• Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Methyl Sulphonyl Methane in Sold Dosage Form by Gc
  Rajesh Balkrishna Tawade, Dr.Abha Sham Dhomane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A Gas chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of Methyl Sulphonyl Methane in solid dosage form. Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 GC with Nitrogen as carrier gas was utilised at the flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and FID detection was carried out. The separation was achieved using BP-624-20 column (30m X 0.53 mm I.D., particle size 1μm). The method was linear over the concentration rangefor Methyl Sulphonyl Methane. The analytical recovery obtained was 99.88%. The validation of method carried out as per ICH guidelines. The described GC method was successfully employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing Methyl Sulphonyl Methane in solid dosage form and can be employed for bioequivalence study in future for the same formulations.
Key word: GC, Methyl Sulphonyl Methane, Method Development.

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Rajesh Balkrishna Tawade, Dr.Abha Sham Dhomane, "Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Determination of Methyl Sulphonyl Methane in Sold Dosage Form by Gc" Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Linear and Non Linear Behavior of In filled Frame
  S. Karuna, Dr B.P Annapurna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reinforced concrete frame buildings often incorporate masonry infill panels as partitions to separate spaces within a building or as cladding to complete the building envelope. However, the properties and construction details of infilled panels can have a significant influence on the overall behavior of a structure. An infilled frame typically consists of a steel or reinforced concrete frame with plain or reinforced brick masonry, block-work infilling which restraint against lateral loads is provided by the composite action of the infill and the frame. With the advancement of computational technology and ever going increasing trend of research activities, the demand for inelastic design is increasing day by day. Since the brick masonry wall possesses highly heterogeneous, nonlinear studies are inevitable. In this work, a study of non-linear behavior of reinforced concrete infilled frame with brick masonry are carried out under lateral and combined loads using ANSYS software.
Keywords: Brick masonry, Displacement, Infilled frame, Lateral and combined loads, nonlinear analysis

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S. Karuna, Dr B.P Annapurna, "Study of Linear and Non Linear Behavior of In filled Frame"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Evolutionary Method for Kinetic Energy Ammunition Optimization
  Alexandre A. Motta, Nelson F. F. Ebecken
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A research is being carried on to optimise long rod penetrators used in kinetic energy munitions. Kinetic energy munitions performance can be measured by the penetration achieved in a normal impact on a semi-infinite steel plate (rolled homogeneous armour, RHA). For a reference target (fixed characteristics and distance) performance will depend of the properties and characteristics of the penetrator and the propellant charge, assuming that no changes will be made in the firing gun. The properties and characteristics of the propellant charge and of the penetrator will dictate the terminal velocity and how the penetrator will interact with the target. This is a well known problem with several proved models available in the literature. However, no method has been proposed to find an optimal configuration. In the present work, the penetration achieved with a particular configuration (set of parameters) is combined with relevant penalisations thus providing its fitness for ranking by the Genetic Algorithm code in the search for an optimal configuration.
Keywords: Kinetic Energy Ammunition, Long Rod Penetrator, Optimization, Genetic Algorithms, Impact

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Alexandre A. Motta, Nelson F. F. Ebecken, "An Evolutionary Method for Kinetic Energy Ammunition Optimization"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect Of Process Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir.Welded Joint Of Two Similar &Dissimilar Al-Alloys
  Umasankar Das, Dr. Vijay Toppo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an advance joining process for different similar and dissimilar materials. It is commonly used for joining of Aluminum alloys. However it is necessary to overcome some challenges for its wide-spread uses. Tool design and the selection of process parameters are critical issues in the usage of this process. This study focuses on the process parameters that is required for producing effective friction stir welding of two similar aluminum alloys (AA6101T6 to AA6101T6) and dissimilar Aluminum alloys (AA6101T6 alloy to AA6351T6) . Three different tool diameters such as 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm with three different tool rotational speeds such as 600 rpm, 800 rpm and 1200 rpm have been used to weld the joints. The welded samples were tested for mechanical properties as well as microstructure. It was observed that 30 mm tool gives better weld quality for friction stir welding of similar aluminum alloy but 25 mm tool with 1200 rpm rotational speed gave satisfactory weld quality for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys. It is one of the important welding process that can adopted for welding of aluminum alloys with excellent mechanical properties. The results were confirmed by further experiments.
Keywords: FSW, similar & dissimilar Al-Alloys mechanical properties, tensile strength, hardness,

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Umasankar Das, Dr. Vijay Toppo, "Effect Of Process Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir.Welded Joint Of Two Similar &Dissimilar Al-Alloys"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sub-Threshold Leakage Current Reduction Techniques In VLSI Circuits -A Survey
  V.Sri Sai Harsha, S.Aparna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

There is an increasing demand for portable devices powered up by battery, this led the manufacturers of semiconductor technology to scale down the feature size which results in reduction in threshold voltage and enables the complex functionality on a single chip. By scaling down the feature size the dynamic power dissipation has no effect but the static power dissipation has become equal or more than that of Dynamic power dissipation. So in recent CMOS technologies static power dissipation i.e. power dissipation due to leakage current has become a challenging area for VLSI chip designers. In order to prolong the battery life and maintain reliability of circuit, leakage current reduction is the primary goal. A basic overview of techniques used for reduction of sub-threshold leakages is discussed in this paper. Based on the surveyed techniques, one would be
Keywords -feature size, leakage power, subthreshold leakage current

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V.Sri Sai Harsha, S.Aparna, "Sub-Threshold Leakage Current Reduction Techniques In VLSI Circuits -A Survey"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of multistoried braced steel space frame subjected to gravity and seismic loading
  Dhananjay.S.Pawar, S.Abdulla U. Phadnis, Ravi.G.maske, Raju .S.Shinde
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Steel structures are generally more flexible than other types of structure and lower in weight. Earthquake loads are random in nature. It is difficult to predict them exactly. The action applied to a structure by an earthquake is a ground movement with horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal movement is the most specific feature of earthquake action because of its strength and because structures are generally better designed to resist gravity than horizontal forces. These forces produce large stresses, strains, deformation and displacement particularly in tall structures. To keep displacement within limit generally bracing is provided in steel structure. . Bracings are generally used to increase lateral-stiffness, lateral- strength as well as lateral stability of the frame. Variations in the column stiffness can influence the mode of failure and lateral stiffness of the bracing. In this study steel frame is modeled and analyzed three Parts viz., (i) Model without Steel bracing (bare frame), (ii) Model completely with fully braced steel frame ("Cross‟ bracing), (iii) Model completely with fully braced steel frame ("Single diagonal‟ bracing).
Keywords -Steel structures, Bracings, Base shear, Displacement, Soft storey.

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Dhananjay.S.Pawar, S.Abdulla U. Phadnis, Ravi.G.maske, Raju .S.Shinde, "Analysis of multistoried braced steel space frame subjected to gravity and seismic loading"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium Alloyy
  L.V. Kamble, S.N. Soman, P.K. Brahmankar, V.V. Mathane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a promising solid state joining process widely used generally for Al alloys, especially in aerospace, marine and automobile applications. In present work, the microstructure and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded AA6101 T6 Al alloy is studied. The friction stir welding was carried using vertical milling machine with different tool rotational speeds and welding speeds. The microstructure at weld nugget or stir zone (SN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal were observed using optical microscopy. The corrosion tests of base alloy and welded joints were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution at temperature of 30º C. Corrosion rate and emf were determined using cyclic polarization measurement.
Keywords -cyclic polarization, friction stir welding, microstructure, nugget, TMAZ.

