• A Study of Anodic Voltage Drop in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Finite Element Analysis
  Mahmoud A.Aly, Mohamed M. Ali and A. A. Atlam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Aluminum extraction has a very high energy consumption process, so reducing energy consumption is one of the most important roles in aluminum reduction cell design. The good path to achieve this goal can be made by voltage savings at the anode assembly.
The aim of this work is todevelop3D thermo-electrical finite element model and validate based on actual temperature measurements and electrical calculations for the anode assembly. The model is used to estimate the temperature distribution and the anodic voltage drop over the anode assembly and to suggest alternative design modifications to reduce the anodic voltage drop.
The effect of changing in stub diameter and chemical composition of cast iron on anodic voltage drop were studied. The findings indicated that the effect of stub diameter is more effective as compare with the changing in cast iron composition.

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Mahmoud A.Aly, Mohamed M. Ali and A. A. Atlam, "A Study of Anodic Voltage Drop in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affected by Precursor Concentration
  Munaf. S. Majeed, Mohamed K. Dhahir, Zainab. F. Mahdy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC) Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
Keywords: Metallic cations, Polyol Reduction, Pd Nanoparticles, Poly (vinylpyrrolidone), Precursor concentration.

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Munaf. S. Majeed, Mohamed K. Dhahir, Zainab. F. Mahdy, "Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affected by Precursor Concentration"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Efficient Image Compression Technique using Clustering and Random Permutation
  Jitendra Meghwal, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Multimedia data compression is a challenging situation for compression technique, due to the possibility of loss of data as well as it require large amount of storage place. The minimization of storage place and proper transmission of these data need compression. In this dissertation we proposed a block based DWT image compression technique using genetic algorithm and HCC code matrix. The HCC code matrix compressed into two different set redundant and non-redundant which generate similar pattern of block coefficient. The similar block coefficient generated by particle of swarm optimization. The process of particle of swarm optimization is select for the optimal block of DWT transform function. For the experimental purpose we used some standard image such as Lena, Barbara and cameraman image. The size of resolution of this image is 256*256. The source of image is Google.
KeywordsDWT, HCC, Transform function, HVS.

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Jitendra Meghwal, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain, "Efficient Image Compression Technique using Clustering and Random Permutation"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• On approximations of trigonometric Fourier series as transformed to alternating series
  Zbigniew Płochocki, Andrew Mioduchowski
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Trigonometric Fourier series are transformed into: (1) alternating series with terms of finite sums or (2) finite sums of alternating series. Alternating series may be approximated by finite sums more accurately as compared to their simple truncation. The accuracy of these approximations is discussed.
Key word: Fourier series, alternating series, approximation/truncation of series MSC 2010 code: 42B05, 40A25

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Zbigniew Płochocki, Andrew Mioduchowski, "On approximations of trigonometric Fourier series as transformed to alternating series"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Hamiltonian Chromatic Number of Graphs
  Dr. B. Ramireddy, U. Mohan Chand, A.Sri Krishna Chaitanya, Dr. B.R. Srinivas
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper studies the Hamiltonian coloring and Hamiltonian chromatic number for different graphs .the main results are1.For any integer n greater than or equal to three, Hamiltonian chromatic number of C_n is equal to n-2. 2. G is a graph obtained by adding a pendant edge to Hamiltonian graph H, and then Hamiltonian chromatic number of G is equal to n-1. 3. For every connected graph G of order n greater than or equal to 2, Hamiltonian chromatic number of G is not more than one increment of square of (n-2). Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 03Exx, 03E10, 05CXX, 05C15, 05C45.
Key word: Chromatic number, Hamiltonian coloring, Hamiltonian chromatic number, pendant edge, spanning connected graph.

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Dr. B. Ramireddy, U. Mohan Chand, A.Sri Krishna Chaitanya, Dr. B.R. Srinivas, "Hamiltonian Chromatic Number of Graphs"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A Review
  Singha Sudhakar, Verma. M. K, Singha Soumya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS (Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites. Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Keywords - GIS, Ground water management, MODFLOW, Recharge, Sub-surface modeling

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Singha Sudhakar, Verma. M. K, Singha Soumya, "Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A Review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano Fluids
  Ms. N.Gayathri, Mr.V.V.Ramakrishna, Mr. Sanmala Rajasekhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100- 600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported. In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most economical way.
Keywords: Heat transfer, Heat exchanger, Nano fluids, Mass flow rate, Periodic flow, Nusselt number & Reynolds number.

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Ms. N.Gayathri, Mr.V.V.Ramakrishna, Mr. Sanmala Rajasekhar, "Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano Fluids"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Method to Determine End-Points ofStraight Lines Detected Using the Hough Transform
  Gideon Kanji Damaryam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Hough transform is often used to detect lines in images, yielding the equations of lines found. It works by transforming a line in a given image to a point in a new transform image while accumulating a measure of the likelihood that a point in the new image corresponds to a line from the original image. The resulting equation of a line describes a line of unspecified length, with no information about the end-points of the actual lines in the image which informed the detection of the line of unspecified length. This paperpresents a method to determine the end-points of the actual lines in the image.The method tracks points from the original image whose transforms led to evidence of lines in the transform image. Consecutive points are then grouped into sub-lines according to whether or not there are enough of them in the group so that they constitute a significant sub-line, and all points in the group are far enough from any other points along the same line, that those other points should not be considered part of the same sub-line.Sample results are shown.
Key word: end-point determination, Hough transform, image processing, robot navigation, self-navigation.

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Gideon Kanji Damaryam, "A Method to Determine End-Points ofStraight Lines Detected Using the Hough Transform"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Method for Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Earth Dams
  T. R. Mafioleti, A. Chaves Neto, J. Patias, L. A. Teixeira Junior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes a new probabilistic methodology for analyzing the stability of Earth Dams, based on the technique of the First Order Reliability Method for Structural Reliability. Differently from others methodologies present in literature, the proposed method interprets the involved variables as random ones. So, three results are provided here: the Structural Reliability Index, the Probability of Rupture and the most probable values of the random variables for the occurrence of a dam break. In order to illustrate it, real data from a cross section of the Left Bank Earthfill Dam of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant (IHPP), located on the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil were used. The numerical results achieved by the proposed methodology evidence that IHPP dam has currently good structural conditions, confirming that the safety procedures adopted in Itaipu Dam may be considered as appropriate. The use of the proposed method enables to complement the previously existing knowledge about the structural conditions, improving the process of risk management.
Key word: Earth Dams, Probability of Rupture, Reliability Index, Stability Analysis, Structural Reliability.

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T. R. Mafioleti, A. Chaves Neto, J. Patias, L. A. Teixeira Junior, "A Method for Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Earth Dams"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal Continuous Moving Plate By Means Of the Natural Transformation Method
  Surendra Kumar Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Jhankal and Rachana Mathur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An analysis is made for the two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid,along an infinite porous hot horizontal continuous moving plate. The governing system of partial differential equations was transformed into ordinary differential equations before being solve by Natural transformation. The effects of various physical parameters, such as Eckert number Ec , Prandtlnumber Pr , plate velocity α and heat source/sink parameter Sare presented and discussed. It is found that the plate velocity significantly effects the flow and heat transfer.
Key words: boundary layer flow, moving plate, laminar flow, heat transfer, natural transform.

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Surendra Kumar Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Jhankal and Rachana Mathur, "Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal Continuous Moving Plate By Means Of the Natural Transformation Method"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Coding Theory
  Kharatti Lal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Fuzziness means different things depending upon the domain of application and the way it is measured. By means of fuzzy sets, vague notions can be described mathematically now a vigorous area of research with manifold applications. It should be mentioned that there are natural ways (not necessarily trivial) to fuzzily various mathematical structures such as topological spaces, algebraic structure etc. The notion of L-fuzzy sets later more generalizations were also made using various membership sets and operations. In this section we let F denote the field of integers module 2, we define a fuzzy code as a fuzzy subset of Fⁿ where Fⁿ = {(a₁, ....a_n | a _i  F, i = 1, ...n} and n is a fixed arbitrary positive integers we recall that Fⁿ is a vector space over F. We give an analysis of the Hamming distance between two fuzzy code words and the error – correcting capability of a code in terms of its corresponding fuzzy codes. The results appearing in the first part of this section are from [17].
Keywords: Fuzzy code, Symmetric channel, Hankel matrices, Membership value, Semigroup.

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Kharatti Lal, "Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Coding Theory"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Feature selection methods for diagnosis of cervical cancer using SVM classifier
  B. Ashok, Dr. P. Aruna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Even though a great attention has been given on the cervical cancer diagnosis, it is a tuff task to observe the pap smear slide through microscope. Image Processing and Machine learning techniques helps the pathologist to take proper decision. In this paper, we presented the diagnosis method using cervical cell image which is obtained by Pap smear test. Image segmentation performed by multi-thresholding method and texture and shape features are extracted related to cervical cancer. Feature selection is achieved using Mutual Information(MI), Sequential Forward Search (SFS), Sequential Floating Forward Search (SFFS) and Random Subset Feature Selection(RSFS) methods.
Key word: Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Feature Selection, Multi-thresholding, Classification

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B. Ashok, Dr. P. Aruna, "Comparison of Feature selection methods for diagnosis of cervical cancer using SVM classifier"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Stability Analysis of Quadruped-imitating Walking Robot Based on Inverted Pendulum Model
  Yongming Wang, Xuetan Xu, Song Song
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A new kind of quadruped-imitating walking robot is designed, which is composed of a body bracket, leg brackets and walking legs. The walking leg of the robot is comprised of a first swiveling arm, a second swiveling arm and two striding leg rods. Each rod of the walking leg is connected by a rotary joint, and is directly controlled by the steering gear. The walking motion is realized by two striding leg rods alternately contacting the ground. Three assumptions are put forward according to the kinematic characteristics of the quadruped-imitating walking robot, and then the centroid equation of the robot is established. On this basis, this paper simplifies the striding process of the quadruped-imitating walking robot into an inverted pendulum model with a constant fulcrum and variable pendulum length. According to the inverted pendulum model, the stability of the robot is not only related to its centroid position, but also related to its centroid velocity. Takes two typical movement cases for example, such as walking on flat ground and climbing the vertical obstacle, the centroid position, velocity curves of the inverted pendulum model are obtained by MATLAB simulations. The results show that the quadruped-imitating walking robot is stable when walking on flat ground. In the process of climbing the vertical obstacle, the robot also can maintain certain stability through real-time control adjusted by the steering gears.
Keywords - walking robot, stability, inverted pendulum model, motion equation, simulation analysis

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Yongming Wang, Xuetan Xu, Song Song, "Stability Analysis of Quadruped-imitating Walking Robot Based on Inverted Pendulum Model"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-2

• Determination of Optimal Product Mix for Profit Maximization using Linear Programming
  Sengupta, Debajyoti
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper demonstrates the use of liner programming methods in order to determine the optimal product mix for profit maximization. There had been several papers written to demonstrate the use of linear programming in finding the optimal product mix in various organization. This paper is aimed to show the generic approach to be taken to find the optimal product mix.
Keywords - Basic solution, Degeneracy, Linear Programming, Objective function, Simplex Method, Slack and

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Sengupta, Debajyoti, "Determination of Optimal Product Mix for Profit Maximization using Linear Programming"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Learning How to Make Optimal Decisions in Design and Selection of Post-Disaster Shelters
  Mahasti Tafahomi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Optimal choice of shelter solutions in post-disaster emergency situations depends on deep understanding of needs, context of needs, up to date knowledge of the available solutions and smart strategies to connect the two optimally.
Evidence of needs can be submitted both by the beneficiaries and relief specialists as NGO‟s and the UN. The solutions can be entered by local or international suppliers. Post-disaster emergency shelter designers are as any other designer concerned with the ecological, social, cultural and spatial application of technologies to meet specific human needs after each disaster and in each location. The choice for an on-demand designed postdisaster shelter contributes to optimal post-disaster shelter relief process and sustainable post-disaster emergency shelters. The need for qualified engineers who can translate their technical know-how into tailored solutions is eminent.
In this article we describe a research project that develops and tests a tool for design and selection of on-demand post-disaster emergency shelters, a Decision Support System (DSS). The tool can be used by the beneficiaries, relief specialists and politicians. The questions asked by the DSS for gathering evidence on needs and solutions, can be adapted to each type of user. In addition to assisting relief specialists in decision making, the DSS can be used as training tool for relief specialists in the field and educating engineers in their thinking. Keywords: Design, disaster, needs, learning, post-disaster, innovation, Post-disaster shelter, technology,

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Mahasti Tafahomi, "Learning How to Make Optimal Decisions in Design and Selection of Post-Disaster Shelters"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Remediation of contaminated soil using soil washing-a review
  N.Karthika, K.Jananee, V.Murugaiyan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn and Cd are heavy metals occur naturally as trace elements in many soils.The present paper reviews the remediation of heavy metals of contaminated soil by soil washing using different agents.It was noted that the contact time, pH, concentration of extract ant and agitation speed were affected the process while remediation,so accordingly select the conditions to obtain efficiency which is mainly depend upon the type of soil,contamination type,contamination period and metals present in it.EDTA is effective when compared with other chelating agents for heavy metals especially for lead but it has low biodegradation.Because of the nature of low biodegradability, EDTA can be reusedfurther by membrane separation and electrochemical treatment, or degraded by advanced oxidation processes.
Keywords -Chelating agents, EDTA,Extract ants,Heavy metals, Soilcontamination, Soil washing.

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N.Karthika, K.Jananee, V.Murugaiyan, "Remediation of contaminated soil using soil washing-a review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Wastewater from Abattoir, Brewery, Soap and Oil Factories, at Moundou City in Southern Chad
  Ahmatal Tidjanihisseine, Richard KAMGA, TCHADANAYE New Mahamat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The discharge of industrial wastewater in the city of Moundou deteriorates the quality of surface and underground water and soils. In this study the physicochemical quality of industrial effluents was investigated in different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). Three sampling sites were used (Central Abattoir discharge, Cotontchad (soap and oil factory) discharge, and Brewery discharge), for sampling from July 2013 to December 2014. The following physico-chemical parameters were determined: pH, Temperature, EC, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD₅, NO₃,PO₄,SO₄. Also, the heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cr, Fe, Al, was analyzed on spectrophotometers and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. This study revealed that most parameters were much higher than the permissible limit for wastewater discharges:some parameters were to higher: pH (12,6), Temperature (37,8 °C), C.E (4270 μS/cm), organic matters: COD (1200 mg/l), SO₄ (1280 mg/l), PO₄(4460 mg/l), NO3 (63,6 mg/l), (Fe (63,34 mg/l), Zn (13,27 mg/l), Pb (4,0 mg/l), Cu (25,34 mg/l), Cd (31,78 mg/l), Cr (5,9 mg/l), Ni (39,5 mg/l. The study concludes that discharge of effluents by the companies; factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources severely pollute the Logone River with heavy metals and other pollutants. We recommended that each industry recycle its wastewater and put in place specific treatment plants, because pollutants to eliminate vary depending on the industry.
Keywords:Pollution, Industrial Effluent, Heavy Metals, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Moundou, Chad.

