariya, Shubham Khatal, Prasad Londhe, Roshan Balayar, Dr. Kamini Nalavade "Pothole Detector Using IOT" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Cloud computing has been recognised as a cost-effective model for computingon the Internet. Virtualization that enables cloud computing, shares a pool of physical machines with a large number of virtual machines running massive user-applications. This necessitates efficient allocation of virtual machines to physical machines in order to balance the load on physical machines and ensure better quality of service. However, unpredictable and unequal load of user applications impose severe challenges on cloud datacenters in view of effective resource management. In this research, a new load balancing algorithm is proposed for efficient allocation of virtual machines to physical machines. The algorithm has been implemented in CloudSim and compared with the existing worst-fit algorithm. Resulted data shows the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithm in resource management.
Keyword: Virtual Machine Allocation, Load Balancing Algorithm, Cloud Computing, Datacenter Resource Management, Virtualization

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Pandaba Pradhan, Prafulla Ku. Behera, B N B Ray "A New Load Balancing Algorithm for Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud Computing" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Gas Insulated Substations have to withstand for lightning surges without breakdown of Insulation. In this paper a single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct with inner diameter conductor 55mm and diameter of enclosure 150 mm is considered. Three particle of different sizes assumed to be rest at a position. Lightning Impulse Voltage of 1050 kV is superimposed on Power frequency voltages of 100 kV, 132 kV ,145 and 200 kV are applied to one Phase GIS bus. The motion of the three particles are simulated for different voltages using MATLAB. Effect of the three particles for Lightning Impulse Voltage super imposed on power frequency on particle movement are analyzed and time of collisions of the particle at first time is determined for various voltages. And also the horizontal and vertical distances at which the particles....
Keyword: Multiple particles , collision ,Gas Insulated Substations, Particle Contamination, MATLAB

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Ranuva Nageswara Rao "Effect of particle contamination in a 1- Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct under Lightning impulse voltage" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The world is going digital at an unprecedentedly fast pace, and the change is only going to go even faster. The digitalization means everything is moving at lightning speed – business, entertainment, trends, new products, etc. The consumer gets what he or she wants instantly because the service provider has the means to deliver it. A typical cyber-attack is an attempt by adversaries or cybercriminals trying to access, alter, or damage a target‟s computer system or network in an unauthorized way. It is systematic, intended, and calculated exploitation of technology to affect computer networks and systems to disrupt organizations and operations reliant on them. While the future seems bleak, there have also been developments in technology with significant impacts on cybersecurity. One such major game-changer in the field of cybersecurity is tools and techniques developed and supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as a subset of it..
Keyword: Cyber security, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Security intelligence, Cyber defense, Denial of Service (DoS), Self-Organizing Maps (SOM)..

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Tushar Aggarwal, Er. Pooja Kapila "Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Prevent Cyber Crime" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The derivative spectrofluorimetric procedure was developed for the determination of diclofenac in surface water samples. The procedure was based on the intrinsic fluorescence of diclofenac emitted at 362 nm, which was proportional to its concentration. To circumvent interferences of the samples, the second derivative of the emission spectra was used. The optimized procedure can be used for the determination of diclofenac in a concentration range of 1.48 to 22 μg mL−1. The detection limit was 0.12 μg mL−1. The limit of quantification obtained was 1.0 μg mL−1. The diclofenac recoveries obtained a suitable for the types of samples evaluated. The spectrofluorimetric procedure with the second derivative is simple, fast, and sensitive and there is no interference of the matrix in the determination of diclofenac in surface water samples..
Keyword: validation, environmental, excitation-emission

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BARROS, Herbert L. B. V., VIEIRA, Heberth J. "Analytical procedure for diclofenac determination using derivative spectrofluorimetry in surface waters" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a production method that is designed to easily adapt to changes in the type and quantity of the product being manufactured. Machines and computerized systems can be configured to manufacture a variety of parts and handle changing levels of production. In FMS machines alone are not only important resources, even the material handling systems like AGVs are also important resources. Hence, a carefully designed and managed material handling system is important in achieving the required integration in flexible manufacturing environment. It is necessary that their operations should be optimized and above all synchronized with machine operations. This is referred to as simultaneous scheduling of both machines and AGVs. But this simultaneous scheduling process is a complex problem. It is observed from the literature that for solving the simultaneous scheduling problems...
Keyword: AGVs, FMS, Hybrid Metaheuristics, Makespan, Simultaneous scheduling.