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L.V. Kamble, S.N. Soman, P.K. Brahmankar, V.V. Mathane, "Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium Alloyy"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Static and Dynamic Reanalysis of Tapered Beam
  Y. Sagari Reddy, Dr.Y.V. Mohan Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Beams are one of the common types of structural components and they are fundamentally categorized as uniform and non-uniform beams. The non-uniform beams has the benefit of better distribution of strength and mass than uniform beam. And non-uniform beams can meet exceptional functional needs in aeronautics,robotics,architecture and other unconventional engineering applications. Designing of these structures is necessary to resist dynamic forces such as earthquakes and wind.
The present paper focuses on static and dynamic reanalysis of a tapered cantilever beam structure using multipolynomial regression method. The method deals with the characteristics of frequency of a vibrating system and the procedures that are available for the modification of physical parameters of vibrating system. The method is applied on a tapered cantilever beam for approximate structural static and dynamic reanalysis. Results obtained from the assumed conditions of the problem indicate the high quality approximation of stresses and natural frequencies using ANSYS and Regression method.

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Y. Sagari Reddy, Dr.Y.V. Mohan Reddy, "Static and Dynamic Reanalysis of Tapered Beam"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Combined Approach for Feature Subset Selection and Size Reduction for High Dimensional Data
  Anurag Dwivedi, Poonam Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

selection of relevant feature from a given set of feature is one of the important issues in the field of data mining as well as classification. In general the dataset may contain a number of features however it is not necessary that the whole set features are important for particular analysis of decision making because the features may share the common information‟s and can also be completely irrelevant to the undergoing processing. This generally happen because of improper selection of features during the dataset formation or because of improper information availability about the observed system. However in both cases the data will contain the features that will just increase the processing burden which may ultimately cause the improper outcome when used for analysis. Because of these reasons some kind of methods are required to detect and remove these features hence in this paper we are presenting an efficient approach for not just removing the unimportant features but also the size of complete dataset size. The proposed algorithm utilizes the information theory to detect the information gain from each feature and minimum span tree to group the similar features with that the fuzzy c-means clustering is used to remove the similar entries from the dataset. Finally the algorithm is tested with SVM classifier using 35 publicly available real-world high-dimensional dataset and the results shows that the presented algorithm not only reduces the feature set and data lengths but also improves the performances of the classifier.
Keywords -feature selection, data reduction, clustering, fuzzy clustering, and minimum span tree.

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Anurag Dwivedi, Poonam Sharma, "A Combined Approach for Feature Subset Selection and Size Reduction for High Dimensional Data"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Password authentication in cloud
  Indal Singh, Rajesh Rai, Sachin Murarkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers [1]. Cloud Computing is a term used to describe both a platform and type of application. As a platform it supplies, configures and reconfigures servers, while the servers can be physical machines or virtual machines. On the other hand, Cloud Computing describes applications that are extended to be accessible through the internet and for this purpose large data centers and powerful servers are used to host the web applications and web services. Authentication is one the most important security primitive [6]. Password authentication is most widely used authentication mechanism. Password provides security mechanism for authentication and protection services against unwanted access to resource. In this paper, we applied a technique to preserve our password using graphical authentication.
Keywords -Cloud computing, Sender, Receiver, Data security.

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Indal Singh, Rajesh Rai, Sachin Murarkar, "Password authentication in cloud"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Catchment classification: multivariate statistical analyses for physiographic similarity in the Upper Niger Basin
  Jamilatou Chaibou Begou And Pibgnina Bazie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine physiographic similarity, as indicator of hydrologic similarity between catchments located in the Upper Niger Basin, and to derive the dominant factors controlling each group singularity. We utilized a dataset of 9 catchments described by 16 physical and climatic properties distributed across a wide region with strong environmental gradients. Catchments attributes were first standardized before they underwent an integrated exploratory data analysis composed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Hierarchical Clustering. Results showed a clear distribution into 2 major clusters: a group of easterly flat catchments and another of westerly hilly catchments. This nomenclature came from the interpretation of the main factors, topography and longitude, that seem to control the most important variability between both clusters. In addition, the hilly catchments were designated to be dominated by forest and ACRISOL soil type, two additional drivers of similarity. The outcome of this study can help understanding catchment functioning and provide a support for regionalization of hydrological information.
Keywords -catchments, Hierarchical Clustering, physiographic similarity, Principal Component Analysis, Regionalization.

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Jamilatou Chaibou Begou And Pibgnina Bazie, "Catchment classification: multivariate statistical analyses for physiographic similarity in the Upper Niger Basin"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• THD Analysis in Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motors Using Particle Swarm Optimization
  Heena Manhas, Baljit Singh, Gagandeep Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Harmonics measurement of an industrial unit is done to aid the power quality aspects in a typical factory. The real issues are the harmonics generated by the inverters which affects the induction machine performance. Several inverters like Voltage Series Inverters, PWM fed Inverters, Multilevel inverters etc. exist in literature. Amongst all these, multilevel inverters have been very popular due to its several advantages. But there is a challenge of optimal design of the inverter and optimal selection of pulse width of each level so as to get minimal Total Harmonic Distortion. For these reasons a novel multilevel inverter design based on Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed in this paper for obtaining the optimal width of the pulse of each level so as to get minimal Total Harmonic distortion. The results has been compared to that of the existing techniques and found to be quite better than the existing ones.
Index Terms-Particle Swarm Optimization, cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI), Induction Motor, Multilevel Inverter (MLI)

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Heena Manhas, Baljit Singh, Gagandeep Sharma, "THD Analysis in Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motors Using Particle Swarm Optimization"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Simulation of Low Pass Filter for Single phase full bridge Inverter employing SPWM Unipolar voltage switching
  Yugendra Rao K N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM technique is widely preferred to other modulation techniques as the Inverter output frequency obtained is equal to the required fundamental frequency. SPWM with unipolar voltage switching is used as it results in cancellation of harmonic component at the switching frequencyin the output voltage, also the sidebands of the switching frequency harmonics disappear and in addition to this, other dominant harmonic at twice the switching frequency gets eliminated. Hence, due to these advantages unipolar voltage switching with SPWMis used for Inverter switching. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of unipolar voltage switching technique with SPWM as applied to a single-phase full bridge Inverter is described and designing of an efficient, active low pass filter LPF is discussed for an particular cut-off frequency,𝑓𝑐 and damping factor zeta, 𝜁 and the filter is placed at the output side of a single-phase full bridge Inverter and therefore eliminating the harmonic component from the Inverter output voltage resulting in a pure sinusoidal ac voltage waveform.
Keywords -SPWM control, Single-phasefull bridge Inverter, Unipolar voltage switching, Harmonics, VSI voltage source Inverter, LPF low pass filter, THD total harmonic distortion.

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Yugendra Rao K N, "Design and Simulation of Low Pass Filter for Single phase full bridge Inverter employing SPWM Unipolar voltage switching"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Stress in Nozzle/Shell of Cylindrical Pressure Vessel under Internal Pressure and External Loads in Nozzle
  Andrade, Tatiana Lima, Paula, Wagner Andrade de, Junior, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This work a comparative study of the methods of analysis of stress in vessel/nozzle, due to external loads. The methods of analysis compared are WRC 107, WRC 297 and Method of Finite Elements. To make the comparison between the methods, one model of nozzle has been developed without reinforcement plate. In this nozzle it was applied external loads and after the application of the loads, compared the results of stress for the three methods of analyses considered in this study.
Keywords -stress analysis, WRC 107, WRC 297, finite elements, pressure vessel, nozzle and shell

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Andrade, Tatiana Lima, Paula, Wagner Andrade de, Junior, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães, "Analysis of Stress in Nozzle/Shell of Cylindrical Pressure Vessel under Internal Pressure and External Loads in Nozzle"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A MATLAB /Simulink Modal of Triple-Junction Solar Cell and MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance Algorithm for PV System
  Mamta Thakur, Baljit Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Photovoltaic energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and unlimited. In current years, a large number of techniques have been projected for tracking the maximum power point. Maximum power point tracking is used in photovoltaic systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the boost converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current for the maximum output power. The implementation of a PV model is based on the triple-junction solar cell in the form of masked block in Matlab/Simulink software package that has a user-friendly icon. It is fast and accurate technique to follow the maximum power point. This paper presents a new Matlab/Simulink model of a PV module and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for high efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triplejunction solar cell.
Keywords -Photovoltaic System (PV), Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Modeling of Multijunction solar cell, Incremental conductance Algorithm (ICA), Boost Converter and Simulation Results.