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Ahmatal Tidjanihisseine, Richard KAMGA, TCHADANAYE New Mahamat, "Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Wastewater from Abattoir, Brewery, Soap and Oil Factories, at Moundou City in Southern Chad"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Calculation and comparison of circuit breaker parameters in Power World Simulator
  Kuljinder Kaur, Er. Simerpreet Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A circuit breaker has ratings that an engineer uses for their application. These ratings define circuit breaker performance characteristics. A good understanding of Ratings allow the electrical engineer to make a proper comparison of various circuit breaker designs.
In this research work, the different ratings of circuit breaker were calculated. The other objective of this work was comparison between ratings of existing circuit breaker and calculated ratings in POWER WORLD SIMULATOR. Further, the impact of time delay in circuit breaker was studied. These calculations were performed for rated current of 400 & 630 Amps. The results performed in POWER WORLD SIMULATOR were shown better and information gained from the analysis can be used for proper relay selection, settings,

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Kuljinder Kaur, Er. Simerpreet Singh, "Calculation and comparison of circuit breaker parameters in Power World Simulator"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Transient Stability Analysis of IEEE 9 Bus System in Power World Simulator
  Ramandeep Kaur, Er. Divesh Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It is widely accepted that transient stability is an important aspect in designing and upgrading electric power system. The objective of this paper was to investigate and understand the stability of power system In this paper, modelling and transient stability analysis of IEEE 9 bus system was performed using POWER WORLD SIMULATOR. The load flow studies were performed to determine pre-fault conditions in the system using Newton-Raphson method. With the help of three-phase balanced fault, the variations in power angle and frequency of the system were studied. Frequency is a reliable indicator if deficiency condition in the power systems exists or not. For three-phase balanced fault, fast fault clearing time was analysed to bring back the system to the stability. Further, comparison between Runga method and Euler method for better results was performed. Hence, impact of load switching on system was also computed so as to bring system to steady state.
Keywords: power system stability, clearing time, transient stability, load switching, three-phase balanced fault,

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Ramandeep Kaur, Er. Divesh Kumar, "Transient Stability Analysis of IEEE 9 Bus System in Power World Simulator"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A refined energy-based model for friction stir processing of Al- Zn-Mg alloy
  P. K. Mandal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a promising solid state surface modification technique. Also, considered as an innovative technique that the FSPwas employed to modify the surface layer of aluminium alloy. The FSP passes of only two passes were applied on aluminium alloy samples. A rotating tool with a pin and shoulder is inserted into a single piece of material and results in significant microstructural changes in the processed zone, due to intense plastic deformation. It has been proved to be an effective way to refine the microstructure of aluminium alloys, and thereby improve the mechanical properties. In procedural phenomenon there are different parameters adjustment have been worked out to refine microstructure and several properties characterised to TEM, SEM, FESEM and mechanical properties. In this study, a refined energy based model that estimates the energy generated due to friction and plastic deformation is presented with the help ofexperimental and theoretical
Keywords:FSP, solid-state process, processed zone, energy generation, 7xxx series.

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P. K. Mandal, "A refined energy-based model for friction stir processing of Al- Zn-Mg alloy"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• FEA based Dissipation Energy and Temperature Distribution of Rubber Bushing
  Zhengui Zhanga, Haiyan H Zhang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Rubber bushings used in the vehicle or aerospace can reduce the noise and vibration and absorb the shocks. The heat accumulation in the rubber components is attributed to the nonlinear mechanical behavior of rubber and leads to degeneration of mechanical properties. The viscoelastic damping is treated as the major mechanism of dissipation energy, which is heat source of temperature rising in bushing. A finite element method is expanded from elastic structure to viscoelastic structure and computes the dissipation energy distribution in the rubber core. Based on that heat source, the temperature distribution of rubber bushing under radial harmonic excitation has been calculated using finite volume method. The frequency and amplitude effect on dissipation energy and temperature distribution are described. The radial dynamic testing is carried out and the temperature is recorded using thermal imager to evaluate the simulation. As complement, the dynamic torsional testing is also carried out explore the possible failure zone of rubber bushing under different types of loading.
Keywords:Rubber bushing; Viscoelastic; Finite element; Temperature; Dynamic testing.

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Zhengui Zhanga, Haiyan H Zhang, "FEA based Dissipation Energy and Temperature Distribution of Rubber Bushing"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curves
  Yasser E. Ibrahima, Osman Shallan, Ashraf El-Shihy and Mohamed Selim
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Performance-based design, PBD, is gaining popularity and its concept hasbeen applied in many international seismic building codes. In this research, five real structures designed according to the Egyptian Building Code, which does not consider PBD, are considered and modeled in a three dimensional way using the software SeismoStruct in order to assess their performance under expected earthquakes. The structures are 2-story, 4- story, 6-story, 8-story and 10-story reinforced concrete framed structures. The structural system of these structures is of the moment-resisting frame type, with and without shear walls. The structures weredesigned under dead, live and seismic forces of "Zone 3" with a design acceleration of 0.15g.The models were analyzed using incremental dynamic analysis, IDA, considering 12 real records of historical earthquakes. IDA curves were developed for all analyzed models, considering four damage states. Fragility curves were subsequently developed to provide an overview of the expected seismic performance of a typical low or mid-rise multistory reinforced concrete framed structure in Egypt as designed in accordance with thecurrent Egyptian Building Code.
Keywords:Performance-based, seismic, fragility, Building code, Damage state

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Yasser E. Ibrahima, Osman Shallan, Ashraf El-Shihy and Mohamed Selim, "Assessment of seismic damage of multistory structures using fragility curves"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Construction of Keyword Extraction using Statistical Approaches and Document Clustering by Agglomerative method
  R. Nagarajan, Dr. P. Aruna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Organize continuing growth of dynamic unstructured documents is the major challenge to the field experts. Handling of such unorganized documents causes more expensive. Clustering of such dynamic documents helps to reduce the cost. Document clustering by analysing the keywords of the documents is one the best method to organize the unstructured dynamic documents. Statistical analysis is the best adaptive method to extract the keywords from the documents. In this paper an algorithm was proposed to cluster the documents. It has two parts, first part extracts the keywords using statistical method and the second part construct the clusters by keyword using agglomerative method. This proposed algorithm gives more than 90% of accuracy.
Keywords– Agglomerative Method, Co-occurrences Statistical Information (CSI), Document Clustering,

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R. Nagarajan, Dr. P. Aruna, "Construction of Keyword Extraction using Statistical Approaches and Document Clustering by Agglomerative method"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Wear Analysis of Composite Ball Materials using Tribometer
  Mr. Lalit Patil, Prof. A. V. Patil, Prof. R. B. Barjibhe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The bearing is a main element in case of rotating machines for aircraft engines applications. The major failure of ball bearing is because of wear of balls. This paper focused on prediction of wear of balls under pure sliding contact conditions for Chrome steel, Alumina Oxide and Silicon Nitride materials. The wear calculation method is employed as per ASTM G99 standard. Pin on Disc Apparatus is used to perform trials. To reduce number of experimentations, DOE technique is used with L9 orthogonal array. Accordingly tests are conducted. Engine oil is used for maintaining the lubricating conditions. Finally Comparison is done for various materials.
Keywords –Ball Bearing, Pin on Disc apparatus, Wear, DOE.

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Mr. Lalit Patil, Prof. A. V. Patil, Prof. R. B. Barjibhe, "A Wear Analysis of Composite Ball Materials using Tribometer"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India
  B.H. Sutara, V.A Gokhale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular. This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
Keywords:urban transport, fringe, Pune, mobility, mode etc.

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B.H. Sutara, V.A Gokhale, "Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Dna And Amino-Acids Based Implementation Of Four-Square Cipher
  Sonal Namdev, Vimal Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The DNA cryptography is a new and very promising direction in cryptographic research. It is in the primitive stage. DNA cryptography is shown to be very effective. Currently, several DNA computing algorithms are proposed for many cryptography, cryptanalysis and steganography problems, and they are very powerful in these areas. This paper discusses a significant modification of the old approach of using DNA and Amino Acids based approach with Playfair Cipher to using the same approach with different encryption algorithm, i.e; foursquare cipher to the core of the ciphering process. In this study, a binary form of data, such as plaintext messages, or images are transformed into sequences of DNA nucleotides. Subsequently, these nucleotides pass through a Foursquare encryption process based on amino-acids structure. The fundamental idea behind using this type of encryption process is to enforce other conventional cryptographic algorithms which proved to be broken, and also to open the door for applying the DNA and Amino Acids concepts to more conventional

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Sonal Namdev, Vimal Gupta, "A Dna And Amino-Acids Based Implementation Of Four-Square Cipher"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, India
  Joyanta pal, Dr. Manish Pal, Dr.Pankaj Kr. Roy and Dr. Asis Mazumdar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water quality of lakes, rivers and reservoirs in developing countries like India is being degraded because of the contaminated inflows and surrounding influence. There is a serious need for appropriate water quality monitoring for future planning and management of Lake and other type of water resources. Quality of water in Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura, India has been investigated in this paper. Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied in Rudrasagar Lake India using water quality parameters like pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Nitrate. Based on the importance of the parameter for aquatic life the relative weight is assigned to each water quality parameter ranged from 1 to 4. Tests were performed on site using electronic measuring device as well as on Laboratory with samples of water collected from different locations of Rudrasagar Lake. It shows that water quality of Rudrasagar Lake falls within the ‗good water' category but marginally. Continuous monitoring of Rudrasagar lake is suggested for proper management.
Keywords: Water Quality Index (WQI), Rudrasagar Lake, aquatic life.

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Joyanta pal, Dr. Manish Pal, Dr.Pankaj Kr. Roy and Dr. Asis Mazumdar, "Water Quality Index for Assessment of Rudrasagar Lake Ecosystem, India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

• A Framework for Curved Videotext Detection and Extraction
  Sudir.P, M.Ravishankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Proposed approach explores a new framework for curved video text detection and extraction. The algorithm first utilizes a Gaussian filter based Color Edge Enhancement followed by a Gray level Co-occurrence matrix feature extraction method for text detection. Secondly, a Connected Component filtering method is utilized to generate clear localization result and at last, a Round Scan method is performed to extract curved text and generate binary result for recognition by OCR. Experiments on various curved video data and Hua's horizontal video text dataset shows the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Keywords - Curve Video text;Gaussian Filter;Gray level Co-occurrence matrix;Round scan Method.

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Sudir.P, M.Ravishankar, "A Framework for Curved Videotext Detection and Extraction" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mixed Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Micropolar Fluid in a Vertical Channel with Symmetric and Asymmetric Wall Heating Conditions
  Patil Mallikarjun B , Chandrali Baishya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Analytical solutions for fully developed mixed convection flow of a micro polar fluid with heat generation or heat absorption in a parallel plate vertical channel with symmetric and asymmetric wall temperature distribution has been presented. The two boundaries of the channel are kept either at equal or at different temperatures as isothermal-isothermal, isoflux-isothermal and isothermal-isoflux cases. Reverse flow conditions are observed with increase in micro vortex viscosity. Micro polar fluids display reduction in heat transfer rate. Keywords: Mixed convection, Viscous Dissipation and Micropolar fluid.

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Patil Mallikarjun B , Chandrali Baishya, "Mixed Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Micropolar Fluid in a Vertical Channel with Symmetric and Asymmetric Wall Heating Conditions" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The way forward for Mineral Beneficiation in Pakistan
  Asghar, Zeeshan and Oshokoya, Praise Oluwatomisin
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pakistan is blessed with a vast variety and volume of minerals but has been unable to receive due benefits in the upgrading of its economy and growth. The mining sector currently contributes less than 1% in total GDP of the country. Pakistan can extract full benefits from the primary development and beneficiation of minerals, by avoiding Dutch disease and Resource curse. This paper presents the scenario for charting a way forward for beneficiation of mineral resources in Pakistan. The methodology focuses on the top challenges faced by the country, which serve as impediments for the sound formulation of a strategy for beneficiation of its minerals. However, there is still room for improvement in the development and beneficiation of Pakistan's mineral resources. By addressing the challenges discussed in the paper, it would be highlighted that Pakistan would be able to use the primary development and beneficiation of its mineral resources to improve the state of its declining economic growth.
Keywords -Economic Growth, Thar Coal, Beneficiation Strategy, Challenges, Mining in Pakistan.

