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The main goal of this paper is to introduce and investigate the results of cordial decomposition and cordial decomposition number (G) C  of a graphs. Also investigate some bounds of (G) C  in product graphs like Cartesian product, composition etc..
Keyword: Decomposition, labeling, cordial graphs, cordial decomposition and prime decomposition number

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P.M.SUDHA, P.SENTHILKUMAR, S.VENGATAASALAM "Cordial Decomposition in Various Graphs" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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RESUME Le contexte climatique ivoirien reste marqué par de profondes mutations de ses paramètres climatiques. Cette situation s'illustre à Gabiadji par une régression de la pluviométrie et un raccourcissement des saisons culturales du cacaoyer, rendant ainsi vulnérable la cacaoculture dans cette importante zone de production nationale. Notre étude vise la caractérisation de la variabilité climatique à Gabiadji et la mise en évidence actualisée des risques climatiques qui pèsent sur ce secteur clé de l'économie ivoirienne. L'approche méthodologique s'est appuyée d'abord sur l'exploitation de l'indice ISP à partir des données issues de quatre stations synoptiques sur la période 1971-2018. Ensuite, les saisons culturales du cacaoyer ont été analysées. L'étude montre que sur la période d'observation, des déficits pluviométriques allant de...
Keyword: Cacaoculture, Climat, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabiadji, Vulnérabilité

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N'DOH ANGE FABRICE, SALEY MAHAMAN BACHIR "Etude de la vulnérabilité de la cacaoculture ivoirienne dans un contexte de variabilité climatique (Le cas de la sous-préfecture de Gabiadji dans le Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire) : L'impérieuse nécessité de repenser le modèle économique ivoirien" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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To minimize leakage and corrosion of reinforcing steel, the design rules prescribe high serviceability criteria as well as strict criteria for water tightness and crack prevention. Considering these demanding constraints, additional emphasis is placed on precisely calculating the governing design forces to satisfy both economic and serviceability requirements. Limited number of studies have been found for seismic analysis of underground water tank considering dynamic soil pressure and soil structure interaction. The purpose of the present study is to understand the behaviour of underground water tank subjected to seismic loading and soil structure interaction and comparison of their output result to understand its behaviour. For the study existing underground water tank have been used and finite element modelling of same tank has been done in ETABS17 for two different soil condition as per IS 1893 part-2-2014.
Keyword: Design Forces, Earth Pressure, Seismic Analysis, Soil Structure Interaction, Underground Water Tank, Water Pressure

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Rahul Dubey, Vaibhav Singh, Vijayant Panday "Seismic Analysis of Underground Water Tank Considering Soil Structure Interaction" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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On March 12, 2020, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) was declared a global pandemic. Because of its quick spread from one person to another, this disease was thought to be more hazardous. Face masks have proven to be a good and effective way to stop the spread of COVID 19. Detection of Face Mask is a challenging problem. This paper proposes the method to solve this challenge by using deep learning. This work uses Multi- Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Network (MTCNN) for detection and identification of face. MobileNetV2 is used as an object detector for mask detection. A total of 3833 images from different data sources were chosen for this work. This is later implemented using Raspberry Pi and pi cam, this setup transmits live video data from a remote location and hence the prediction of wearing mask is accomplished. The amount of information lost in the process is decreased gradually at 20th epoch is 0.0199. The accuracy by which the mask/ no mask detection is increased..
Keyword: Covid-19, Deep Learning, Face Detection, Face Mask Detection, MobileNetV2, MTCNN, Raspberry Pi

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Tanuja R., Mahesh S., S.H. Manjula, Venugopal K. R "Real World Face Mask Detection using MobileNetV2 and Raspberry Pi" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Increasing focus on green energy generation and environmental ecology, expanding the solar power generation and hybrid electric vehicles practice. Higher demand for Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converters in green energy generation and environmental protection areas is the main motivation behind the analysis of NPC converter operation for different modulation Indices and frequencies with which IGBT is turned on and off. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) implemented with the aid of MATLAB Simulink tool for threephase NPC converter operation. Each switching element's power losses and temperature are simulated with the Fuji IGBT Simulator tool. The Systematic method.........
Keyword: Switching losses, Conduction losses, Fuji simulation, Modulation Index

