Abstract:

In Pharma Industry various reaction schemes are utilized for synthesis of the products. The reactions are Condensation, cyanization, esterification, Chlorination, Bromination and Reduction. In Specifically, to conduct the reduction reaction Hydrogen gas would be essential and it requires high pressure facility. Reduction reaction and high-pressure facility is key structure of all major and minor pharmaceutical industries. Hydrogen gas is having the key property of nonmetallic, odorless, tasteless, highly combustible diatomic gas and pyrophoric. To carryout, the Hydrogen pressure reaction which calls for the isolated condition and safety precaution consist of oxygen and Hydrogen sensors and vent designed with dump tank to release the hydrogen gas. As Hydrogen gas is Pyrophoric in nature and cannot be released into atmospheric directly which calls for the water dip tank for releasing the gas. As an engineering principle.....
Keyword: Dynochem, High pressure vessel, Wastewater reduction at source, Water recycle, Simulation approach.

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Thanigaivelu S, Dr. K. Ramamohan "Integrated approach – Experimentation and Simulation approach to reduce the water consumption and effluent reduction in Pharmaceutical industry" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In wireless, microwave, long distance applications there is a need for low side lobes with narrow beams. The optimization techniques which are inspired from nature are used to reduce the trade-off between side lobe reduction and beamwidth greatly. In this paper, the optimization of SLL is done for 16-element symmetrical linear antenna array using four different optimization techniques GA, BBO, FPA and Jaya Algorithm. The results describe that Jaya Algorithm showed better results compared to other optimization techniques. The convergence rate of Jaya Algorithm is good. It works only on common algorithm parameters like population size, number of iterations unlike other algorithms. It is easy to implement and more effective in providing better results in same number of iterations when compared with other algorithms.
Keyword: Antenna array, Beamwidth, Optimization Algorithms, Sidelobe level.

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M.Supriya, Prof G.V.S.Padma Rao "Comparative Analysis of Optimizing Techniques Used In Linear Antenna Array Designing" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper is concerning the novel Coronavirus that whole world is fighting. 1st|at the start} it absolutely was first ascertained in Wuhan province of China, that is currently fastly spreading round the world. The virus story is extremely sophisticated and therefore the diagnosed was tough. the form of the virus was like crown whereas crown mean Corona, thus its name was known as corona. This virus has totally different type severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, Flu, MERS and contagion. All were dangerous for body of human and every one attacked principally within the season of winter and injury the lungs and alternative tissue of the body..
Keyword: Coronavirus, Spreading, Corona, Severe, Dangerous.

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Mayur Gajghate, Rutuja Gaikwad, Amok Phatak "Research on Covid-19" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper analyses the impact of digitalization on a Loan process, starting from Lead generation to the disbursal of loan. Paper also includes the benefit of adopting digital lending by any organization and how it eases the loan origination and management process for a customer. The paper also focuses on the framework, technologies used and growth of digital lending..
Keyword: Digitalization, Lending, Loan, Technology

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Karshit Takhtani, Mudit Vyas, Taha Khokhawala, Girish Kumar RR "Lending in the Era of Digitalization" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a hinged dominating set if for every vertex u in V-S is adjacent to some vertex v in S and a vertex w in V-S such that (v,w) is not an edge in E. The hinged domination number γh(G) is the minimum size of a hinged dominating set. In this paper, we find the hinge domination of cross product graphs𝐊𝐦×𝐏𝐧, 𝐂𝐦×𝐏𝐧, 𝐊𝐦,𝐫×𝐏𝐧 𝑩𝒎, 𝑩𝒎,𝒏,𝑯𝒎,𝒏and present the relation between hinge domination and domination number of these graphs..
Keyword: Cross product,Domination, Hinge Domination

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Kavitha B N, Indrani Pramod Kelkar "Hinge domination of cross product of special graphs" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, various synthesis methods of zinc ferrites have been reviewed and the effect of the synthesis method and doping, on the structure and magnetic properties of zinc ferrites were studied. Ferrites have used extensively in different fields due to their higher magnetic strength and larger electrical resistance. Reduction in the size of these materials to the nanoscale has expanded their domain of applications. Zinc ferrites remain one of the widely studied materials because of their unique properties such as chemical and thermal stability, and the particle size dependence of magnetic properties. The synthesis procedures and precursor materials were decided the size, structure, shape, and magnetic strength of these materials. The magnetic properties of nano ferrites depend on the particle size and the preparation route.
Keyword: Zinc ferrites, Synthesis methods, Microscopy, Particle size, saturation magnetisation

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K. Rajashekhar, J. Laxman Naik, M. Prasad, Ch. Venkateshwarlu, K. Mahesh Kumar "Brief Review on the Effect of Synthesis Method and Doping on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Ferrites" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of Pyridine-dicarboxylic acids (23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35PDA) were recorded in the range 4000-450cm-1 and 4000-50cm-1, respectively. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for all the vibrations using 74-parameter modified valence force field by solving inverse vibrational problem (IVP) employing overlay least-squares technique. This reproduced 39 experimental frequencies of this molecule with an average error of 10.33 cm-1 in zero order calculations. PED and eigen vectors calculated in the process were used to make unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals..
Keyword: FT-IR, FT-Raman and Pyridine dicarboxylic acids.

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J. Laxman Naik, M. Prasad, Ch. Venkateshwarlu "Normal Coordinate Analysis and Vibrational Analysis of Pyridine-Dicarboxylic Acids" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Recently, linear codes constructed from defining sets have been studied widely since they have many applications in cryptography and communication systems. In this paper, we consider a defining set.
Keyword: Linear codes; Gaussian periods; Gauss sums; Cyclotomic numbers; Weight distribution

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Qi Zhong, Yuchao Zhang, Xiangli Kong "The Weight Enumerator for a Class of Linear Codes" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The main focus of this research is to study the strength of concrete with ceramic waste as fine aggregate. Increased construction activity and continuous dependence on conventional materials of concrete marking are leading to scarcity of the material and increased construction cost. In this study an attempt has been made to find the suitability of ceramic fine aggregate as a possible substitute for conventional aggregate in concrete. The ceramic industry is known to generate large amounts of ceramic wastes each year. Reusing these wastes in concrete could be a within situation. So we prefer ceramic waste to increase the strength and stability of concrete. The abstract should summarize the content of the paper. This paper presents the behavior of concrete with partial replacement of sand by ceramic at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Cubes and cylinders are tested after 3, 7 and 28days of curing to obtained compressive strength and split tensile strength respectively. Data presented include the compressive strength, split tensile strength of concrete specimen with and without ceramic waste..
Keyword: ceramic waste, compressive strength, split tensile strength..