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Prakash Babu Kanakavalli, Vijaya Babu Vommi "A Comparision of Hybrid Metaheuristics Performances in Simultaneous Scheduling of Machines and AGVs in FMS" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The dairy industry is one of the major energy consuming sectors in India. The various processes in dairy industry include pasteurization, cream separation, homogenization, chilling of milk and packaging of milk and value-added products. Currently, the thermal and electrical demand required for various dairy processes is satisfied by conventional fuels like furnace oil, coal, natural gas and electricity. The total electricity consumption is about 53% of total demand, whereas the rest of demand is satisfied by natural gas, furnace oil, coal which accounts for 22 to 25% respectively. These all non-conventional resources are going to deplete in next 3 to 4 decades, so there is a need to switch the use of conventional resources for process heating and cooling to non-conventional. Further as far as the conventional thermal process is concerned, there is a loss..
Keyword: Dairy industry, process heating, chilling requirements, pasteurisation, solar based vapour absorption refrigeration system.

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Mr. Aditya Arvind Yadav, Mr. Pravin A Prabhu, Dr. Jaydeep S. Bagi, Mr. Shrikant Madan Ingawale "Potential Assessment of Solar Industrial Process Heating in Dairy Industry in Maharashtra State, India" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (Dec. 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Wind turbine blade undergoes variable static and dynamic during its actual life cycle. Modern wind turbine blades are designed to withstand various dynamic loading conditions. Wind turbine blades undergoes failure in combination of flap wise and edge wise. For optimum design of wind turbine blades, there should be proper selection of materials for turbine blades. Wind turbine blades are manufactured by using composite materials such as epoxy resin, and various other carbon fiber reinforced plastics. In this paper wind turbine blade prototype is analyzed using finite element analysis (ANSYS) for various loading conditions.
Keyword: Wind Turbine Blade, ANSYS, Variable Loading, Finite Element Analysis.

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Mr. Aditya Arvind Yadav, Ms. Ketki Suryakant Deshmane, Mr. Niranjan Nitin Oturkar, Mr. Shreyash Shashikant Wadekar "Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Prototype using ANSYS" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this generation of globalization, threat and risk has become new normal in life which can be related to every vicinity of lifestyle. Construction industry is among the most dangerous places to be in with threat as an ever-gift element of puzzle. For the success of any construction project, it is important to map the risks and threats during the planning stage itself and analyzing them properly. Without a proper risk management system in place, the construction projects become vulnerable to risks. Thus, finding a "golden imply‟ in risk management can be the effective danger control. This involves a complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of the risks involved and class of danger. Quantitative analysis helps in checking the maximum advantages of the possible risk management choices using mathematical and analytical tools. Thus, an exact evaluation, including stakeholder evaluation, risks at different time points and possible causes offers an opportunity to correctly manage the hazards. The end result of hazard identity and evaluation of the project can be a listing of activities displaying the cause and the opportunity of an event, and it‟s very last assessment of the effect at the surroundings..
Keyword: Risk Management, Safety Management Practices, Safety Measures, Risk hazards, Project Risk

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Aamil Farooqui, Rameezut Tauheed "Construction Risk Management: A Case Study using Questionnaire Method" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, we study the new APB‟s statistical quartile method for finding the Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) to the transportation problem (TP) by quartile approach. By this method the problem was solved without changing the order of the transportation table, we can achieve the goal with less number of calculations and iterations. Moreover, we illustrate the method by suitable applications and compare it with North – West Corner method and have shown that the new APB‟s quartile method gives very much good result as compare to North – West Corner method.
Keyword: Wind Transportation Problem, Statistical Method, North – West Corner Method.