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Mrs. E. Sreeshobha "Analysis of Modulation Index and Switching Frequency Impact On the Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Converter Efficiency" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Modified energy formula E=M*F^2 which I wrote it as: E = M*F1*F2 mentioned in [3] gives 18,712,080,864,000,000 frequency (Universal constant) value for each of our planets (with difference of time). It also gives the same frequency value from Bhaskaras Siddhanta Chiromani [1]. The formula also provides 18,712,080,864,000,000's 3/4th frequency value that is 14,034,060,648,000,000 from 3 different methods 1) Bhaskaras Siddhanta Chiromani [1], 2) from 1st chart and 3) from 3rd chart. This equation is based on Time connecting 1) galaxy (4320000 months as a year) [5], 2)Our planets in 4320000years [5], 3) bosons (100) from BhaskarasSiddhanta Chiromani [1], 4) quarks (10)from 10 long syllable [1] giving universal constant [1] and 3/4th of universal constant [4].
Keyword: Energy, Formula, vacuum, Frequency, Time, Boson.

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Rupa S Pawar "Energy-Frequency Relationship and Energy From Vacuum" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper introduced the concept of digital meter, analyzed the error sources, and summarized its development status and the existing calibration method. The paper study the calibration system based on IEC61850-9 and provided an accurate and safe application method for digital electric energy meter. As one of the most important measurement equipment of the intelligent substation, digital electric energy meter fundamentally resolved the technical bottleneck of traditional substation. During the operation process, measurement accuracy and reliability are related to the safe and stable operation of power system. Based on the literatures related to the digital electric energy meter,

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Fahad Mohammad Abdullah Aldamkhi "Analysis of Present State of the Digital Power Meter Field Calibration Technology" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This article is focused on methods, techniques and tools to assist the development of products and robots that need to work with precision in indoor environments, besides presenting the main technologies related to the subject, with their respective advantages, disadvantages, challenges. Finally, a prototype of a mobile robot will be proposed and developed. Self-driving vehicles have become part of Industry 4.0. The Fourth Revolution is present in all stages of manufacturing a product, with benefits for safety, profitability, quality, assembly and worker well-being. Intelligent mobile robots have the ability to move in predetermined places, autonomously and without running the risk of colliding with other robots or people, being able to reprogram their trajectories, no longer having the need to place markers when along its route. They are able to carry heavy loads, carry out unhealthy tasks and work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Keyword: Control and Automation Engineering, Mobile Robotics, Smart Robots, Beacons, Mobile autonomous robots.

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Marivan Silva Gomes, Railma Lima de Paula, Jandecy Cabral Leite "Development of an Intelligent Mobile Robot Prototype for Indoor Material Transportation" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Cryptomining is a decentralized computational process employed to acquire new coins, validate transactions, and add them to a Blockchain ledger. Their use of cryptography to verify the transfer of assets and secure financial transactions has brought new challenges in cryptomining. One of such challenges is cryptojacking, a type of cybercrime that involves the unauthorized use of people's devices (computers, smartphones, tablets, or even servers) computing power by cybercriminals to generate cryptocurrency. This paper examines Nigeria's precarious digital landscape, especially regarding critical national infrastructures, to determine how proactive it can be shielded from crypto-jacking attacks on the power......
Keyword: Cryptocurrency, Cryptojacking, Cryptomining, Critical National Infrastructure (CNI).