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Smt. Swathi D.P, Jeroosha Julius D "An Experimental Study on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Sand with Ceramic Waste" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The modern project solution, which has been implemented on the coal combustion system in Thermal Power Plant Tuzla Unit 6, has enabled the application of low emission concept of combustion and reduction of ash slugging on walls of combustion furnace, but analysis of the operation of boiler has shown significant deviations of the characteristic operating parameters obtained by the exploitation measurements compared to their design values. Previous CFD analysis that has been conducted on the aero-mixture channel and low emission burner has shown that current system of aero-mixture separation has a complex impact on combustion process inside the furnace. In order to determine the scope of the proper coal distribution in the specific boiler furnace on the combustion process, results of previous CFD analysis in combination with data obtained with classical mathematical models, have been used....
Keyword: pulverised-coal boiler, coal combustion process, NOX emissions, fireside corrosion

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Nedim Ganibegović, Indira Buljubašić, Amel Mešić, Izudin Delić "Numerical Prediction of Risk Areas for Low Oxygen Corrosion Damages in Furnace of the Retrofitted Tangentially Fired Boiler" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Dynamic architecture is an important step ahead of the architecture of the future development of increasingly widespread works. The idea of dynamic architecture was derived with the desire to have buildings that adjust themselves to life, which are part of nature our building in which roof changes their shape continuously and never looks the same. I call them buildings designed by time shaped by life to imagine a roof of the building that can deformation in shape according to needs and whims, allowing them to decide their light exposition and view to the sky. Architecture seems....
Keyword: Truss system, cable system, Hydraulic jack, dynamic flow.

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Sai Kumar, Indhu, Akash Raja "DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FOR AIRPORT- study on structural features of Kempegowda International airport (KIA), Bangalore" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

A different types of heat exchanger are used in every industry and power plant. In that shell and tube heat exchanger are used mostly for different applications. Normally to generate heat transfer rate, we used base fluid in heat exchanger but Nano fluid also used as a heat transfer fluid used in shell and tube heat exchanger and that perform very well of shell and tube heat exchanger. Normally, nano particle have a different size, shape and volume concentration affect the performance of the work. In this paper, different volume concentrations of SiO2 - water and ZnO - water nanofluid is compared with basefluid and studied. where inlet and outlet temperature, friction factor, heat transfer rate and pressure drop are studied. In shell and tube heat exchanger, effect of different parameter on heat transfer enhancement....
Keyword: Shell and tube heat exchanger; SiO2-water nanofluid; ZnO- water nanofluid; volume concentration; heat transfer rate and pressure drop

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Mitesh Sharma, Dr. Diptesh Patel "Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Nano Fluid" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Under some circumstances, an experiment may be difficult to implement, or a mathematical formula may be difficult to compute. This then motivated us to develop a predicting model for dealing with such difficult problems. In this paper, the prediction of complicated mathematical problems is given by machine learning of KNN (K nearest neighbors) regression. The KNN algorithm belongs to machine learning, which plays an important role in artificial intelligence. It can be applied to both classification and regression. This study utilizes it for regression. The procedures are divided into two stages, which are learning and predicting. As the KNN regression is well trained, it can predict results of complicated mathematical problems accurately.
Keyword: machine learning, K nearest neighbors, classification, regression, mathematics

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Kun-Chou Lee,Chieh-Hsin Lee "Prediction of Complicated Mathematical Problems by Machine Learning of KNN Regression" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In today's age, new developments are constantly occurring in the internet world. These developments, such as the number of internet users and the increase in web applications, have brought some risks in a matter called data security. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), a tool used for data and network security, prevent attacks on secure internal networks by developing specific simulations. In addition, it detects unexpected login and access requests and successfully removes threats. In recent history, many researchers have been working on safer IDS to prevent these threats. However, there is a limited number of performance comparisons of IDS machine learning techniques. Different techniques have been studied in the applications. Machine learning techniques such as decision trees, neural networks, random....
Keyword: Intrusion Detection Systems, Machine Learning, K-nearest neighbor, Data Mining

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Ufuk Murtaza, Prof. Dr. Zafer ASLAN "Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques Used in Intrusion Detection Systems" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

As the quote by Vitruvius indicates, designing buildings in harmony with their climates is an age-old idea. To design in conformity with climate, the designer needs to understand the microclimate of the site, since all cli-matic experience of both people and buildings is at this level. Besides adjusting the building design to the cli-mate, it is also possible, to a limited extent, to adjust the climate to the needs of the building. We cannot agree with Mark Twain when he said, "Everyone talks about the weather but no one does anything about it." It is easy to see how man changes the microclimate by such acts as replacing farmland and forest with the hard and massive materials of cities, irrigating a desert and making it a humid area, and constructing high-rise buildings to form windy canyons. Unfortunately, these changes in the microclimate are rarely beneficial since they are usually done without concern for the consequences....
Keyword: building thermal performance, thermal performance, sun path

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Ar. Apoorva Ajmera "Cold Climate Responsive Architecture and Effects of the Sun Path" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this paper an investigation has been performed to analyse the combined influence ofradiation and Hall current for MHD free convective mass and heat transfer flow phenomenonfor a radiate fluid flow along a slanted permeable sheet with hall current having heat source and thermal diffusion in presence of chemical reaction. The solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration fieldare obtained by applying Laplace transform method. The articulations for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are additionally determined. The characteristics and behaviour of fluid velocity, temperature and mass are presented graphicallyfor different pertinent physical parameters.
Keyword: Hall Current; Thermal Radiation; Heat and Mass Transfer; chemical reaction; Thermal Diffusion; Accelerated Inclined Porous Plate.

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Lt. K.K.Prusty, M.Senapati "Unsteady MHD Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of a Radiating Fluid past an Accelerated Inclined Porous Plate in Presence of Hall Current with Chemical Reaction" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs. The main cause of TB is mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to World Health Organization (WHO), it is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. In many cases, TB can be preventable and treatable under the right conditions. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. The development in artificial intelligence algorithm provides an easy way for detecting tuberculosis. In this paper we have conducted a brief survey on various methods of detecting tuberculosis using artificial intelligence. Our aim is to overcome the existing limitations and to develop a mobile application for both Android and IOS to detect TB and produce the result stage-wise which is easy to use and provide higher accuracy..
Keyword: Android, Artificial intelligence, Chest X-ray, IOT, Tuberculosis