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Mamta Thakur, Baljit Singh, "A MATLAB /Simulink Modal of Triple-Junction Solar Cell and MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance Algorithm for PV System"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A High Dimensional Clustering Scheme for Data Classification
  Navjot Gwal and Tejalal choudhary
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The data mining is the knowledge extraction or finding the hidden patterns from large data these data may be in different form as well from different resources. The data mining systems can be used in various research domains like health, share market analysis, super market, weather forecasting and many other domains. Data mining systems use the computer oriented algorithms. These algorithms can be categorized as supervised and unsupervised respectively. The classification or prediction algorithms belong to supervised category and clustering algorithms are the type of unsupervised. The clustering is an approach to group the similar data objects to the same cluster and the main aspect of clustering is that the distance between data objects in same cluster should be as minimum as and distance of objects in inter cluster should be high. k-means is one of the most common clustering algorithm. K-means is very easy to use and efficient but has also some weakness because of random or inappropriate selection of initial centroids so need to improve k-means. The proposed work is an attempt to improve k means by using genetic algorithm for selection of initial cluster centroid.
Keywords -Clustering, data mining, genetic algorithm, k-means clustering and unsupervised learning.

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Navjot Gwal and Tejalal choudhary, "A High Dimensional Clustering Scheme for Data Classification"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effects of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction on MHD Free Convection Flow past a Flat Plate with Heat Source and Convective Surface Boundary Condition
  E.Hemalatha and N. Bhaskar Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the radiation and chemical reaction effects on MHD steady two-dimensional laminar viscous incompressible radiating boundary layer flow over a flat plate in the presence of internal heat generation and convective boundary condition. It is assumed that lower surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the upper surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe radiative heat transfer as we consider optically thick fluids. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, which are then solved numerically by employing fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. The effects of various material parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration as well as the skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, the Sherwood number and the plate surface temperature are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison of present results with previously published results shows an excellent agreement.
Keywords -Chemical reaction, Heat and Mass Transfer, Heat source, MHD, Radiation.

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E.Hemalatha and N. Bhaskar Reddy, "Effects of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction on MHD Free Convection Flow past a Flat Plate with Heat Source and Convective Surface Boundary Condition"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Combustion Air Pre-Heating In Carbon Monoxide Emission in Diesel Fired Heat Treatment Furnace
  E B Muhammed Shafi, Mr. PadmanabhaAdiga, Dr. T C Mohankumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the effect of combustion air pre- heating in Diesel fired heat Treatment Furnace. The main heat treatment processes are Normalizing, Tempering, Hardening, Annealing, Solution Annealing and Stress Relieving. The emission of carbon monoxide is measured with combustion air pre-heating and without preheating. The results are then compared and it is found that the emission of CO is reduced by 29.12%. With the Combustion air pre-heating a considerable reduction in Specific Furnace Fuel Consumption (SFFC) is obtained. The test was caaried out at Peekay Steels Casting (P) ltd, Nallalam, Calicut.
Keywords -SFFC, Pre- heating, Combustion,Emission

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E B Muhammed Shafi, Mr. PadmanabhaAdiga, Dr. T C Mohankumar, "Effect of Combustion Air Pre-Heating In Carbon Monoxide Emission in Diesel Fired Heat Treatment Furnace"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-2

• The PAPR Reduction in OFDM System with the help of Companding Technique
  Priyanka Sharma, Proff. Dr. R.K. Khola
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a form of multi-carrier modulation technique. High spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, immunity to impulse interference, uniform average spectral density, capability of handling very strong echoes and less nonlinear distortion are among the favorite properties of OFDM. Even though there are many advantages of OFDM, it has two main drawbacks; high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and frequency offset. In this paper, the issue of PAPR in OFDM system is discussed. Companding technique is used to reduce the PAPR. In this paper, the simulation results of PAPR without any reduction technique and with the companding technique are compared.
Key word: OFDM, PAPR, DSP, IFFT, BPSK, QPSK, 16PSK.

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Priyanka Sharma, Proff. Dr. R.K. Khola, "The PAPR Reduction in OFDM System with the help of Companding Technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A review of Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multiuser OFDM Systems
  Sakshi Sharma, Prof. Gaurav Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We study the resource allocation algorithm design for multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink systems with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. The algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for maximizing the energy efficiency of data transmission (bit/Joule delivered to the users). In particular, the problem formulation takes into account the minimum required system data rate, heterogeneous minimum required power transfers to the users, and the circuit power consumption. Subsequently, by exploiting the method of timesharing and the properties of nonlinear fractional programming, the considered non-convex optimization problem is solved using an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm. Recently, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) becomes appealing by essentially providing a perpetual energy source for the wireless networks. For the TDMA-based information transmission, we employ TS at the receivers; for the OFDMA-based information transmission, we employ PS at the receivers. Under the above two scenarios, we address the problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate over all users by varying the time/frequency power allocation and either TS or PS ratio, subject to a minimum harvested energy constraint on each user as well as a peak and/or total transmission power constraint.

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Sakshi Sharma, "A review of Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multiuser OFDM Systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study Utility Vehicle Makassar City Transport a High- Ergonomics
  Ahmad Hanafie, Hammada Abbas, Lawelenna Samang And Sumarni Hamid
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The development of technology during this was to meet the man, but it should be men must be spoilt, But if it turns out that all that did not make people feel safe, comfortable, healthy and easy, but the planning process, decision-making and developments have experienced a deviation orientation. Public transport Transportation in the Makassar city should be made with implementing aspects promotes ergonomic comfort, but it does not apply in means of transportation to the public. Issues for public vehicles on access up and down not in accordance with The aim of the research vehicle users. is to phrases dimensions body which have an effect on to utility vehicle, to examine the public vehicles that high-promotes ergonomic comfort. The method assessment is the measurement dimensions body to the passengers as well as the use questionnaires and analyzed in a holistic approach ergonomics. Results of research high security tools to public vehicles that high-security vehicle users generally by body dimensions as a powerful than Knee-and-a-half was knee, long your feet, and your elbow kelantai. While utilities yangbernilai ergonomics was the first and second around 24.76 cm and 49.53 cm, wide around 24.25 cm and was hangar 104, 78 cm.
Keywords: anthropometry, ergonomics, utility vehicle.

