• Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying The Diameter Of The Longitudinal Reinforcement In Beam
  Harish R, Nambiyanna B, Dr. R Prabhakara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The beam-column joint has been a topic of study for over 30 years now and still there are many things that yet to be completely understood. The joint was considered to be rigid, however researches have shown that failure may occur at the joint instead of the beam or column. This study was carried out to determine the effect of the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement of the beam on the strength, deformation and ductility in the beamcolumn joint using ANSYS. It was seen that the load carrying capacity and the deformation increases as the
Key word: ANSYS, Beam-column Joint, Diameter of Reinforcement, Finite Element

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Harish R, Nambiyanna B, Dr. R Prabhakara, "Analytical Investigation on External Beam-Column Joint Using ANSYS By Varying The Diameter Of The Longitudinal Reinforcement In Beam" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Research onidentify stadia of interchange exit ramp in mountainous urban freeway
  TAN Hai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Theidentify stadia of interchange exit ramp hasgreat influence on capacity and safety levels of urbanexpressway,combining with car psychological theory and driverscharacteristics,based on design speed and driver's reaction time, driversoperating characteristics and the cause of the accident on interchange exit ramp was analyzed and the identify stadia threshold under different design speedwas determined. The resultindicates that: the requirements of specification for identify stadia has some limitations, it should be modified appropriately.
Keywords: expressway; interchange exitramp; identify stadia

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TAN Hai, "Research onidentify stadia of interchange exit ramp in mountainous urban freeway"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Acoustic Analysis of Commercially Available Timber Species in Nigeria
  Ezeagu C.A and Okolie C.M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Several acoustic techniques have been used to determine elastic and damping properties of trees, logs and beams in different parts of the world but such acoustic data on timber are not available in standard form in Nigeria. Ten species of locally occurring Nigerian timber (five hardwood species and five softwoods species) were sampled and subjected to acoustic analysis using a "Portable Ultrasonic Non destructive Digital Indicating Tester (PUNDIT), with a view to assessing the stiffness and strength characteristics of the timber species by obtaining the velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal stress waves through the timber piece and hence calculating the dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) of each species. Results obtained showed that the velocity of acoustic waves through a timber piece and hence the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MoE) of the piece is directly proportional to the strength of the wood. Of all the timber species tested, the species with the highest MoE value (8.48GPa) was Mansonia (mansonia altissima) while that with the lowest MoE value (1.64GPa) was Alstonia (alstonia booeneicongensis). This study thus provides for the first time, valuable data on the strength characteristics of ten commercially available species of Nigerian timber represented in terms of their dynamic MoE values.
Keywords: Nigerian timber, PUNDIT, Acoustic velocity, Modulus of elasticity, Timber strength

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Ezeagu C.A and Okolie C.M, "Acoustic Analysis of Commercially Available Timber Species in Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Introducing Novel Graph Database Cloud Computing For Efficient Data Management
  Dr.Arunkumar B R, Komala R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Graph theory stands as a natural mathematical model for cloud networks, axiomatic cloud theory further defines the cloud with formal mathematical model. keeping axiomatic theory as a basis, paper proposes bipartite cloud and proposes graph database model as a suitable database for data management .it is highlighted that perfect matching in bipartite cloud can enhance searching in bipartite cloud.
Keywords: Graph database cloud,cloudcomputing,bipartite graph.

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Dr.Arunkumar B R, Komala R, "Introducing Novel Graph Database Cloud Computing For Efficient Data Management" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Influence of Calcined Clay Pozzolan, Low-Cao Steel Slag and Granite Dust On the Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete
  James Sarfo-Ansah, Mark Bediako, Trinity A. Tagbor, Kwabena Appiah Boakyeand Delali Adjei
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The influence of low CaO steel slag, calcined clay and granite dust on the alkali-silica reaction was investigated over a period of 35 days under accelerated curing conditions. The mineral admixtures were used to replace varying portions of high alkali Portland limestone cement up to an admixture content of 25% in order to study their effect on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Portland limestone cement used for the study had a total Na2Oeq of 4.32. XRD analysis of hydrated mortar bar samples confirmed the formation of an expansive sodium silica gel in the reference Portland cement mortar bar as the agent responsible for ASR. Stable calcium silicates were formed in the mortar bars containing calcined clay in increasing quantities whilst the presence of the sodium silicate gel decreased.The occurrence of these stable silicates in hydrated samples containing steel slag and granite dust was however minimal, compared to calcined clay cement mortars. The highest expansion was recorded for granite dust mortar bars, reaching a maximum of 25.98% at 35 days. Mortar-bar expansion decreased as calcined clay content in the cement increased;mortar bars with 25% calcined clay were the least expansive recording expansion less than 0.1% at all test ages. Whilst the expansion was reduced by between 42.5% and 107.8% at 14 days with increasing calcined clay content, expansion rather increased between 36.8% and 169.5% at 14 days with increasing granite dust content.Steel slag mortar bars experienced reduction in 14 days expansion between 14.3% - 46.2%.The study confirms that steel slag and calcined clay pozzolan have greater influence on ASR in mortar bars than granite dust and shows that calcined clay and low CaO steel slag could be considered as remedial admixtures for ASR at replacement levels of 25% and 15% respectively.
Keywords - low-CaO steel slag, calcined clay pozzolan, granite dust, alkali-silica reaction, expansion, sodium silicate gel, calcium silicates

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James Sarfo-Ansah, Mark Bediako, Trinity A. Tagbor, Kwabena Appiah Boakyeand Delali Adjei, "The Influence of Calcined Clay Pozzolan, Low-Cao Steel Slag and Granite Dust On the Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study of the Pozzolanic Properties of Anfoega Kaolin
  Tagbor, T, A., Boakye, K. A, Sarfo-Ansah J. and Atiemo, E.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Kaolin, usually referred to as "hyire" in Ghana is commonly used for traditional religious ceremonies or medicinal purposes. However, there exist abundant kaolin deposits in Ghana whose potential is under-utilized. This work therefore has studied the potential use of kaolin from Anfoega, a small town in the Volta Region of Ghana as a mineral admixture in Portland cement. The raw kaolin was calcined at 700oC to produce metakaolin and milled to cement fineness. The physical, chemical as well as mineralogical properties were conducted on the raw and calcined kaolin. Compressive strength test on the mortars, prepared by replacing ordinary Portland cement with 5% to 40% metakaolin was also conducted. XRF analysis of the metakaolin identified SiO2 and Al2O3 as the dominant oxides whilst the presence of pyrophilites, magnetite and quartz were identified by XRD. Compressive strength decreased as metakaolin content in the cement increased. The optimum replacement was 25%, recording compressive strengths of 11.2MPa, 16.8MPa and 43.0MPa for 2, 7 and 28 days respectively. At 25%, water permeability was improved by 38.7%. Co-efficient of water permeability (Kα) decreased with increasing metakaolin content. This investigation has shown that Anfoega kaolin has good pozzolanic properties and can be used as a mineral admixture in Portland cement.
Keyword— Kaolin, metakaolin, compressive strength, mineralogical composition, permeability

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Tagbor, T, A., Boakye, K. A, Sarfo-Ansah J. and Atiemo, E, "A Study of the Pozzolanic Properties of Anfoega Kaolin" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Studies on Strength Characteristics of Pond Ash Replaced Fibre Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete
  Anand G Patil, Lokesh Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Energy consumption and generation is increasing day by day due to rapid industrialization & urbanization. A major portion of the energy is generated by Thermal Power Plants. Pond ash (PA) and other by-products from these plants are disposed in large quantities. Pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Hence there is scope for using Pond ash as Fine Aggregate (FA). Use of alternative material in concrete such as industrial by-products like Coal Ash (Fly Ash and Pond Ash) is eco-friendly. This study reports the results of experimental studies carried out on the use of Pond ash as Fine Aggregate (FA) in concrete with and without fibre reinforcement. The properties of Pond Ash were compared to the standard sand. The pond ash added by weight is 10%,20%,30%,40%,50% and 60% respectively as replacement of FA in concrete and 2% low tensile steel fibre was used for reinforcement. Experiments carried out indicate that Pond ash as partial replacement of sand has beneficial effect on the mechanical properties. The strength properties are determined for various percentages (10-60%) of replacement of Fine Aggregate with Pond ash with and without fibre reinforcement. The test results indicate that the optimum PA replacement is 20% for both the cases.