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Aurtiselvi. K, Suvathi. B, Padmanaban. K, Ganesh. R, Gowrishankar. K "Tuberculosis Detection Using Artificial Intelligence - A Literature Review" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Reinforced concrete is widely used for various types of structures. The corrosion of reinforcement decreases the strength and the service life of the structures. Reinforced concrete structures constructed in areas with chloride, sulphate and floride content are affected by corrosion. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of chloride induced corrosion on compressive strength of various types of blended concrete. For the experimental investigation blended concrete partially replaced with 10% metakaolin and Fly Ash 10%, 20%,30%, 40%,concrete blended with 10% metakaolin and10%, 20%, 30%, 40% GGBS , concrete blended with 10% metakaolin and 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% Rice Husk Ash are studied. The different concrete cube specimens are corroded in an accelerated corrosion setup. The compressive strength reduction and corresponding degree of corrosion are determined..
Keyword: accelerated corrosion, compressive strength, fly ash, GGBS,Metakaolin, Rice Husk Ash

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Sharada Polusani "Effect of corrosion in different types of blended concrete" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In order to reduce the surging acceleration of ocean fishing boats and improve the comfort of crews, based on the theory of regular wave and irregular wave potential flow, the six- Degree-of-Freedom (6DOF) motion performance, an ocean fishing boats were predicted and analyzed by panel method. The forecasting results show that the motion range of the modified fishing boats is obviously reduced and the seasickness incidence has been significantly improved..
Keyword: Motion response, Heave, Roll, Heading

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Sivabalan Ponnappan, Sivakumar N "Research on Motion Response of The Fishing Boat In Different Heading of Waves" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Firefly Algorithm is a stochastic and meta heuristic approach inspired from nature having a wide range of applications in solving various optimization problems. Firefly Algorithm (FA) suffers from problem of slow convergence speed. This problem can be solved by using modified Firefly algorithm called as Enhanced Firefly Algorithm. By using this algorithm side lobe level can be reduced considerably without appreciable effect on beam width. Low SLL in the radiation pattern of the optimized antenna array can be achieved by considering phase and amplitude of the excitation currents of antennas as variables to be controlled having fixed spacing between inter elements. In this paper SLL of symmetriclinear array antennas is optimized using Enhanced Firefly algorithm (EFA) and its results are compared to that of Genetic Algorithm..
Keyword: beam width, Enhanced Firefly Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, Symmetric linear array antennas, sidelobe level.

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K.N.K.Bhagya Sri, Prof. N.Venkateswara Rao "Optimization of SLL of Linear Array Antennas using Enhanced Firefly Algorithm" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Nose cone is the forward most section of a rocket, guided missile or aircraft. In guided missile nose cone although reduces the drag force, should also serve the purpose of storing and protecting payload (warhead, guiding systems) until the target is reached. In this work an attempt is made to compare two different nose cone profiles with near same payload capacity. The effect of pressure, velocity and various other parameters are analyzed using ANSYS FLUENT software. The analysis will be carried out for two models of nose cone namely Conical and Tangent Ogive nose cone for supersonic flow of different match numbers.
Keyword: Nose cone, lift, drag, match number

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P. KIRAN KUMAR "Analysis of Nose Cone of Missile" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The problem of mixed convection heat transfer and flow of Copper oxide and water nanofluid were studied for different Reynolds numbers and concentrations. The geometry of the simulation is a cylindrical lid-driven cavity with hottop wall and cold bottom wall. The rest of the walls were kept as isolated walls. The top wall is rotating around the axis of the cylinder with a constant angular velocity. The equations were converted to non-dimensional form and the effect of nano particles were implementedby considering the effective Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The case was simulated for Re= 100, 400 and 1000 and nanoparticle mass concentration of 0 to 5%. The results were presented in the form of the isothermal contours and average Nusselt number curves of the top walls for different Re numbers....
Keyword: Convection, Nanofluid, Cavity, Cylindrical Coordinate

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Ebrahim Salahi-Parvin "Simulation of the mixed convection in 3d cylindrical cavity filled with Copper-OxideWater nanofluid" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

As technology advances, the airline industry has also grown rapidly in recent years. During this growth, the feedback from customers had a great importance. Airline companies use the feedback forms they prepare to get feedback from customers. However, due to the long and difficult process of collecting, reviewing these forms they use and taking actions for these forms, the use of social networking areas by customers through technology has increased. Twitter comes to the fore in terms of getting quick feedback from these social sharing areas. Twitter is a good resource for collecting customer feedback tweets and making a sentiment analysis. In this study, a dataset containing tweets for 7 different airlines was studied. As dataset, the dataset with open access in UCI is used. There are tweets about 15000 airlines in this data set. This study was made by using 6 different classification and...
Keyword: Airlines, Twitter, Machine Learning, Artificial Neural Networks

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Ufuk Bezek, Parvaneh SHAMS "Analysis of Airline Tweets by Using Machine Learning Methods" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

PLL is contributing vital role in advancement in electronic and digital communication since 1932. In analog television receivers since at least at late 1930s, phase locked loop horizontal and vertical sweep circuits are locked to synchronization pulses in the broadcast signal. PLL may be implemented either in analog circuit or in digital circuits. Analog and digital PLL circuits consists of four basic element i.e phase detector, low pass filter , variable frequency oscillator and feedback path. There are several variation of PLL, DPLL is one of the variation. This paper gives basic details and design of DPLL by using edge trigger JK as phase detector and NCO in VHDL using Xillinx..
Keyword: DPLL (Digital Phase Locked Loop), PLL (Phase Locked Loop), NCO (Numerically Controlled Oscillator), VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuits Hardware Description Language)

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Anjana Goen, Akarshika Singhal "FPGA Based Digital Phase Locked Loop using VHDL Coding" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Today, with the developing technology, accurate and reliable demand forecasts play an important role in increasing the productivity of businesses. With reliable predictions made for the future, businesses; They have the opportunity to effectively plan sales and marketing activities, price policies, factors related to environmental changes. As in every sector, the issue of demand forecasts in pharmacies has an important place in the health sector. Drugs that play a key role in improving health behaviors and balances deteriorated in human life are increasingly purchased and consumed today. The aim of this study is to estimate the sales amounts in the next periods by using the data for drug purchase in a pharmacy. Thanks to these estimates, storage status of drugs can be taken under control over the drugs..
Keyword: Machine Learning, Forecasting, Time Series, Drug Sales Forecasting

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İlker Poyraz, Ahmet Gürhanlı "Drug Demand Forecasting for Pharmacies with Machine Learning Algorithms" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

CMOS technology is the key element in the development of VLSI systems since it consumes less power. Power optimization has become an overridden concern in deep submicron CMOS technologies. Due to shrink in the size of device, reduction in power consumption and over all power management on the chip are the key challenges. For many designs power optimization is important in order to reduce package cost and to extend battery life. In power optimization leakage also plays a very important role because it has significant fraction in the total power dissipation of VLSI circuits. This paper aims to elaborate the developments and advancements in the area of power optimization of CMOS circuits in deep submicron region. This survey will be useful for the designer for selecting a suitable technique depending upon the requirement...
Keyword: leakage power, low power, voltage scaling, power gating, transistor stacking, adiabatic logic