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Ahmad Hanafie, Hammada Abbas, Lawelenna Samang And Sumarni Hamid, "Study Utility Vehicle Makassar City Transport a High- Ergonomics"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis Of Comparative Strength Model Connection Bolts And Weld To The Plate Materials ST. 42
  Saripuddin. M, Hammada Abbas, Herman Parung, dan Wahyu H. Piarah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The research objective to be achieved is determine the ratio of tensile strength connections of weld combination (longitudinal and transversal) with a tensile strength of connection models with 2 bolts, 3 bolts and 4 bolts. The method used is to form specimens of weld connections (longitudinal and transverse) and the model of connections (2, 3 and 4) bolts, and testing of tensile strength using a tensile test machine to produce maximum load value, the maximum tension and strain. The purpose of the test is to compare the tensile strength of the bolts connection of the various models are supplied with a value of tensile strength connection of weld variations and
Keywords: Connection of bolt and weld, strong current, Comparison of tensile strength

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Saripuddin. M, Hammada Abbas, Herman Parung, dan Wahyu H. Piarah, "Analysis Of Comparative Strength Model Connection Bolts And Weld To The Plate Materials ST. 42"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practices and Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance(TPM) in Indian Industries
  Subhash Chandra, Sunil Kumar Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel success factors or practices that are responsible for the succinct decisive role to overture the process are identified. These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal outcomes.
Keywords -Attribute, Least Square Multicriteria Decision Model (LSMADM), Optimized Productivity, Total

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Subhash Chandra, Sunil Kumar Sharma, "Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practices and Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance(TPM) in Indian Industries"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Parametric Study of Multi-Spot Welded Lap Shear Specimen for Shear Strength
  Raghunath T Bandgar, Pravin.A Dhawale, Ravindra.T Vyavahare
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The effect of number of spots, spot spacing, squeezing force, welding current, weld time , overlapping length and sheet thicknesson the shear strength of two similar galvanized steel sheets are investigated through experiments using RSM method. Similar sheets of galvanized steel sheets are made by resistance spot welding at different processing conditions and these joint populations were tested under lap-shear loading conditions. Specially fabricated fixture is used to load the lap shear specimen in the universal testing machine Regression analysis is done to obtain relationship between shear strength and selected parameters. The experimental results indicate that the failure loads of spot welds in lap-shear specimens increase when number of spot, squeezing force, welding current and sheet thickness increase for the given ranges.
Keywords -Number of spots, Shear Strength, Process parameters

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Raghunath T Bandgar, Pravin.A Dhawale, Ravindra.T Vyavahare, "Parametric Study of Multi-Spot Welded Lap Shear Specimen for Shear Strength"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence Of Associations Of Soil Bacteria On The Structure And Productivity Of Spring Wheat
  Kulnazarov Batyr, Kuznetsova Tatyana, Kulkeev Erlan, Saubenova Margarita, 1Aytzhanova Aida, Yelubayeva Makpal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The soil and climatic conditions of the Zhambyl region was verified the growth promoting activity of spring wheat plant associations of soil bacteria (№27, 44, 62). The experiments revealed that the association selected enhance germination, productivity and structure of the spring wheat crop. When preplant treatment of seeds field germination associations increased 4, 3-8, 3 % yield increase of 10,2% - 22,9 %, as well as improved seed quality indicators compared to the control.
Keywords -spring wheat, the association of microorganisms, biological product, field germination, yield,

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Kulnazarov Batyr, Kuznetsova Tatyana, Kulkeev Erlan, Saubenova Margarita, 1Aytzhanova Aida, Yelubayeva Makpal, "Influence Of Associations Of Soil Bacteria On The Structure And Productivity Of Spring Wheat"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Spoiler Analysis and Wind Tunnel Experiment
  Jesal J. Thakkar, Harsh V. Jani, Dhrupad R. Sheth
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As in today's world the use of petroleum products is increasing, it leads to more pollution and degradation of our environment. This work will investigate the result of an experimental study carried out to determine the performance of a car spoiler (inverted aerofoil) and study the pressure difference produced by it and also prove the transit theory of pressure difference over an aerofoil. It is used widely in formula racing cars. The various angles of attack and there effects on pressure differences will be measured. The performance parameters are to be investigated and observed.
Index Terms:Wind tunnel experiment, spoiler, airfoil, transit theory, computational fluid dynamics, ansys

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Jesal J. Thakkar, Harsh V. Jani, Dhrupad R. Sheth, "Spoiler Analysis and Wind Tunnel Experiment"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Emission Characteristics of CI Engine by using Palm Bio- Diesel
  V.S.shai sundaram, S.S.shai monish, J.sathyaraj, S.Surya prakash, Pa. Vignesh, R. Vignesh kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Environmental concerns and energy crisis of the world has led to the search of alternate to the fossil fuel. FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is environment friendly, alternative, and non-toxic, safe; biodegradable has a high flash point and is also termed as Bio-Diesel. The growing economic risk of relying primarily on fossil fuels with limited reserves and Increasing prices has increased the interest on alternative energy sources. Clean and renewable biofuels have been touted as the answer to the issue of diminishing fossil fuels. INDIA the largest producer of palm oil has committed to focus interest on biofuels, namely palm biodiesel. Since palm oil has a high fossil energy balance, it is a key source of raw material for biodiesel production. This paper presents palm biodiesel as an alternative source of green renewable energy through a survey conducted from previously researched findings. In this experimental study testing of emission characteristics and performances test of palm Bio-diesel at various ratios form (B25%, B 50%, B75%, B100%) of Bio-diesel. As we compared with fossil fuel (diesel) and palm bio-diesel on base of various emission elements (CO, CO₂, NO_x, O₂, and HC).
Keywords -Transesterification, methyl ester, Nox,HC.

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V.S.shai sundaram, S.S.shai monish, J.sathyaraj, S.Surya prakash, Pa. Vignesh, R. Vignesh kumar, "Emission Characteristics of CI Engine by using Palm Bio- Diesel"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Framework for Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Using Parallel String Matching
  D. Bala MuraliKrishna, Ch. Someswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Short tandem repeats (STRs) have become important molecular markers for a broad range of applications, such as genome mapping and characterization, phenotype mapping, marker assisted selection of crop plants and a range of molecular ecology and diversity studies. These repeated DNA sequences are found in both Plants and bacteria. Most of the computer programs that find STRs failed to report its number of occurrences of the repeated pattern, exact position and it is difficult task to obtain accurate results from the larger datasets. So we need high performance computing models to extract certain repeats. One of the solution is STRs using parallel string matching, it gives number of occurrences with corresponding line number and exact location or position of each STR in the genome of any length. In this, we implemented parallel string matching using JAVA Multithreading with multi core processing, for this we implemented a basic algorithm and made a comparison with previous algorithms like Knuth Morris Pratt, Boyer Moore and Brute force string matching algorithms and from the results our new basic algorithm gives better results than the previous algorithms. We apply this algorithm in parallel string matching using multi-threading concept to reduce the time by running on multicore processors. From the test results it is shown that the multicore processing is a remarkably efficient and powerful compared to lower versions and finally this proposed STR using parallel string matching algorithm is better than the sequential approaches.
Keywords -computing model, DNA, STR, parallel string matching, multicore processing.

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D. Bala MuraliKrishna, Ch. Someswara Rao, "A Novel Framework for Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Using Parallel String Matching"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Physicochemical Evaluation of Flaxseed-Date Bar
  Maimuna Sultana Mohd. Ateequddin, M. P. Ingle
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to develop a flaxseed-date-bar fortified high level of dietary fibre by using functional ingredients. Formulations were developed containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 grams of flaxseed flour. Flaxseed- date bar were evaluated for their, Physic-chemical properties. In the physical evaluation of bar it was found that flaxseed flour increase the hardness from 1076.82g to 1403.12g.The results revealed that the bar containing nuts and oilseeds shows maximum protein content (10.09 percent), dietary fibre content (9.89 percent), and ash content(2.90 percent) was found in flaxseed-date bar. The gross energy of the flaxseed-date bar was in the range of 353.75 kcal to 377.08 kcal .The maximum gross energy was recorded by following sample A4were as the minimum was obtained by A₀. The result revealed that flaxseed-dates along with nuts can be useful to prepare flaxseed-date bars of good sensory and nutritional value which provide substantial amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and dietary fibre.
Keywords -Flaxseed, dates, bar, physical, chemical properties.