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Anand G Patil, Lokesh Gupta, "Studies on Strength Characteristics of Pond Ash Replaced Fibre Reinforced Pavement Quality Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Review of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation
  Md. Ibrahim, Abul Khair, Shaheer Ansari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Integration and combined utilization of renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly attractive. This paper is a review of hybrid renewable energy systems technologies for power generation, important issues and challenges in their design stage. Generation technology selection and unit sizing, System configurations and Energy management and control are discussed. Applications of hybrid energy systems, advantages of hybrid energy systems, issues and problems related to hybrid energy systems and an overview of energy storage technologies for renewable energy systems are presented. This paper also highlights the future trends of Hybrid energy systems, which represent a promising sustainable solution for power generation.
Keywords: HRES, PV system and fuel cell, HOMER.

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Md. Ibrahim, Abul Khair, Shaheer Ansari, "A Review of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Secure Data Sharing In an Untrusted Cloud
  Rekha Chandankere, Masrath Begum
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud computing is a huge area which basically provides many services on the basis of pay as you go. One of the fundamental services provided by cloud is data storage. Cloud provides cost efficiency and an efficient solution for sharing resource among cloud users. A secure and efficient data sharing scheme for groups in cloud is not an easy task. On one hand customers are not ready to share their identity but on other hand want to enjoy the cost efficiency provided by the cloud. It needs to provide identity privacy, multiple owner and dynamic data sharing without getting effected by the number of cloud users revoked. In this paper, any member of a group can completely enjoy the data storing and sharing services by the cloud. A secure data sharing scheme for dynamic cloud users is proposed in this paper. For which it uses group signature and dynamic broadcast encryption techniques such that any user in a group can share the information in a secured manner. Additionally the permission option is proposed for the security reasons. This means the file access permissions are generated by the admin and given to the user using Role Based Access Control (RBA) algorithm. The file access permissions are read, write and delete. In this, owner can provide files with options and accepts the users using that option. The revocation of cloud user is a function generated by the Admin for security purpose. The encryption computational cost and storage overhead is not dependent on the number of users revoked. We analyze the security by proofs and produce the cloud efficiency report using cloudsim.
Keywords - Cloud computing, data sharing, data-privacy, role based access control and encryption.

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Rekha Chandankere, Masrath Begum, "Secure Data Sharing In an Untrusted Cloud"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Analytical Investigation and Comparison on Performance of Ss316, Ss440c and Titanium Alloy Tool Materials Used As Single Point Cutting Tool
  Mr. Amaresh Kumar Dhadange, Dr. H.G. Hanumantharaju, Mr. Suresh, Mr. Karthik K Kallur, Mr. Anand S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Theoretical analysis for performance studies of SS316, SS44OC and Titanium Alloy used as a cutting tool is presented in this paper. Tool temperature, tools wear and life of the tool is investigated analytically. These theoretical values are compared with the experimental studies conducted by the author. The values obtained from experimental studies are comparable with analytical values and variation is the correlation between theoretical and experimental values is of the order of 15%.

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Mr. Amaresh Kumar Dhadange, Dr. H.G. Hanumantharaju, Mr. Suresh, Mr. Karthik K Kallur, Mr. Anand S, "Analytical Investigation and Comparison on Performance of Ss316, Ss440c and Titanium Alloy Tool Materials Used As Single Point Cutting Tool"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Fixed Point Results In Fuzzy Menger Space With Common Property (E.A.)
  Ruchi Singh, A D Singh and Anil Goyal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents some common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible mappings via an implicit relation in Fuzzy Menger spaces satisfying the common property (E.A)
Key words: Weakly compatible mappings, Fuzzy Menger space, Semi-compatible mapping, Implicit function, common fixed point.

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Ruchi Singh, A D Singh and Anil Goyal, "Fixed Point Results In Fuzzy Menger Space With Common Property (E.A.)"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Interfacing and Commissioning of Motor and Drive to the Tandem test jig
  Varshitha N Gowda, Mrs. Radha R, Arun H
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The motors and drives have wide applications from servos to traction and it is mainly used in automation industry, CNC machines and robots. The application of interfacing and commissioning of motor and drive to the tandem test jig helps to achieve improved reliability and cost effectiveness. This paper mainly describes how motors and drive system is interfaced to tandem test jig.BG605 motor grader vehicle is used for grading operation and bank cutting operation of roads. Tandem is a part of BG605 Motor grader equipment and it is used for transmission of power in the equipment. Testing of the tandem before assembling on to the vehicle is very much essential.
Keyword— BG605 Motor Grader, Tandem equipment, Variable frequency drive, AC Motor.

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Varshitha N Gowda, Mrs. Radha R, Arun H, "Interfacing and Commissioning of Motor and Drive to the Tandem test jig" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Enhancement of Structure, Tc and Irreversibility Line in High Tc Superconductors by Heat Treatments
  Abdeljabar Aboulkassim, Abdelhakim Nafidi, Keltoum Khallouq, Redwane Morghi, Essediq Youssef EL Yakoubi, Mohammed Bellioua, Abdellatif Elanique, Ahmed Taoufik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

AC susceptibility (X_ac=X'+iX") and X ray diffraction (XRD) are very useful for characterizing high Tc superconductors. We report here on the preparation, X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, resistivity p, AC magnetic susceptibility measurements and effect of heat treatments in (Y_1-xNd_x)SrBaCu₃O_6+z. Each sample was subject to two types of heat treatment: oxygen annealing [O] and argon annealing followed by oxygen annealing [AO]. For each x, the [AO] heat treatment increases the orthorhombicity ε = (b-a)/(b+a) (for 0≤x<1), T_c (for x>0.2), the distance d[Cu(1)-(Sr/Ba)] (for x>0.25) and reduced the linear resistivity parameters. The irreversibility line, investigated by AC susceptibility measurements, fit well with the power law relation: H=K'(1-T_p/T_c)ⁿ. Results show that the effect of annealing under argon flux leads to an enhancement of irreversibility line for low applied magnetic field which is justified by the improvement of crystallographic quality and the intergranular coupling of the samples heated under argon flux [AO]. Remarkable correlations were observed. A combination of several factors such as decrease in d[Cu(1)-(Sr/Ba)] for x>0.25; increase in cationic and chain oxygen ordering; psh and in-phase purity for the [AO] samples may account for the observed data.
Keyword— Heat treatments control of T_c, irreversibility line, (Y_1-xNd_x)(SrBa)Cu₃O_6+z, ceramic cuprites

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Abdeljabar Aboulkassim, Abdelhakim Nafidi, Keltoum Khallouq, Redwane Morghi, Essediq Youssef EL Yakoubi, Mohammed Bellioua, Abdellatif Elanique, Ahmed Taoufik, "Enhancement of Structure, Tc and Irreversibility Line in High Tc Superconductors by Heat Treatments"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Data Encryption and Decryption Algorithm Using Hamming Code and Arithmetic Operations
  Kurapati Sundar Teja, Shanmukha Mallikarjuna Bandaru, Kurapati Pavan Teja, Fazal Noorbasha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper explains the implementation of data encryption and decryption algorithm using hamming code and arithmetic operations with the help of Verilog HDL. As the days are passing the old algorithms are not remained so strong cryptanalyst are familiar with them. Hamming code is one of forward error correcting code which has got many applications. In this paper hamming code algorithm was discussed and the implementation of it was done with arithmetic operations. For high security some arithmetic operations are added with hamming code process. A 3-bit data will be encrypted as 14-bit and using decryption process again we will receives 3-bit original data. The implemented design was tested on Spartan3A FPGA kit.
Keyword— Encryption, Decryption, Hamming Code, Arithmetic, Verilog HDL, FPGA.