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John Adinya Odey, Agber Terdoofan, Bamidele Ola "The Potential Impact of Cryptojacking on Nigeria's Critical National Infrastructure: A Study of Power And Energy Infrastructure" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of somewhat continuous function. Its relation to various other somewhat continuous functions are investigated.
Keyword: operator  , G(gs)* closed set, somewhat G(gs)* continuous function. 2010, AMS subject classification: 54B05, 54C05

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S. VibinSalimRaj, V. Senthilkumaran, Y. Palaniappan "On Somewhat G(gs)* Continuous Function In Grill Topological Spaces" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this article, the electronic and stability features of double-walled Boron nitrideNano tubes (DWBNNTs) have been studied by density functional theory. The results show that all Nano tubes are semiconductors and have indirect band gaps which the amount of band gap for all these is greater than 2.9 eV. Also, we have investigated the effect a Ga atom encapsulated in DWNNT.Our calculations show that all of the considered Nano tubes have been turned into metal by encapsulation. In addition, the results indicate that encapsulating Ga atoms into DWBNNTs is a good way to make them more stable and modify their electronic properties.
Keyword: double-walled Boron nitrideNano tubes; Density functional theory (DFT); Stability;Encapsulating Ga atom intoNano tubes.

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H. Tarikhchi, A. Torabi, A. Vatankhahan "Tuning Electronic Structures of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes using Ga atom encapsulated" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Natural fiber-based composites are under intensive study due to their eco-friendly nature and peculiar properties. The advantage of natural fibers is their continuous supply, easy and safe handling, and biodegradable nature. Natural fibers exhibit admirable physical and mechanical properties. Pineapple leave fiber (PALF) is one of the natural fibers abundantly available wastes materials in India and has not been studied yet. This research work is carried out a possibility that the incorporation of both particulate filler and fibers in polymer could provide a synergism in terms of improved properties. In view of this, the present research work is undertaken the fabrication of a set of Pineapple...

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Dr. Yogesh. M, Dr. Hari Rao. A. N "Erosion Wear Response of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) Reinforced Vinylester Composites Filled with Alumina (Al2O3)" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Indoor air pollution is the world largest environmental problem in the poor and developing countries like India because India having large number of village and urban areas within state areas. Most of village peoples are not using proper clean fuel for their cooking. The Indoor air pollution in urban areas is continuously increased for the past 3-years, which cause a health related problems like eye irritation, nose, headache, breathing problems and heart problems. The amount of air pollution in indoor is approximately 3 times higher than outside building air(Environment) . This study is deal with analysis the indoor air pollution in USIC building in Madurai Kamaraj University campus, Madurai and to find out whether the air pollution is high or low as compared with Indian standard and WHO.
Keyword: Smart sensitivity sensor, compact sensor, data around world, mini future IOT sensor, polluted air level, pure air inside, dust air concentration, air significant

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Mr.P.Rajkumar B.E. "A Statistical Approach of Indoor Air Pollution Detection in USIC By ANOVA Method" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Thermal power plants are categorized as Major Accident Hazard (MAH) installation since they involve industrial activities related to storage and handling of hazardous chemicals for different process like treatment of raw water. Treatment of raw water in a coal powered thermal power plant is a tedious as well as a hazardous process that involves an intricate and comprehensive process of chemical dosing and purification operation in order to make the raw water's composition suitable to be feed to boiler. Even minor changes in the chemical composition or pH level of boiler feed water can result into early disruptive failure of pipes and boiler tubes due to corrosion and chemical decomposition of metal surface. This research aims to investigate the failure modes of different activities and tasks involved in treatment of raw water in a thermal power plant by using fuzzy Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique to point out the underlying failure modes of different process or machines. The advantage of using fuzzy logic along with FMEA is the apprehension of expert's diverse opinions and views. On the basis of prioritization of risk level of identified failure modes, corrective and preventive recommendations were taken provided to minimize or mitigate the risk involved with failure modes. The outcome of the research is the development of efficient corrective and preventive actions that will help to maintain a heathy and safe working environment in the water treatment plant for a worker..
Keyword: Feed Water Treatment; Risk Assessment; FMEA; AHP; Risk Prioritization

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Sagar Kumar Pandey, T. Rama Rao, Manish Kumar Mishra "Assessment of Feed Water Treatment Process in Thermal Power Plant using FMEA" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Globally the major and well known reason for Cancer associated deaths in ladies is the breast cancer. Accurate and early findings of breast cancer growth will expand the endurance pace of patients. In the perspective of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) of breast cancer usually Deep learning tools such as Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are explored. This paper is classifies the histopathology images of breast cancer into cancerous and noncancerous utilizing the technique of Convolution neural network. The project aims at automated, deep learning based methods where descriptive features are taken out with the help of Deep Convolutional neural networks (DCNNs)....
Keyword: Computer-aided detection (CAD), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs)