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Maimuna Sultana Mohd. Ateequddin, M. P. Ingle, "Physicochemical Evaluation of Flaxseed-Date Bar"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Massive Energy Saving Systems and Strategies at Equipment Level in the Highest Competitive Telecommunication Market
  Abul Hossain, Dr. King-Sun Chan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reducing operational expenditures (OpEx) have become main concern for almost all communication service providers in the world. Some practical ideas and techniques implemented in Grameenphone might be very helpful for others who are fighting to survive or trying to be more profitable or going to provide new services- 3G /LTE/LTE-Aor want to contribute in climate change anywhere in the world. Some challenging techniques and tactics are discussed here to reduce vast amount of energy consumptions from different equipment used in the base station, access and transport network for cost reduction.
Index Terms-OpEx,BS, RAN, TX, AC, DC, microwave, transport, Power, DC ventilation, DVS, Battery,

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Abul Hossain, Dr. King-Sun Chan, "Massive Energy Saving Systems and Strategies at Equipment Level in the Highest Competitive Telecommunication Market"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Sic & Al₂O₃
  Kamaal Haider, Md. Azad Alam, Amit Redhewal,Vishal Saxena
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Present study is focused on the fabrication of aluminium 6061 based metal matrix composites, Reinforced with silicon carbide and Al₂O₃ by stir casting technique. The percentage of one reinforcement particulate is kept constant and varying other and vice versa, namely typeI and typeII composites. The various mechanical tests like tensile strength test, hardness test, wear test and Impact strength performed on the samples obtained by stir casting technique for comparison purpose. The result indicated that the developed method is quite successful and there is an increase in the value of tensile strength, hardness value and Impact strength of newly developed composite having (SiC + Al₂O₃) particulates in comparison to the Aluminium.
Keywords -Aluminum 6061, SiC, Al₂O₃, Metal matrix composite, Mechanical properties.

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Kamaal Haider, Md. Azad Alam, Amit Redhewal,Vishal Saxena, "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Sic & Al₂O₃"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Synthesis of Calcium Silicate (Casio3) Using Calcium Fluoride, Quartz and Microbes
  B. Gopal Krishna, M. Jagannadha Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Microbes like bacteria, algae, fungi and virus play an important role to catalyst chemical reactions. In Nature, ores or minerals of different compounds are formed due to microbial environment and other factors like weathering. Microbial environment is also instrumental in forming calcium containing silicate minerals. Chemical reactions occur under microbial environment because microbes have the ability to control or modify different factors like pH, chemical potential and temperature during reactions. In this paper, synthesis of calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) using calcium fluoride (CaF₂) and quartz (SiO₂) under microbial environment in a laboratory is being adopted to produce the required material. XRD technique is used to confirm the formation of CaSiO₃.
Keywords -Atmospheric CO₂, calcium fluoride, CaSiO₃,quartz, microbes.

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B. Gopal Krishna, M. Jagannadha Rao, "Synthesis of Calcium Silicate (Casio3) Using Calcium Fluoride, Quartz and Microbes"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Model of Hybrid Approach for FAHP and TOPSIS with Supporting by DSS
  Maryam Mollaei
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays major decision are introduced as a milestone in the life of organizations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a hybrid model to decide the optimal way of solving problems based on fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and prioritization techniques based on similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and support the model using decision support system.Theresults ofeachcasewill be consideredseparately and the result ofthe combinedapproachis shown. The output of the combination approach can prove due to its high power. Application of our model to different organizationsand companies show a fine improvement and fair agreement for output proficiency of the systems.
Keywords -Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Multi–criteria Decision-making (MCDM), Technique

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Maryam Mollaei, "A Model of Hybrid Approach for FAHP and TOPSIS with Supporting by DSS"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Time Restriction in Construction Project Management Using Lingo and M.S.Excel
  Komal Kiran, Maneeth.P.D, Brijbhushan S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study is an attempt to identify the minimum time of a construction project using the critical path method and linear programming model. A systematic analysis is attempted by developing a work breakdown structure for entire project to establish work elements for quantifying various resources against time and cost. A network is established taking into consideration all the predecessor and successor activities. The network is then optimized through crashing of activities so as to obtain optimal solution and serves as a base for optimizing total project cost. Finally, linear programming model is used to formulate the system of crashing network for minimum time by LINGO model and Microsoft Excel. These models consider many considerations of project thus reducing the duration of project. Ultimately, comparison of both the software outputs and the manual
keywords:Linear Programming, Crashing, CPM, LINGO, Microsoft Excel etc.

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Komal Kiran, Maneeth.P.D, Brijbhushan S, "Optimization of Time Restriction in Construction Project Management Using Lingo and M.S.Excel"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Cross-ply Laminate composite under UD load based on CLPT by Ansys APDL
  Rahul Patwa, Amit Telang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In current study the strength of composite material configuration is obtained from the properties of constituent laminate by using classical laminate plate theory. For the purpose of analysis various configurations of 2 layered and 4 layered cross ply laminates are used. The material of laminate is supposed to be boron/epoxy having orthotropic properties. The loading in current study is supposed to be of uniformly distributed load type. For the analysis purpose software working on finite element analysis logics i.e. Ansys mechanical APDL is used. By the help of Ansys mechanical APDL the deflection and stress intensity is found out. The effect of variation of laminate layers is also studied in current study along with the effect of variation of stacking patterns. The current study will also help to conclude which stacking pattern is best in 2 layered and 4 layered cross ply laminate.

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Rahul Patwa, Amit Telang, "Analysis of Cross-ply Laminate composite under UD load based on CLPT by Ansys APDL"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Mechanical Behavior Of A Nylon Seat Belt Exposed To Cyclical Loads: A Numerical Approach
  Lucas Nogueira Assis, Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This work aims to study the mechanical behavior of a nylon seat belt when it is exposed to cyclical loads through the Finite Element Methods. This work used as base the brazilian regulamentoy standard ABNT NBR 7337:2011 to create the virtual model of the seat belt, with the following dimensions: 1.20mm thick, 48mm width and 250mm length. The next step was to import this CAD model to ANSYS 14.5 software, to create the correct material model for this case and apply the correct boundary conditions in order to analyze its behavior under a load that varies from 0 to 2000 N at a 10 Hz frequency. The final step was to analyze this numerical results that referring to this component under these conditions.
Keywords -ANSYS Workbench 14.5, fatigue, FEM, polymers, seat belt

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Lucas Nogueira Assis, Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, "The Mechanical Behavior Of A Nylon Seat Belt Exposed To Cyclical Loads: A Numerical Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

• Compost Quality Assessment Of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India
  B. Vinod, A. Ravindernath
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

India produces about 3000 million tons of MSW annually out of which 40 –50 % are compostable. Compost Quality plays a very important role in making MSW compost a marketable product as they are tested for fertilizing parameters, heavy metal parameters and harmful pathogens. In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the quality of compost so formed by the windrow composting process from the MSW obtained from Jawahar Nagar, and the vegetable waste from the commercial area Hyderabad by it analysis (Laboratory as well as statistical) and the quality of composts was found out using Quality control Indices such as Fertilizing Index and Clean Index.Parameters like Moisture content, pH, EC, TOC, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorous, Total Potassium, C/N ratio, and heavy metals like Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Lead, and chromium were analyzed and it was found that all the parameters are within the permissible limits prescribed by FCO. Further Fertility Index and Clean Index were determined for both the samples and it was found that both the samples had a fertility index value of 4.2 and clean index value of 4.2 for sample I and 3.6 for Sample II was determined. These Indices values are used to find out the class to which the compost belongs to; and hence it was found out that sample I belonged to Class A category whereas Sample II belonged to Class C category. Hence it can be recommended that proper segregation of the solid waste is important from composting point of view because mixed waste affects the quality of compost.
Key word: C/N ratio, Clean Index, Compost, Heavy metals, MSW.