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Kurapati Sundar Teja, Shanmukha Mallikarjuna Bandaru, Kurapati Pavan Teja, Fazal Noorbasha, "Data Encryption and Decryption Algorithm Using Hamming Code and Arithmetic Operations" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Design of Memory Cell for Low Power Applications
  N.geetha Rani, DR.P.Chandrasekhar Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Aggressive CMOS scaling results in lower threshold voltage and thin oxide thickness for transistors manufactured in nano regime. As a result, reducing the sub-threshold and tunneling gate leakage currents has become crucial in the design of ICs. This paper presents a new method to reduce the total leakage power dissipation of static random access memories (SRAMs) while maintaining their performance.
Keyword— Leakage currents, SRAM, power consumption

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N.geetha Rani, DR.P.Chandrasekhar Reddy, "Design of Memory Cell for Low Power Applications" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Settlement prediction research on the gravel pile in soft soil subgrade
  Tang Ransong, Zhou Pan, Lu Jing
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Settlement prediction methods of soft subgrade based on the soil mechanical theories and mathematical statistics emerges in endlessly, but together with its limitations; the single theoretical calculation method maybe sometimes good, sometimes bad without the capacity to consider the change of the load; however the study of the theory of the combined forecast method is far from perfect. Under this situation, in view of the engineering practice in soft soil subgrade deformation law research in order to put forward a reasonable settlement prediction method, which is a problem urgently to be solved at present. Relying on gravel pile in soft soil subgrade construction in the highway K9+420-K9+550 section, and analyzing the data measured according to the soft soil foundation in the loading and constant loading period, taking classification of embankment load into account, and based on the related parameters of soil at the same time using the numerical analysis of saturated soft soil subgrade deformation-seepage coupling calculation, comparing the measured data with the finite element results and checking the fit, based on detailed sedimentation data by using curve-fitting method for calculating ultimate settlement value and compared with the finite element method settlement value for several years under broaden embankment. The two values differ by 1.5cm, which is in a controllable range for soft soil. Then thus the results are true and reliable in order to have implications for similar projects.
Keyword— soft soil subgrade; large deformation; numerical analysis; curve fitting; sedimentation prediction

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Tang Ransong, Zhou Pan, Lu Jing, "Settlement prediction research on the gravel pile in soft soil subgrade" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheet
  Mohammed Nassraoui, Bouchaib Radi and Abdelghani Saouab
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Under the leadership of the Kyoto agreements on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the automotive sector was forced to review its methods and production technologies in order to meet the new environmental standards. In fuel consumption reduction is an immediate way to reduce the emission of polluting gases. In this paper, the study of the formability of sheet submitted to the hydroforming process is proposed. The numerical results are given to validate the proposed approach. To show the influence of uncertainties in the study process, we take some characteristics of the material as random and the probabilistic approach is done. The finding results are showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Mohammed Nassraoui, Bouchaib Radi and Abdelghani Saouab, "Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheet" Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• CORDIC Algorithm for WLAN
  Mr. Gadekar S. R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research aims to implement CORDIC Algorithm for WLAN. The design is coded using VHDL language and for the hardware implementation XILINX Spartan-3FPGA is used. VHDL implementation is based on results obtained from Xilinx ISE simulation.
Key word: CORDIC, FPGA, implementation, WLAN

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Mr. Gadekar S. R, "CORDIC Algorithm for WLAN"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Testing and Validation of Thermoelectric Coolers
  D. K. Chavhan, S. D. Mahajan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The first Air conditioners and refrigerators employed toxic or flammable gases such as Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFC's), Hydro Chloro Fluorocarbons (HCFC's), Hydro Fluoro Carbons (HFC's) and ammonia that could result in fatal accidents when they leaked into the atmosphere. In an automobile, the AC system increases fuel consumption of the vehicle, which uses around 4HP (i.e. 3 kW) of the engine's power. Most refrigerants used for AC system contribute to global warming, and may also destroy the ozone layer. CFC's, HCFC's, and HFC's are poisonous greenhouse gases when they are leaked to the atmosphere and 100 gm of HFC's destroy 0.5 tons of O₃ molecules.
In recent years, demand for small size active cooling equipment has increased which includes TEC and water cooled heat sink. While on the other hand the passive cooling system includes heat sink and fan which is not effective enough to cope with task of cooling various electronic components. The active cooling system using TEC can be used where precise control of temperature is required. The energy conversion process which is carried out by active cooling system to absorb the heat from the surface to be cooled and reject that heat to the surrounding.
Our project objective is testing and validation of TEC1-12706 and evaluating its capacity, limitations and performance to be used to produce cooling effect in R&AC system. Authors are presenting performance curve enabling the user to design the optimum number of thermoelectric module (TEM) for any required cooling system. In order to find out the capacity of single TEC we have made a prototype in which the existing refrigerants are replaced by newly emerging TEC which works on Peltier effect in AC system. TEC can be used as a generator to generate electricity by applying reverse engineering.
Keywords: Cooling system, Peltier effect, Thermoelectric cooler.

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D. K. Chavhan, S. D. Mahajan, "Testing and Validation of Thermoelectric Coolers"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimal Load Dispatch Using Ant Lion Optimization
  Menakshi Mahendru Nischal, Shivani Mehta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents Ant lion optimization (ALO) technique to solve optimal load dispatch problem. Ant lion optimization (ALO) is a novel nature inspired algorithm. The ALO algorithm mimics the hunting mechanism of ant lions in nature. Five main steps of hunting prey such as the random walk of ants, building traps, entrapment of ants in traps, catching preys, and re-building traps are implemented. Optimal load dispatch (OLD) is a method of determining the most efficient, low-cost and reliable operation of a power system by dispatching available electricity generation resources to supply load on the system. The primary objective of OLD is to minimize total cost of generation while honoring operational constraints of available generation resources. The proposed technique is implemented on 3, 6 & 20 unit test system for solving the OLD. Numerical results shows that the proposed method has good convergence property and better in quality of solution than other algorithms reported in recent literature.
Keywords: ALO; Optimal load dispatch; transmission loss

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Menakshi Mahendru Nischal, Shivani Mehta, "Optimal Load Dispatch Using Ant Lion Optimization"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The optimum seeking method of Pavement maintenance based on interval fuzzy soft sets
  Wu Congliang, Yang Xiaoye
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For pressed for time or limited funding, Policy-makers may not know the accurate value of evaluation indexes, and only know the interval-number of the evaluation index, in determining the order of pavement maintenance. Aiming at this situation, the decision model, making decisions based on the scope of the evaluation index values, of pavement maintenance is established. Model adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of evaluation index, and sorts through the decision-making method of interval fuzzy soft sets. At last, the same sort result with other methods was obtained by an example to prove the feasibility of the model.
Keywords: pavement maintenance, interval-number, soft sets, decision model

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Wu Congliang, Yang Xiaoye, "The optimum seeking method of Pavement maintenance based on interval fuzzy soft sets"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Modified Pair Wise Key Distribution Schemes and There Effect On Network Performances
  Dheeraj Patel, Purushottam kumar singh, Deepak sukheja
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Key distribution schemes has always played a pivotal role in the security of wireless sensor networks. In this research work we focus mainly on the security aspect of WSN . We have developed a modified key distribution scheme which uses the concepts of post as well as pre distribution scheme and thus he proved to be a better alternative then the rest of two schemes. Simulation study has been carried out using matlab. The effort turned out to be fruitful s our modified scheme showed less dead nodes per round of data transfer as compared to post deployment scheme.
Keywords - Security Key establishment, Mobile sensor networks, Key prioritization, Post-deployment knowledge.

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Dheeraj Patel, Purushottam kumar singh, Deepak sukheja, "A Modified Pair Wise Key Distribution Schemes and There Effect On Network Performances"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A New Algorithm for Inferring User Search Goals with Feedback Sessions
  Bhavesh Pandya, Charmi Chaniyara, Darshan Sanghavi, Krutarth Majithia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

When different users may have different search goals when they submit it to a search engine. The inference and analysis of user search goals can be very useful in improving search engine relevance and user experience. The Novel approach to infer user search goals by analyzing search engine query logs. Once the User entered the query, the Resultant URLs will be filtered and the Pseudo-Documents are generated. Once the Pseudo documents are generated the Server will apply the Clustering Mechanism to URL's. So that the URLs are listed as different categories. Feedback sessions are constructed from user click-through logs and can efficiently reflect the information needs of user. Second, we propose a novel approach to generate pseudo documents to better represents the feedback sessions for clustering. Finally we proposed new criterion "Classified Average Precision (CAP)" to evaluate the performance of inferring user search goals. Experimental results are presented using user click-through logs from a commercial search engine to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. Third, the distributions of user search goals can also be useful in applications such as re ranking web search results that contain different user search goals.
Keyword— Classified Average Precision, Data Contents, Presentation Styles, Average Precision, Integrated Interface Schema, Uniform Resource Locator, Mining Spanning Tree.