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A. P. Bhadane, S. D. Manjarekar "APB's Statistical Quartile method for IBFS of a Transportation Problem and comparison with North – West Corner Method" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The cost and use of energy in agricultural sector have enhanced the productivity rate on large scale. On other hand making it necessary to be more energy economical. For this purpose, the existing systems should be completely analysed. The Rice processing industry is among the most energy-consuming industries as far as labour, energy, and capital is concerned. The required utilities during a rice processing industry are electricity, steam, water, air, etc. Electrical energy is the primary energy supply for the rice processing. The electrical energy is employed to run pumps, motors, fans, blowers, lights, conveyors, etc. The variations within the utilization of energy in the utilities throughout the method should be accounted for the finished product. This study investigates various types of energy consumption patterns utilized in rice processing industry and the use of renewable energy to exchange the dearer fossil fuels which result in the Green House Gas Emissions..
Keyword: Solar thermal process heating, rice industry, Renewable energy integration, PVSYST, parboiling, soaking

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Mr. Aditya Arvind Yadav, Mr. Shrikant Madan Ingawale, Mr. Pravin A Prabhu "Energy Consumption Assessment of Grain Drying Industry in India" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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There are very limited case studies available investigating about structural behavior of reinforced concrete chimney subjected to wind loads. An existing 65m high reinforced concrete chimney located at Oriental Yeast India ltd is considered for the present study. Although the chimney was designed in 2018 still it was designed by following the provisions of old code IS875 (part-3):1987 for wind loads. There are some changes in the revised code due to which the wind pressure increases which further leads to increase in the shear force, bending moments and deflection of chimney. In this study, reasons behind the increment of wind pressure is investigated by comparing the wind forces calculated from revised code IS875 (part 3):2015 & old code IS875 (part 3): 1987. The calculation work has been done manually in MS Excel.
Keyword: Reinforced concrete chimney, Design wind speed, Wind forces, IS875 (part 3):2015 & IS875 (part 3):1987..

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R. Vishwakarma, N. Binnani, R. K. Khare "Structural behavior and design of concrete chimney due to revision of IS875 (part 3)" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Self compacting concrete differs from conventional concrete by its fluid nature. It fills every corner of the structure by its own weight and it does not require any supplementary compaction technics. This study deals with the effect of macro synthetic fibers (MSF) incorporated in self compacting concrete (SCC) two way slabs under punching shear at simply support and fixed end conditions. In the study eight concrete mixes were prepared with various materials. Hear cement was partially replaced with Fly ash (FA), Silica fume (SF), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Manufacture sand (M Sand) is used as fine aggregate. MSF were added in percentages of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% to the mixes. As per EFNARC guidelines filling ability and passing ability tests were conducted. Forty eight sample slabs of dimension 600 mm *600 mm*100 mm size two way slabs. The tests were conducted on slabs for simply support and fixed end conditions were subjected to punching shear at center point. The test results compared with 0% fiber sample.
Keyword: Self compacting concrete, cement, fly ash, silica fume, ground granular blast furnace slag, manufacture sand, punching shear, macro synthetic fibers, workability and two way slabs..

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J. Mahaboob basha, Prof C. Shasidhar, G. Hemalatha "Behavior of Synthetic Fibers Incorpoparated in Self Compacting Concrete Slabs Under Punching Shear" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper researches the emulsification of weak-base ternary compound system and the effect on oil displacement efficiency, taking the drug concentration and oil recovery as the evaluation indexes, guided by reservoir engineering and physical chemistry, by means of chemical analysis and physical simulation. Results show that, after ternary compound system mixes with crude oil, surfactant and alkali dissolves into oil, while polymer can not. With the increase of oil-water ratio and reaction time, the distribution coefficient of alkali and surfactant in oil phase becomes larger. However, the mechanism of the two is different. The crude oil component, emulsification, alkali and polymer all have impact on the distribution of surfactant in crude oil. Compared with polymer flooding, the injection pressure of weak-base ASP flooding is higher, water cut is lower, and oil recovery increases.
Keyword: weak-base ternary compound system; distribution coefficient; crude oil component; physical simulation; emulsification; recovery percent; mechanism analysis.

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SUN Zhe, ZHANG Shanshan "Research on the emulsification of weak-base ternary compound system and its effect on oil displacement efficiency" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Composite solid electrolyte system (1-x) KNO3–xKCl (with x=0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3) is prepared by melt quench method. Characterization is done through XRD and FT-IR. D.C ionic conductivity is studied from room temperature to about 330oC. XRD peaks in the diffractograms show the existence of two phases. It indicates that the compounds are polycrystalline in nature with mixed orthorhombic structure of KNO3 and Cubic structure of KCl. KNO3 is a Frenkel type disordered crystal, with K+ ion as the mobile charge carrier. Conductivity in the system increases with mole percent (m%) of the KCl, reaching a maximum enhancement of more than one order of magnitude with respect to that of pure KNO3 at 15 m% and more than two orders with respect to KCl. Enhancement of conductivity in the mixed system is interpreted in terms of the formation of space charge layer between KNO3 and KCl in which defect concentration increases. Activation energy is calculated from conductivity data. Transport number is also evaluated
Keyword: Composite solid electrolyte, Conductivity, defect concentration, magnitude, phase boundary