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Asghar, Zeeshan and Oshokoya, Praise Oluwatomisin, "The way forward for Mineral Beneficiation in Pakistan" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluating the performance of a hydrological model on River Kaduna discharge
  H Garba and IA Chukwujama
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The ability of a rainfall-runoff, recharge-discharge model to simulate and predict the hydrology of River Kaduna as a basis for a sustainable water resources management strategy was cried out and the model performance was evaluated by simulating the discharges of the river under climate change and observed conditions. Results obtained yield correlation coefficient for 2,5,10, 20 50 and 100 year ARI as R2=0.9999, R2=0.9019, R2=0.9072, R2=0.9999, R2=0.7168 and R2=0.9103. Based on the data confirmation, the hydrognomon model evaluation performance yield coefficient close to 1.0. The model can be a reliable tool to predict flood levels, flow rates as well as for design purpose.
Keywords:Hydrological, Discharge, River basins, Correlation coefficient, Simulation, Flows, Mode

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H Garba and IA Chukwujama, "Evaluating the performance of a hydrological model on River Kaduna discharge" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Expectations for Electronic Debate Platforms as a Function of Application Domain
  Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Marius Silaghi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electronic debate (or commenting) platforms are used with many types of online applications, as a way to engage the users or to provide enhancements, e.g., based on some type of collaborative filtering [1], [2]. The applications enhanced with such debate platforms range widely : news, products, sport, religion, politics, etc. Therefore, the emerging question is whether it is possible to make one electronic debate mechanism good for all applications, and whether the studies on the success of a debate mechanism in one domain do automatically apply to other application domains. Here we compare two traditional application domains of electronic debate platforms: product evaluation and commented news. We exploit the fact that most users are very familiar with both types of such applications, and therefore surveys can be designed to gauge reliably subtle differences between expectations and properties of these domains. Based on over 1000 responses to surveys described here, we are able to report statistically significant differences between the user behavior and expectations in the studied domains.
Keywords - Application Domains for Debates, Evaluation of the Impact of Threading Models, Methodology, and

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Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Marius Silaghi, "Expectations for Electronic Debate Platforms as a Function of Application Domain" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation the Impact of Human Interaction/Debate on Online News to Improve User Interfaces for Debate Applications
  Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Marius Silaghi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The average of many people trust online comments for any news as much as personal recommendations [1], [2]. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of the online news's comments to evaluating the threading models of electronic debates by using online surveys. In this paper, based on the results of our online survey of 500 participants, we evaluated whether forums with comments concerning online news are appropriate for the study of debates. In particular, we have to verify whether the nature of discussions around news is argumentative and whether the participating people expect to engage in multiple rounds of arguments. We presented DirectDemocracyP2P application as a user interface for decentralized debates. In this paper, we evaluated and analyzed the comments that were collected from online surveys to improve the DirectDemocracyP2P applications. Also we have to verify whether the actual comments commonly submitted around news do go beyond the simple advertisement of one own's merchandise and attacks of competitors, into fair reviews of news features and quality.
Keywords: User interfaces for Online News, Evaluation of the Impact of Threading Models on Online News, Methodology,

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Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Marius Silaghi, "Evaluation the Impact of Human Interaction/Debate on Online News to Improve User Interfaces for Debate Applications" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Studies of Degradation of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PPVC)
  Doina Elena Gavrilă
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Commercial plasticizers are introduced in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) to obtain flexibility, high elongation to break, durability, resistance to heat and chemicals. Very used plasticizers are phthalates, most commonly phthalate being di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP). The phthalates are not chemically bound to PVC and can migrate from different devices and objects due to the influence of temperature, or to other types of degradation. In article are presented the harm effects of phthalates. Through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) the degradation and emission of additives (phthalates) from PPVC used as insulation (type I) of low voltage cables is studied. It makes a comparative experimental study of DSC curves, mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity) and electrical characteristics (volume resistivity, permittivity, losses) of PPVC for insulation, jacket (PPVC type M) and Unplasticized PVC (UPVC). It is considering the possibility of performing numerical analysis on permittivity and losses of PPVC (dielectric mixtures of PVC and phthalates).
Keywords:Differential Scanning Calorimetry, mechanical and electrical characteristics, phthalates and additives, Plasticized, Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride.

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Doina Elena Gavrilă, "Studies of Degradation of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PPVC)" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Testing Of Partially Encased Composite Beam Columns
  Ehab M. Hanna, Sameh M. Gaawan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The past few decades have seen outstanding advances in the use of composite materials in structural applications. There can be little doubt that, within engineering circles, composites have revolutionized traditional design concepts and made possible an unparalleled range of new and exciting possibilities as viable materials for construction. In addition to the well-known advantages of composite columns, partially encased composite columns offered simplified beam-to-column connection as well as reduced or omitted shuttering thus achieved more cost effective construction. Some companies have patented these new types of partially encased composite column made of light welded steel shapes; moreover, the Canadian Institute of Steel construction CISC has recognized and codified this type of columns. In This paper, Partially Encased Composite Beam Columns is introduced; experimental studies are made on five partially encased beam columns to investigate the behavior of eccentrically loaded partially encased composite columns using different parameters.
Database subject headings:Composite, columns, encased, partially, equation, steel, slender, plates.

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Ehab M. Hanna, Sameh M. Gaawan, "Experimental Testing Of Partially Encased Composite Beam Columns" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Assessment the Limit of Steel Core Area in the Encased Composite Column
  Abd El-Moniem M. Amin; Ashraf M. Fadel; Sameh M. Gaawan; Reda A.
  Darwish
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study has been carried out to evaluate the method of design of the composite column of reinforced concrete and steel structural sections in the international Codes. Studying and verifying the limit of the ratio of steel section area to total gross section area is the important aim of this research. AISC, 2005 was specifying this limit by 1.0%. Various ratios of steel core area to total gross section area were studied along with rang of concrete strength by the help of finite element software. The results show that the ratio of the steel core area to the total gross section area (As/Ag) should be replaced by the ratio of the ultimate capacity of the steel core to the total ultimate capacity of the complete composite section (Pys/P0). The new ratio takes into account the effect of relative strength between steel and concrete. The proposed limit for (Pys/P0) is between (25%) to (30%).
Keywords:Composite column; Encased section; Steel; Concrete; Finite element method.

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Abd El-Moniem M. Amin; Ashraf M. Fadel; Sameh M. Gaawan; Reda A. Darwish, "Assessment the Limit of Steel Core Area in the Encased Composite Column" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Feasibility Study of Construction of Building Using Reusable Material
  Darade M.M, Waghmare A.P.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Civil structures made of steel reinforced concrete normally suffer from corrosion of the steel by the salt, which results in the failure of those structures. Constant maintenance and repairing is needed to enhance the life cycle of those civil structures. There are many ways to minimize the failure of the concrete structures made of steel reinforce concrete. The Project aims to optimize the construction resources with applications to reduce, reuse and recycle to achieve the motive of saving planet, public and then profit. There is an unavoidable growth in the population for this, there is demand of urbanization. This consumes high amount of non-renewable resources and hence resources are getting exhausted creating a scarcity, which a major issue for present generation.
Keywords– reusable materials,construction resources.

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Darade M.M, Waghmare A.P., "Feasibility Study of Construction of Building Using Reusable Material" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• On The Number of Representations of a Positive Integer by the Binary Quadratic Forms with Discriminants -128, -140
  Teimuraz Vepkhvadze
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We shall obtain the exact formulas for the number of representations by primitive binury qvadratic forms with discriminants -128 and -140.
Key words and phrases: binary quadratic form, genera, class of forms.

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Teimuraz Vepkhvadze, "On The Number of Representations of a Positive Integer by the Binary Quadratic Forms with Discriminants -128, -140" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of Huffman Decoder on Fpga
  Safia Amir Dahri, Dr Abdul Fattah Chandio, Nawaz Ali Zardari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Lossless data compression algorithm is most widely used algorithm in data transmission, reception and storage systems in order to increase data rate, speed and save lots of space on storage devices. Now-a-days, different algorithms are implemented in hardware to achieve benefits of hardware realizations. Hardware implementation of algorithms, digital signal processing algorithms and filter realization is done on programmable devices i.e. FPGA. In lossless data compression algorithms, Huffman algorithm is most widely used because of its variable length coding features and many other benefits. Huffman algorithms are used in many applications in software form, e.g. Zip and Unzip, communication, etc. In this paper, Huffman algorithm is implemented on Xilinx Spartan 3E board. This FPGA is programmed by Xilinx tool, Xilinx ISE 8.2i. The program is written in VHDL and text data is decoded by a Huffman algorithm on Hardware board which was previously encoded by Huffman algorithm. In order to visualize the output clearly in waveforms, the same code is simulated on ModelSim v6.4. Huffman decoder is also implemented in the MATLAB for verification of operation. The FPGA is a configurable device which is more efficient in all aspects. Text application, image processing, video streaming and in many other applications Huffman algorithms are implemented.
Keywords:Huffman algorithm; FPGA; Variable length coding; communication.

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Safia Amir Dahri, Dr Abdul Fattah Chandio, Nawaz Ali Zardari, "Implementation of Huffman Decoder on Fpga" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study of Saving Electrical Energy in the State of Kuwait by Reducing Power Consumption in the Street Lighting Networks
  Adnan B. Alharees, Khaled I. Alduraie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper intends to briefly demonstrate the saving of electrical energy in the street lighting networks in the State of Kuwait. This has been done through various steps and phases, such as changing the mercury lamps with high pressure sodium lamps, installing of Program Logic Controller (PLC) system in some roads, and finally applying the reduction power system using Street Lights Dual Power Dimming type in the street lighting networks. Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) is responsible of the street lighting networks; therefore we will introduce some data brought from MEW to support our study as a case study..
KEYWORDS: Saving Electrical Energy, Program Logic Controller (PLC) System, Power Reduction System, Street Lights Dual Power Dimming type, and Street Lighting Networks.

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Adnan B. Alharees, Khaled I. Alduraie, "A Study of Saving Electrical Energy in the State of Kuwait by Reducing Power Consumption in the Street Lighting Networks" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Transport properties of Gum mediated synthesis of Indium Oxide (In₂O₃) Nano fluids
  Ch. Kanchana Latha, Y. Aparna, Ramchander Merugu, D. Ravinder
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Two- Step method has been applied to prepare stable (In₂O₃) nano fluids in Ethylene Glycol with PVP (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone) used as stabilizing agent having (In₂O₃) concentrations of 1% by volume, where the (In₂O₃) nano particles are obtained by biosynthesis of Indium (III) Acetyl Acetonate and Gum Acacia. Since the two-step method is more versatile as it provides the opportunity to disperse a wide variety of nano particles in different types of base fluids. The nano fluids were characterised by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, and TEM, and systematically investigated for Thermal conductivity (TC), density, viscosity, specific gravity and electrical conductivity for different polymer concentrations. The size of nano particles was found to be in the range of 5-30nm for two different nano particle to PVP ratios. For higher concentration of polymer in nano fluid, nano particles were 20nm in size showing increase in Thermal conductivity but a decrease in density and viscosity which is due to the polymer structure around nano particles. It is observed that the viscosity, density & specific gravity increases with the increase in PVP concentration and decreases with temperature. The thermal conductivity measurements of nano fluids show substantial increment relative to the base fluid (Ethylene glycol). Effect of PVP Polymer on viscosity, density, specific gravity can have a significant effect on magnitude and behaviour of the Thermal conductivity enhancement confirming the Newtonian behaviour of nano fluid. This offers tremendous scope for developing compact and effective heat transfer equipment. An enhancement of 20-25% for 1:5 volume concentration are observed at an average voltage of 60V when compared with EG (Ethylene glycol) at the same voltage. This method is simple, fast and reliable for the synthesis of Newtonian nano fluids containing (In₂O₃) nano particles.

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Ch. Kanchana Latha, Y. Aparna, Ramchander Merugu, D. Ravinder, "Transport properties of Gum mediated synthesis of Indium Oxide (In2O3) Nano fluids" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Nanomodeling of Nonlinear Thermoelastic Behavior of AA5454/ Silicon Nitride Nanoparticulate Metal Matrix Composites
  Chennakesava R Alavala
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of the present work was to estimate non-linear thermoelastic behavior of three-phase AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites. The thermal loading was varied from subzero temperature to under recrystallization temperature. The RVE models were used to analyze thermo-elastic behavior. The AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites have gained the elastic modulus below 0oC and lost at high temperatures..
KEYWORDS: AA5454, finite element analysis, RVE model, silicon nitride, thermoelastic.

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Chennakesava R Alavala, "Nanomodeling of Nonlinear Thermoelastic Behavior of AA5454/ Silicon Nitride Nanoparticulate Metal Matrix Composites" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation of Effect of Lateral Forces on Multi-Storeyed Rcc Frame by Considering Eccentricities of column loads
  Dr. S. S. Patil, Yash S Sale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reinforced concrete column with varying cross-sectional dimensions are commonly used in many engineering structures since use of such elements in a structural system may reduce the weight of the system, since neither axial load nor stiffness is constant along the column height the stability analysis of a stepped column is usually more complicated than that of a uniform column. The lateral forces can produce critical stresses in the structure, induce undesirable vibrations or cause excessive lateral sway of the structure. The present study deals with the comparison of Concentric Non-Prismatic columns and Stepped columns under the effect of static, wind and dynamic loads with the help of ETABS Software.
KEYWORDS: Non- Prismatic Columns, Stepped Columns, Displacement, Inter-Storey Drift, Base Shear.

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Dr. S. S. Patil, Yash S Sale, "Evaluation of Effect of Lateral Forces on Multi-Storeyed Rcc Frame by Considering Eccentricities of column loads" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Automatic detection Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy using image processing techniques
  RajuS. Maher, Dr. Mukta Dhopeshwarkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Diabetes is a chronic disease that is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. There are currently more than 190 million people with diabetes worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that this will rise to 221 million by the year 2010, largely due to population growth, ageing, urbanization and a sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes is currently the fourth main cause of death in most developed countries. In Singapore, the prevalence of diabetes in our population is 8.2% according to the 2004 National Health Survey. This is expected to grow as our population age. Diabetes, if not well managed and controlled, can progress steadily to devastating complications like blindness, nerve damage, kidney failure and heart disease. At present, various analyses on complicated interaction between hereditary and environmental factors are being undertaken regarding the onset of diabetes. The development of diabetic complication has become a major concern regarding the prognosis of diabetic patients. Diabetes Retinopathy is one of the most common diseases that people get affected by over the years. By doing this project, we hope to detect the stages of Diabetic Retinopathy as early as possible so as to prevent and cure more Singaporeans from falling prey to this disease.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes Retinopathy, World Health Organization (WHO), fundus Images.

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Raju S. Maher, Dr. Mukta Dhopeshwarkar, "Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy detection using automatic image processing techniques" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composites
  K.Sudha Madhuri, H.Raghavendra Rao, B.Chandra Mohan Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The chemical resistance of Bamboo/Glass reinforced Polyester hybrid composites to acetic acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium carbonate, Benzene, Toluene, Carbon tetrachloride and Water was studied. The tensile and impact properties of these composites were also studied. The effect of alkali treatment of bamboo fibers on these properties was studied. It was observed that the tensile and impact properties of the hybrid composites increase with glass fiber content. The author investigated the interfacial bonding between Glsss/Bamboo fiber composites by SEM. These properties found to be higher when alkali treated bamboo fibers were used in hybrid composites. The hybrid fiber composites showed better resistance to the chemicals mentioned above. The elimination of amorphous hemi-cellulose with alkali treatment leading to higher crystallinity of the bamboo fibers with alkali treatment may be responsible for these observations.
KEYWORDS: Bamboo Fiber, Composites, Chemical Resistance, Tensile Strength, Polyester, Impact Strength, Glass Fiber.

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K.Sudha Madhuri, H.Raghavendra Rao, B.Chandra Mohan Reddy, "Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo/Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester Composites" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design, Fabrication and Testing Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle
  K. P. Preethi Manohari Sai, K. Bharadwaj, K. Ravi Teja, Kalyan Dagamoori, Kasiraju Venkata Sai Tarun, Vishnu Vijayan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Flapping flight has the potential to revolutionize micro air vehicles (MAVs) due to increased aerodynamic performance, improved maneuverability and hover capabilities. The purpose of this project is to design and fabrication of flapping wing micro air vehicle. The designed MAV will have a wing span of 40cm. The drive mechanism will be a gear mechanism to drive the flapping wing MAV, along with one actuator. Initially, a preliminary design of flapping wing MAV is drawn and necessary calculation for the lift calculation has been done. Later a CAD model is drawn in CATIA V5 software. Finally we tested by Flying.
KEYWORDS: Flapping wing mav, Ornithopter, Components of MEMS etc.