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K Abdul Munaf, Dr. T.Ramashri "Survey on Power Optimization Techniques for Low Power VLSI Circuit in Active & Standby Mode of Operation" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The Electric Vehicles are making their way in Automotive Sector with the up gradation of the technology. To power the EV a battery is needed and this Battery has to be charged frequently, hence an Onboard charger is needed. The onboard charger should contain a PFC circuit so that the supply or the grid is not affected by the harmonics produced by the charger. A 3-phase 4 wire Vienna rectifier is designed as a PFC circuit because of its ability in improving the Power factor, reduction in the power consumption of switches and decrease in the total harmonic distortion of current. Vienna rectifier has the ability to increase the power density specially, in case of high power DC charging. To control the Vienna rectifier a 3-level SVPWM technique is implemented because of is robustness and dynamic response. The same is simulated in the MATLAB-Simulink Environment, the results were analyzed and it proves that the proposed converter is feasible with good dynamic performance and static performance..
Keyword: Electric Vehicle, On-board Chargers, PFC, Vienna Rectifier, 3-level SVPWM

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Swathi D, Dr Usha P, Winnefred Paul Luke Kingkam Durai "Design and Control Methods of PFC in Onboard Chargers for Electric Vehicles" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The possibility of a covariant formulation of Newton's second law of motion using Energy-Momentum four-vector was explored. This covariant formulation explains the relationships between the electromagnetic potentials and the electromagnetic fields. It successfully explains the observation of pseudo-forces in nature for example the observed up-thrust in a falling frame of reference or a falling lift and the observed centrifugal force in circular motion.
Keyword: Covariance,Electromagnetic Field Tensor,Four- vectors, Minkowski Space time, Relativity

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Dr Dev Raj Mishra "A Brief Study on Covariance of Newtonian Mechanics" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The Auto-motive sector is upgrading itself with new technology and with the theme of being eco-friendly the Electric Vehicles are making their place in this sector. These vehicles are battery fed vehicles and designing a charger that can charge the battery very fast with very little interference to source is required. The PFC circuit is must while designing the charger. For on-board charger the size of the charger should be small and compact meeting the specification specified by the Indian Ministry of Power. Hence a 3-phase, 4-wire vienna rectifier is designed which signifies the advantage of improved Power factor, low power consumption by the switches and also low voltage stress on the switches. This increases the power density of the on-board charger. Firstly the working principle of the Vienna rectifier is designed and a Dual loop PI control is used for the rectifier. The converter is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink and the results prove that the proposed converter is feasible with good dynamic and static performance..
Keyword: Electric Vehicle, On-Board Chargers, PFC, 3-Phase 4-wire Vienna Rectifier, Dual Closed Loop PI control.

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Swathi D, Dr. P Usha, Winnefred Paul Luke Kingkam Durai "Design of On board charger for Electric Vehicle" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In Manufacturing and Construction Industries Welding Fume Extractor is a typical device process where constant shifts in welding location and place makes it easier to monitor contacts to gases than in industry where the rules are cannot be changed. Welders can be exposed to many harmful pollutants in the soil, such as hexavalent chromium (CrVI) and manganese (Mn). One of the efficient and reliable technique called Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is a fumes welding engineering system but was not commonly implemented in most of the construction industries. The recent studies show that Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) can minimize fume exposures to total particulate matter, hexavalent chromium, and...
Keyword: Welding Fume Extractor, Local exhaust ventilation (LEV), emission, Natural Ventilation

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Ridwan, Mahendra Motilal Dhongadi, Kiran Kumar Rokhade "Design Modelling and Analysis of Welding Fume Extractor" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Thermoacoustic refrigerator converts high amplitude sound waves into heat transfer energy without any refrigerant or heavy metal moving parts like piston in compressor of conventional refrigeration system. Due to Montreal and Kyoto protocols more focus got shifted to environmental friendly devices like Thermoacoustic engines that are environmental friendly which does not use harmful gas or any exotic materials. In this study, the resonance of speaker box and resonator are optimized at given specifications of 325W-RMS JBL Speaker such that resonance..
Keyword: Thermoacoustic Refrigerator, Coefficient of Performance, Stack Position, Delta EC, Stack Spacing

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Sandeep Singh Vasir, Dr. Diptesh Patel "Design and Optimization of Stack Position and Stack Spacing in Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The Aim of feedback control is to make the outputs of a system to follow a certain desired function. There exist nonlinear control laws that ensure higher degree of stabilization along with better transients. A variable structure control algorithm is proposed in this paper, which stabilizes the system by switching the system control input among a set of feedback control laws. Each control law uses only one state variable with a fixed plus or minus gain at a time. Hence to realize the proposed Variable Structure Controller for n order system 2n feedback control laws are needed , simulation of fourth order system is done using MATLAB SIMULINK.
Keyword: Variable Structure Control, Sliding Mode, Sliding Sector, Extremum seeking, Lyapunov Function

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Vibha Bhatnagar, Gauri Gupta "Variable Structure Control for Stabilizing a Fourth order System" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Industrial effluents contain heavy metal ions like cadmium(II), chromium(VI), mercury(II), lead(II) etc leads to detrimental effects. Besides polluting the water, they affect the aquatic ecosystem and cause disorders in humans. Treatment of polluted water is imminent since water is a finite resource. Adsorption technique is a widely used treatment process in which activated carbon is used as the adsorbent. The necessity for efficient and economical methods for the elimination of these discharged toxic metal ions has directed studies towards the production of low cost alternatives to commercial activated carbons. Agro waste materials which are discarded could be considered as the alternatives. This paper presents a review of the available literature using biowastes for the removal of chromium(VI) heavy metal ion from aqueous solution..
Keyword: Heavy metal ions, Cr(VI), activated carbon, biowastes, batch studies

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S. Sophie Beulah, K. Muthukumaran "A Review on Chromium (VI) Removal Using Low Cost Biowaste Materials" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research shows how to design and build a low-cost bench lathe machine for acetal material based on the open-source hardware(ARDUINO) and software(Arduino IDE). The bench lathe machine has been dependent on the principle of stepper motor motion control using the Arduino Uno microcontroller and stepper motor driver. The objectives of this paper are to design and develop the bench lathe which can be easily controlled by using open source software(Arduino IDE).this bench lathe machine is having two-axis(X-axis and Y-axis) to control the motion of the cutting tool. this two-axis movement control two stepper motors which are controlled by the Arduino Uno controller board. This machine has another one stepper motor to control workpiece rotation..
Keyword: Bench lathe, , design of lathe, Arduino,Acetal material, Stepper Motor

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Kaushar chavada, Abhishek panchal, Nouman qureshi, praduymn parmar "Design and Developement of Bench Lathe for Acetal Material" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads tothewastageofwater.Thoughtherearemanysolutions to it like ball valves which automatically stop the water flow once the tank gets full and transistor based which sends low electricity into water. But to monitor the live water level is not possible, so here is a mechanism that will detect the water level and will send the water percentage inside the tank tocloud. This water level indicator with IOT is very useful to live monitorthewaterlevelsinatank.Thismechanismdon't need of passing of electricity into water tank, a floater is used to measure the water level in the tank. This Water Level Indicator Sensor is a simple low cost mechanism which is connected to Internet and the user can live monitor the water inLAN/WAN..
Keyword: Most reliable, Water Level Indicator, IOT, ESP8266, innovation.