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Anjana Goen, Avanish Singhal "Classification of Breast Cancer Histopathology Image using Deep Learning Neural Network" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The study of Irregular structures becomes essential when they are situated in higher seismic zones. Since regular structures accordingly (IS Code) designed are safe for gravity load. But, when seismic loads act on Irregular structures, some seismic effective parameters such as maximum story drift, maximum story displacement, stiffness, etc. need to be acknowledged, so the effect of seismic forces on the structure can be assumed for further design. The results are helpful in understanding the behavior of horizontal irregularity such as the "Re-entrant" corner of the building. The study is carried out on L shape geometry (in the plan) RC framed structures. In this study, the comparison is carried out between building "with and without Shear Wall" as Stiff Resisting Element. The Study is considered for Zone III and Zone IV. The Pushover Analysis is used to analyze the G+5 RC framed structure. The analysis and design of all four structures are carried out in ETABS software..
Keyword: Re-entrant Corner, Seismic effective parameter, Shear Wall, Pushover Analysis, ETABS

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Nikhil Dixit, Abhishek Jhanjhot "Analysis and Design of Irregular Building with Re-entrant Corner using Pushover Analysis" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this modern century the development of structures has increased rapidly leading to lesser unit areas and urging us to look for more ways to provide structure with all the amenities within the building leading to the high rise building with smaller areas. The floating columns are provided for the purpose of parking, lobby or assembly hall. When these floating columns are provided it becomes necessary to analyze their seismic behavior and design accordingly. In this current project study, the floating column multi storied structure of 10 storyed is analyzed in the seismic zone II according to IS 1893:2002. Three Models are considered in this, normal structure without floating column, RCC beam carrying the floating column structure, Composite beam carrying the floating column structure, these models are analyzed in ETABS software with adaptation of equivalent static method and response spectrum....
Keyword: RFloating column, Composite Beam, RCC beam, Equivalent static method, Response spectrum method (ETABS).

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Neha V Chatra, Spandana B "Comparision of Composite and RCC Beam Girder Carrying Floating Column with RCC Frame Structure Using ETABS" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research explore the possibility of using wastewater as a mixing water in concrete. Three different wastewater including service station wastewater, textile factory wastewater and sugar factory wastewater were used as a mixing water in concrete and test result for mechanical and durability properties were compared with concrete produced with potable water. The motive of this experimental investigation is toanalyze the impact of impurities present in wastewater collected from different industry on properties of concrete. Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, flexural strength test for mechanical properties and rapid chloride penetration and water absorption test were carried out for durability properties. The results of the tests demonstrate that industry wastewater can be used for mixing in areas where potable water is scarce, as well as for tackling the problem of industrial wastewater disposal.
Keyword: Concrete, Mixingwater, Wastewater, Compressivestrength, Durability

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Nitin U.Thakare, Avinash Shrikhande "Effect of Wastewater Quality Collected from Various Sources on Concrete Properties" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Pedestrian crossing behaviour is examined for the provision of apposite pedestrian facilities at preferred locations as well as to improved their safety while crossing the roads. The analysis of pedestrian crossing behaviour conduct from an examination at Mysuru city (Karnataka state in India). The effects of pedestrian characteristics like gender, age and they carrying baggages and luggages as well as their crossing patterns were analyzed on pedestrian stream qualities like waiting speed and crossing time. Pedestrian safeties was also analyzed with respect to gaps accepted by pedestrian in traffic flow. Crossing patterns were watched for different gender and age group. The present study discuss about effect of pedestrian walking at intersection Gap acceptance was determined by use of Multi linear regression model.
Keyword: Road accidents, Black spots, Vehicular traffic, Alleviation measures