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M.Sai Dheeraj, KalyanDagamoori, AnushParsa, K. Bharadwaj, K. Preethi Manohari Sai, K. Ravi Teja, Vishnu Vijayan, "A Study And Brief Research On Design, Fabrication Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Direct Kinematic modeling of 6R Robot using Robotics Toolbox
  Prashant Badoni
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The traditional approaches are insufficient to solve the complex kinematics problems of the redundant robotic manipulators. To overcome such intricacy, Peter Corke's Robotics Toolbox [1] is utilized in the present study. This paper aims to model the direct kinematics of a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) Robotic arm. The Toolbox uses the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) Methodology [2] to compute the kinematic model of the robot.
KEYWORDS: Direct Kinematics Solution, MATLAB, Robotic Toolbox, Robot manipulator.

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Prashant Badoni, "Direct Kinematic modeling of 6R Robot using Robotics Toolbox" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comparative Study on Profile Based Location Management for Personal Communication Network (Pcs)
  Sasikumar. P, Tilahun. A, Loganathan .S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Location of the mobile user is registered to the two databases for call tracking and those registration processes basis much network traffic. By this speed of Call delivery reduced and location updating cost improved. In this paper, the first method a new meek location management by registering Representative VLR of group of certain VLRs regionally and broadcasting for searching a mobile user, so called rVLR-B.This The representative VLR of several VLRs and register mobile users' location. When set up the call path between mobile users, the VLR of the caller inquiries callee's rVLR for searching the location of callee instead of demanding to VLR of callee. And then rVLR broadcast the callee's location to all VLR of the region simultaneously. Location registration is only performed when a mobile user visits a new rVLR network area from present area. Using the rVLR-B, the cost of maintaining location of mobile users was abridged. The second technique for reducing the costs during the location tracking and location update is proposed. Taking the regular movement pattern of the users it produces the block and the user registers with the HLR only after crossing the block instead of crossing the single cell. The block register (BR) is introduced between the block and the HLR in two level systems to preserve the blocks, thus creates three level architecture. In this architecture some signaling cost values between the MSC-BR, BRHLR and BR-BR are maintained to get the better enactment. By the rVLR-B and BR the performance of speed of call delivery improved and location updation will be diminished.
KEYWORDS: Home Location Register, Visitor Location Register, Mobile Switching Center, Base Station, Block Register, Mobile Station, r-VLR- Representative VLR.

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Sasikumar. P, Tilahun. A, Loganathan .S, "A Comparative Study on Profile Based Location Management for Personal Communication Network (Pcs)" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Fuzzy Inventory Model with Perishable and Aging Items
  T. Chitrakalarani, P. Yugavathi, R. Neelambari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A parametric multi-period inventory model for perishable items considered in this paper. Each item in the stock perishes in a given period of time with some uncertainty. A model derived for recursive unnormalized conditional distributions of {} given the information accumulated about the inventory level- surviving items processes.
KEYWORDS: optimal replenishment schedule, fuzzy Markov chain, fuzzy random variable, possibility space, fuzzy indicator function.

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T. Chitrakalarani, P. Yugavathi, R. Neelambari, "A Fuzzy Inventory Model with Perishable and Aging Items" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Based Intention Prediction Techniques
  Mrs. Manisha Bharati, Dr. Santosh Lomte
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The extensive use of virtualization in implementing cloud infrastructure brings unrivaled security concerns for cloud tenants or customers and introduces an additional layer that itself must be completely configured and secured. Intruders can exploit the large amount of cloud resources for their attacks. This paper discusses two approaches In the first three features namely ongoing attacks, autonomic prevention actions, and risk measure are Integrated to our Autonomic Cloud Intrusion Detection Framework (ACIDF) as most of the current security technologies do not provide the essential security features for cloud systems such as early warnings about future ongoing attacks, autonomic prevention actions, and risk measure. The early warnings are signaled through a new finite State Hidden Markov prediction model that captures the interaction between the attackers and cloud assets. The risk assessment model measures the potential impact of a threat on assets given its occurrence probability. The estimated risk of each security alert is updated dynamically as the alert is correlated to prior ones. This enables the adaptive risk metric to evaluate the cloud's overall security state. The prediction system raises early warnings about potential attacks to the autonomic component, controller. Thus, the controller can take proactive corrective actions before the attacks pose a serious security risk to the system.
KEYWORDS: Hidden Markov model (HMM), user action Recognition, smart home systems, intention prediction, sequence learning, attack plan.

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Mrs. Manisha Bharati, Dr. Santosh Lomte, "A Survey on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Based Intention Prediction Techniques" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Ergonomic Evaluation of the Angle of Abduction in Laptops Environment
  Imtiaz Ali Khan, Adil A, Khan S, and Imadullah S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Laptops in 21^st century are an integral part of every professional in vivid fields. Off late there has been emergence of several ergonomic injuries such as repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) due to extensive usage of laptops, which can be closely linked with applied force and postures. This study investigated the effect of various angles of keyboard on the applied force and motor action plus response time while performing five distinct tasks. On the basis of literature two different laptops were selected for performing different tasks. For each case the three levels of platform angle were considered as 0°, 5°, and 10°. Male subjects were selected to perform five distinct tasks for each platform angle for both laptops. The force applied (in milli-volts) and the motor action plus response time (milli-seconds) were recorded using an oscilloscope. The data collected were analyzed through ANOVA using MINITAB software. The abduction angle with the least mean response time and applied force were considered as the best from ergonomics viewpoint. The ANOVA results showed that the angle of abduction for both laptops (small and large) do have significant effect on applied force but not on motor action plus response time. The analysis of results indicate that 10° angle of abduction in case of small laptops should be applied to minimize musculoskeletal disorder and repetitive strain injuries. Research relevance: This work suggests that those responsible for the function and operation of laptops would have to redesign the system to reduce injuries, as far as musculoskeletal disorder, repetitive strain injuries and other related problems are concerned. The present work can be quite useful for the system designers of tomorrow.
Keywords: ANOVA, Laptops, Force applied, Motor action time, Response time, Abduction angle.
Keywords - Curve Video text;Gaussian Filter;Gray level Co-occurrence matrix;Round scan Method.

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Imtiaz Ali Khan, Adil A, Khan S, and Imadullah S, "Ergonomic Evaluation of the Angle of Abduction in Laptops Environment"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Potential Application of Gasification for Biomass Power Generation in Isolated Area from National Electricity Company in Indonesia
  Kiman Siregar, Sholihati, Syafriandi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Indonesia has renewable energy source very large, as biomass. Installed capacity power plants of Indonesia now 53,585 MW, where the potential energy biomass is the largest of renewable sources of energy that owned by Indonesia. The machine of gasification is designed to produce combustible gas (CO, H₂, CH₄). These combustible gas are produced to replace fossil fuel as engine fuel to generate electricity. However, the properties and characteristics of these combustible gas should meet the characteristic of the engine as every engine has its own specific characteristic. In this research, Biomass Power Generation (BPG) which work more properly with CO was used. High level of tar contained in produced combustible gas contaminates the engine filter rapidly. Therefore, the machine cannot be operated at a longer time. The objective of this research was to study the potential application of downdraft gasification machine with high content of CO and low production of tar. Downdraft gasification machine which designed in this research had installed capacity as much as 50 kW with reactor diameter and height were 900 mm and 1000 mm, respectively. The testing result showed that power generated from this machine was 40 kW, efficiency 80 % and can be operated for 6 hours. The optimum combustible gas produced by this machine occurred at CO, H₂ and CH₄ content were 21.75 %, 13.12 % and 1.12 %, respectively. Besides of using active carbon, tar removal was carried out using dust trap system (wet scrubber). The potential reduction of value of greenhouse gases emission is about 37 until 67 %. Based on an analysis calculation of financial , a test performance of gasification, and analysis of environmental impact, the use of system gasification can be used on a system a power plant in the isolated area from national electricity company in Indonesia.
Keywords - Downdraft gasification, Biomass Power Generation, electricity, combustible gas, GHG emission

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Kiman Siregar, Sholihati, Syafriandi, "The Potential Application of Gasification for Biomass Power Generation in Isolated Area from National Electricity Company in Indonesia"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Hypothetical Study on Structural aspects of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) by Hyperchem and Arguslab 4 software
  K. Laxmi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a plant compound derived from glucosinolates, found in cruciferous vegetables. Researchers have indicated that I3C shows great promise as a cancer preventative and hormone-balancing agent. HyperChem 7.5 software was used for quantum mechanical calculations. The geometry optimization was carried out using Ab Initio method. QSAR parameters were generated with semi empirical single point AM1 method. The HOMO and LUMO frontier orbital energies were also computed. Conformational analysis and geometry optimization of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was performed according to the Hartree-Fock (HF) calculation method by ArgusLab 4.0.1 software .The minimum heat of formation is calculated by geometry convergence function by ArgusLab software. PM3 semi empirical quantum mechanical calculations were carried out on structure of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) to obtain the geometries, geometric parameters and thermodynamic parameters. The HOMO and LUMO frontier orbital energies were also computed for the optimized molecule. Electron density surface of IDOX is determined using PM3 geometry with PM3 wavefunciton.
Keywords: I3C, Hyperchem 7.5 Software, QSAR, Argus Lab 4.0.1, conformational analysis, geometry optimization, HOMO, LUMO

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K. Laxmi, "A Hypothetical Study on Structural aspects of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) by Hyperchem and Arguslab 4 software"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Solid Particle Erosion response of fiber and particulate filled polymer based hybrid composites: A review
  Yogesh M, Dr. Hari Rao A N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The solid particle erosion behaviour of fiber and particulate filled polymer composites has been reviewed. An overview of the problem of solid particle erosion was given with respect to the processes and modes during erosion with focus on polymer matrix composites. The new aspects in the experimental studies of erosion of fiber and particulate filled polymer composites were emphasized in this paper. Various predictions and models proposed to describe the erosion rate were listed and their suitability was mentioned. Implementation of design of experiments and statistical techniques in analyzing the erosion behaviour of composites was discussed. Recent findings on erosion response of multi-component hybrid composites were also presented. Recommendations were given on how to solve some open questions related to the structureerosion resistance relationships for polymers and polymer based hybrid composites.
Keywords: Solid particle erosion, Polymer matrix composites, Fiber, Hybrid, Taguchi method, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

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Yogesh M, Dr. Hari Rao A N, "Solid Particle Erosion response of fiber and particulate filled polymer based hybrid composites: A review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Assessment of Performance Characteristic of Solar Air Heater with Assorted Geometries - A Review
  Alok Kumar Rohit, A.M. Lanjewar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Artificial roughness is an efficient way for increasing the heat transfer rate in solar air heater with the corresponding improvement in its thermal performance. A viscous sub-layer is responsible for the low heat transfer coefficient between absorber plate and flowing air. Repeated ribs in form of artificial roughness are an effective way to increase the heat transfer rate and improving the performance of solar air heater. Artificial roughness of the absorber plate is much economical and effective way to improve the thermal performance of solar air heater. Several investigators have done various investigations to improve heat transfer coefficient with little penalty of friction factor. They have also developed different correlation for heat transfer coefficient and friction factor. The correlations developed for heat transfer and friction factor by various investigators have been reviewed and presented.
Keywords: Solar air heater, Absorber plate, Artificial roughness, Review

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Alok Kumar Rohit, A.M. Lanjewar, "Assessment of Performance Characteristic of Solar Air Heater with Assorted Geometries - A Review" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A New Approximation of Water Saturation Estimation Based on Vertical Seismic Profiling Data
  Sismanto
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water saturation is the ratio between the volumes of fluid in the rock pores. Water saturation is one of the important reservoir parameters to be known in the exploration or exploitation of oil and gas. I have developed a new technique to estimate the distribution of water saturation values based on the seismic wave attenuation analysis, frequency and porosity from the equation of Biot-Turgut-Yamamoto-Sismanto. It is applied to the real data using the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data in Pasir Cantang well, West Java for some layers. The obtained values of water saturation have not been calibrated to the known value of the well. This step needs to be done, so that the results that have been corrected can be performed to estimate the area around the well Pasir Cantang guided by seismic section. Regardless of the calibration factor, the method of the water saturation estimation on VSP data can technically be well done but still needs necessary calibration for the accuracy.
Keywords - Water saturation estimation, Biot-Turgut-Yamamoto-Sismanto, Pasir Cantang.

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Sismanto, "A New Approximation of Water Saturation Estimation Based on Vertical Seismic Profiling Data"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Absorption Reduction Capacity with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminants of Vetiver Phytoremediation Process on Compost Soil
  Ahamad Zubair, Mary Selintung, Lawalena Samang and Hanapi Usman
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the large of reduction capacity of chromium metals and cadmium in the soil compost media and absorption capacity of chrome and cadmium in phytoremediation process of vetiver; to compare the reduction-absorption capacities of chromium and cadmium metals in phytoremediation process of vetiver (Vetivera zizanioides). The study was carried out for 2 months with a range of sampling every 7 days, and then analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contaminants used as artificial contaminants containing heavy metals chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). This study is an experimental research includes two variables. First, the variations of Cr concentrations used were 400 ppm, 600 ppm and 800 ppm and Cd concentrations used were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 800 ppm. Secondly, the variations of total plant are 3, 6, and 9 plant. The period of observation is made every week. Planting media used is compost soil with compost and clay composition of 20%, 30% and 40%. The results of study showed that there are a significant relationship between the reduction capacity of Cr and Cd of compost soil and the absorption capacity of Cr and Cd for vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The higher of Cr and Cd decreases in soil followed by increased levels of Cr and Cd in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The capacity of Cr reduction varies between 57% - 86% and Cd 36% - 64% where as the absorption capacity of vetiver on Cr between 38% - 75% and Cd between 34%-74%. The capacity of reduction-absorption of Cr is relatively higher than Cd in phytoremediation process of vetiver.
Keywords: Pollution, Chromium and Cadmium, Phytoremediation, Absorption, Reduction, Vetiver

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Ahamad Zubair, Mary Selintung, Lawalena Samang and Hanapi Usman, "Absorption Reduction Capacity with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminants of Vetiver Phytoremediation Process on Compost Soil"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Plasma-chemical treatment of industrial wastewaters from brewery "Brasseries du Cameroun", Bafoussam factory
  Estella T. Njoyim, Yves T. Djoko, Julius Ghogomu, Serge A. Djepang, Samuel Laminsi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This work focuses on the study of the chemical reactivity of an advanced oxidation process (AOP), called the plasma technique, in order to prevent industrial effluent from pollution and better cope to several damage of environment. The oxidizing and acidifying properties of an electric discharge of the gliding arc plasma and its application to a target which is a real effluent (wastewater from Brasseries du Cameroun -Bafoussam plant) fascinated this study. Samples were collected from the central collecting point (CCP) of the effluent. The collected effluent samples were analyzed by volumetric and instrumental methods, and then exposed to the gliding discharge during specific time periods of 3-60 min to exhibit the desired decontamination effects. At the end of 60 min of exposure time to the discharge, 52.22% and 50.19% obtained respectively to abatement of turbidity and rate of fall in absorbance. This reduction can be explained by the fact that the coloured compounds were degraded and this degradation gave rise to the transparent appearance observed. After stopping the discharge process, the abatement percentage of BOD₅, COD and TOC, were obtained at the same time (60min) with values of 52.05%, 68.63% and 69.37% respectively. These results reflect the considerable reduction of the pollution load of the wastewaters collected from CCP of the brewery. These results showed that the effectiveness of the gliding arc plasma depends not only on the physico-chemical parameters of the target, but also on the exposure time and concluded that the non-thermal plasma process alone provides good reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater. Moreover, the phenomenon of post- discharge, even though not studied in details demonstrated that, after switching the discharge, the evolution of parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and TDS increase.
Keywords: gliding arc plasma, Industrial wastewater, pollution, abatement, post-discharge.