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A. Raju, A. Vennela, Y. Mallaiah, M. Sathish, S. Narender Reddy, A. Sadanandachary "Ionic Conductivity Studies of KNO3 : KCl solid composite electrolyte system" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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An attempt has been made to investigate the electrical, optical and structural properties of conducting polymer Polyaniline (PANI). The Polyaniline were synthesized by oxidative polymerization. The Polyaniline films were synthesized using optimized concentration of monomer Aniline, Hydrochloric acid (HCL) a dopant and by using Ammonium Peroxidisulphate (APS) as an oxidant. The polymer was grown from aqueous solutions below the room temperature. The PANI films shows a good uniform surface morphology at 20C, temperature maintained at constant temperature bath. The I-V characterization of PANI film shows ohmic behavior and we have achieved better conductivity of the films. PANI thin films were characterized by analyzing UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The study reveals that the thin film of Polyaniline provides a very good mechanical strength, environmental stability, uniformity in surface, and very high conductivity, which are desired for active layers in sensor, chemiresistors in gas sensing applications, an anode for OLED and P- type material in PN-junction diode etc..
Keyword: ....

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Abhay G. Shrivas, N. S. Patil ,L. S. Patil "Optimization of Electrical and Optical Properties of Polyaniline for the Electronics Applications" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Due to the increase of rehabilitation works and the knowledge that the majority of the existing buildings was not objected of a fire safety project because there was no regulation at the time of construction, it is necessary to create technical assessment tools suitable to buildings or built sets, especially in more sensitive areas. This work proposes the model and operating procedures for an assessment method called EBRAFire. It assigns a rating to the buildings analyzed, based on fundamental parameters, observed in technical and regulatory standards, and also in empirical events resulting from experience in preventing and fighting fires. The model provides a detailed analysis of the parameters connected to the building's fire safety, with results that are easy to understand, can be useful for creating records for the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and can also be a fundamental collaborative work tool for all civil....
Keyword: Assessment, Existing Buildings, Fire Risk, Fire Safety.....

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Fernando José da Silva, Luís Carlos Ferreira Moreira, João Carlos Gonçalves Lanzinha, Paulo Gustavo von Krüger.. "EBRAFire: Fire Safety Assessment and Classification of Buildings" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Electronics works in technical colleges involve the repairs, maintenance and construction of basic electronic systems. This study was centered on the appropriate method of carrying out the best teaching that will yield better academic achievement of students on electronics works in technical colleges in Rivers State. The study also examined the influence of location on students' academic achievement in electronics works. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The design of the study was pre-test, post-test non-equivalent quasi-experimental study. A sample size of 112 students drawn from a population of 267 students in Rivers State technical colleges was used. To obtain the sample, two technical colleges were purposively selected and two intact........
Keyword: Construction, radio, receiver, students, academic, achievement, electronics, technical, colleges.

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Reagan Nnabio Robinson "Effect of Construction of a Radio Receiver on Students' Academic Achievement in Electronics Works in Technical Colleges in Rivers State" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this Paper, Multilayer capacitor is proposed based on chord fractal space filling curvein0.18μm RF CMOS process. The Proposed capacitor uses the both vertical and lateral electric fields. The capacitance density increases as number of layers increases with proper contact of vias in CMOS process. The design strategy is proposed for an on-chip area of 100 × 100 μm2. The Proposed capacitor achieves a 50 % higher capacitance value than the standard chord capacitors of similar on-chip area with a reasonable Q factor and Self resonant frequency for RF applications.
Keyword: Fractal Geometry, Chord Pattern, Lateral flux, Vertical flux.