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Bhavesh Pandya, Charmi Chaniyara, Darshan Sanghavi, Krutarth Majithia, "A New Algorithm for Inferring User Search Goals with Feedback Sessions"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dynamic Analysis of Foundation Supporting Rotary Machine
  Utkarsh S. Patel, Siddharth H. Mangukiya, Ankit L. Miyani, Hardik A. Patel, Smit V. Vora, Dr. Jigar K. Sevelia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the advancement of technology in the field of industry, high speed machinery has been developed. As the speed of machinery has increased, vibrations also increased. Machines transmit vibrations to the structure supporting them. Hence, it is important to design and develop such structure which sustains the vibrations of machinery. Hence, in this study it has been aimed to execute the study on foundations supporting rotary type of machine like blower. In this paper, the most important parameters like frequency and amplitude are considered while execution of analysis of machine foundation supporting blower type machine. This paper shows, better interface between foundation designer and machine manufacturer for better performance of machine. The design aids/approaches for foundation design is also described in this paper and an attempt has been made to study the dynamic behaviour of a foundation structure for blower type machine subjected to forces due to operation of blower machine. Two different types of foundations for Rotary type Machine that is Blower have been studied in this paper
Keyword— Amplitude, Displacement, Dynamic analysis, Foundation, Frequency, Machine, Modes, Rotary machine, Time history, Vibration

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Utkarsh S. Patel, Siddharth H. Mangukiya, Ankit L. Miyani, Hardik A. Patel, Smit V. Vora, Dr. Jigar K. Sevelia, "Dynamic Analysis of Foundation Supporting Rotary Machine"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• H6 Transformer less Topology and Its Modulation Strategy for Mitigating Cm Currents in Pv Grid Connected Inverters
  Sandhya Seelam, Ravi Kumar G, Sambasiva Rao N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

MATLABbasedsingle-phase three-level topology for a transformer less photovoltaic system is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional H-bridge topology, it only needs two additional asymmetrically distributed switches, and the system common-mode voltage can be kept constant with a simple modulation scheme. Family of H6 transformer less inverter topologies with low leakage currents is proposed and highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) topology is also presented in this paper. The proposed inverter can also operate with high frequency by retaining high efficiency which enables reduced cooling system. Finally, the proposed new topology is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the accuracy of the theoretical explanation.
Keywords: Solar PV, Transformer less inverter, Common-mode voltage, Leakage current, Current Ripples, Switching control, PWM.

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Sandhya Seelam, Ravi Kumar G, Sambasiva Rao N, "H6 Transformer less Topology and Its Modulation Strategy for Mitigating Cm Currents in Pv Grid Connected Inverters"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Review Paper Based On the Relation between the Strength of Concrete Cubes and Cylinders
  Ritu Kumari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper reports the review about comparison of the compressive strength of cubes and cylinders of different grades of concrete. The cubes of standard size of 150x150x150 mm were cured and tested after 7 and 28 days each. The cylinders of standard size 150mm dia. and 300mm height are cured and tested after 7 and 28 days each.

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Ritu Kumari, "Review Paper Based On the Relation between the Strength of Concrete Cubes and Cylinders"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Design and Implementation of an Efficient 64 bit MAC
  Mohammad Shabber Hasan Khan, Abdussayeed Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The design of optimized 64 bit multiplier and accumulator (MAC) unit is implemented in this paper. MAC unit plays major role in many of the digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The MAC unit is designed with the combinations of multipliers and adders. In the proposed method MAC unit is implemented using Vedic multiplier and the adder is done with ripple carry adder .The components are reduced by implementing Vedic multiplier using the techniques of Vedic mathematics that have been modified to improve performance. a high speed processor depends significantly on the multiplier as it is one of the key hardware blocks in most digital signal processing systems as well as in general processors. The area is optimized effectively using Vedic multiplier .The total design implemented using Xilinx.
Key words: Carry save adder, Digital signal processing (DSP), multiplier and accumulator (MAC)

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Mohammad Shabber Hasan Khan, Abdussayeed Khan, "Design and Implementation of an Efficient 64 bit MAC"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Design the High Speed Kogge-Stone Adder by Using
  MUX
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this Technical era the high speed and low area of VLSI chip are very- very essential factors. Day by day number of transistors and other active and passive elements are growing on VLSI chip. In Integral part of the processor adders play an important role. In this paper we are using proposed kogge-stone adders for binary addition to reduce the size and increase the efficiency or processors speed. Proposing kogge stone adder provides less components, less path delay and better speed compare to other existing kogge stone adder and other adders. Here we are comparing the kogge stone adders of different-different word size from other adders. The design and experiment can be done by the aid of Xilinx 14.1i Spartan 3 device family.
Key words: Kogge Stone Adder, Ripple Carry Adder, Proposed Kogge Stone Adder, 14.1i Spartan 3 Device Family.

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MUX, "Design the High Speed Kogge-Stone Adder by Using"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Improving Power Efficiency in Cooperative Diversity and MIMO Systems by Using Star QAM
  Abdussayeed Khan, Mohammad Shabber Hasan Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a new simple relaying strategy based on bit-interleaved convolutionally coded starquadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) along with coherent/ noncoherent detection. Exploiting this property, a hard limiter is used to enhance power amplifier (PA) efficiency at the relay. Here we are using the higher order modulation for improving relay communication, and also employ the accurate relay technique. Moreover, we show that the proposed approach retains differential detectability, which results in a significant reduction of receiver complexity with robustness against phase ambiguity, by analyzing our proposed method in terms of asymptotic pairwise error probability (PEP), Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of PA efficiency is confirmed by comparing the statistical distributions of the corresponding instantaneous signal power. And also implement the PEP in MIMO systems for improving the powerefficiency. All the theoretical results agree with those obtained by computer simulations.
Keyword— Cooperative diversity, power amplifier (PA)efficiency, star-quadrature amplitude modulation (star-QAM), differential amplitude-and-phase shift keying (DAPSK), amplify and- forward (AF),MIMO systems.

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Abdussayeed Khan, Mohammad Shabber Hasan Khan, "Improving Power Efficiency in Cooperative Diversity and MIMO Systems by Using Star QAM"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Construction Cost Prediction by Using Building Information Modeling
  Sherif M. Hafez, Remon F. Aziz, Elin A. Eldars
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The increased interest in using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in detailed construction cost estimates calls for methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of BIM-Assisted Detailed Estimating (BADE) tools in generating detailed construction cost estimates. The focus of this research is on developing a quantified evaluation method to measure the impact of these BADE tools. Further, in order to understand the cognitive details of the estimator, this research also tested and evaluated the impact of the visualization factor and the compound impact of the visualization factor and aggregated calculation factor on the construction cost estimating process.Two cases study were tested, building and bridge. Three methods were applied on each case study,method 1the manual estimating method, method 2 used a BADE tool without a calculation function (i.e., the quantities of the individual building components can be read as properties of the component), method 3 used a BADE tool with calculation functions that allowed the user to directly calculate/aggregate the query results of the BIM database in the MS Excel spreadsheet.Results obtained from the test cases helped to reinforce the reliability of the observations and the evaluation. Four parameters were used to evaluate the performance results individually in the first step: generality, flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy. Then a multiattribute utility model, which took into account the four individual parameters, was developed and used to evaluate the overall performance of BIM assisted estimating versus the performance of the traditional estimating method on quantity takeoffs. The research concluded that the BIM-assisted estimate demonstrated better performance over traditional estimating methods. Both the visualization and aggregation functions of the BADE tool had significant impact on the performance of the detailed estimate.

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Sherif M. Hafez, Remon F. Aziz, Elin A. Eldars, "Construction Cost Prediction by Using Building Information Modeling"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Dynamic Analysis of Rotating stepped Shaft with Transverse Crack
  Mr. S.P. Bhide, Prof. S. D. Katekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study describes dynamic analysis of stepped shaft with single crack of EN8 material. The objective is to compare results of healthy stepped shaft and single cracked stepped shaft for different crack depth ratios at variable rpm .The dynamic analysis is carried out by using finite element method. Obtained results from analysis are benchmarked from literature. It is observed that there is 84.80% increase in amplitude of acceleration of cracked shaft. Also modal analysis of shaft has been carried out to know effect on natural frequencies of healthy shaft and cracked shaft. The effects of crack depth, crack length & RPM on amplitude of acceleration are obtained.
Keyword— single cracked stepped shaft, crack depth ratio, amplitude of acceleration.

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Mr. S.P. Bhide, Prof. S. D. Katekar, "Dynamic Analysis of Rotating stepped Shaft with Transverse Crack"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Experimental Investigations to Study the Impact of Machining Parameters on Mild Steel Using Plasma Arc Cutting
  S.Siva Teja, G.Karthik, S.Sampath, Md. Shajz
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Plasma arc cutting is extensively used to cut steels and aluminum. Plasma arc cutting was invented in 1950‟s and since then, it became commercial on its advent into the industry. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the influence of various parameters on plasma arc cutting process while machining mild steel. The experiments were conducted using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array with current, voltage, speed, plate thickness as the control parameters and surface roughness, kerf as the response variables. The optimal parameter setting for the machining process is determined by conducting a Grey-Taguchi method. Orthogonal array L16 (4 power 4) of Taguchi, Signal to Noise ratio, the Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) are employed to find the optimal levels and to analyze the optimum levels and to analyze the impact of current, voltage, speed, plate thickness on kerf and surface roughness.
Keyword— ANOVA, Grey Relational Grade, Grey Relational Method, Kerf, Optimal parameters, Orthogonal Array, Plasma Arc Cutting, Taguchi Method.