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Estella T. Njoyim, Yves T. Djoko, Julius Ghogomu, Serge A. Djepang, Samuel Laminsi, "Plasma-chemical treatment of industrial wastewaters from brewery "Brasseries du Cameroun", Bafoussam factory"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear Connection System under Vertical Loading
  Omid Monshi Toussi, Payam Sarir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Keywords - Composite Slab Deck, Deflection, Finite Element (FE) Analysis, Interface, LUSAS

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Omid Monshi Toussi, Payam Sarir, "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear Connection System under Vertical Loading" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A case study on Machine scheduling and sequencing using Meta heuristicsl
  Sarfaraz ahmad, Ashok kumar jha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Modern manufacturing systems are constantly increasing in complexity and become more agile in nature such system has become more crucial to check feasibility of machine scheduling and sequencing because effective scheduling and sequencing can yield increase in productivity due to maximum utilization of available resources but when number of machine increases traditional scheduling methods e.g. Johnson‟s ,rule is becomes in effective Due to the limitations involved in exhaustive enumeration, for such problems meta-heuristics has become greater choice for solving NP hard problems because of their multi solution and strong neighbourhood search capability in a reasonable time.
Keywords - Manufacturing systems, Meta-heuristics, productivity

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Sarfaraz ahmad, Ashok kumar jha, "A case study on Machine scheduling and sequencing using Meta heuristicsl"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Arbutin from Leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas ssp. elaeagnifolia (Rosaceae) by Response Surface Methodology
  Mehtap DONMEZ SAHIN, Ibrahim BULDUK
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas. ssp. elaeagnifolia is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases in Turkey. The leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia are a rich source of arbutin, which is a naturally occurring derivative of hydroquinone. It is found in various plant species belonging to diverse families, such as Lamiaceae, Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae and Rosaceae. It inhibits tyrosinase and has been employed as a cosmetic skin whitening agent. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the condition for extraction of arbutin from the leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia. Three influencing factors; methanol concentration, period of ultrasoundassisted extraction and extraction temperature were investigated in the ultrasonic aqueous extraction. The Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the extraction process focused on arbutin content with respect to the above influencing factors. The best combination of each significant factor was determined by RSM design and optimum pretreatment conditions for maximum arbutin content were established to be methanol concentration of 48.54 %, extraction time of 39.32 min. And extraction temperature of 43.71 0C. Under these conditions 5.37 % of arbutin content was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 5.30 %.
Keywords - Arbutin, Extraction, Optimization, Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia, RSM.

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Mehtap DONMEZ SAHIN, Ibrahim BULDUK, "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Arbutin from Leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas ssp. elaeagnifolia (Rosaceae) by Response Surface Methodology"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Critical View on Pedagogical Dimension of Architectural Education in India
  Ar. Mahendra H. Sonawane, Dr. Vasudha A. Gokhale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The built environment is becoming more complex in terms of its quality and structure. In such circumstances architectural education pedagogical strategies has to be modified to address social, political, economical and environmental issues and challenges. Innovative interdisciplinary strategies in architecture education have to be organized in a way which leads to better architecture and urban environments. Pure theoretical approaches are to be related to practice which can be done with pedagogy comprising real-life examples in respect to new models and collaboration between architecture education and non-academic partners. This paper discusses the status of current architectural education in India.It examine the student‟s perception regarding teaching and learning in schools of architecture from the state of Maharashtra It is aimed to highlight the need for paradigm shift in pedagogy in schools imparting architectural education in India to enhance learning in architecture education.
Keywords: Pedagogy, learning, perception, lecture, visual.

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Ar. Mahendra H. Sonawane, Dr. Vasudha A. Gokhale, "A Critical View on Pedagogical Dimension of Architectural Education in India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System
  Ayman Seksak Elsaid, Wael A. Mohamed, Salah Ghazy Ramadan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control. To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Keywords- Variable Frequency Drive, Programmable Logic Controller, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Incremental rotary encoder, Simatic manager software V5.5, WINCC explorer software V7.2

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Ayman Seksak Elsaid, Wael A. Mohamed, Salah Ghazy Ramadan, "Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Measurement of luminescence life time of the Nd³⁺ ions in the 6-FDA/UVR and Al₂o₃ hosts
  Dr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. R.K. Seth, Er. Janak Chand
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Luminescence life time measurements of the Nd³⁺ ions in the 6-FDA/UVR and Al₂o₃ hosts were performed using a Laser diode emitting at 800nm as the excitation source. Optical losses in both materials have been studied and compared absorption bands of Nd³⁺ have been observed at 580nm ,745nm, 800nm and 870nm . Based on which Judd- ofelt analysis has been applied to study the transition properties of Nd³⁺ ions in the two hosts. Photoluminescence spectra of Nd³⁺ have been experimentally studied and emission around 880nm, 1060nm and 1330nm is observed, which indicates that Nd³⁺ ions are active in these two hosts.
Keywords:- luminescence life time, Excitation source, Laser diode, Optical loss, Photoluminescence, absorption bands etc

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Dr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. R.K. Seth, Er. Janak Chand, "Study of Measurement of luminescence life time of the Nd3+ ions in the 6-FDA/UVR and Al2o3 hosts"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Alert System for High Speed Vehicles to Avoid Wildlife Accidents
  Rana Biswas, Aashijit Mukhopadhyay, Naved Ahmed Tagala, Christina Marissa Mehta, Somrita Banerjee, Sanjukta Das, Barsha Mandal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

"Alert System for High Speed Vehicles to Avoid Wildlife Accidents" is an alert system used to safeguard our wildlife. We often hear of various accidents of wild animals like elephant, nilgai etc., who are trying to cross the railway track. So, an intelligent electronics system is necessary which can be affixed to avoid the possibilities of accidents. Regarding this, in our project we are using a Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) which is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view and switches ON any electrical/electronic device to which it is connected to. The key component of the sensor module is the pyroelectric element. All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it is radiated at infrared wavelengths, but it is detected by this PIR sensor. This sensor does not radiate any energy for detection purposes and thus, it has no harmful effects on living beings. In our project the PIR sensor is used as a part of a burglar alarm and the electronic in the PIR typically control a small relay. This relay completes the circuit across a pair of electrical contacts connected to a detection input zone of the burglar alarm control panel. The system is usually designed such that if no living creature is being detected, the relay contact is closed- a "normally closed‟ (NC) relay. If energy emitted from any nearby creature is detected, the relay opens, triggering the alarm, a signal will be directly sent to the driver‟s chamber and it will create a message in the LED screen of his chamber also an alarm will be heard which we have implemented using an ultrasonic sensor hc-sr04.
Keywords - Arduino UNO, Buzzer, GSM SIM 300, PIR Sensor, SMS, Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor

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Rana Biswas, Aashijit Mukhopadhyay, Naved Ahmed Tagala, Christina Marissa Mehta, Somrita Banerjee, Sanjukta Das, Barsha Mandal, "Alert System for High Speed Vehicles to Avoid Wildlife Accidents"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Relationship between Employee Satisfaction and Its Determinants
  N.Silpa, Dr. P. ChittiBabu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Satisfaction refers to the level of fulfillment of one needs, wants and desire. Satisfaction dependsbasicallyuponwhatanindividual wants from the world, and what he gets. Employee satisfaction is a measure of how happy workers are with their job and working environment and may be many factors affecting the organizational effectiveness and one of them is the employee satisfaction. Effective organizations should have a culture that encourages the employee satisfaction. Many measures support that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement and positive employee morale in the work place. So the present study to explain the relationship between employee satisfaction and its determinants by using statistical tools.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Factors, Needs, Measures, satisfaction.

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N.Silpa, Dr. P. ChittiBabu, "A Study on Relationship between Employee Satisfaction and Its Determinants"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Stress and Deflection of Cantilever Beam and its Validation Using ANSYS
  Ashis Kumar Samal, T. Eswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study investigates the deflection and stress distribution in a long, slender cantilever beam of uniform rectangular cross section made of linear elastic material properties that are homogeneous and isotropic. The deflection of a cantilever beam is essentially a three dimensional problem. An elastic stretching in one direction is accompanied by a compression in perpendicular directions. The beam is modeled under the action of three different loading conditions: vertical concentrated load applied at the free end, uniformly distributed load and uniformly varying load which runs over the whole span. The weight of the beam is assumed to be negligible. It is also assumed that the beam is inextensible and so the strains are also negligible. Considering this assumptions at first using the Bernoulli-Euler's bendingmoment curvature relationship, the approximate solutions of the cantilever beam was obtained from the general set of equations. Then assuming a particular set of dimensions, the deflection and stress values of the beam are calculated analytically. Finite element analysis of the beam was done considering various types of elements under different loading conditions in ANSYS 14.5. The various numerical results were generated at different nodal points by taking the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system at the fixed end of the beam. The nodal solutions were analyzed and compared. On comparing the computational and analytical solutions it was found that for stresses the 8 node brick element gives the most consistent results and the variation with the analytical results is minimum.
Keywords: Cantilever, loading, ANSYS, element, Cartesian Coordinate System.

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Ashis Kumar Samal, T. Eswara Rao, "Analysis of Stress and Deflection of Cantilever Beam and its Validation Using ANSYS"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Approaches For Chromatic Squander Less Visceral Coding Techniques Using Maneuver Stabilization
  R.Preethi, S.Igni Sabasti Prabu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recent advances in video capturing and display technologies, along with the exponentially increasing demand of video services, challenge the video coding research community to design new algorithms able to significantly improve the compression performance of the current H.264/AVC standard. This target is currently gaining evidence with the standardization activities in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) project. The distortion models used in HEVC are mean squared error (MSE) and sum of absolute difference (SAD). However, they are widely criticized for not correlating well with perceptual image quality. The structural similarity (SSIM) index has been found to be a good indicator of perceived image quality. Meanwhile, it is computationally simple compared with other state-of-the-art perceptual quality measures and has a number of desirable mathematical properties for optimization tasks. We propose a perceptual video coding method to improve upon the current HEVC based on an SSIM-inspired divisive normalization scheme as an attempt to transform the DCT domain frame prediction residuals to a perceptually uniform space before encoding. Based on the residual divisive normalization process, we define a distortion model for mode selection and show that such a divisive normalization strategy largely simplifies the subsequent perceptual rate-distortion optimization procedure. We further adjust the divisive normalization factors based on local content of the video frame. Experiments show that the scheme can achieve significant gain in terms of rate-SSIM performance and better visual quality when compared with HEVC.
Index Terms— SSIM index, Normalization factor, perceptual video coding, rate distortion optimization, residual divisive normalization, H.264/AVC coding

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R.Preethi, S.Igni Sabasti Prabu, "A Novel Approaches For Chromatic Squander Less Visceral Coding Techniques Using Maneuver Stabilization" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sustainable Buildings In Hot And Dry Climate Of India
  Rajesh Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The consumption of energy in the buildings is increasing as the development is taking at a very fast rate. No evidence is now required to prove that the present climate changes are directly linked to the human activities and also the concerns regarding exploitation of the fossil fuel have reached a level where the negative effect are having impact on the life of a common man. Passive Architecture involves blending conventional architectural principles with solar & wind energy and the inherent properties of building materials to ensure that the interiors remain warm in winter and cool in summer, thus creating a yearround comfortable environment. Various solar passive techniques have been studied in detail so that the undesirable impact in hot and dry climate could be mitigated. It is concluded that with the application of these techniques the building could be made comfortable with comparatively less use of energy.
Keywords: sustainable design, orientation, building envelop, massive structure, courtyards, solar chimney, evaporative cooling, air tunnels, air flow.