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Neeraj S.N, Dr. Rajendra Khatawkar "Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour Analysis at Intersections of Mysuru City" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Developing B-rep for engineering solids are essential for CAD users for visualizing the objects and designing it. Again, for CAM users it is a must for programming automated CNC machines. B-rep may be considered the transmission link between CAD and CAM systems. Intensive work has been done in this field. Much effort has been done by researchers to construct the frame boundaries of solid models and objects. This paper is trying to approach the problem by identifying various vertices, edges and features of the object and to get the interrelation between the connections between the surfaces. Extraction of features from CAD files is discussed to simplify the CAM users. Proper methodology is suggested applied to solve this problem. The methodology was applied using built up packages written by C#. The B-rep at the various levels is identified to facilitate determining the cutter path in CNC programming in CAM systems. The packages were tested and verified through applying case study and proved applicable
Keyword: Road B-rep, Faces interaction, Identifying surface connection, C# programming.

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Omar Monir Koura "Developing the B-rep of extruded objects for CAD/CAM applications" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper reviews real time fault detection and intelligent health monitoring techniques (IHMT) of transformer. Practically gas generation in transformer oil is induced by electrical and thermal faults resulting from unfavorable operating conditions in transformers. Along with aged conditions of transformers, operating factors such as high temperature, strong electrical fields, electrical discharges, mechanical stresses, insulation damage and contaminants pose imminent risks of malfunctioning and irreversible damage to the transformers. Real-time monitoring of transformers ensures equipment safety and essential intervention in exact time subsequently lessening the danger of non-plan energy power outages. In this paper reviewing the different types of faults on transformer & existing monitoring methods of the transformer are presented. Earlier the researchers work on chemical techniques used to health monitoring of transformer. Presently work on intelligent dissolved gas analysis (DGA) have gained great significance and attention to ensure timely and accurate diagnostics of the electrical and thermal faults occurring in the transformers.
Keyword: Intelligent Health Monitoring Techniques (IHMT), Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), Chemical Techniques, Transformer, Fuzzy, GA-LSTM

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GVSSN Srirama Sarma, Dr. B Ravindranath Reddy, Dr. Pradeep M Nirgude, Dr. Vasudeva Naidu "A Review on Real Time Fault Detection and Intelligent Health Monitoring Techniques of Transformer" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This study is on mixture experiment design of the workability of high performance recycled coarse aggregate concrete, (i.e. high performance concrete produced with recycled coarse aggregate). slump test, which is a widely used test for determining workability of concrete, was the response property used to study the workability of the high performance concrete (HPC) produced in this work. The following components constituted the HPC mixture: water, cement, silica fume, high range water reducing admixture, natural coarse aggregate, recycled coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. The optimization procedure followed the creation of a model for the slump of the....
Keyword: Model; High performance concrete; recycled coarse aggregate; High range water reducing admixture (Superplasticizer), Extreme vertices design, Mixture Experiment design

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J.I. Arimanwa, L.O Ettu, U.C. Anya, E.E. Effiong, I.C.Onyechere "Mixture Experiment Design for the Workability of High Performance Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Increasing concerns about the environmental consequences of such disposal have led to investigations into possible utilization and recycling avenues. The present research includes a cost benefits process under optimized conditions for produce wealth out of waste. A simple method based on alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation and acid dissolution has been used to produce pure amorphous silica from ETP sludge. About 64 % pure SiO2 (RS) precipitation has been achieved. Systematic batch experiments with the heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound (Methylene blue) as sorbate and the recovered material SiO2 (RS) as sorbent has been conducted with the aim of characterizing the sorption on charged surfaces, this characteristic is supported by Zeta potential measurement. Finally, the study demonstrates recovered SiO2 can effectively utilize for the environmental remedial processes.
Keyword: Solid waste, Recovery, Silica, Methylene blue, Adsorption