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S.Siva Teja, G.Karthik, S.Sampath, Md. Shajz, "Experimental Investigations to Study the Impact of Machining Parameters on Mild Steel Using Plasma Arc Cutting"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Version-3

• Sensitivity Analysis on Variation of Vane Natural Frequency of a Typical Aero Engine Impeller
  Mr. Gadekar Selwyn Anbarasan, Dr T Nageswar Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Centrifugal compressors are widely used in small and medium class turbo shaft and turbo prop aero engines. Inevitably the variation in the manufacturing process will lead to variation in natural frequency of blade vanes in an impeller which usually termed as Mistuning. The variation in natural frequency will increase the forced frequency response of the vanes than the tuned vanes. In-service deterioration of vanes dimension due to erosion, corrosion and FOD also adds to further variation in natural frequency. The amplification factor of the response will lead to reduced HCF life of the vanes than the tuned vanes. It is important for the designer to envisage the variation of natural frequency of the vanes to estimate the life of the impeller to avoid premature failure. This also helps in monitoring the health of the impeller during service. This paper deals with prediction of the effects of manufacturing/geometry variation and variation in material properties on impeller vane natural frequency of a turbo shaft engine. FEM model is created to accommodate the geometry variation of the impeller. The parameters influencing the natural frequency are varied and its corresponding variation in frequency is predicted. Several conditions are also simulated and sensitivity analysis is carried out with the above result to predict the order of influencing parameters. Influencing parameters are ranked and the most influencing parameter is found to be the Young's Modulus of the material for this case of impeller. Maximum influencing parameter Young's modulus contributes to 5.8% variation and the least contributing factor density to 0.6% variation in natural frequency. This result enables the designer to forecast the possible range of natural frequencies in the design phase, so that he can limit the analysis to predict the response due to mistuning to the estimated range of frequencies.
Key word: Impeller vane, Natural Frequency, Manufacturing Deviation, Sensitivity Analysis, High Cycle Fatigue

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Mr. Gadekar Selwyn Anbarasan, Dr T Nageswar Rao, "Sensitivity Analysis on Variation of Vane Natural Frequency of a Typical Aero Engine Impeller"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Preprocessing Techniques for Image Mining on Biopsy Images
  Ms. Nikita Ramrakhiani, Mrs. Shoba Krishnan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Biomedical imaging has been undergoing rapid technological advancements over the last several decades and has seen the development of many new applications. A single Image can give all the details about an organ from the cellular level to the whole-organ level. Biomedical imaging is becoming increasingly important as an approach to synthesize, extract and translate useful information from large multidimensional databases accumulated in research frontiers such as functional genomics, proteomics, and functional imaging. To fulfill this approach Image Mining can be used. Image Mining will bridge this gap to extract and translate semantically meaningful information from biomedical images and apply it for testing and detecting any anomaly in the target organ. The essential component in image mining is identifying similar objects in different images and finding correlations in them. Integration of Image Mining and Biomedical field can result in many real world applications
Keywords: Biomedical Imaging, Data Mining, Image Mining, Image Mining Application, Image Retrieva, Preprocessing

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Ms. Nikita Ramrakhiani, Mrs. Shoba Krishnan, "Preprocessing Techniques for Image Mining on Biopsy Images"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Research on Process and Application of Self-Compacting Concrete
  Zekong Chen, Mao Yang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one kind of concrete with high workability and durability. First of all, this paper introduces the definition and history of Self-compacting concrete (SCC). Secondly, it introduces the raw material selection, equipped technology and the mix proportion design method of Self-compacting concrete. Finally, it analyzes the problems and countermeasures of self-compacting concrete and look ahead the application prospect of it.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; raw material selection; mix proportion design; application prospect

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Zekong Chen, Mao Yang, "The Research on Process and Application of Self-Compacting Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto Activated Alumina and activated carbon
  Sailaja Kumari. B, Bhagawan. D, Himabindu. V, Jyostna Cherukuri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The ability of activated alumina and activated carbon to remove Fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated. The studies were carried out as functions of contact time, concentration and pH. The data indicate that activated alumina surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site binding model. The optimum pH for complete removal of Fluoride from aqueous solution were described. The rate of fluoride removal was rapid during several time intervals of time, and equilibrium was attained were described in detailed.
Keywords: Defluoridation, Activated alumina, Activated carbon.

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Sailaja Kumari. B, Bhagawan. D, Himabindu. V, Jyostna Cherukuri, "Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto Activated Alumina and activated carbon"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Wavelet Based Fault Detection, Classification in Transmission System with TCSC Controllers
  G.Satyanarayana, Dr.P.Linga Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents simulation results of the application of distance relays for the protection of transmission systems employing flexible alternating current transmission controllers such as Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The complete digital simulation of TCSC within a transmission system is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment using the Power System Block set (PSB). This paper presents an efficient method based on wavelet transforms both fault detection and classification which is almost independent of fault impedance, fault location and fault inception angle of transmission line fault currents with FACTS controllers.
Keywords - Distance relay, Flexible alternating current transmission controllers, TCSC, Voltage Source Converter ,power system protection.

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G.Satyanarayana, Dr.P.Linga Reddy, "Wavelet Based Fault Detection, Classification in Transmission System with TCSC Controllers"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Building Development Practice in Flood Prone Area: Case of Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria
  Peter Uchenna Okoye, Fidelis Okechukwu Ezeokoli, John Ugochukwu Ezeokonkwo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study examined the practice of building development in flood prone areas and how it has contributed to the menace of flooding in Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria. It was a survey research where questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households, in addition to physical observations on buildings within the selected households. Four towns out of sixteen towns that made up Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State were purposefully selected. From these towns, 96 households each were randomly selected and a total of 384 questionnaires were administered to the head of each household or their representative, whereas 242 copies were completed, returned and found useful, thus, giving a response rate of 62.92%. The study found that siting of buildings on waterways, flood channels/plains, inadequate/lack of drains in the compounds, lack of planning restriction/developmental control, size of the building/area occupied by the building among others contribute greatly to the incessant flood menace in the study area. The study therefore deduced that some building practices such as those identified above have the ability of exacerbating the velocity and rate of flooding in the area which turned into natural disaster, and thus, recommended strict enforcement of building and urban development laws and control in the state to reduce indiscriminate erecting of building structures on waterways, including planlessness of our emerging urban centres.
Keyword— Building Development, Development Control, Flooding, Flood Prone Area, Urban Centres

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Peter Uchenna Okoye, Fidelis Okechukwu Ezeokoli, John Ugochukwu Ezeokonkwo, "Building Development Practice in Flood Prone Area: Case of Ogbaru Council Area of Anambra State Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Properties of 'Emu' Feather Fiber Composites
  V.Chandra Sekhar, Dr S. Altaf Hussain, Dr V. Pandurangadu, Dr T. Subba rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A composite is usually made up of at least two materials out of which one is binding material called matrix and the other is a reinforcement material known as fiber. Many researchers are focusing on natural fiber composites. But, in the present work, composites were prepared with epoxy (Araldite LY-556) resin and "emu‟ bird feathers as fiber. The composites were prepared by varying the weight percentage (P) of "emu‟ fiber ranging from 1 to 5 and length (L) of feather fibers from 1 to 5 cm. The composite specimens were prepared and cured as per ASTM standards. Studies were carried out on various properties like mechanical properties, Thermal properties and Effect of atmosphere, Soil and certain Chemicals. An attempt is made to model the mechanical properties through response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. The results reveal that the developed models are suitable for prediction of mechanical properties of Epoxy "Emu‟ Feather Fiber Composites.
Keyword— Emu bird feathers, Epoxy composites, Epoxy resin, Mechanical properties, Response Surface Methodology.