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B. Vinod, A. Ravindernath, "Compost Quality Assessment Of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India" Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A Review
  Umasankar Das, Dr. Vijay Toppo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The friction stir welding is recently developed solid state welding process which overcome the problem associated with fusion welding technology. The properties achieved by friction stir welding is better than that achieve by fusion welding technique It has been invented as a solid-state joining technique and initially applied to aluminum alloys. FSW is used to replace rivets joints in the aeronautical industry. Recently the aircraft and military industries widely have been using aluminum alloys particularly because of their fine strength to weight ratio. However in compare with steels they represent welding difficulties and also lower ductility. In last years it has been observed that Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method represents better microstructure and mechanical properties than conventional methods in welding aluminum alloys. It has been widely investigated for mostly low melting materials, such as Al, Mg and Cu alloys. Aluminum is the most usable material in engineering application and a lot of improvement is needed in the area of its welding. The latest works on friction stir welding of aluminum have been directed towards improving the quality of weld, reducing defects and applying the process of FSW to aluminum for specific applications. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a last decade. The FSW of Aluminums and its alloys has been commercialized; and recent interest is focused on joining dissimilar materials. However, in order to commercialize the process, research studies are required to characterize and establish proper process parameters for FSW. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of this welding processes in the field of welding. Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
Keywords:FSW, Aluminium alloys , process parameters, tool rotation, transverse speed, tool design, mechanical properties, tensile strength, hardness, microstructure properties.

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Umasankar Das, Dr. Vijay Toppo, "Friction Stir.Welding is an advance metal joining process: A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• 3D Graph Drawings: Good Viewing for Occluded Vertices
  Tariq O. Fadl Elsid,Samani A. Talab
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The growing studies show that the human brain can comprehend increasingly complex structures if they are displayed as objects in three dimensional spaces. In addition to that, recent technological advances have led to the production of a lot of data, and consequently have led to many large and complex models of 3D graph drawings in many domains. Good Drawing (Visualization) resolves the problems of the occluded structures of the graph drawings and amplifies human understanding, thus leading to new insights, findings and predictions. We present method for drawing 3D graphs which uses a force-directed algorithm as a framework. The main result of this work is that, 3D graph drawing and presentation techniques are combined available at interactive speed. Even large graphs with hundreds of vertices can be meaningfully displayed by enhancing the presentation with additional attributes of graph drawings and the possibility of interactive user navigation. In the implementation, we interactively visualize many 3D graphs of different size and complexity to support our method. We show that Gephi Software is capable of producing good viewpoints for 3D graph drawing, by its built-in force directed layout algorithms.
Keywords: 3D Graph Drawings, 3D Graph Visualization, Vertex-Vertex Occlusion, Good Viewpoint, Gephi.

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Tariq O. Fadl Elsid,Samani A. Talab, "3D Graph Drawings: Good Viewing for Occluded Vertices"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Extraction of Electrical Energy from Heat Produced During Metal Cutting Operation on Lathe by Using Thermocouples
  Sameer Rafiq Shah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Machining is the process of removal of excess material from the given work piece to finish it to the required dimensions required as per use. Various metals and alloys are machined with the help of cutting tools like HSS, carbides etc. Majority of the industry manufactured products require machining at some stage ranging from relatively rough or nonprecision work such as cleaning of sprues, risers and gates to high precision work involving tolerances of 0.0001 inch and high surface finish.
Machining operations on lathes involve rotating of work pieces and feeding of cutting tool against it in a specified manner with correct feed. This process involves constant rubbing of tool and work piece which generates a large amount of heat. This heat is usually carried away by the coolant or it is dissipated in the atmosphere.
With every passing day, the need for sustainable living on Earth is increasing greatly. For this we need to start extracting and recovering the lost energy. The following paper shows how electricity can be generated from the lost heat produced during machining operation on lathe by using thermocouples.
Keywords: Heat extraction; thermocouples; electrical energy.

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Sameer Rafiq Shah, "Extraction of Electrical Energy from Heat Produced During Metal Cutting Operation on Lathe by Using Thermocouples"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation, Categorization, Distribution and Methods of Reduction of Losses to Improve Thermal Design of SCIM Motor
  A Ravi Prasad, Dr. K Prahlada Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For any thermal design and improvements of the motor accurate evaluation of the losses and reasons for existence of these losses because of which they occur is very important. Experimental techniques aiming at determining total losses and temperature rise in squirrel cage induction motors (SCIM) are expensive and their effectiveness is often limited to specific types of motors. Accurate estimation of these losses and how they are distributed along with feasible techniques to reduce them will result a scope to optimize the thermal design of the motor. In the present report evaluation, categorization, distribution and methods of reduction of all losses in SCIM Motor are presented. This has been done with relevant mathematical expressions and presenting properties of important materials.

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A Ravi Prasad, Dr. K Prahlada Rao, "Evaluation, Categorization, Distribution and Methods of Reduction of Losses to Improve Thermal Design of SCIM Motor"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved SCTP Scheme To Overcome Congestion Losses Over Manet
  Amritpal Kaur, Er.Pooja Rani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Transmission control conventions have been utilized for data transmission process. TCP has been pre-possessed for information transmission over wired correspondence having diverse transfer speeds and message delays over the system. TCP gives correspondence utilizing 3-handshake which sends RTS and ACK originate from server end and information message has been transmitted over the data transmission gave. This does not give security over flooding assault happened on the system. TCP gives correspondence between distinctive hubs of the wired correspondence however when multi-spilling happens in a system TCP does not gives legitimate throughput of the framework which is significant issue that happened in the past framework. In the proposed work, to beat this issue SCTP and Improved SCTP transmission control convention has been executed for the framework execution of the framework. SCTP gives 4-handshake correspondence in the message transmit and improved SCTP gives the performance when the queue length comes to its full value then it divides the message to other nodes because of which security element get expansions and this likewise gives correspondence administrations over multi-spilling and multi-homing. Numerous sender and recipients can impart over wired system utilizing different methodologies of correspondence through same routers, which debases in the TCP convention. In last we assess parameters for execution assessment. Here, we composed and actualized our proving ground utilizing Network Simulator (NS-2.35) to test the execution of both Routing conventions.
Keywords: MANET, Delay, PDR, SCTP, TCP, Throughput

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Amritpal Kaur, Er.Pooja Rani, "Improved SCTP Scheme to Overcome Congestion Losses over Manet"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Drilling Mud Formulation Using Potato Starch(Ipomoea Batatas)
  Wami Emenike Nyeche, Nmegbu Chukwuma Godwin J and Pius Jane Ifeoma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the search for suitable local alternatives as additives in the manufacture of drilling muds which is an essential entity in the exploration of oil and gas, some vital considerations must be put in place such as cost and environmental effect. This study focuses on the suitability of locally processed potato starch as a viscosifier and fluid loss agent in drilling mud. Comparative analysis of properties obtained from the prepared potato starch mud and that formulated from Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) were carried out. Results from this investigation showed that rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point) of the potato starch mud increased when the content of both viscosifiers were equal at 1.0g/ 316.4ml of water. Plastic viscosity also increased by 13.6% when potato starch concentration increased by 50%. Also, a combination of PAC and potato starch at a ratio of 1:1 to 0.5:1.5 gave a fluid loss of 7.1 - 7.7 ml which were very close to that of the standard mud at 6.8ml. the pH, mud weight and specific gravity of the formulated mud samples ranged from 7.0 - 9.0, 7.0 - 9.1 and 0.83 - 1.09 respectively, which were all in line with the standard mud specifications.
Keywords: Drilling Fluid, Fluid Loss Control, Potato starch and Viscosifiers.