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PabbathiSaiteja, Sumagna Patnaik "Water Level Monitoring Sensor" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, the design of Proportional Integral (PI) control based quad buck-boost converter with a single switch with continual input and output current is presented. In contrast to typical buck-boost converters proposed converter has a large scale conversion ratio of voltage with same duty cycle. The converter proposed is constructed and analyzed with a Proportional-Integral /PIC controller and it is compared with the quad buck-boost converter without a controller (open loop). Ultimately the research of the quad buck-boost converter is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software, outcome is documented to authenticate the effectualness of output voltage control in Quad buck-boost converter in both step-down-up mode where the input voltage is varied to different values with and without PIC controller and a comparative analysis is carried out to check the maintenance of constant output voltage, to reduce overshoot, settling time..
Keyword: Output Voltage, Proportional Integral (PI) Controller, Quad buck-boost, Single switch

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Lahari S, Dr. Dhanalakshmi R "Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller for Quad Buck-Boost Converter with Single Switch" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, Active switched capacitor effectively enhances the voltage by producing maximum voltage gain with minimum duty cycle in the high gain DC–DC circuit due to the presence of combination of LC network. The proposed circuit is the modification of conventional high gain converter to overcome drawbacks and proposed network is simple as it requires a low number of switch components and also the voltage stress on the diodes, capacitor and switches are reduced compared to base circuit. This paper presents the system design, operation of the proposed system and the comparison with base network is presented. Performance is verified by simulating circuit using MATLAB software for the proposed system.
Keyword: Active switched capacitor network, Duty cycle, High gain DC-DC converter, Voltage gain, Voltage stress

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Sowmya D, Dhanalakshmi R "Design and Analysis of High Gain DC-DC Converter with a combination of LC Network" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Object detection systems are generally used to analyze and describe the motion of objects. Moving object detection and video tracking capture events in the scene. The aim is to use the top level application to track, identify and count moving objects. Pedestrian tracking algorithm will be used as a time frame difference to detect moving objects that move through specific area using CCTV. The system will be capable of counting different objects in a streamed video.
Keyword: counting moving object, counting moving car, apply CCTV to counting entries, smart CCTV.

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Ahmad A. Sacor, AmjadF. Hajjar "Detection, Tracking and Counting of Moving Pedestrian" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a type of concrete which is dry in nature and has no slump. Traditionally, high volumes of fly ash were used as cement replacement material in RCC. However, fly ash is gradually becoming scarce and can be quasi-inexistent in some regions. The usage of limestone powder is highly encouraged for its positive effects on the environment, availability, and affordable prices. Hydraulic concrete structures such as dams are at high risk of leaching calcium ions. The influence of high-volume limestone powder on the calcium leaching resistance and mechanical performance of RCC was investigated. Both limestone powder and fly ash in high volumes were used in the mix designs. A water-to-binder ratio of 0.5 was kept constant and 0.6% of..
Keyword: Roller compacted concrete, high-volume limestone powder, fly ash, calcium leaching resistance, dilution effect.

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Emmanuel Wayne Sookree, Zhuye Huang, Emannuel Gezahegn Tokon "Effect of High-Volume Limestone Powder and Fly Ash on the Calcium Leaching Resistance of Roller Compacted Concrete" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Cloud computing in plain words is the use of servers located remotely through the internet to save, monitor, and handle the data instead of using the server located locally or any personal workstation. The top reason for using the cloud is providing data access from anywhere. The public cloud computing in global market is projected to hit $330 billion, and about one-third of the budget of a company goes to cloud services, according to recent figures. But the main setbacks to cloud adoption are privacy and security. Some of the cloud security elements are data Integrity, confidentiality, availability, and privacy. This paper presents the extensive survey on the data confidentiality in the cloud, its issues and discusses some of the encryption techniques used and obfuscation techniques to make data more difficult to interpret which ensures the data confidentiality in the cloud, and also prevents unauthorized data access thus, ensuring that only the person who has the permission can access the data..
Keyword: cloud computing, public cloud, data confidentiality, encryption, and obfuscation techniques

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Manasa V, Dr. Jayaram M N "Survey on Cloud Computing: A Concept and its Data confidentiality" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The aim of this research is to study behavior of the microcrystalline Al-Si alloys modified with antimony (Sb) and strontium (Sr) at high temperature deformation and the impact of the the deformation velocity and temperature. The plasticity of alloys is determined by the relative elongation..
Keyword: eutectic modification, transmission microscopy, high temperature deformation, Al-Si based alloy

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Yana Mourdjeva, Nikolay Djulgerov "The Influence of Deformation Velocity and Temperature on High-Temperature Plasticity of Modified Alloys with Microcrystalline Structure" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The paper employs deep learning to classify breast cancer histopathological image into normal, benign and malignant subclasses in situ carcinoma and invasivecarcinoma categories. The classification is mainly based on cells' density, variability, and organization along with overall tissue structure and morphology. Smaller and larger patches of histological images are extracted that includes cell-level and tissue-level features. Here, Patches are screened by Clustering algorithm and CNN is used to select the discriminative patches. The proposed approach is applied to the multi-class classification of breast cancer histology images.It achieves initial test achieves of 95% accuracy and on the overall test,88.89% accuracy.
Keyword: Breast cancer histology images, CNN, image classification.