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Rajesh Sharma, "Sustainable Buildings In Hot And Dry Climate Of India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Hybrid method of face detection based on Feature Extraction using PIFR and Feature Optimization using TLBO
  Kapil Verma, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we proposed a face detection method based on feature selection and feature optimization. Now in current research trend of biometric security used the process of feature optimization for better improvement of face detection technique. Basically our face consists of three types of feature such as skin color, texture and shape and size of face. The most important feature of face is skin color and texture of face. In this detection technique used texture feature of face image. For the texture extraction of image face used partial feature extraction function, these function is most promising shape feature analysis. For the selection of feature and optimization of feature used multi-objective TLBO. TLBO algorithm is population based searching technique and defines two constraints function for the process of selection and optimization. The proposed algorithm of face detection based on feature selection and feature optimization process. Initially used face image data base and passes through partial feature extractor function and these transform function gives a texture feature of face image. For the evaluation of performance our proposed algorithm implemented in MATLAB 7.8.0 software and face image used provided by Google face image database. For numerical analysis of result used hit and miss ratio. Our empirical evaluation of result shows better prediction result in compression of PIFR method of face detection.
Keywords - Feature extraction, Face recognition system, pattern recognition, TLBO

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Kapil Verma, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain, "A Hybrid method of face detection based on Feature Extraction using PIFR and Feature Optimization using TLBO"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Screening of Preliminary Phytochemicals and Their Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Toddalia Asiatica (L.) Lam., Debregeasia Longifolia (Burm.F.) Wedd. And Polygala Arillata Buch.-Ham Ex Don
  Radhamani.T and S. John Britto
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim this research paper was to evaluate the phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activities of ethanolic extract of plants like Toddalia asiatica, Polygala arillata, Debregeasia longifolia. The main secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavnoids, Tannins and Saponin have been evaluated among the plants analysed. The antioxidant potential of ethenolic extract of T. asiatica, P. arillata and D. longifolia leaf and stem using tests involving inhibition of lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radicals, Superoxide anions and 1, 1-diphenyl 2- picrl – hydrazyl free radical (DDPH). The present study revealed that ethanolic extract of Leaf and stem of T. asiatica, P. arillata and D. longifolia are the potential sources of natural antioxidants that could be of greater importance in folkloric medicines.
Key words: Phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity, Toddalia asiatica, Polygala arillata, Debregeasia longifolia

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Radhamani.T and S. John Britto, "Screening of Preliminary Phytochemicals and Their Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Toddalia Asiatica (L.) Lam., Debregeasia Longifolia (Burm.F.) Wedd. And Polygala Arillata Buch.-Ham Ex Don"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Online Votes and Fund analysis for political parties with Data Security
  Ashwin Shinde, Sumedha Chokhandre, Ketki Khante, Chandrashekhar Gode
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the traditional fund management and vote bank analysis, it was difficult to manage and analyze the details of fund collection and vote bank where all the records and relevant details were maintained at manual level, which is always a troublesome process. To overcome these problems, an online web application is being developed which provide the means of maintaining the funds gathered, Analyzing vote bank generated, Analysis of area wise grievances and providing data security using encryption algorithms like Advanced Encryption standard enabling two step verification mechanisms such as legitimate user authentication and secured access to data. Also various reports will be generated depicting graphical assessment of information gathered.
Keywords - Registration and Fund donations, Data Security, Report Generation

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Ashwin Shinde, Sumedha Chokhandre, Ketki Khante, Chandrashekhar Gode, "Online Votes and Fund analysis for political parties with Data Security"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Using Remote Sensing Techniques For Monitoring Ecological Changes In Lakes: Case Study Of Lake Naivasha
  Benjamin Ghansaha, David. M. Harperb, Eric. K. Forkuoa, Richard Appoh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The ability to use remote sensing in studying lake ecology lies in the capability of satellite sensors to measure the spectral reflectance of constituents in water bodies. This reflectance can be used to determine the concentration of the constituents of the water column through mathematical relationships. This work identified a simple linear equation for estimating suspended matter in Lake Naivasha with reflectance in Landsat7 ETM+ image. A R² = 0.94, n = 6 for suspended matter was obtained. Archive of Landsat imagery was used to produce maps of suspended matter concentrations in the lake. The suspended matter concentrations at five different locations in the lake over 30 year's period were then estimated. It was therefore concluded that the ecological changes Lake Naivasha is experiencing is the result of the high water abstraction and the effect of climate change.
KEY WORDS: Archive, Changes in Climate, Ecology, Landsat Imagery, Lake Naivasha, Remote Sensing,

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Benjamin Ghansaha, David. M. Harperb, Eric. K. Forkuoa, Richard Appoh, "Using Remote Sensing Techniques For Monitoring Ecological Changes In Lakes: Case Study Of Lake Naivasha"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Finite Element Simulation of Steel Plate Concrete Beams subjected to Shear
  C. H. Luu, Xin Nie, Feng Qin, Yue Yang, Y. L. Mo, Feng Fan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In a test series ofSteel plate Concrete (SC) beams conducted by the authorsto determine the minimum shear reinforcement ratio, complex structural behavior of the tested beams was observed, including shear cracking occurred within the concrete in the web and bond-slip failure of the bottom steel plate of the beam due to insufficient shear reinforcement ratio (Qin et al. 2015).This paper focuses on finite element simulation (FEM) of the SC beams withemphasis on shear and bond-slip behavior. A new constitutive model is proposed to account for the bond-slip behavior of steel plates. Also, the Cyclic Softened Membrane Model proposed by Hsu and Mo (2010)is utilized to simulate the shear behavior of concrete with embedded shear reinforcement. Both constitutive models areimplemented into a finite element analysis program based on the framework of OpenSees (2013).The proposed FEM is able to capturethe behavior of the tested SC beams.

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C. H. Luu, Xin Nie, Feng Qin, Yue Yang, Y. L. Mo, Feng Fan, "Finite Element Simulation of Steel Plate Concrete Beams subjected to Shear"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Climatic variability and spatial distribution of herbaceous fodders in the Sudanian zone of Benin (West Africa)
  Myrèse C. Ahoudji, B.S.C. Dan, Marcel R.B. Houinato, Jorgen Axelsen and A.B. Sinsin
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study focused on future spatial distributions of Andropogon gayanus, Loxodera ledermanii and Alysicarpus ovalifolius regarding bioclimatic variables in the Sudanian zone of Benin, particularly in the W Biosphere Reserve (WBR). These species were selected according to their importance for animals feed and the intensification of exploitation pressure induced change in their natural spatial distribution. Twenty (20) bioclimatic variables were tested and variables with high auto-correlation values were eliminated. Then, we retained seven climatic variables for the model. A MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) method was used to identify all climatic factors which determined the spatial distribution of the three species. Spatial distribution showed for Andropogon gayanus, a regression of high area distribution in detriment of low and moderate areas. The same trend was observed for Loxodera ledermannii spatial distribution. For Alysicarpus ovalifolius, currently area with moderate and low distribution were the most represented but map showed in 2050 that area with high distribution increased. We can deduce that without bioclimatic variables, others factors such as: biotic interactions, dispersion constraints, anthropic pressure, human activities and another historic factor determined spatial distribution of species. Modeling techniques that require only presence data are therefore extremely valuable.
Keywords:Bioclimatic variables, Distribution, Fodders, MaxEnt, Model.

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Myrèse C. Ahoudji, B.S.C. Dan, Marcel R.B. Houinato, Jorgen Axelsen and A.B. Sinsin, "Climatic variability and spatial distribution of herbaceous fodders in the Sudanian zone of Benin (West Africa)"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Effect of Chitosan, Sorbitol, and Heating Temperature Bioplastic Solution on Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic from Durian Seed Starch (Durio zibehinus)
  M. Hendra S. Ginting, Maria Kristiani, Yunella Amelia, Rosdanelli Hasibuan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, bioplastics is often researched to substitute the conventional plastics because bioplastics come from raw materials that is very enviromentally friendly and bioplastics is degradable. The purposes of this research are to know the characteristics of starch from durian seed and to know the effect of additional chitosan as filler, sorbitol as plasticizer, and variation of heating temperature bioplastic solution on mechanical properties of bioplastics. In process, the ratio between durian-seed starch and chitosan are 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1 gram, while the concentration of sorbitol are 20%, 30%, and 40%. The heating temperature of bioplastic solution is varied at 70 oC, 80 oC and 90 oC. Result of bioplastic FTIR shows there is increation of wave number N-H from 1570.06 cm- 1 to 1589.34 cm-1 and O-H from 3352.28 cm-1 to 3653.18 cm-1. The characteristic of durian seed starch has water content 12.73%, ash content 0,51%, starch content 76,65%, amylose content 22.34%, amylopectin content 54.32%, protein content 11.61%, and fat content 0.61%. Optimum mechanical properties of bioplastic from durian seed starch occurs in heating temperature 70 oC with composition between durian-seed starch and chitosan is 7:3 grams and sorbitol 20.0 grams.
Keywords -starch, durian, chitosan, sorbitol, bioplastic

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M. Hendra S. Ginting, Maria Kristiani, Yunella Amelia, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, "The Effect of Chitosan, Sorbitol, and Heating Temperature Bioplastic Solution on Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic from Durian Seed Starch (Durio zibehinus)"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Crop Insurance, the Backbone of Indian farming community- Issues and Challenges
  Mr Susil Kumar Sarangi, Dr Dibakar Panigrahi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The dynamism of the farming sector, and its environment, is reflected in developments in the design of new insurance products. In the last decade two types of new products have been introduced. In some cases these have partially displaced existing covers; in others they have resulted in demand from new clients. Implementation of technology in farming usually involves investment. Such changes also frequently alter the risk profile of the enterprise. There are occasions when insurance can be a key component in a range of risk management strategies for the insurers. From an administrative point of view bank-insurer linkages make a lot of sense, since both these providers of financial services require similar client data.
This type of link, crop insurance and loans, is already very common, both in developing and developed agriculture. The vast, heavily subsidized scheme in India is largely linked to bank lending. So instead of the usual policy wording, such as indemnity, or range of indemnity levels, or a per hectare basis for a given crop, for losses from specific causes, the coupon merely gives a monetary sum which becomes payable on certification that the named weather event, of specified severity, has occurred. Again the role of state is very important making available crop insurance on a large scale, as they are public good in nature. Recently in Odisha, for crops such as Niger, cotton, red grams, jute, turmeric, ginger and banana, the farmers of selected blocks in some district could take advantage of the scheme. Because indemnity claim is settled only on the basis of yield data furnished by the State government. Hence the criteria that is based on requisite number of crop cutting experiments conducted under general crop estimation surveys should be supported by State to offer desired result in crop insurance.
Key Words: -Insurance Product, Banker-Insurance Linkage, Indemnity, Crop Estimation Survey

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Mr Susil Kumar Sarangi, Dr Dibakar Panigrahi, "Crop Insurance, the Backbone of Indian farming community- Issues and Challenges" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Framework for Bridges Maintenance in Egypt
  Hesham Abd Elkhaleka, Sherif M. Hafezb, Yasser El Fahham
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The traditional approaches for bridges maintenance is proven to be inefficient as they lead to random way of spending maintenance budget and deteriorating bridge conditions. In many cases, maintenance activities are performed due to user complaints. The objective of this paper is to develop a practical and reliable framework to manage the maintenance and repair activities of Bridges network in Egypt considering performance and budget limits. The model solves an optimization problem that maximizes the average condition of the network given the limited budget using Genetic Algorithm (GA).
The main tasks of the system are bridge inventory, condition assessment, deterioration using markov model, and maintenance optimization. The developed model takes into account multiple parameters including serviceability requirements, budget allocation, element importance on structural safety and serviceability, bridge impact on network, and traffic. A questionnaire is conducted to complete the research scope. The proposed model is implemented in software, which provides a friendly user interface. The results of the framework are multi – year maintenance plan for the entire network for up to five years. A case study is presented for validating and testing the model with Data collected from "General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport" in Egypt.
Keywords –Bridge Maintenance, condition assessment, deterioration, cost optimization, fund allocation.

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Hesham Abd Elkhaleka, Sherif M. Hafezb, Yasser El Fahham, "Framework for Bridges Maintenance in Egypt"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• 3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and High Return Loss
  Sheng-jun Lu, Yin-hua Yao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 3.4-3.9 GHz parallel coupled microstrip bandpass filter. The EM simulation results indicate that the insertion loss varies between -1dB and -0.795dB at the desired frequency band. Both input and output VSWRs show the maximum value of 1.28. More than 40dB rejections out of band are witnessed at the stopbands of DC-2.7GHz and 4.85-7.45GHz. In contrast, the measured insertion loss is a little poorer, changing from -1.87dB to -2.59dB, and above 40dB suppression is also recorded at the same stopbands. A little higher input and output VSWRs, 1.415 and 1.404 are achieved in the fabricated filter. These results demonstrate that the developed filter can be applied in 3.4-3.9GHz communication systems.
Keywords -Stopband Rejection, Parallel Coupled Filter, Insertion Loss

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Sheng-jun Lu, Yin-hua Yao, "3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and High Return Loss"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Maximum PowerPoint Tracking of PV System Based on a Sepic Converter Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
  Vrashali Jadhav, Dr. Ravindrakumar M.Nagarale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) operation of PV (Photovoltaic) system based on a SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inverter Converter) converter using fuzzy logic controller. MPPT method such as Incremental conductance base on FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) is used to extract maximum output power of the PV system. PV energy is the most essential energy resources since it is pollution free, clean and endless. The FLC proposed scheme is interface with the MPPT to generate the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) for the SEPIC controller for maximum power point tracking operation.FLChas used Mamdani's method for convergent and divergent of membership function. FLC is used for more efficient performance under the variation in different atmosphere. The fuzzy logic controller with SEPIC for MPPT scheme extract the maximum power point tracking without any change in the voltage at the inverter at different load condition. The behavior of the converter and controller tested in simulation at different operating conditions. Proposed scheme is used for accurately tracking maximum point and also send the smooth, error free signal to the inverter.
Keywords:DC-DC power converters, Fuzzy control, PV (photovoltaic) cells, MPPT (Maximum power Point

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Vrashali Jadhav, Dr. Ravindrakumar M.Nagarale, "Maximum PowerPoint Tracking of PV System Based on a Sepic Converter Using Fuzzy Logic Controller"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Trace Analysis of Driver Behavior on Traffic Violator by Using Big Data (Traffic Program) in Korea
  Lee, Jonghak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study aims to prove the effectiveness of traffic safety education program for traffic violators. Traffic violators who finished the traffic safety education programs were tracked down. In order to analyze the effectiveness of traffic safety education program, traffic violator's data during ten-year period were used. This study analyzed how traffic violators changed their attitudes about traffic law abidance. Also predicted social benefits from traffic safety education program for traffic violators. Effectiveness of traffic accident prevention through traffic safety education program is approximately 93%. In terms of social benefits, it shows more than $12 billion Even though the effectiveness of traffic safety education program represents remarkable results, but this program is made for traffic violators who have already committed traffic offenses in the past. So in order to prevent traffic violations in advance, specific education program for potentially risky drivers is necessary.
Keywords -Traffic Safety Education Program, Traffic Violators, Traffic Accident, Social Benefits.

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Lee, Jonghak, "Trace Analysis of Driver Behavior on Traffic Violator by Using Big Data (Traffic Program) in Korea" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Seismic Microzonation Study in Tabriz Metropolitan City for Earthquake Risk Mitigation
  Ebad Ghanbari, Mohammad Ali Khorram
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Azerbaijan is the site of convergent plate collisions along the Alpine-Himalayan active mountain belt. Brittle faults in the Azerbaijan area are mostly Cenozoic in or younger. The data presented demonstrate clearly that geological structures are commonly repeated at all scales from outcrop to regional. Several regional earthquakes have been strongly felt and caused damages in and around Tabriz during history. Urban seismic risk is increasing with population growth and encroachment of vulnerable built in environment into areas susceptible seismic hazard. Seismic -hazard assessment an estimate of ground motion at the site of interest, taking into account instrumental and historical earthquake records, information on tectonics, geology, and attenuation characteristics of seismic waves Tabriz is important industrial city of Iran. It has a very high population density about 2.000000 people in area just 90 km2. The main objective of the Tabriz seismic instrumentation and microzonation study was to carry out and propose new building in Tabriz and suburbs in order to apply these criteria its development programs and determine the potential for damage to existing constructions during earthquake motions, and finally earthquake risk mitigation assessment.
Keywords:Seismic hazard, seismic microzonation, earthquake risk mitigation.