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V.Chandra Sekhar, Dr S. Altaf Hussain, Dr V. Pandurangadu, Dr T. Subba rao, "Properties of 'Emu' Feather Fiber Composites"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System
  A. Lumani, G. Srikanth
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the "Standard Perturbs and Observe" technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Keywords: Active filter, ANN controller, Distributed Energy resources, Harmonic distortion, Micro grid, Maximum power point tracker, Photovoltaic, PQ Theory, Wind Energy

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A. Lumani, G. Srikanth, "A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid System"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Novel Algorithm on Wavelet Based Robust Invisible Digital Image Watermarking for Multimedia Security
  Mr. K. SRIDHAR, Dr.syed abdul sattar, Dr. M Chandra Mohan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a new algorithm on waveletbased robust and invisible digital image watermarking for multimedia security. The proposed algorithm has been designed, implemented and verified using MATLAB R2014a simulation for both embedding and extraction of the watermark and the results of which shows significant improvement in performance metrics like PSNR, SSIM, Mean Correlation, MSE than the other existing algorithms in the current literature. The cover image considered here in our algorithm is of the size (256x256) and the binary watermark image size is taken as (16x16).
Key words:Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm; Wavelet; MATLAB R2014a; Multimedia Security; Robust and Invisible; PSNR; SSIM; Mean Correlation; MSE

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Mr. K. SRIDHAR, Dr.syed abdul sattar, Dr. M Chandra Mohan, "A Novel Algorithm on Wavelet Based Robust Invisible Digital Image Watermarking for Multimedia Security"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• The Influence of Cationization on the Dyeing Performance of Cotton Fabrics with Direct Dyes
  M. F. Shahin
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The effect of cationic modification of cotton fabrics, using cationic agent (Chromatech 9414) on direct dyeing characteristics was studied in this work. Cationization of cotton fabric at different conditions (pH, cationic agent concentration, temperature and time) was investigated and the optimum conditions were determined . Nitrogen content of cotton samples pretreated with cationic agent was indicated. The results showed that increasing cationic agent concentration lead to higher nitrogen content on cotton fabric . The cationized cotton fabrics were dyed with two direct dyes (C.I.Direct Yellow 142 - C.I. Direct red 224) and the results were compared to untreated cotton fabrics. The parameters which may affect the dyeing process such as dye concn., addition of salt, time and temperature of dyeing were studied. The dyeing results illustrate that cationization improves the fabric dyeability compared to the uncationized cotton and the magnitude of increase in colour depth depends on the nitrogen content of the cationized cotton fabric .The results also refer to possibility of dyeing cationized cotton fabric with direct dyes without addition of electrolytes to give colour strength higher than that achieved on uncationized cotton using conventional dyeing method .Another important advantage of cationic treatment is in the saving of dye concn., energy ,dyeing time , rinse water and subsequently saving of waste water treatment , and finally minimizes the environmental pollution . The changes in surface morphology of fibres after cationization were identified by various methods such as wettability and scanning with the electron microscope. Different fastness properties were evaluated.
Key words: Cationization, Dyeability, Direct dye, Nitrogen content, Wettability, Surface morphology.

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M. F. Shahin, "The Influence of Cationization on the Dyeing Performance of Cotton Fabrics with Direct Dyes"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Screening Of the Association of Aspergillusfungi – Macerase and Cellulase Enzymes Producers
  R.K.Bliyeva, Zh.B.Suleimenova, Zh.K.Saduyeva
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In nature, the destruction of plant wastes takes place by not a single microorganism, butby complex of microorganisms which belong to different species and genera with complex of enzymes. Using of highly active monocultures to createfungal association which produce multifunctional enzymeswith desired properties is a promising approach to create relevant and effective crop production microorganisms with beneficial properties. Among15 industrial micro my cetes the most active association was from Aspergillusniger 355 and Aspergillusawamori 1-8 which had highmacerase and cellulase enzymes activity.
Key words: micromycetes, association, pulp, maceration, degradation

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R.K.Bliyeva, Zh.B.Suleimenova, Zh.K.Saduyeva, "Screening Of the Association of Aspergillusfungi – Macerase and Cellulase Enzymes Producers"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Improvement of Small Signal Stability of SMIB System Using PSO and CSO based Power System Stabilizer
  Y. Raghuvamsi, M. Raghavendra Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In a power system, Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) are dangerous and make system unstable. These oscillations are referred to small signal stability and they are mainly due to lack of damping torque. This insufficient damping torque is because of high gain and low time constant of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). AVR is useful for maintaining the terminal voltage of synchronous machine as constant. While doing so, it will make the system damping torque as negative. For providing required damping torque thereby minimizing the LFOs, Power System Stabilizer is used in conjunction with AVR. In this paper for SMIB system, the stability is studied with the help of eigen values before and after placement of PSS with optimized PSS parameters using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). The simulation work is performed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK and corresponding results are presented and analyzed.
Key words: Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), Heffron-Phillips model, Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs), Power System Stabilizer (PSS), Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system.

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Y. Raghuvamsi, M. Raghavendra Rao, "Improvement of Small Signal Stability of SMIB System Using PSO and CSO based Power System Stabilizer"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Measurement of NPK, Temperature, Moisture, Humidity using WSN
  Mr. Gaikwad S.V, Prof.Galande S. G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In India, where the economy is mainly base on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic and are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarifies of land reservoir water and overused of fertilizers so we need to control these parameters. This system made wireless sensor network for monitoringagricultural environments for various factors such as NPK, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance.By using pH sensors we get the information about the soil and analyze the acid level of the soil. By which we can apply fertilizer to the place where it needs, also we can avoid over fertilization of the crops. We used humidity sensor to sense the weather. By this the farmer can get idea about the climate. If there is any chance for rainfall; the farmer need not irrigate the crop field. This Seminar reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as Nitrates, Zink, Potassium, Phosphorus, Humidity and Temperature along with other factors can be of significance. The ability to document and detail changes in parameters of interest has become increasingly valuable. Investigations were performed for a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor nodes are based on WSN802G modules. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and allows it to be analyzed and displayed as needed.
Key words: X-bee Module;LPC2131/2132/2138 ARM7temperature measurement; humidity measurement, NPK measurement; soil moisture; water level; light detection;

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Mr. Gaikwad S.V, Prof.Galande S. G, "Measurement of NPK, Temperature, Moisture, Humidity using WSN"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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Version-4

• Network Performance Enhancement for 1G-EPON by DBA Algorithms
  Satya Prakash Rout
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes two novel dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms "TD- WIN AND WIN ALGORITHM‟ and DBA_GATE ALGORITHM for improving the network performance. The algorithms are implemented by emulating an access network with the use of two 1G Network Interface Cards for 1G EPON. The algorithm is tested for Triple Play services that include simulated voice, video and data packets. The algorithms are compared to maintain a better tradeoff between throughput and delay in the EPON network.
Key word: OLT, ONU, Triple Play, Average Delay, Throughput, REGISTER, QOS, MTU

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Satya Prakash Rout, "Network Performance Enhancement for 1G-EPON by DBA Algorithms"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence Of Gamma Irradiation On The Dielectric Properties Of PVA- PS Polymer Blends
  K. Prabha and H.S.Jayanna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pure Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polystyrene (PS) and PVA0.5PS0.5 films were prepared by simple cost effective solution casting techniques. The as prepared films were subjected to gamma irradiation upto 1.5 kGy at room temperature. The irradiated and unradiated films were subjected to XRD and electrical analysis. The results revealed that gamma irradiation improves the crystallinity as well as electrical conduction of the films. Moreover, the PVA0.5PS0.5 polymer blend film showed enhanced behavior than pure PVA and PS in both the structural and electrical properties.

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K. Prabha and H.S.Jayanna, "Influence Of Gamma Irradiation On The Dielectric Properties Of PVA- PS Polymer Blends"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Reinforced Double Layer Soil System with Fly ash Stabilized Clayey Soil
  Love Sharma, J. Sudheer Kumar, Dr. Sanjeev Naval
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research was performed to investigate the effect of bearing capacity of strip footing on geogrid reinforced sand overlay on stabilized expansive soil (i.e. double layer soil system) and check the different parameters contributing to their performance using laboratory model tank tests. The parameters investigated in this study include H/B (thickness of top sandy layer to width of footing) u/B (location of the 1st layer of reinforcement to width of footing), h/B (vertical spacing between consecutive geogrid layers to width of footing), b/B (length of the geogrid layer to width of footing). The effect of different H/B ratios and geogrid reinforcement N values on the bearing capacity ration (BCR) and settlement reduction ratio (SRR) were also investigated. The results show that bearing capacity increases significantly with increasing the H/B ratio as well as number of geogrid layers. The bearing capacity for the soil increases with an average of 12.35% using H/B equal to0.5 and the bearing capacity increases with an average of 35.76%, 75.56% & 230.83% while using H/B equal to 1.0, 1.5 & 2.0. It also found that the use of sandy layers over flyash mixed clayey soil has a considerable effect on the bearing capacity characteristics and the use of geogrid layers in the granular overlay has remarkable effect on Bearing capacity ratio (BCR) & Settlement reduction ratio (SRR).
Keywords: Fly Ash, Geogrid, Model Tank, Bearing Capacity Ratio & Settlement Reduction Ratio.

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Love Sharma, J. Sudheer Kumar, Dr. Sanjeev Naval, "Effect of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Reinforced Double Layer Soil System with Fly ash Stabilized Clayey Soil"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Durability Studies of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
  Salmabanu Luhar, Urvashi Khandelwal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A detailed study on the durability of geopolymer concrete has been done. Geopolymer concrete is an environment friendly concrete which has lower carbon footprint as compared to that of conventional concrete. In this study, cement has been replaced by fly ash and the properties such as compressive strength, sulphur resistance, acid resistance, water absorption, sorptivity and chloride attack have been studied. Class F fly ash has been used and geopolymer concrete was heat cured for 24 hours under 75◦C. It was observed that use of geopolymer in concrete not only reduces its greenhouse footprint but, also increases its strength and resistivity to harmful acids.
Keywords: Geopolymer concrete, fly ash, compressive strength, control concrete, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, sorptivity.