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R Gayathri, R Latha "Characterization Breast Cancer Histology Images using Deep Learning" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Human activity recognition (HAR) system has a remarkable contribution in developing smart home systems. Thus it is one of the prominent research areas for ubiquitous computing. HAR systems are based on three important aspects .Foremost aspect is to capture human behaviors through sensors. Second and most crucial aspect is extraction of relevant features from data captured via sensors. Last task is classification to recognize which human activity has taken place. Each aspect of HAR poses challenges which are yet to be solved. This paper enlightens state-of-art methods and research work carried in this field by carrying a literature survey. This paper describes each of prominent research models by highlighting their methodology, uniqueness and research gaps. Furthermore this review represents comparative study and result findings of discussed existing techniques.
Keyword: Artificial Intelligence, Deep learning, Human Activity Recognition, Machine Learning, Neural Network

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Palak Rehan, Kapil Sharma "Human Activity Recognition Using Prominent Art-Of-Techniques" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper presents a formation control of multi-sonar equipped mobile robots with large obstacle avoidance. Based on our previous navigation techniques, new strategies for avoiding large sized obstacles and reinforce modules are newly introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is demonstrated in the experiments using three real mobile robots with three types of obstacles; longitudinal-ellipsoid, lateral-ellipsoid and wall obstacles..
Keyword: Formation control, leader-follower method, obstacle avoidance, sonar assignment

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Atsushi Fujimori, Atsushi Hosono, Shinji Kuratani, Shinsuke Oh-hara "Formation Control of Multi-Sonar Equipped Mobile Robots and Large Obstacle Avoidance" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This review involves design and over view of plastic compression moulding machine. The machine employs the principle of heating and pressing. The machine is designed using locally available raw material which make it cheap and easy to maintain. This machine requires ability to understand operations, electrical skill and welding skill. Thierry, et al [1] the mold for manufacturing plastic products, includes press plate and movable block. These works in a direction that reduces a volume of the molding chamber in an opposite direction. Depending upon the shape of die different products can be made. The machine helps in bringing down the plastic wastes in land fields which....
Keyword: Plastic waste granules, recycling, compression moulding

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Prof. Savan Fefar, Dhandhukiya Meet, Patel Vatsal, Jadav Meet, Sheladiya Pragnesh "To Design and Develop Portable Compression Moulding Machine -A Review" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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With the internet being a common workplace, web applications which are stored in the remote server, delivered, and serviced through the browser interface is used almost as a tool in every business. The surge in the use of web applications is also leading to web application vulnerabilities. A security vulnerability in a web application refers to a misconfiguration in the application code, web servers, application design flaws which an attacker can use to gain full or partial access to the system and exploit the system. Web application vulnerabilities are encountered due improper security headers, broken authentication, account lockout, Injection and Cross Site Request Forgery attacks. Many tools are used to find such vulnerabilities from port level to application level. The concept is to find vulnerabilities from the initial stages of the product cycle itself rather than finding at the end. For the same purpose tools such as Nessus scanner for port level scanning, Zed Attack Proxy for application level of scanning are used. Application specific test cases are written to find vulnerabilities which cannot be found using the tools. This process can be termed as Development-security- operations in the big picture.
Keyword: Web-application vulnerabilities, Development-Security-Operations

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Manasa E, Dr. Jayaram M N "Detecting Security Vulnerabilities and Gaps in Web Applications with DevSecOps" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The resuspension of particles in the ventilation ducts and the human walking activity are important sources of indoor particles. The resuspension of particles will seriously affect people's health. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influencing factors of the resuspension of particles and then study its control strategy. In order to study the influencing factors of particulate matter resuspension in the indoor environment, this paper adopts the method of experimental research, through the design of the ventilation duct particulate matter suspension experimental platform, with aluminum oxide and silica particles as the research objects, and the flow rate, surface roughness and humiditywere discussed through experimental research. The experimental results show that the type of particulate matter has no obvious effect on the particulate matter suspension rate, and the reuspension rate is the largest at a flow rate of 2m/s. In addition, surface roughness has an important influence on the resuspension of particles..
Keyword: Humidity, surface roughness, ventilation duct, resuspension

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Huadong Yang, Zhen Li "Experimental Study on Resuspension of Particles in Ventilation Ducts" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Wireless domain is constantly asking for more data rates for incorporating more high speed applications. This growing demand has invoked the need of new spectrum and higher bandwidth which will satisfy future demands. Terahertz spectrum is one such candidate ranging from 0.1-10THz. As this spectrum is not allocated much other than astronomy and pharma sector, it is beneficial for solving the spectrum scarcity problem. THz link also supports Tbps data rates making it more attractive. This paper surveys various challenges and solutions in THz communication development. The challenges include difficult generation methods, transceiver design, antenna designs, channel modelling development etc. it also addresses few solutions found in the literature. Few of them are still in the experimentation phase. Thus this area opens many new horizons for research as well.
Keyword: Beyond 5G wireless communication,Graphene,Terahertz, Ultra massive MIMO

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Mrs. Leena Rohan Mehta "Terahertz communication-Path towards beyond 5G: A Survey" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In association with upcoming energy demand and fossil fuel crises fastidiously in India; Co–firing i.e. combustion of coal and biomass (rice husk) is gaining considerable attention. The leftover during the process is termed as composite ash consisting amorphous silica as major component. As reputable, Zeolites or Molecular sieves are crystalline hydrated alumino-silicate resin historically known for its unique permeable bare bones which is also an overruling material as ion exchanger, adsorbent and catalyst in chemical reaction. Synthesis of MS-4A from composite ash, silver doping, its physicochemical and analytical characterizations as well as antimicrobial activity are reported in this paper......
Keyword: Composite ash, MS 4A, Silver, Antibacterial, Waste

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Meshram S. U., Amrutkar P. Y., Mahajan A. S., Badwe A. P. "Silver doped micro porous Zeolitic materials for antimicrobial applications" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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For a Machine Learning task, selecting a suitable algorithm to work with is one of the most important steps. To find the appropriate algorithm for the dataset, a user might conduct experiments with a variety of algorithms, another way is to consult machine learning experts. The former solution is time consuming and may not be sufficient and the latter may not be practical in several cases. The Web application developed in this project reduces the time required to carry out the manual analysis. Algorithms from three classes of ML problem domains are embedded in the application, it generates a ranked list of algorithms with their performances on the dataset supplied by the user. The web application uses HTML and CSS for the UI and Flask Framework to embed the algorithms..
Keyword: Classification, Clustering, Performance Metric, Regression