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Ebad Ghanbari, Mohammad Ali Khorram, "Seismic Microzonation Study in Tabriz Metropolitan City for Earthquake Risk Mitigation"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Total Monomeric Anthocyanin and Total Flavonoid Content of Processed Purple Potato
  Florentina Damşa, Alexandru Woinaroschy, Gheorghe Olteanu, Carmen Liliana Bădărău, Angela Mărculescu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It is well known that processing change physical and chemical composition of foods, thus affecting the content in bioactive substances. Potatoes are almost always consumed after processing (baked, fried or boiled) making it critical to understand the effect of such processing techniques on the containing in bioactive compounds. In order to determine the influence of processing on the content of anthocyanin pigments and flavonoids was achieved the extraction of these compounds from boiled and baked purple potato tuber (Albastru-Violet de Galanesti variety). Also, in order to obtain the maximum amount of anthocyanin pigments and flavonoids from processed potatoes was applied ultrasonic extraction (20 kHz) and was performed the mathematical modeling (central composite design) using SigmaXL software. The total anthocyanins content were determined spectrophotometrically by the pH differential method and the total flavonoids content were determine colorimetric by AlCl3 method. This study proves that the potato processing decreases the content of anthocyanin pigments and flavonoids.
Keywords:purple potato, anthocyanin pigments, flavonoid, processed potato

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Florentina Damşa, Alexandru Woinaroschy, Gheorghe Olteanu, Carmen Liliana Bădărău, Angela Mărculescu, "Total Monomeric Anthocyanin and Total Flavonoid Content of Processed Purple Potato"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Periodic material-based vibration isolation for satellites
  Xinnan Liu, WitartoWitarto, Xin Nie, Zhifei Shi and Y. L. Mo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The vibration environment of a satellite is very severe during launch. Isolating the satellitevibrations during launch will significantly enhance reliability and lifespan, and reduce the weight of satellite structure and manufacturing cost. Guided by the recent advances in solid-state physics research, a new type of satellite vibration isolator is proposed by usingperiodic material that is hence called periodic isolator. The periodic isolator possesses a unique dynamic property, i.e., frequency band gaps. External vibrations with frequencies falling in the frequency band gaps of the periodic isolator are to be isolated. Using the elastodynamics and the Bloch-Floquet theorem, the frequency band gaps of periodic isolators are determined. A parametric study is conducted to provide guidelines for the design of periodic isolators. Based on these analytical results, a finite element model of a micro-satellite with a set of designed periodic isolators is built to show the feasibility of vibration isolation. The periodic isolator is found to be a multi-directional isolator that provides vibration isolation in the three directions.
Keywords:vibration isolation; periodic isolator; frequency band gaps

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Xinnan Liu, WitartoWitarto, Xin Nie, Zhifei Shi and Y. L. Mo, "Periodic material-based vibration isolation for satellites"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey of provenance management in wireless sensor network
  Priyanka, M.Devika
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks have great potential for numerous applications such as military target tracking and surveillance, natural disaster relief, health monitoring and hazardous environment exploration and seismic sensing. This paper describes the concepts of efficient mechanism of provenance in WSNs as provenance respresents a key factor in evaluating the trustworthiness of sensor data. Data in sensor networks is processed by the multiple agents; data provenance plays an important role for assuring data trustworthiness. Due to energy and bandwidth limitations of WSNs, it is crucial that data provenance for these networks be as compress as possibles. To address such issues, this paper explained various proposed technique.
Key words:provenance, sensor networks, trustworthiness.

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Priyanka, M.Devika, "A Survey of provenance management in wireless sensor network"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Introduction to Mail Management System
  Suvarnsing G. Bhable, Jaypalsing N. Kayte
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Developing different techniques to overcome this problem and protect the consumer, which planted in the hearts of trust people and encouraged them to purchase via the internet. At first you must know what is the main reason for the work of the filtration email the mail service is fast and easy way to exchange messages are singing from the use of traditional mail, there are a large number from of services in the internet requires that you have one email sometimes one of us would like to cancel his participation in one of the sites because of the large number of incoming messages to him from the site does not know and have for a way unsubscribe to get rid of these messages, or would like one of us that some of the messages is prohibited from specific people or locations for some of these problems has the following solution is the work of a filter to any e-mail and work ban for unwanted messages application spam filtering as a last resort, you can set up your own spam blocker with your email application's built-in filter capability Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria.
Keywords - WWW, IA, Internet, SI, Java, SQL

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Suvarnsing G. Bhable, Jaypalsing N. Kayte, "Introduction to Mail Management System"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Cell formation techniques in Cellular manufacturing using three cell formation algorithms
  Prabhat Kumar Giri, Dr.S. K. Moulick
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present era of globalization and competitive market, cellular manufacturing has become a vital tool for meeting the challenges of improving productivity, which is the way to sustain growth. Getting best results of cellular manufacturing depends on the formation of the machine cells and part families. This paper examines advantages of ART method of cell formation over array based clustering algorithms, namely ROC-2 and DCA. The comparison and evaluation of the cell formation methods has been carried out in the study. The most appropriate approach is selected and used to form the cellular manufacturing system. The comparison and evaluation is done on the basis of performance measure as grouping efficiency and improvements over the existing cellular manufacturing system is presented.
Keywords -Neural Network, ART Model, Group Technology

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Prabhat Kumar Giri, Dr.S. K. Moulick, "Comparison of Cell formation techniques in Cellular manufacturing using three cell formation algorithms"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Fines on Liquefaction Resistance in Fine Sand and Silty Sand
  N.Silpa, Meraj Ahmad Khan, Dr M. Z. Khan, Mohd Bilal Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It is required to recognize the conditions that exist in a soil deposit before an earthquake in order to identify liquefaction. Soil is basically an assemblage of many soil particles which stay in contact with many neighboring soil. The contact forces produced by the weight of the overlying particles holds individual soil particle in its place and provide strength. Occurrence of liquefaction is the result of rapid load application and break down of the loose and saturated sand and the loosely-packed individual soil particles tries to move into a denser configuration. However, there is not enough time for the pore-water of the soil to be squeezed out in case of earthquake. Instead, the water is trapped and prevents the soil particles from moving closer together. Thus, there is an increase in water pressure which reduces the contact forces between the individual soil particles causing softening and weakening of soil deposit. In extreme conditions, the soil particles may lose contact with each other due to the increased pore-water pressure. In such cases, the soil will have very little strength, and will behave more like a liquid than a solid - hence, the name "liquefaction".
Keywords -Liquefaction, Plasticity, Liquefaction Resistance, and Plastic fines etc

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N.Silpa, Meraj Ahmad Khan, Dr M. Z. Khan, Mohd Bilal Khan, "Effect of Fines on Liquefaction Resistance in Fine Sand and Silty Sand"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Power System Stability Enhancement Using FLC and MPC for STATCOM
  Dr.A.Rajalingam, Dr.M.Ramkumar Prabhu & K.Venkateswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In modern power system, Static Compensator (STATCOM) is used to alleviate the transient stability problem and damping power system oscillations. In this paper different STATCOM control scheme using fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and model predictive controller (MPC) for the Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system in improving transient stability is simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink in power systems block set. PI, FLC and MPC signals are used to control and exchange the required reactive power among the STATCOM and the power grid. A load disturbance is simulated and the behavior of the system for voltage fluctuations has been studied. Simulation results using Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Model Predictive Controller (MPC) have been compared. The effectiveness of the different controllers in damping oscillations and improving power system stability has been discussed.
Keyword- Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), PI controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC), Model

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Dr.A.Rajalingam, Dr.M.Ramkumar Prabhu & K.Venkateswara Rao, "Power System Stability Enhancement Using FLC and MPC for STATCOM"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Finger Movement Based Wearable Communication & Navigation Aid for partially disabled
  Jobin Jose, Kundan Joshi, Sreejih S, Dr.A.Thirugnanam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The FMBWCN Aid is a portable and wearable multi-purpose system for the partially disabled. The Aid is a glove-based system in which different trained finger movements leads to different modes of operation of the system such as APR Voice Module and Wheelchair Controller Module. The finger movements (bending movement) leads to the flexion of the flex sensor attached to the glove. Flexion leads to change in resistance of the flex sensors, which will be recorded via a microcontroller (Arduino Uno) and different sets of movement of the fingers will lead to different modules of operation as specified in the default settings of the FMBWCN Aid.

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Jobin Jose, Kundan Joshi, Sreejih S, Dr.A.Thirugnanam , "Finger Movement Based Wearable Communication & Navigation Aid for partially disabled"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-6

• Evaluation of Energy Contribution for Additional Installed Turbine Flow in Hydro Power Plant
  Goce Bozinovski, Atanas Iliev
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper presents the methodology for analysis of energy value of existing hydro power plant (HPP) comparing with the same HPP upgraded with additional power. The additional power can be added with installed turbine flows of existing unit(s) or with installing the new additional unit(s). The paper treated the energy evaluation of the storage HPP Spilje which is under installed HPP comparing the technical parameters, water reservoir, turbine discharge and water inflow. The analyses have been made based on the statistical analysis of the input parameters of hydrology through a series of hydrological inflow data for a long period of years with monthly distribution. The hydrological data (from 1970 until 2014) which covers extremely wet and extremely dry hydrological periods, which is important in order to get statistics of expected values with appropriate probabilities of occurrence – data from monthly inflow values [1]. The results from analysis can be applied in determining the expected hydro production, or appropriate expected revenue of the electricity generated from the HPP. The additional turbine flow in existing units or installing the new unit(s) can benefit with increased income coming as the result of avoiding spilling water and generating additional peak energy instead of base one.
Keywords -Hydro power plant (HPP), energy, installed power, turbine discharge, water reservoir

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Goce Bozinovski, Atanas Iliev, "Evaluation of Energy Contribution for Additional Installed Turbine Flow in Hydro Power Plant"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis and Design of One Dimensional Periodic Foundations for Seismic Base Isolation of Structures
  Witarto Witarto, S.J. Wang, Xin Nie, Y.L. Mo, Zhifei Shi, Yu Tang, Robert P. Kassawara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Periodic foundationis a new type of seismic base isolation system. It is inspired by the periodic material crystal lattice in the solid state physics. This kind of material has a unique property, which is termed as frequency band gap that is capable of blocking incoming waves having frequencies falling within the band gap. Consequently, seismic waves having frequencies falling within the frequency band gap are blocked by the periodic foundation. The ability to block the seismic waveshas put this kind of foundation as a prosperous next generation of seismic base isolators. This paper provides analytical study on the one dimensional (1D) type periodic foundations to investigate their seismic performance. The general idea of basic theory of one dimensional (1D) periodic foundations is first presented.Then, the parametric studies considering infinite and finite boundary conditions are discussed. The effect of superstructure on the frequency band gap is investigated as well. Based on the analytical study, a set of equations is proposed for the design guidelines of 1D periodic foundations for seismic base isolation of structures.
Keywords–finite element, frequency band gap, one dimensional periodic foundation, phononic crystal, seismic isolation

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Witarto Witarto, S.J. Wang, Xin Nie, Y.L. Mo, Zhifei Shi, Yu Tang, Robert P. Kassawara, "Analysis and Design of One Dimensional Periodic Foundations for Seismic Base Isolation of Structures"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Individual protection equipment for use in the construction civil sector - case study in the city of Medianeira in Brazil
  Fernando Roberto Rockenbach, Kelyn Schenatto, Keila Schenatto, Claudio Leones Bazzi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Safety at work is defined as a set of measures that are based on technical standards and aimed at accident prevention, in Brazil it is governed by Decree-Law No. 5,452 of May 1, 1943, approving the Consolidation of Labor Laws - CLT. The construction is the sector that suffers most from industrial accidents and is labeled as the champion as the rates of work accidents. This study aimed to carry out a survey of the works of the construction industry situation in the city of Medianeira in Brazil about using Security Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and relate to the use of such equipment with the occurrence of accidents. To carry out the research were used 40 works, and for the data used in the survey, a questionnaire was applied to each work, which was answered by the foreman. With this research found up those 50% of employers in this sector in the city are not complying with the legislation as the provision of PPE and only 10% of employees are using all PPE required for their safety.
Keywords -accident, PPE, prevention, safety.