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Salmabanu Luhar, Urvashi Khandelwal, "Durability Studies of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Analysis of the Effect of a Modified Valve with Helical Guideways on Combustion Performance of an I.C Engine
  Pavan Chandra P V, Siva Chaitanya A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The in-cylinder flow of an Internal Combustion Engine(ICE) has drawn much attention of the automotive researchers and scientists in the present time. A good swirl promotes fast combustion and improves the efficiency. Based upon this concept, this paper describes the results of a study conducted to investigate the effects of a "modified valve with helical guide ways" on the performance of combustion. Small internal combustion engine is designed to be part of a very efficient vehicle to enter a consumption marathon. The engine should run at low speeds, in order to have low mechanical losses but combustion should be fast, enabling good combustion efficiency. Therefore, high turbulence is required prior to combustion within the cylinder, hence the concept of swirl is introduced and its effect on the combustion within the cylinder has been ascertained in the present work. Assessment of the effect of swirl on combustion performance within the cylinder requires excessive experimentation by modifying the design of various components of combustion chamber. Therefore, in the present work using the concept of CFD the simulation of combustion phenomenon has been carried out and the output parameters in the form of swirl ratio has been assessed. The modelling of combustion chamber has been carried out using CATIA software and the same is imported to analysis software ANSYS- CFX module. Here, the performance of the model is assessed by the swirl ratio. The swirl ratio of the modified valve (Valve with helical guide ways) is obtained as 1.45 which is much higher than a normal valve with swirl ratio 0.65 as assessed from the present work
Keywords: Swirl ratio, Turbulence, Combustion Performance, Helical Valves, Efficiency.

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Pavan Chandra P V, Siva Chaitanya A, "Design and Analysis of the Effect of a Modified Valve with Helical Guideways on Combustion Performance of an I.C Engine"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Extraction of Silica and other related products from Rice Husk
  Abhishek Mehta, Dr. R. P Ugwekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main objective of the present work is the synthesis of silica from rice husk and to study its characterization studies. The alkaline method succeeded by acid precipitation is done for the extraction of silica. The optimization of the concentration of sodium hydroxide and the amount of rice husk ash that goes with it for attaining the maximum yield of silica is done. X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry studies are executed for acquiring its characteristic. Activated carbon and silica gel are the intermediate products formed during the synthesis process of silica.
Keywords: Precipitation method, Rice husk ash, Rich husk, Silica, X-RD.

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Abhishek Mehta, Dr. R. P Ugwekar, "Extraction of Silica and other related products from Rice Husk"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Tuned Liquid Damper to Control Earthquake Response in a Multi-Storied Building Frame
  Roshni. V. Kartha, Ritzy. R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Damping is a phenomenon in which the energy of the system is gradually reduced and finally the vibration of the system is completely eliminated and the system is brought to rest. Several technologies are available to minimize the vibration of structures, of which, use of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) is a recent development. TLD is traditionally made of rigid tank filled with water. Once excited, the water inside the tank experiences sloshing motion as a result of building vibration and dissipates energy through the sloshing and wave-breaking of the liquid. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of TLD in reducing seismic vibration of a two-storied building frame when it is subjected to horizontal excitations. Analytical study of the undamped frame was carried out in ANSYS WORKBENCH software. Based on modes and frequencies obtained from analytical study, dimensions of steel building frame were fixed and experimental study was carried out by shake table experiments. Also various parameters that influence the effectiveness of TLD are studied.
Keywords: Dampers, Horizontal excitation, Sloshing, Tuned Liquid Damper, Vibration Control

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Roshni. V. Kartha, Ritzy. R, "Tuned Liquid Damper to Control Earthquake Response in a Multi-Storied Building Frame"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Reviewing the factors of the Renewable Energy systems for Improving the Energy Efficiency
  Jalal A Al-Tabtabaei
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electricity demand around the globe has increased alarmingly and is increasing at high rates. Therefore, electricity supply by the conventional resources is not sufficient right now and the generation of electricity by these resources is causing pollution worldwide. As the recent world is moving towards the alternative and renewable resources of energy that include sun, wind, water, and air. This paper focuses on reviewing the renewable energy sources used to improve the energy efficiency. This paper presents how the maximum power generation capacity can be achieved using these sources. Main focus of this paper is on solar and wind power that is freely available all around the globe. This paper concludes that there are certain factors that should be considered while generating power from these sources. The factors include the calculation of radiation data, storage size and capacity calculation, and geographic dispersion of the plants.
Keywords: Factors of renewable energy systems, Factors for improving energy efficiency

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Jalal A Al-Tabtabaei, "Reviewing the factors of the Renewable Energy systems for Improving the Energy Efficiency"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Controllers for Liquid Level Control
  Augustin Simon, Elizabeth Varghese, Philomina Simon
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The liquid level control system is commonly used in many process control applications. The aim of the process is to keep the liquid level in the tank at the desired value. The conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is simple, reliable and eliminates the error rate but it cannot handle complex problems. Fuzzy logic controllers are rule based systems which simulates human behavior of the process. The fuzzy controller is combined with the PID controller and then applied to the tank level control system. This paper proposes Inverse fuzzy with fuzzy logic controller for controlling liquid level system for a plant. This paper also compares the transient response as well as error indices of PID, Fuzzy logic controller, inverse fuzzy controllers. The responses of the controllers are verified through simulation. From the simulation results, it is observed that inverse fuzzy-PID controller gives the superior performance than the other controllers. The inverse fuzzy-PID controller gives better performance than the PID and fuzzy controller in terms of overshoot and settling time. Performance analysis is carried out with Liquid Flow Control System Design with Fuzzy logic controller. Results are evaluated by comparing the response time of conventional PID, fuzzy logic and Inverse fuzzy controller. Comparative analysis of the performance of different controllers is done in MATLAB and Simulink.
Keywords: PID controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Inverse Fuzzy Logic Controller

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Augustin Simon, Elizabeth Varghese, Philomina Simon, "Design of Controllers for Liquid Level Control"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Correlated Color Temperature and Total Luminous Flux Influenced by Electrical Current Variation of Incandescent Lamps
  Manal A. Haridy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present research, both of correlated color temperature and total luminous flux are determined for eight incandescent lamps at different electrical current values. A set up based on NIS Spectroradiometer Ocean optics HR 2000 with uncertainty 4.7% and photometric bench have been used to measure the correlated color temperature for the lamps. Another set up based on 2.5 meter NIS integrating sphere and NIS photometer LMT U 1000 with uncertainty 4% and group of NIS total luminous flux standard lamps are calibrated at National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in England with uncertainty 0.8% are used to measure the total luminous flux for the incandescent lamps. The sphere photometer calibration factor (SCPF) is 0.15% with photometer quality factor ' 1 f is 6.25%. The correlated color temperature and total luminous flux curves and equations are very useful to determine the uncertainty due to changing in electrical operating current for each lamp.
Keywords: Correlated color temperatures, Total luminous Flux, Incandescent Lamps, Electrical Current, Uncertainty.

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Manal A. Haridy, "Correlated Color Temperature and Total Luminous Flux Influenced by Electrical Current Variation of Incandescent Lamps"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comparative Study of Group Key Management in MANET
  M. El-Bashary, A. Abdelhafez, W. Anis
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self organized network, with no fixed infrastructure, limited resources and limited physical security. Security in such an environment is an essential requirement. Key management is a salient element in MANET security. It is responsible for key generation, storage, distribution, updating, revocation, deleting, and archiving. Key management protocols are classified into symmetric, asymmetric, group, and hybrid. Group key management is a point of interest for researchers with the growing usage of mobile devices and the rising of multicast communication. This paper surveys different approaches in group key management schemes. A comparative study is demonstrated in terms of reliability, computational complexity, storage cost, communication overheads, pre-requirements, security levels, robustness, vulnerabilities, scalability, energy and mobility. Finally, the study concludes the pros and cons of each protocol.
Keywords: Group Key Management, MANET, security, multicast.