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Vaishali Shirodkar, Navjeet Pattali, Aditya Tari, Ankur Yadav "Web Application Model to Compare and Suggest Machine Learning Algorithm" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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It is very important to study the effects of lateral displacements induced from earthquakes. Concrete shear walls are used to resist the lateral displacement due to earthquake. Shear walls can be placed around the building as periphery walls, around the lift and beside the staircase. In This Paper The Analytical Study On The Lateral Behaviour Of The Structure Is Mainly Concentrated And How It Is Varying In The Different Zones Of Zone II, III, and IV&V With Different Storey Heights Of G+ 10, G+ 15, And G+ 20. The Study Involves The Orientation Of Shear Wall. The Buildings Are Modelled With Floor Area Of 91mx60m. With 11 Bays Along 91m Span and 11 Bays Along 60m And Each Bay Width Of 9m and 6m .The Lateral Displacement of the Structure Is Compared In General frame, shear wall and bracing frame. The Lateral Displacement Values Of Current Floor Level To Another Floor Level Should Reach Storey Drift .The Design Loads Values Are Calculated From The Standard Is Codes Of IS 456-2000, IS 1893- IN 2000.The Analysis Is Done In Staadprov8i..
Keyword: Equivalent static method, shear wall and bracings, lateral displacement, staadproV8

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M.Hemanth, MSrinivasRao. "Study on Seismic Effect on High Rise Buildings with a Combination of Bracings and Shear Wall" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Robots is a humanoid machine that performs a specified task based on its displacements in workspace by satisfying the constraints like structure, geometry, and dynamics rotational systems. Control of robot motion is known as motion planning which becomes active research topics. Navigation control of the mobile robots are explored for tracking and selecting the optimal path. In path planning, achievement of collision free path is by smooth travel between initial and final points of rotational axes. The organized path is then tracked for rapid and reliable communication process. Degree of freedom is one of the main criteria for enhancing the navigation controls of mobile robotic motion. This....
Keyword: Robots, Collision free, Artificial intelligence, Degrees of Freedom, Navigation control

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... "Review of Designing a Mobile Robotic Model by Using More Number of DOFS to Enhance the Robotic Motion" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The electricity distribution system tends to be unbalanced due to the presence of single-phase electrical charges and also due to the dynamic behavior of the radial circuits. Such serious imbalances, in addition to compromising the distribution of energy, can also interfere in the normal mode of operation of the active components in the network (electrical transformers, etc.) and shorten the useful life of the cables that make up the network. The objective of this work is to demonstrate by simulation the benefits brought by the adoption of automation in the execution of the load balancing task, however for greater efficiency of the assets and improvement of the supply quality, the present work defends the logical use for the search of the best redistribution of single-phase loads connected to the distribution network, including the fuzzy logic to support decision making and interpretation of dynamic load behavior, as well as the search optimization method for the best allocation of single-phase loads (consumer units) advocates the adoption of an algorithm based on the simplex model. The results found through the techniques employed, allow a better distribution of loads through the distribution network, reducing the risks for the people involved in the execution of the task in the field and obtaining improvements in the tension profile due to the load imbalance...
Keyword: Computational Intelligence,Fuzzy Logic,Load Balancing,Secondary Distribution Network, Simplex

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Alex Sander Leocádio Dias, Manoel Henrique Reis Nascimento, Jorge Almeida Brito Júnior, Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Freitas, Ricardo Silva Parente, Jandecy Cabral Leite "Automatic Balancing System of Connected Single Phase Units in the Low Voltage Distribution Network" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper a dynamic phasor estimation algorithm is discussed with the help of tensor product, the proposed algorithm can have many qualities for dynamic conditions, it can have great simplicity as well as great robustness for dynamic as well for pure sine waves, phasor estimation process follows some simple procedure based on tensor product and linear algebra. The potential of proposed phasor estimation algorithm is tested for different dynamic/noisy events as per IEEE C37.118.1-2011 standards, by observing the results it can be said that the algorithm can perform well for dynamic/noisy conditions, the great advantages of algorithm can be its simple procedure of implementation, it can also be based on simple equations, which can make it easy to realize. For signal conditions like ramp event, modulation event, step event, as well noisy event the propose algorithm can have tremendous robustness and performance. Its simplicity and robustness can make the algorithm best suited for Wide Area Monitoring for measuring current as well voltage signal having various disturbances..
Keyword: Tensor product, phasor measurement units, wide area monitoring, smart grids

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Shivashish Shukla, Swatantra Singh Verma "Potential of Phasor Estimation Algorithm using Tensor Product - A Review" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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With the increase in the number of electronic loads, also known as sensitive loads the consideration of power quality has increased rapidly. With many latest technological advancements, the quality of power that comes to the consumer becomes a necessary requirement. Various researches are going on to use the flexible AC transmission system devices at the consumer ends also known as custom power devices to improve the power quality. This paper discusses the various aspects of designing a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to be used to protect the sensitive loads from faults which causes voltage sag problems.various algorithms of voltage sag detection and generation of compensating voltage are being discussed.
Keyword: custom power devices,dynamic voltage restorer, voltage sag, power quality problem, sag detection algorithms

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Abhishek Kumar Singh, Deman Kosale "Voltage sag detection and control using Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR): A Review" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads tothewastageofwater.Thoughtherearemanysolutions to it like ball valves which automatically stop the water flow once the tank gets full and transistor based which sends low electricity into water. But to monitor the live water level is not possible, so here is a mechanism that will detect the water level and will send the water percentage inside the tank tocloud. This water level indicator with IOT is very useful to live monitorthewaterlevelsinatank.Thismechanismdon't need of passing of electricity into water tank, a floater is used to measure the water level in the tank. This Water Level Indicator Sensor is a simple low cost mechanism which is connected to Internet and the user can live monitor the water inLAN/WAN..
Keyword: Most reliable, Water Level Indicator, IOT, innovation

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PabbathiSaiteja, Sumagna Patnaik "Water Level Monitoring Sensor" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The number of vehicles has been increased due to growth of population, industrialization and urbanization. Due to increase in number of vehicles movement it causes 60% of air pollution is being triggered in nearby regions. The assessment of each situation must be required to anticipate the quality of air in urban areas, with the intention to sustain the levels of air quality with the permissible limits by means of measuring the certain traffic management. In this study, the area chosen was the National Highway which was located between Tambaram and Chengalpet, in Tamil Nadu. India. The amount of Carbon Monoxide pollutant was investigated at 6 locations and in each location, the air quality performance was examined. All the concentration values of Carbon Monoxide pollutant were checked with the reference of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the CO values were projected by means of CALINE4, AERMOD and SRMLS Model. From the research, it was concluded that SRMLS Model performs superior to the CALINE4 and AERMOD. The assessment of the viable dating among the Concentration of CO pollutant with the traffic parameters such as flow of traffic, classification of vehicles was done.....
Keyword: CO pollution, Modelling, Traffic parameters, CALINE4, AERMOD, SRMLS