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G. Ramani, P Akhendra Kumar "Design of Multilayer Fractal Capacitor in 0.18μm RF CMOS process" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper provides a theoretical description as how a targeted buried object is detected using a ground penetrating radar. GPR systems work in two different modes (i) monostatic mode, and (ii) bistatic mode. In the monostatic mode, the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna of a GPR are collocated. In the case of bistatic mode, the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are kept separately but with a fixed distance between them. By moving, for instance, a monostatic GPR antenna system along a preselected line over the ground surface, which is called B-scan, one can obtain a two-dimensional reflection profile called radargram. At every position of the GPR antenna on the ground, an echo is obtained. Signals emitted by a GPR antenna spread in the form of a fan while scanning. The radiated signal ray broadens when it passes through the ground's subsurface. Due to this, a buried object would be visible in the radar console before and after moving over the object. That is why a point-shaped buried object will show up as an inverted hyperbola on the received image data. Mathematical description of various kinds of GPR related activities are briefly presented in this paper.
Keyword: Ground Penetrating Radar, Subsurface Imaging, Targeted Buried Object Detection

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T. Kishan Rao, E. G. Rajan "Ground Penetrating Radar Based Subsurface Imaging of Targeted Buried Objects" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This is a summary paper of a simple genetic algorithm. A genetic algorithm is used to find a way out of them maze generated by walls. Here a player is simulated in a population, and then evolved to further as per the fitness of each player. The child with the highest fitness is carried on the next generation and is breed to give a new population. This paper covers the applications of genetic algorithms and how it was used to simulate a player running through a maze of walls trying to reach its goal and few applications of genetic algorithms.
Keyword: Artificial intelligence, Genetic algorithm, generation, fitness.

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Shreeraj R. Pawar "A Survey on Genetic Algorithms" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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A flexible rate non-orthogonal data aggregator is proposed and discussed for internet of things (IoT) applications. The proposed scheme aggregates the data of several IoT devices before transmission to the cloud for visualization and monitoring. The aggregation scheme is based on non-orthogonal multiplexing and similar to data multiplexing in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Complexity reduced software-defined aggregator and de-aggregator operations are discussed.
Keyword: Data aggregation, Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), Internet of things (IoT), nonorthogonal multiplexing

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Hadi Alasti "A Flexible Non-Orthogonal Software Defined Data Aggregator for IoT Applications" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Solar air heater (SAH) is special kind of heat exchanger that transfers thermal energy from the solar radiation to the fluid flowing inside of the collector. The most potential applications of SAH is the supply of hot air for heating of buildings, to maintain a comfortable environment especially in the winter season, air preheating, desiccant refrigeration, and drying of vegetables, fruits, meat, textile and marine products. Solar radiation intensity is less in the morning that increase gradually till noon and again decrease from noon to evening. The heat gain is directly proportional to the mass flow rate. It is maximum for the counter flow SAH and is least for transpired solar air heater. The efficiency of the SAH is directly proportional to mass flow rate. The thermal efficiency is maximum for the counter flow SAH, The useful heat gain increases is highest in the clear days of summer month particularly in the month of April-May and lowest in the cloudy days of winter month particularly in the month of December.
Keyword: Absorbers, Duct, Glazing, Solar Air Heater, Transpired SAH

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Bhawna Agrawal, Pallavi Agrawal, Suman Agrawal "Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Solar Air Heater" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Failures of concrete usually form as cracks. Cracks are commonly found in concrete structures and are undesirable features that may be brought about by environmental causes, workmanship, natural causes as well as age of the concrete element. It is therefore essential that causes and consequences of cracking are well understood so that suitable remedial measures can be adopted. This study is set to determine the likely causes of cracks in concrete structures especially in hot countries. The area of study was selected within Kuwait. Survey questionnaires will be used to collect data on causes and methods used for treatment of cracks. The survey is closely followed by an analysis of the data collected to reveal major causes of the cracks in Kuwait. This paper finally gives recommendations to be taken to prevent such cracks based on findings from the survey questionnaire.
Keyword: ........