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Yamuna Rani. M, Bhagawan. D, Saritha Poodari, V.Himabindu, Venkateswara Reddy. V "Silica application for the dye removal from aqueous solution: Extracted from ETP sludge" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Three flavonoid glucosides and a sterol were isolated for the first time from the methanol extract of the leaves of Magnolia lamdongensis collected in Lamha district, Lamdong province, Vietnam including (1) astragalin, (2) quercetin 3-neohesperidoside, (3) quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-galactopyranoside, and (4) stigmasterol. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by 1 D and 2 D NMR experiments and a comparison with those reported.
Keyword: Magnolia lamdongensis, astragalin, quercetin 3-neohesperidoside, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-galactopyranoside, stigmasterol

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Pham Van Huyen, Le Thi Tuong An, Trinh Thi Luong, Nguyen Huu Huong Duyen, Tran Thi Ngoc Hanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuan, Nguyen Huu Toan Phan "Quercetin derivatives of the leaves of Magnolia Lamdongensis" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This paper presents Tunicate Swarm Algorithm to solve the problem of Unit Commitment (UC).Tunicate swarm algorithm(TSA) is a new bio-inspired meta-heuristic optimization. This algorithm mimics the behavior of jet propulsion and swarm behavior of tunicates. The main objective of this unit commitment problem is to reduce the total operating cost. The proposed technique is carried out on 4-unit system, 10-unit system and also on wind power system. When compared with other existing methods, the results of this proposed algorithm is better in terms of operating cost and efficiency..
Keyword: Unit commitment problem (UCP), Tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA), Transmission loss

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Baljit Singh, Vanshika "Wind Integrated Thermal Generation Unit Commitment using Tunicate Swarm Algorithm" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Crop discrimination and Acreage estimation are essential for planning and policy making at various administrative levels. Remote sensing is presently the only technology that can provide timely and accurate crop inventory information. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of Sentinel 1A (VV, VH, VV+VH) Synthetic Aperture Radar imageries for crop discrimination and acreage estimation in Veppanthattai Block of Perambalur District in Tamil Nadu. Perambalur District is one of the largest cotton and maize producing district in Tamil Nadu.This study also compares the performance of classification algorithms such as Maximum Likelihood Classification, Minimum Distance Classification, Support Vector Machine Classification and Neural Net Classification algorithm for Sentinel -1A SAR imageries in order to find the best classifier. The Temporal backscattering...
Keyword: Acreage estimation, Crop discrimination, Maximum Likelihood Classification, Minimum Distance Classification, Neural Net Classification, Sentinel-1A, Support Vector Machine Classification, SAR

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Sakthivel R, Venkatesh K, Parthipan S "Crop Discrimination and Acreage estimation of Major Crops for Veppanthattai Taluk, Perambalur District using Multi Temporal Sentinel 1A SAR data" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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During the last decades, the concept of a variable-speed wind turbine (WT) has been receiving increasing attention. It is due to the fact that it is more controllable and efficient. As the demand of controllability of variable speed WTs increases, it is necessary to investigate the modelling of wind turbine-generator systems (WTGS) that are capable of accurately simulating the behavior of each component in the WTGS. This paper will provide the method of optimum power extraction from grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system. In order to obtain satisfying output power from the WTGS, control strategies are to be developed. These....
Keyword: DFIG, pitch angle control, reactive power control

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R. Linga Swamy, E. Sreeshobha, M. Rathan Pradeep "Power Optimization of grid connected DFIG wind energy system" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The blockchain technology is an emerging technology with a great scope. This research deals with the benefits of applying Blockchain Technology in various aspects. It has various benefits and applications which range from better security, enhanced transparency and fast traceability. It can also provide speedy efficient services with automation
Keyword: Automation, Blockchain, Distributed ledger technology, Smart contracts, Traceability data

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Supriya Saxena "Benefits of applications of the Blockchain Technology" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This work presents the results of an educational intervention applied in Calculus courses for engineering students, using microdrones to carry out application practices. Its objective was to motivate students' interest in their learning, and the development of technological competencies with those resources, in addition to the generic ones associated with the Problem-Based Learning approach used. The intervention was applied to six courses from four engineering programs with 70 first and second semester students. Various models of microdrones were used, most without a built-in camera. Results included students' improvement in at least 16 percentage points in similar classes for IC courses, while for DC course it was 19 percentage points. Students were enthusiastic (91%) about using new technologies for the majority, which represented a challenge and an opportunity for the development of generic and technological competencies.
Keyword: Calculus courses, engineering students, microdrones, PBL approach