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Wami Emenike Nyeche, Nmegbu Chukwuma Godwin J and Pius Jane Ifeoma, "Drilling Mud Formulation Using Potato Starch(Ipomoea Batatas)"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fuzzy Type Image Fusion Using SPIHT Image Compression Technique
  Shyam Sundar, Mahendra Kumar, Gaurav Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a fuzzy type image fusion technique using Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT). It is concluded that fusion with higher single levels provides better fusion quality. This technique can be used for fusion of fuzzy images as well as multi model image fusion. The proposed algorithm is very simple, easy to implement and could be used for real time applications. This is paper also provided comparatively studied between proposed and previous existing technique and validation of the proposed algorithm as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
Index Terms: Fuzzy type image, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), PSNR, RMSE.

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Shyam Sundar, Mahendra Kumar, Gaurav Sharma, "Fuzzy Type Image Fusion Using SPIHT Image Compression Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bandwidth and Return Loss Improvement of H-shaped Patch Microstrip Antenna using EBG structure
  Govind Bhai, Mrinal Dubey, Lalit Kishor Tyagi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The future development of personal communication devices will aim to provide image, speech and data anywhere around the world at any time. This indicates that the future communication terminal antennas must meet the requirements of wideband to sufficiently cover the possible operating bands. The aim of this paper is to improve the bandwidth and return loss of H-shaped patch microstrip antenna using EBG structure on ground plane. EBG structure is a periodic arrangement of dielectric materials and metallic conductors on ground plane of antennas. Microstrip antennas mounted can radiate only a small amount of its power into free space as more power leakage through the dielectric substrate. To improve the efficiency of the antenna, the propagation through the substrate must be prohibited so the antenna can radiate more power towards the main beam direction and hence improve its efficiency. As the proposed antenna has resonant frequency at 2.496 GHz so suitable for ISMband applications. For designing this, we uses CST software tool. The designed antenna offers much improved bandwidth of 59.9 MHz and return loss is -30.02 dB as compared to conventional H-shaped patch microstrip antenna which having bandwidth of 33 MHz and return loss is -12.43 dB.
Keywords: CST-Computer Simulation Technology, EBG- Electromagnetic Band Gap structure, ISMBIndustrial Scientific and Medical band.

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Govind Bhai, Mrinal Dubey, Lalit Kishor Tyagi, "Bandwidth and Return Loss Improvement of H-shaped Patch Microstrip Antenna using EBG structure"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Alternative Method for Determining the Elastic Modulus of Concrete
  A. H. A. Santos, G. O. Ribeiro, R. L. S. Pitangueira, E. V. M. Carrasco
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the use of the technique of digital image correlation for obtaining the elasticity modulus of concrete. The proposed system uses a USB microscope that captures images at a rate of five frames per second. The stored data are correlated with the applied loads, and a stress-strain curve is generated to determine the concrete compressive modulus of elasticity. Two different concretes were produced and tested using the proposed system. The results were compared with the results obtained using a traditional strain gauge. It was observed a difference in the range of 4% between the two methods, wherein this difference depends of a lot of parameter in the case of the DIC results, as focal length and a video capture resolution, indicating that DIC technique can be used to obtain mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords: Experimental testing, Concrete strain, Concrete Structures

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A. H. A. Santos, G. O. Ribeiro, R. L. S. Pitangueira, E. V. M. Carrasco, "Alternative Method for Determining the Elastic Modulus of Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cr-Submanifolds of a Nearly Hyperbolic Kenmotsu Manifold Admitting a Quater Symmetric Metric Connection
  Nikhat Zulekha, Shadab Ahmad Khan and Mobin Ahmad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We consider a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with a quarter symmetric metric connection and study CRsubmanifolds of a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection. We also study parallel distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection and find the integrability conditions of some distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with quarter symmetric metric connection
Keywords: CR-submanifolds, nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold, quarter symmetric metric connection, integrability conditions, parallel distribution.

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Nikhat Zulekha, Shadab Ahmad Khan and Mobin Ahmad, "Bandwidth and Return Loss Improvement of H-shaped Patch Microstrip Antenna using EBG structure"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Development of a Model for the Simulation of ROPS Tests on Agricultural Tractors Cabin: Numerical Models and Experimental Verification
  Sergio Baragetti, Franco Robolotti, Fabio Rota
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It is here proposed a methodology for simulation of ROPS tests (ROPS = Roll Over Protective Structure) of agricultural tractor cabins. The work is based on the resolution of this problem through the use of the finite element method. In order to limit the number of nodes of the model and thus to speed up the resolution,a twodimensional finite elements model has been chosen. The method presented here solves with relative ease, even very complex structures. There are also simplest methods in literature where specially made software is based on the finite element method for simulating approval tests on ROPS structures. In this case,codes developed just for this purposeare available, and therefore very simple to use and characterized by a high speed of preparation of the model following the definition of a small number of parameters. On the other side these are codes designed for structures having a specific geometric shape and in which the user is not free to set all the parameters existing in commercial software for the structural calculation, and are not very suitable in case of complex or not conventional structures. The methodology proposed by the authors instead, although not automated, allows simulating any type of structure in acceptable times. The results were validated by full scale experimental tests. Through the interpretation of the results it is possible to identify which areais the most critical for the structure and evaluate any change, something which is not easy to do through expensive tests.
Keywords: agricultural tractors; ROPS; FEM models; OECD codes. References in this article may be made as follows: S. Baragetti, F. Rota and F. Robolotti., (2015), "Development of a model for the simulation of ROPS tests on agricultural tractors cabin" , Vol . , No. , pp. .

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Sergio Baragetti, Franco Robolotti, Fabio Rota, "Development of a Model for the Simulation of ROPS Tests on Agricultural Tractors Cabin: Numerical Models and Experimental Verification"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mitigation of Noise in OFDM Based Plc System Using Filter Kernel Design
  Nisha G Krishnan, Tini Susan Abraham
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power line communication is a technology that transforms power line in to pathway for conveyance of broadband data. It is cost less than other communication approach and for better bandwidth efficiency OFDM based PLC system is used. In real PLC environment some electrical appliances will produce noise. To mitigate this noise filter kernel design is used, so periodic impulsive noise and Gaussian noises are removed from PLC communication system by using this filter kernel design. MATLAB is used for the simulation and the result shows that filter kernel is simple and effective noise mitigation technique. Further in future, interference due to obstacles also wants to be mitigated for the better data transmission without noise.
Keywords: PLC, Adaptive Notch Filter, Guassian Filter, OFDM.

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Nisha G Krishnan, Tini Susan Abraham, "Mitigation of Noise in OFDM Based Plc System Using Filter Kernel Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Mixed Approach For Nutrient Management Planning In Southeast Asian Countries
  Pham Ngoc Bao, Toshiya Aramaki, Do Thu Nga, Testuo Kuyama, Bijon Kumer Mitra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Southeast Asia (SeA) region has experienced impressive economic, population and urban growth in the last decades. The region faces big challenges and difficult choices, between economic growth and environmental protection, especially from water pollution, in pursuing sustainable development. Deterioration of water quality in lakes, rivers and reservoirs in urban areas due to nutrient pollution from anthropogenic sources, either point or non-point sources, has recently been recognized as one of the most serious environmental problems throughout the region. The nutrient pollution problem in water environment has been well-recognized and addressed in many developed countries, but not in developing countries, especially in the SeA region. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment on the current status of nutrient management across the region, and investigates possible reasons why current efforts fail to address the issue. In addition, the paper examines the possibility of introducing a mixed approach, from planning stage using a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) tool to implementing stage utilizing regulatory and economic incentive measures to effectively address the nutrient pollution from both point and non-point sources.
Keywords: agriculture; economic incentives; nutrient pollution; southeast asia; urban wastewater.