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Naser S. Almutairi, Dr. Talal E. Almutairi "Preventing failures of concrete in regions of hot weather" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In the elementary and higher textbooks, the law of gravitation is associated with Newton. To remove any doubt, it is believed that it is given in the Principia. However, it is not true. Newton has neither given definition nor equation of the law. In Book III of the Principia Newton has given various individual propositions or theorems. Actually, these propositions do not lead to the law. Thus, this aspect can be seriously discussed how the law of gravitation is associated. In the critical analysis the various interesting facts are revealed. The various historical aspects are revealed. B E Clotfelter stated Newton never gave law of gravitation (definition and equation, F = GmM/r2 ) as we memorize it now and according to Rothleintner........
Keyword: Principia, Gravitation, Newton, Boys, Falling bodies

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Ajay Sharma "The historical aspects of origin and escalation of law of gravitation" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The rapid development of computer networks in the past decades has created many security problems related to malware on network systems. Malware can create successful attempts to cause the damage to the computer networks by unauthorized malwares. From the previous research we have found that it is easy to classify the known malware attack, but quite difficult to detect new malware and modify anomalous malware attack. The huge amount of data is due primarily to malware author's polymorphism. In order to effectively examine such data, all malware data belonging to the same family (class) should be found. In our case, it analyses the behaviour of data, and then this data is considered as normal based on the built model behaviour. Most of the existing malware classification systems rely heavily on human analysts to measure Log loss to differentiate between malware. With the increase in network traffic, manual work by humans in the classification system is a non-trivial problem. Thus, machine learning techniques are fast emerging, where we can train the system and even detect anomaly attacks. Microsoft Kaggle dataset has been used to train the model. Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost Classifier are used..
Keyword: Machine Learning, Malware, Malware Classification, Microsoft Kaggle Dataset, XGBoost Classifier, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, LogLoss

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Sareen Fathima, Suzaifa, Abdul Khader "Comparative Analysis of Malware Classification using Machine Learning Algorithms" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

There are various methods that can be adopted for product development starting from the waterfall model to prototyping to Agile. Agile Methodology is particularly a method to effectively manage the product development that predominantly uses a combination of Iterative development and prototyping for a variety of industrial projects. This methodology is essentially used to deliver complex projects due to its ability of adaptiveness. The method focuses on collaboration (presence of various sub teams), flexibility (Due to prototyping) and continuous improvement (By adapting the iterative model) to provide high quality results. To reach its present effectiveness the model uses a variety of deliverables like product vision statement, roadmap, backlog, a release plan, sprint backlogging and regular increment, which would be thoroughly discussed in this paper. Scrum is an agile framework that is used to carry out and implement the ideas effectively provided by the agile software development. This framework was founded by Jeff Sutherland and Ken Schwaber. The reason Scrum is different from other methodologies.
Keyword: Agile, prototyping, Iterative, Scrum, deliverables

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Neha Muralidharan "Is Scrum The Best Of Best?" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The investigations on the railway bridges have become a major part as there is an increased response towards structural health monitoring (SHM). The bridge experiences increasing traffic volume and weight, deteriorating components, and a large number of stress cycles. Therefore, monitoring the present condition of railway bridges is important. The most common approach for structural health monitoring is inspecting it visually. Currently, researchers have observed that the vibration measurement-based structural health monitoring methods provide more realistic predictions, and also they are economical. Railways are large ground transportation and are the primary mode of transport in most of the countries. They have become the primary mode of transport due to their capacity, speed, and reliability. Even a minor....
Keyword: Crack detection, Railway Security, Rail Sensor,Structural health monitoring (SHM), Track Survey

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Jithin P Sajeevan, Mohammed Zeeshan A, Bhoomika H K, Nagesh B M "Railway Security Management System (Bridge Vibration) Based on GSM" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is among the most widely employed welding process in the construction of ATVs since it is more versatile and cost-effective. Armour grade steels are welded conventionally using austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables to eliminate the serious problems of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). Though many grades of ASS consumables are available in the market, most of them are under matching (strength and hardness wise) with UHA steels. Hence, in this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the influence of weld metal ferrite number on tensile properties and hardness of UHA steel joints made by SMAW process. UHA steel plates having 15 mm thickness were welded by SMAW process using five different ASS consumables (having different ferrite....
Keyword: Ultra high hard armour steel, Shielded metal arc welding, Austenitic stainless steel consumable, Tensile Properties, Microstructure.