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Ana Maria Soto-Hernandez, Rosa Gabriela Camero-Berrones, Laura Silvia Vargas-Perez "Using Microdrones and Problem-Based Learning with Engineering Students" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, Improved Particle Swarm optimization is proposed to minimize the THD of a Multilevel Inverter. Particle swarm optimization is improved by adapting reproduction and elimination and dispersal of Bacteria Foraging algorithm. First, a 11 level cascaded H- bridge multilevel inverter is implemented in MATLAB simulink. Then an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is developed in MATLAB to find the optimum switching angles which reduces the THD.
Keyword: Cascaded H-bridge Inverter, Multi Level Inverters, Particle Swarm Optimization and Bacterial Foraging algorithm

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P.Lokender Reddy, R.Linga Swamy "Multi Level Inverter THD minimization by Improved Particle Swarm Optimization" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The Middle East countries are suffering from problems of the increasing demand for water in light of the scarcity of resources to obtain sufficient quantities and satisfy the needs of citizens of different needs in different fields. These issues drive the water supply companies and authorities to seek other ways to deal with customers and to provide useful policies suitable for the available resource. This paper proposes a smart clustering method to distribute the water in urban regions with the aim to develop a new local classification of neighbourhoods water sustainability according to justice ways to automatically classify them in different categories suitable to their consumption; this methodology uses intelligent clustering techniques that depend on the historical water consumption in each region....
Keyword: Fair Water Distribution, K-means Clustering Algorithm, Urban Water Demand

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Mohammed Zaid-Alkelani ,Mohammed Awad "K-Means Clustering Based Model for Fair Water Distribution of Urban Regions Depending on Consumption" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

MANETs architectures are infra-structure-less network with high degree of flexibility. Security is major concern in this ad-hoc network. This is the prime area of interest for research scholars. This paper proposes a new algorithm for recovering from intruder and is based on AODV protocol. The attack from hacker is considered as direct or active. The proposed algorithm helps in repairing the loss. Using this scheme various metrics used for adhoc network are taken care of viz packet delivery ratio, throughput and average delay produced.
Keyword: MANET, AODV, Intrusion, Security, Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

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Sumanpreet Kaur, Mahendra Kumar "Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Proposal To Recover From Breach" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The overall purpose of this research is to explore the usage of an impact testing machine, specifically the Charpy Impact Test device, to better understand the principles behind impact testing in order to further develop engineering skills in materials selection. In this context, the research problem focuses on the importance of subjecting sample materials to impact testing and its implications to the profession. This author utilizes information from reliable sources of engineering literature and applies the information to experimentation using the Charpy Impact Test to develop the most ideal approach to materials testing and selection. The author found that engineers must always be aware that the strength of a material can only be increased at the expense of toughness, and this means that engineers must ensure that there must be sufficient strength with maximized toughness to avoid experiencing cracks that may hit a critical flaw size which would progress toward material failure..
Keyword: ....

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Mohammad Jassim Hussain "Charpy Impact Test on Mild Steel" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This study proposes an innovative strategy to integrate human brain connect omics with wrapping for brain tumor segmentation and classification. The brain tumors are the worst illness leading to an extremely short lifetime. Brain tumor misinterpretation leads to incorrect medical involvement and a reduction in patient chances of survival. A precise identification of brain tumors is essential for properly arranging treatments for the healing and improvement of the presence of brain tumor patients. Tomography and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) were successful and have made key advances for machine learning through computer-aided tumor detection systems. In comparison to the typical neural network layers, the deep convolution....
Keyword: Deep Learning, Brain Tumor Classification, RestNet, DenseNet, EfficientNet and Kaggle Datasets (Brain Tumor X-Ray Image)..

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Siddangouda Hosamani "Brain Lesion Detection and Classification" Vol. 11 - No. 10 (October 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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