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Pham Ngoc Bao, Toshiya Aramaki, Do Thu Nga, Testuo Kuyama4, Bijon Kumer Mitra, "A Mixed Approach For Nutrient Management Planning In Southeast Asian Countries"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis and Implementation of Hard-Decision Viterbi Decoding In Wireless Communication over AWGN Channel
  Muhammad Asif, H.M.Rehan Afzal, Anum Nusrat, Arslan Akbar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Convolutional codes are also known as Turbo codes because of their error correction capability. These codes are also awarded as Super product codes, because these codes have replaced the backward error correction codes. Turbo codes are much more efficient than previous backward error correction codes because these are Forward error correction (FEC) codes and there is no need for a feedback link to request the transmitter for retransmission of data, when bits are corrupted in the information channel. A Viterbi decoder decodes stream of digital data bits that has been encoded by Convolutional encoder. In this paper we introduce a RSC (Recursive Systematic Convolutional) encoder with constraint length of 2 code rate of 1/3. The RSC encoder and Viterbi decoder both are implemented on paper, as well as in MATLAB. Simulation results are also presented by using MATLAB.
Keywords: Convolutional codes; RSC encoder; Viterbi decoder; Trellis diagram; Hamming distance; Viterbi algorithm/p> ×

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Muhammad Asif, H.M.Rehan Afzal, Anum Nusrat, Arslan Akbar, "Analysis and Implementation of Hard-Decision Viterbi Decoding In Wireless Communication over AWGN Channel"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Shock Simulation of the Optics Mirror Assembly By Numerical Method
  Mr. Brijeshkumar Patel, Mr. Vipulkumar Vasava, Dr. Mayur Sutaria
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Satellite faces many extreme types of loading throughout their life time from the harsh launch environment to the critical space environment. Launch load mainly dynamic is the main design concern for space structure. Shocks are the one of the most critical dynamic load occurs in spacecraft. Optics Mirror Assembly (OMA) is used in the telescope of the satellite. The telescope performance relies on dimensional control & the geometric positioning of the mirror, pointing accuracy and controlled surface deformation of the mirror; Mirror fixation device (MFD) is used for controlling all these factors. It should not distort due to launch loads mainly shocks as well as loads during operation of the telescope. In the present work an attempt has been made to perform experimental and computational analysis of the shock load on Optics Mirror Assembly. The FE modal for Shock Analysis purpose has been analysed with a specific Linear Transient Response Analysis in order to obtain the time history of acceleration in several output points. The analysis has been conducted over the time interval 0 to 62 ms and frequency band between 10 - 10 KHz. In order to verify the feasibility and reliability of the numerical (Implicit Finite Element Code, Nastran) analysis, the numerical results obtained by Nastran have been compared with those obtained experimentally in the form of SRS. The overall outcome of the simulation method has proven its reliability in simulating Satellite payloads subjected to shocks.
Keywords: Shock; Implicit Transient Response analysis; Optics Mirror Assembly;

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Mr. Brijeshkumar Patel, Mr. Vipulkumar Vasava, Dr. Mayur Sutaria, "Shock Simulation of the Optics Mirror Assembly By Numerical Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Polypyrrole/PZT Thermistor: An Effective pre-cursor towards sensor design
  S.N. Paul, Vineet V. Karambelkar, J.D. Ekhe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pristine Polypyrrole was prepared by employing inverse emulsion polymerization technique using Methanesulfonic acid as a dopant and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant. Oxidizing agent used was Potassium Persulfate. An attempt was made to formulate a Polypyrrole device by blending Polypyrrole with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoceramic powder which showed characteristics akin to a Thermistor thereby formulating its use as a pre-cursor to a temperature sensor upon Current vs. Voltage as well as Temperature vs. Conductivity studies. Characterization studies of Polypyrrole/PZT blends using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies yielded satisfactory and confirmatory results. Extensive conductivity studies were carried out from 298 K - 383 K and Conductivity as high as 3.97 S•cm-1 was obtained at a surfactant and dopant concentration of 9.0 g and 11.0 g respectively. Liquid Phase Sintering of Ppy/PZT blends with Tin (Sn) metal powder offers exciting opportunity towards formulation of a temperature sensor, the diffusivity studies of which are still underway.
Keywords: Polypyrrole; PZT; Inverse Emulsion Polymerization; Thermistor; Sensor; Liquid Phase Sintering.

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S.N. Paul, Vineet V. Karambelkar, J.D. Ekhe, "Polypyrrole/PZT Thermistor: An Effective pre-cursor towards sensor design"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cluster Analysis for Gene Expression Data: A Survey
  Bhupesh Deka, Sitanath Biswas, Narendra Kumar Rout
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

DNAmicroarraytechnologyhasnowmadeitpossibletosimultaneouslymonitortheexpres- sion levels of thousands of genes during important biological processes and across collections of related samples. Elucidating the patterns hidden in gene expression data offers a tremen- dous opportunity for an enhanced understanding of functional genomics. However, the large number of genes and the complexity of biological networks greatly increase the challenges of comprehending and interpreting the resulting mass of data, which often consists of millions of measurements. A first step toward addressing this challenge is the use of clustering techniques, which is essential in the data mining process store vealnatural structures and identify interesting patterns in the underlying data. Cluster analysis seeks to partition a given data set into groups based on specified features sothatthedatapoints with in a group are more similar to each other than the points in different groups. A very rich literature on cluster analysis has developed over the past...
Keywords: .....

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Bhupesh Deka, Sitanath Biswas, Narendra Kumar Rout"Cluster Analysis for Gene Expression Data: A Survey. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sterility of Modern Man in T.S.Eliot's "The Hollow Men"
  Rebecacca Bhattacharya, Sanghamitra Acharya, D.P.Maharana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Alienation, uncertainty, and complexity of the modern age drive its writers to do something in one way or another .T.S. Eliot (1888–1965), one of the most influential modernist poets of his time, dedicates major of his poetry to expose the modern individual's inability that he sees in himself and in his society. According to some critics, "The Hollow Men" (1925), is one of Eliot's most difficult poems. It is a dramatisation of a state of spiritual and emotional sterility, in which Eliot tragically presents a group of men aware of the shallowness of the society which theyconform..
Keywords: ...

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Rebecacca Bhattacharya, Sanghamitra Acharya, D.P.Maharana"Sterility of Modern Man in T.S.Eliot's "The Hollow Men". 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Weather Forecasting Techniques using Artificial Neural Networks
  Monalisa Samal, Subhasmita Sahoo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Weather forecasting has become an important field of research in the last few decades. In most of the cases the researcher had attempted to establish a linear relationship between the input weather data and the corresponding target data. But with the discovery of nonlinearity in the nature of weather data, the focus has shifted towards the nonlinear prediction of the weather data. Theadventofnewsatelliteimagingtechnologieshasmadesatellite images more accessible. These images can be utilized for weather predictions. This work proposes a simple approach for weather prediction that relies on satellite images and weather data as inputs. The method is divided into two parts. The first part involves the use of image processing techniques such as image segmentationonthesatelliteimagestoextractthecloudcover.On basis of the cloud cover obtained, percentage cloud cover is calculated and this calculated percentage value is stored, which is later used in the second stage of the approach. The second part involves the use of the cloud cover percentage along with other inputs such as temperature, humidity and wind speed to train an artificial neural network.
Keywords: Satellite Images, Image Processing, Artificial Neural Networks

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Monalisa Samal, Subhasmita Sahoo "Weather Forecasting Techniques using Artificial Neural Networks". 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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