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Fernando Roberto Rockenbach, Kelyn Schenatto, Keila Schenatto, Claudio Leones Bazzi, "Individual protection equipment for use in the construction civil sector - case study in the city of Medianeira in Brazil"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Identifying Structures in Social Conversations in NSCLC Patients through the Semi-Automatic extraction of Topical Taxonomies
  Giancarlo Crocetti, Amir A. Delay, FatemehSeyedmendhi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The exploration of social conversations for addressing patient's needs is an important analytical task in which many scholarly publications are contributing to fill the knowledge gap in this area. The main difficulty remains the inability to turn such contributions into pragmatic processes the pharmaceutical industry can leverage in order to generate insight from social media data, which can be considered as one of the most challenging source of information available today due to its sheer volume and noise. This study is based on the work by Scott Spangler and Jeffrey Kreulen and applies it to identify structure in social media through the extraction of a topical taxonomy able to capture the latent knowledge in social conversations in health-related sites. The mechanism for automatically identifying and generating a taxonomy from social conversations is developed and pressured tested using public data from media sites focused on the needs of cancer patients and their families. Moreover, a novel method for generating the category's label and the determination of an optimal number of categories is presented which extends Scott and Jeffrey's research in a meaningful way. We assume the reader is familiar with taxonomies, what they are and how they are used.
Keywords–Taxonomy, Social Media, Text Mining, Clustering, Knowledge Management

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Giancarlo Crocetti, Amir A. Delay, Fatemeh Seyedmendhi, "Identifying Structures in Social Conversations in NSCLC Patients through the Semi-Automatic extraction of Topical Taxonomies"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity Detection for Trucks Hauling Marine Containers
  Runan Dang, Yutaka Watanabe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Difficulty in preventing rollover accidents of marine containers derives from various load conditions of cargoes inside the containers. Heavier cargoes are widely regarded as presenting greater danger of rollover accidents. However, this presupposition is severely misleading because lighter cargoes having a higher center of gravity such as machinery with an upper mass can also cause rollover accidents. Rollover accidents are explainable fundamentally as follows.
The center of gravity of a truck loading a marine container conflicts with the centrifugal force in cornering. A truck is unstable, causing a rollover accident when the moment originating from the centrifugal force exceeds that originating from the force of gravity. Such a truck might cause a rollover accident at a lower driving speed when the center of gravity is positioned higher. The question is therefore how to find the center of gravity of trucks with marine containers. Conditions of cargoes inside the containers differ greatly. Moreover, it is practically impossible to calculate those conditions by measuring all cargoes piece-by-piece in a container unless the time and cost to do so are unlimited. Without knowing what is inside a container, there is no way to detect the center of gravity after a truck starts moving.
An important invention by the second author of this paper was produced to solve that difficulty. Detection of the Three Dimensional Center of Gravity (D3DCG) can ascertain the position of the center of gravity while trucks are moving. Soon after starting to move, vertical and rolling motions are measured onboard the trucks in half a minute. Then D3DCG is activated, instantly assessing the position of the center of gravity. D3DCG assumes that the center of gravity causes unique motions depending on its position on the truck. Therefore there is no need to know what is inside the container.
This paper first demonstrated the precision of D3DCG running an experiment by which a truck scale model was used. It was driven by remote control. Results of positions of the center of gravity delivered from D3DCG were compared to those obtained using ordinary piece-by-piece calculations. Secondly, this paper assessed examples of D3DCG installed on an actual truck loading real marine containers. Results proved that D3DCG is valuable for real-time detection of the center of gravity when driving. This achievement will greatly contribute to the prevention of rollover accidents.
Keywords:Trailer, Rollover, Road safety, Vibration of moving body, Natural frequency, D3DCG

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Runan Dang, Yutaka Watanabe, "Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity Detection for Trucks Hauling Marine Containers" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Development of a Taguchi-based framework for optimizing two quality characteristics in Wire-EDM operations
  Trad Alblawi. Joseph, C. Chen· Ye Li
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A framework based on Taguchi parameter design was developed and successfully demonstrated to optimize two quality characteristics- surface roughness and angular accuracy in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process. An orthogonal array (OA)L₉was used in the Taguchi experiment design for four controllable factors, each with three levels. With one non-controllable factor investigated, 18 experiments were conducted in the Taguchi-based experiment setting, compared to 3₄ (=81) parameter combination as required by a traditional DOE setting. Conducted for the two response variables, Taguchi experiments from the case study gave the optimal combination of pulse on time at 9μs (A₁), feed rate at 35 in/min (B₂.), voltage at 8v (C₂), and wire tension at 165g (D₃) for surface roughness optmization, and pulse on time at 13μs (A₃), feed rate at 35 in/min (B₂), voltage at 8v (C₂), and wire tension at 160g (D₂) for angular accuracy optmization. This optimal parameter setting combination was verified through a confirmation run that confirms the optimal quality responses of 126.1μin for surface roughness and 0.024º for angular accuracy. This research ultimately showed the dual output variable improvement and the framework established itself as a means to solve similar problems in other machining applications. The developed framework can serve as guidance for researchers to obtain multivariable optimal setting in a systematic way.
Keywords:WEDM· Taguchi method · Surface roughness · Angular accuracy

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Trad Alblawi. Joseph, C. Chen• Ye Li, "Development of a Taguchi-based framework for optimizing two quality characteristics in Wire-EDM operations"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and development workshop interior design and furniture section
  Fadhel saif bushehri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

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Fadhel saif bushehri, "Design and development workshop interior design and furniture section"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Development of Flood Warning System
  Joy J. Labo, Eric E. Floresca, Larry E. Gracilla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Community-based early warning systems (CBEWS) is a "people-centered" system and empowers individuals and communities threatened by hazards to act on sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the possibility of personal injury, loss of life, damage to property, environment and loss of livelihood. These things lead to the development of the device necessary for the protection of the community against flood hazards as it allows people to get prepared with sufficient time. An alarm system was developed to monitor the water level on Salog River that overflows during heavy rains. The water level sensors were submerged in a canal of water to test the functionality of the device before its installation. Computer programs were created to enhance the monitoring of water level: the River Monitor Software and the Water Level Monitor. The LED arrays emit light according to water level; green for low, orange for medium, and red for high. A siren also alarms with different intervals (30 seconds for low, 15 seconds for medium, and a continuous alarm for high). Automatic emergency lighting was integrated in the design and lights up during power outages powered by rechargeable sealed battery that charges when ac power is supplied to the device. Levels were established based on available data; low water level means awareness; medium water level means preparedness and high water level means immediate response is necessary.
KEYWORDS:Early flood warning system, floods, water level, water level monitoring, Philippines, Asia

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Joy J. Labo, Eric E. Floresca, Larry E. Gracilla, "Development of Flood Warning System"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved Reliability Memory's Module Structure for Critical Application Systems
  Ryabtsev V.G, Feklistov A.S, Evseev K.V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For critical application systems, which control nuclear power plants and other energy facilities, air, sea and ground vehicles, the needs to ensure their operability are increased. To fulfill this requirement, it is necessary to increase the technical readiness coefficient, the value of which increases with decreasing recovery time control system in case of fault of its constituent units. The main control system components critical applications are memory devices, which store programs and used for performing algorithms control. Semiconductor memory modules with automatic recovery functionality at multiple faults can be used in systems of critical applications protection and management where the use of fault-tolerant digital devices is a necessity due to the inability of traditional methods of repair by replacing the failed elements.
Keywords -Built-in, Memory, operability restoration, self-test

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Ryabtsev V.G, Feklistov A.S, Evseev K.V, "Improved Reliability Memory's Module Structure for Critical Application Systems" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportation Systems
  Gül Fatma Türker, Akif Kutlu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive. With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
Keywords -Intelligent Transportation Systems, Smartphone, OBD-II, Driver Information, Traffic

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Gül Fatma Türker, Akif Kutlu, "Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportation Systems"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid by Sodium Caprylate
  Saad Ghareba, Sasha Omanovic
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The interaction of a sodium salt of octanoic acid, sodium caprylate (SC), with a carbon steel (CS) surface was investigated, using range of experimental techniques. It was shown that SC acts as a good CS general corrosion inhibitor, yielding a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 77%. This high inhibition efficiency is maintained even at higher temperatures. It was determined that SC inhibits both partial corrosion reactions, and can thus be considered to be a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of SC on the CS surface was described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that this process is spontaneous, irreversible and driven by the entropy gain. The CS surface morphology was studied by SEM and it was demonstrated that SC is a very effective general corrosion inhibitor of CS. This also was confirmed by contact angle measurements which showed that the CS surface became more hydrophobic when the SC was added to the solution.
KEY WORDS: Corrosion inhibition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel slopes, adsorption,

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Saad Ghareba, Sasha Omanovic, "Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid by Sodium Caprylate"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Self-controllable Voltage Level Technique to reduce leakage current in DRAM 4×4
  Radha.K, M. Sowmyasri, N. Harshala, B. Neeraja
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As the technology improved to support very large chip sizes, system designers were faced with power consumption problem and leakage current problem. CMOS technology has increased in level of importance to the point where it now clearly holds center stage as the dominant VLSI technology The present work shows the implementation of a DRAM 4×4 (dynamic random access memory) with self controllable voltage level (SVL) technique. SVL technique is leakage current reduction technique. Simulation is done by using a micro wind 3.1 and DSCH 2. By using a SVL technique in DRAM 4×4, 37% of leakage current is reduced.
Keywords:power, leakage current, SVL technique, CMOS, DRAM

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Radha.K, M. Sowmyasri, N. Harshala, B. Neeraja, "Self-controllable Voltage Level Technique to reduce leakage current in DRAM 4×4"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study on hardening mechanisms in aluminium alloys
  P. K. Mandal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Al-Zn-Mg alloys are most commonly used age-hardenable aluminium alloys. The hardening mechanism is further enhanced in addition of Sc. Sc additions to aluminium alloys are more promising. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of nano-sized Al3Sc precipitates hardening effect can be accelerated. Mainly, highlight on hardening mechanism in Al-Zn-Mg alloys with Sc effect is to study. In addition, several characterisations have been done to age-hardening measurements at elevated temperatures from 120oC to 180 oC. The ageing kinetics has also been calculated from Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, friction stir processing (FSP) can be introduced to surface modification process and hardened the cast aluminium alloys. In this study, hardening mechanism can be evaluated by Vicker's hardness measurement and mechanical testing is present task.
Key words: hardening mechanism, Al3Sc precipitates, ageing kinetics, Arrhenius equation, FSP, mechanical

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P. K. Mandal, "Study on hardening mechanisms in aluminium alloys"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimizing Hybrid Wind/Diesel Generator System Using BAT Algorithm
  Sudhir Sharma, Shivani Mehta, Gurpreet Kaur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hybrid system comprising of Wind/Diesel generation system for a practical standalone application considers Wind turbine generators and diesel generator as primary power sources for generating electricity. Battery banks are considered as a backup power source. The total value of cost is reduced by meeting energy demand required by the customers. Bat optimization technique is implemented to optimize wind and battery modules. Wind and battery banks are considered as primary sources and diesel generator as a secondary power source for the system
Keywords:Hybrid Wind- Diesel system, Bat optimization, optimal sizing.

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Sudhir Sharma, Shivani Mehta, Gurpreet Kaur, "Optimizing Hybrid Wind/Diesel Generator System Using BAT Algorithm"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Retention Behavior of Lead Ion in Soil Bentonite Liner
  Megha N Kulkarni, C Ramakrishnegowda, H S Nanda and Puvvadi V Sivapullaiah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this study, it is proposed to obtain breakthrough curves for commonly occurring lead ions in any effluents through locally available soil amended with 10% bentonite and determine the diffusion coefficients. The theoretical breakthrough curves of migrating ions in the soil column experiment are generated using mathematical equation considering effective diffusion coefficients , knowing soil parameters and hydraulic head. These curves are then compared with experimental curves. In cases where the theoretical and experimental breakthrough curve do not match, there would be need to consider other parameter retardation factor along with diffusion coefficient. Theoretical curves are generated for sets of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor. The sets which give theoretical curve close to experimentally determined breakthrough curves are accepted. Thus it may be possible to bring out the condition for the dominance of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor. Then knowing the values of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor along with soil porosity and hydraulic gradient it is possible to predict the breakthrough times of different ions in the soil. In this work the breakthrough times of lead ion for the soil of 1m and 0.5m are established. The studies can be extended for any ion or soil after establishing diffusion coefficient and retardation for the considered ions in the selected liner under different hydrological regimes.
Keywords: Breakthrough curve, Column test, Diffusion Coefficient, Hydraulic Conductivity, Retardation

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Megha N Kulkarni, C Ramakrishnegowda, H S Nanda and Puvvadi V Sivapullaiah, "Retention Behavior of Lead Ion in Soil Bentonite Liner"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile Adhoc Networks
  K.vanisree, Dr.P.Ramamoorthy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network with infrastructure less environment to establish a data transmission between nodes within the network. A routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. In this paper, we study the three existing routing protocols namely AODV, DSDV and DSR to analyze theirperformance based on set of parameters.AODV and DSR deliver almost all the packets compared to DSDV. Hence we try to modify the AODVprotocol and use in the cooperative transmission.
In this paper, we study the cooperative transmission at the network layer and cooperative diversity at the physical layer as a joint optimization of the transmission power in a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) with static channel. However due to variable wireless channels static routing is suboptimal. Proposed protocol proactively selects forwarding nodes that work cooperatively forwarding the packet towards the destination. Cooperative transmission side diversity helps in reducing interference. Diversity can be achieved at the physical layer by coordinating the multiple nodes. Nodes are equipped with Omni-directional antenna and take the advantages of transmission side diversity to achieve energy saving, under the assumption that channel gains are available at the transmitters.
The proposed Opportunistic Minimum Cost Cooperative Transmission Shortest Path (OMCTSP) algorithms select the best optimum route with minimum cost in terms of energy, number of hops, available bandwidth, link quality (SNR) and outage probability. As the network becomes larger, finding optimal routes becomes computationally intractable as the complexity of the dynamic programming (DP) approach increases as o (22n) where n is the number of nodes in the networks. Hence we develop two suboptimal algorithms have complexity of o (n2) perform as same as optimal algorithm. Also developthe Opportunistic Cooperative Routing in MANET (O_CORMAN), which is a network layer opportunistic routing scheme for mobile ad hoc networks. Nodes in the network use the components proactive routing protocol, forwarder list update and local re-transmission. We evaluate the performance using NS 2.32 simulator there is significant performance improvement with respect to energy, throughput packet delivery, and delay compared with Modified AODV (OMCTSP).
Index: Cooperative transmission, diversity, throughput, energy efficient route, delay, channel gain. , local

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K.vanisree, Dr.P.Ramamoorthy, "Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile Adhoc Networks"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing Application
  V.Sunitha, J Abdullah Khan., M. Ramakrishna Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some points. It has been witnessed many a times that development is done at the cost of environment. Analysis and assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in groundwater management and planning. Sustainable water resources development and management necessarily depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and Geographic information system. Under this study, three thematic maps viz. Geological map (Lithology and Structure), Geomorphological map and Hydro morphological maps were prepared. These thematic maps have been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Keywords: Hard rock aquifer, Evaluation of groundwater potential, GIS, Remote sensing, Pulivendula,

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V.Sunitha, J Abdullah Khan., M. Ramakrishna Reddy, "Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing Application"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• To Study the Effectiveness Of Activated Filter Media in Treatment of Turbid Water
  K Vinutha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Everything available in the environment can be used to satisfy our needs provided it is technology accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Human beings transform the material available in our environment into resources and use them. We already know 3/4th of the earth surface is covered with water but only a....
Keywords: Activated filter media, turbid water, sand filter

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K Vinutha "To Study the Effectiveness Of Activated Filter Media in Treatment of Turbid Water"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Literature Review Next Generation Wireless Local Area Networks
  JANAPPA R. HUGAR, SIDDANGOUDA HOSAMANI
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Abstract:

This phenomenal and persistent increase may be directly attributed to the emergence of the Internet of Everything (IoE) concept and the worldwide uptick in demand for Internet services. WiFi networks presently account for most of the worldwide Internet tra ffic because of their low cost of deployment and maintenance. In addition,...
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JANAPPA R. HUGAR, SIDDANGOUDA HOSAMANI "To Study the Effectiveness Of Activated Filter Media in Treatment of Turbid Water"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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