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V. BALAGURU, Dr. V. BALASUBRAMANIAN, P. SIVAKUMAR "Influence of Weld Metal Ferrite Number on Tensile Properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welded Ultra High Hard Armour Steel Joints" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In subtropical zone, cooling (A/C) is broadly used to give an appropriate warm indoor climate. During activity, numerous boundaries or arrangements may impact the exhibition of the A/C framework. Among them, the inventory vane point is a significant factor, which can impact the energy saving and warm solace level in the involved zone, as indicated by recently related investigations. Nonetheless, it was uncovered that it was hard to get a harmony between these two perspectives. Accordingly, in view of the past investigation, this further examination was directed planning to decide the reasonable point to accomplish the best exhibition. Consequently, the strategy for request inclinations by similitude to an ideal arrangement of air diffuser system Computational Fluid Dynamics approach (CFD).....
Keyword: Air Conditioning System; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Diffuser; Swirl

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Sourabh Verma, Neeraj Agarwal "Effect of Different Operating Parameters on Air Diffuser of Air Conditioning System: A CFD Analysis" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This article presents a novel empirical study for the estimation of the State-of-Charge (SOC) of the Panasonic 18650PF lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell using deep learning models and algorithms with adaptive learning rates. Specifically, we model a vehicle drive cycle designed for training neural networks. Our results suggest that the choice of the optimization algorithm affects the performance of the model and that a Deep Forward Network (DFN) with four hidden layers is the model of optimal capacity when considering 256 units per layer. This optimal DFN is able to estimate the SOC of the 18650PF Li-ion cell with an error smaller than 0.12 % over a 25o C dataset using the Adam optimization algorithm..
Keyword: Deep Learning, Electrical Energy Storage, Li-ion battery, State-of-Charge

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Alexandre Barbosa de Lima, Mauricio B. C. Sales, José Roberto Cardoso "State-of-Charge Estimation of the Panasonic 18650PF Li-ion Cell using Deep Learning Models and Algorithms with Adaptive Learning Rates" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Four plant extracts such as Garlic, Neem, Eucalyptus, Tulsi, and three antagonistic bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.The results clearly showed that all plant extracts were more or less inhibitory to mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis. The effectiveness of extracts increased with increase of their concentration and maximum inhibition was recorded at 10 per cent concentration after 7 days of incubation in vitro. The maximum growth inhibition was obtained in Eucalyptus followed by Garlic and Tulsi. While minimum per cent inhibition was recorded in Neem.The disease incidence was not much reduce by Neem and Tulsi at 10 per cent concentration of 60 days after sowing. The same trend was also found in per cent disease reduction. However, per cent disease reduction in between Eucalyptus and Garlic, Tulsi were.....
Keyword: Lentil, Fusarium, Biagents and Botanical Extract

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Khushboo Dubey "Efficacy of botanicals and bio-agents against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis in vitro and in vivo" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

With the increase of security concerns all over the world, there is an enormous amount of surveillance data that is being produced by various security devices. This enormous information being populated day by day, makes it a monotonous task for the organization to store as well as to process. Here, distributed environment has a vibrant impact on storing and analysing the data. But sharing of information between various devices raises concerns about the security of the information being shared as any foe can intervene and may mislead the surveillance system by either apprehending or meddling the information. There by we propose a secure blockchain based model for making the information unassailable. In this context, we save the files in a distributed ledger technology called IPFS (Inter Planetary File System). IPFS uses encryption for storing data in the form of a merkle tree. Our proposed model includes various strategies and conservation mechanisms, certificate ascendancies, authentication and overturning of certificates to access the stored data, by using various smart contracts..
Keyword: IPFS, Blockchain, Cryptography, Surveillance, Smart Contract

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Soujanya Duvvi, Kondapalli Venkata Ramana "Proof of Storage: A comprehensive framework for Secure Surveillance Storage using Blockchain" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Poultry is one of the most important source of protein, and its cost is appropriate with the low-income, it is characterized by fast multiplying, short life cycle and high production efficiency.[1]. The aim of this project is development of eggs incubator currently deployed for the purpose of reducing the proportion of errors that occur due to either person or the circumstances surrounding the eggs. Also to make it possible to put different types of eggs in the incubator, just after some adjustments in the device. These paper implies an experimental study, adjustments depends on the type of bird, in this project the tungsten lamb is use as alternative of mother heat, fan to provide the necessary ventilation, also some water for proper humidity. Metal cylinders connected by DC motor used for flipping eggs to make sure the heat was distributed, push buttons to enter some information from the user, LCD for the current...
Keyword: Egg incubator, tungsten lamb, Metal cylinders, DC motor, chicken eggs

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Alaa Abdelraeem Mohamed Talha "Development of Egg Incubator with Reduced Errors Through Electronic Means" Vol. 10 - No. 12 (December 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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