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S. Aruna, M.G. Prathap, J.S. Sudarsan "Estimating Ambient Air Quality of National Highway in the Outskirts of Chennai, South India using Air Quality Models" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Despite the vast advancement in science and modern technology, disease carrying mosquitoes are still hard to control and have caused damages, sufferings and deaths around the globe. In recent years, many research efforts have been put into the automation of insect species recognition to improve mosquito surveillance efficiency. These works commonly utilize the wing-beat or wing-flap characteristics obtained from optical or acoustic sensors to accurately predict the species or type of insect via modern classification techniques. However, instead of conventional acoustic or optical based sensor, this paper demonstrates a novel capacitive sensor for sensing mosquito wing-beat. The proposed sensor uses the electrocuting grids of an insect zapper as the sensing elements for detecting mosquito wing-beat. This sensing method opens a new possibility in utilizing electrocuting grid to selectively kill insects of a specific species or type. This paper highlights the initial design of this sensor and its performance with live mosquito samples.
Keyword: Capacitive Sensor, Insect Species Recognition, Insect Surveillance, Insect Trap, Intelligent Trap, Smart Trap, Wing-beat Sensor

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Brendan Khoo T. T., Muralindran M., Rosalyn R. P., W. W. Kitt "Capacitive Mosquito Wing-beat Sensor: A Novel Sensor for Intelligent Traps" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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A substantial portion of energy use is expended on heating and cooling of buildings. geothermal technology has considerable ability to generate and produce both thermal and electrical power to supply residential and industrial buildings. Some of the most exciting renewable technologies of thermal control for buildings are low geothermal energy, which uses nearly steady and mild ground temperatures as either a heat source or a tank during the year. This research aims to study the potential of producing energy for buildings from near geothermal sources to the building. The analysis of the case studies presented show examples of residential and office buildings in Jordanian that applied a geothermal system and obtained a reliable sourse of power. The results showe that geothermal power systems in buildings at a depth of 20 meters is sufficient to gain the energy needed for a mediam size residential building with an area up to 300 square meters. applying geothermal energy system for existing buildings by drilling the well is alsopossible in the building setbacks.
Keyword: renewable energy, geothermal system, Jordan

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Al Armoti, Takyaldeen, J. Qusai, Firas Sharaf "The Effective of Geothermal Energy in Buildings: A case study in Madaba city in Jordan" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Path detection is one of the challenging problems. It has attracted the attention of computer vision for several years.Essentially path detection problem that has become a real challenge for computer vision.Although many Deep Learning techniques are used for path detection they are mainly used for classification rather than feature design.But modern Deep Learning methods can identify the features and succeeded in feature detection.However, these methods are not been fully implemented in efficiency and accuracy of lane detection.Inthis Paper we propose a new method to solve it.We introduce a new method of preprocessing and Bird eye view of the path. The main goal is to use the HSL(hue,saturation and lightness) colour transformation to extract the white features and odd preliminary edge feature detection in the preprocessing stage and select bird eye view region based on preprocessed image.The new preprocessing method is used to detect the lane.Many papers have used certain standard datasets and not released their source code publicly.We used public dataset which everyone can play around and people can see the code in this github link https://github.com/GSaiDheeraj/Path-Detection.
Keyword: ...

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𝐺𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑖 𝑆𝑎𝑖 𝐷ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑗, 𝐾.𝐵.𝑉.𝐿𝑎𝑘𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑖 "Path Detection Based on Bird Eye View with Feature Extraction" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper deals with the development of a client server based model for monitoring the various body signals such as body temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood pressure, designed using two ESP 32 Node MCU boards, one as server while other acts as client. The data acquisition system has been developed on server side using Node MCU. The necessary signal conditioning circuit has been designed for processing various body signals using off the shelf components in the laboratory. Acquired data is represented on client side either on OLED or on PC, Mobile web server. Server model creates its own wireless network so that other Wi-Fi devices automatically access server data just by entering IP address. Client model is set as station using another Node MCU. The result shows the effective use of Wi-Fi technology to access various body signals. The designed system provide advantage of low complexity, low power consumption and highly portable for body signals monitoring of patient at remote places..
Keyword: Body signal, Data acquisition system, Node MCU, Web server

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R. K. Parate, S. J. Sharma "Design of a Client Server Based Body Signal Monitoring System" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Experiment is conducted to investigation the single phase forced flow convection by using working fluid as water and ethanol following through a microchannel with rectangular cross-section .A fully developed turbulent convection regime is found to be initiate about Re= 100~1500. The fully developed turbulent heat transfer can be predicated by well known Dittus-Boelter correlation by modifying the empirical constant coefficient from 0.023 to 0.00805. the calculated results are quite good with the experimental data the transition and the laminar heat transfer behaviour in microchannel are very unusual and complex and strong effected by liquid temperature, velocity and microchannel size.
Keyword: Heat transfer, Micro channels, liquid fluid, forced convection, heat transfer

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Rhushita H Dharmapal, subhashkumar "Experimental Investigation for Heat Transfer of Microchannels by Liquid Forced Convection" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Power supply (mains) from power generating stations and the alternative sources has become part of life especially in the developing countries such as Nigeria. The need to transfer services from mains supply to alternative power source such as generator set when mains fails can hardly be over emphasized. The incessant power outage from mains as well as unstable voltage and power surge of the mains which have destroyed numerous expensive loads in the system for the short time it is available have been addressed. The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for a single phase electric power generator has been designed to enable automatic operation and power supply transfer between a public utility supply (mains) and a power generator. The automatic changeover switch designed, implemented and tested in this work is a single phase type that is compatible for single phase electrical generators. The main components were electromagnetic relays and integrated circuits. In addition to performing....
Keyword: Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), Generator Cut off, Overvoltage protection, Voltage sensing and Change over relay.

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Ahmed R. Salihu, Victory C. Madueme, Onyinyechi A. Chidolue "Automatic Transfer Switch with a Generator Cut off, under voltage and Overvoltage Protection Device" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper presents a single phase bridgeless resonant ac-dc converter. By using a bidirectional switch, we expel a full-bridge diode rectifier from the grid side of the proposed converter and in this way it decreases the number of components used and reduces the conduction loss in the primary side. To adjust the converter to 1-kW power applications with a bidirectional switch, we utilized a series resonant circuit in the secondary side. The series resonant circuit gives zero-current switching turn-off at the output diode, and consequently reduces the reverse recovery loss. In following, the principle of operation of the proposed converter are explained, the proposed converter operates in continuous conduction mode and achieves high power factor of 0.9. Simulation results of open loop and closed loop systems are developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results of proposed converter are compared with the theoretical results.
Keyword: ac-dc power conversion, bidirectional switch, bridgeless converter, continuous conduction mode

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Monica S, Dr. P Usha "Closed Loop Control of Single Phase Bridgeless Resonant AC-DC Converter" Vol. 10 - No. 7 (July 2020), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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