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M. El-Bashary, A. Abdelhafez, W. Anis, "A Comparative Study of Group Key Management in MANET"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• On Various Types of Ideals of Gamma Rings and the Corresponding Operator Rings
  Ranu Paul
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The prime objective of this paper is to prove some deep results on various types of Gamma ideals. The characteristics of various types of Gamma ideals viz. prime/maximal/minimal/nilpotent/primary/semi-prime ideals of a Gamma-ring are shown to be maintained in the corresponding right (left) operator rings of the Gamma-rings. The converse problems are also investigated with some good outcomes. Further it is shown that the projective product of two Gamma-rings cannot be simple.
Keywords: Ideals/Simple Gamma-ring/Projective Product of Gamma-rings

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Ranu Paul, "On Various Types of Ideals of Gamma Rings and the Corresponding Operator Rins"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles and their engineering band gap performance
  Joy Prabu. H, Johnson. I
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations. Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2 nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12 eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
Keywords: Band gap, Greener cum chemical technique, Honeycomb structure, X-ray diffraction, ZnS

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Joy Prabu. H, Johnson. I, "Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles and their engineering band gap performance"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder
  Mr. Ranjan Kumar, Shyam Kishor Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The waste generated from the industries cause environmental problems. Hence the reuse of this waste material can be emphasized. MarbleDust Powder (MDP) is a developing composite materialthatwillallow the concrèteindustry to optimisemateriel use, generateeconomicbenefits and build structures thatwillstrong, durable and sensitive to environnement. MDP is by-product obtained during the quarrying process from the parent marble rock; which contains high calcium oxide content of more than 50%. The potential use of MDP can be an ideal choice for substituting in a cementitious binder as the reactivity efficiency increases due to the presence of lime. In this research work, the waste MDP passing through 90 microns,has used for investigating of hardened concrete properties. Furthermore, the effect of different percentage replacement of MDP on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength (indirect tensile strength)&flexural strength has been observed. Inthis experimental study, the effect of MDP in concrete on strength ispresented. Five concrete mixtures containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% MDP as cement replacement by weightbasis has been prepared. Water/cement ratio (0.43) was kept constant, in all the concretemixes. Compressive strength, split tensile strength & flexural strength of the concrete mixtures has been obtainedat 7 and 28 days. The results of the laboratory work showed thatreplacement of cement with MDP increase, upto 10% for compressive strength,&upto 15% for split tensilestrength &flexural strength of concrete.
Keywords: Marble Dust Powder (MDP), cement, Compressive strength, Tensile strength, flexural strength

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Mr. Ranjan Kumar, Shyam Kishor Kumar, "Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Photocatalytic Studies of Anatase and Rutile phase TiO2 Nanocrystals Prepared via Solvothermal method
  S.Perumal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nanocrystals of TiO2 photocatalyst have been synthesized by solvothermal method. The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy and photocatalytic study. The analysis from X-ray diffraction revealed that the annealed product at 1000˚C shows crystal phase of rutile and all others are in anatase phase. FTIR spectra show the vibration of Ti-O bands around 650 cm-1. UV-Vis spectra indicated the band gap value of annealed samples.
Keywords: Calcination, Nanocrystals, Photocatalysis, Solvothermal, TiO2

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S.Perumal, "Photocatalytic Studies of Anatase and Rutile phase TiO2 Nanocrystals Prepared via Solvothermal method"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Traffic Engineering and Quality of Experience in MPLS Network by Fuzzy Logic characterization
  Satya Prakash Rout, Palash Ghosal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm using fuzzy logic so that maximum Quality of Experience can be achieved. Avoidance of congestion is one of the major performance objectives of traffic engineering in MPLS networks. Load balancing can prevent the congestion caused due to inefficient allocation of network resources. Another aspect of the network performance is Quality of Experience (QoE). QoE in telecommunications terminology, it is a measurement used to determine how well that network is satisfying the end user's requirements. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is an important factor in determining the QoE. MOS is a measurement of the quality delivered by the network based on human perception at the destination end. Specifically we can tell mean opinion score (MOS) provides a numerical indication of the perceived quality of received media after compression and/or transmission.
Index Terms: QoE, MPLS, WAN, Virtual Links, LSR, MOS, Absolute Delay, Jitter, LSP

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Satya Prakash Rout, Palash Ghosal, "Traffic Engineering and Quality of Experience in MPLS Network by Fuzzy Logic characterization"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dy³⁺ doped Lithium Sodium Bismuth Borate Glasses for Yellow Luminescent Photonic Applications
  M. Parandamaiah, K. Naveen Kumar, S. Babu, S. Venkatramana Reddy, Y.C. Ratnakaram
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Lithium sodium bismuth borate glasses-doped with trivalent dysprosium (Dy³⁺) ions (LSBiB) have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique and characterized by structural, thermal and spectroscopic measurements. XRD pattern of the host glass confirms its amorphous nature. Morphological and elemental analysis has also been carried out for Dy³⁺doped LSBiB glass matrix. FTIR spectral analysis confirms the glass formation of the host glass. Optical absorption spectral analysis has been carried out for 0.8 mol% Dy³⁺ doped LSBiB glass sample. Well defined optical absorption bands are assigned with corresponding electronic transitions. Photoluminescence spectra shows two prominent emission bands centered at 482 nm and 575 nm corresponds to the ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2 respectively under the excitation of 452 nm. Among all the concentrations of Dy³⁺ ions, at 0.8 mol% Dy³⁺contained glass sample exhibits prominent yellow emission at 575 nm. Lifetime decay dynamics have been systematically analyzed for all the glasses, higher lifetime is found to be 0.47 ms for 0.8 mol% Dy³⁺ ions doped glass. From the photoluminescence analysis, Dy³⁺ contained glass samples could be suggested as potential yellow luminescent glass matrix for several photonic device applications.
Keywords: Lithium borate glasses- Dy³⁺- Photoluminescence- analysis.

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M. Parandamaiah, K. Naveen Kumar, S. Babu, S. Venkatramana Reddy, Y.C. Ratnakaram, "Dy³⁺ doped Lithium Sodium Bismuth Borate Glasses for Yellow Luminescent Photonic Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Simulation of Stir Casting Process Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
  M. V. S. Pavan Kumar, M. V. Sekhar Babu, Dr. VSNV Ramana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Stir casting process is one of the methods to produce Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). But the Particle Distribution of Non-Homogenous material is the greatest problem facing now days to produce MMCs. The present simulations were conducted how the speed of the stirrer effects the Particle Distribution of Non- Homogenous material. The Simulations were performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. In this experiment Copper is used as Semi Solid Metal (SSM) and Silicon-Carbide is used as solid metal. The simulations were carried out by varying the stirrer speed 200 rpm and 400 rpm while keeping other parameters constant such as Viscosity 4.4 mPa-s and Blade Angle 60 degrees. The results show that better distribution obtained for the speed 400 rpm.
Keywords: MMCs, Simulation, Stir Casting,

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M. V. S. Pavan Kumar, M. V. Sekhar Babu, Dr. VSNV Ramana, "Simulation of Stir Casting Process Using Computational Fluid Dynamics"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-5

• Fe Analysis of Effect of Tyre Overload and Inflation Pressure on Rolling Loss in Cars
  Gyadari Ramesh, Malloji Mallesham, Dr.VVRLS.Gangadhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Rolling loss or rolling resistance is an ever important property for the tyre and automotive industries because of its practical implication. Fuel consumption and tyre rolling loss in all types of automobiles have become increasingly important because of adverse environmental effects (air pollution and global warming) and economic costs (high petroleum price). In this thesis, the effect of rolling resistance and overload on fuel consumption of automobile car tyres is discussed. The investigations are made on two tyre models of automobile cars Skoda Rapid and Ford Classic. Theoretical calculations are also done to determine the rolling resistance due to inflation pressure. The default weight is considered for 5 persons and also the tyre overload is considered by taking 6 and 7 people's weight.
Index Terms: rolling resistance, Skoda Rapid and Ford Classic, inflation pressure, Pro/Engineer, ANSYS,

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Gyadari Ramesh, Malloji Mallesham, Dr.VVRLS.Gangadhar, "Fe Analysis of Effect of Tyre Overload and Inflation Pressure on Rolling Loss in Cars"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Synthesis and Comparative Study of Novel Cross Linked Bio Polymers from Linseed Oil
  K. Priya Rajini, S. Begila David
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Novel cross linked biopolymers were synthesised from naturally available linseed oil. Epoxidation of linseed oil was carried out by per acetic acid method. Further an acrylated epoxidized resin (AELO) was synthesised from the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). The (AELO) was characterised by spectral and physicochemical properties (Specific gravity, viscosity, Saponification value, iodine value).The Novel cross linked biopolymer were prepared by using AELO with Triethylene glycol trimethacrylate(TEGMA) . The mechanical properties of cross linked biopolymer was improved by adding filler like wood flour. The environmental degradation was assessed by sem analysis. The outcome of the studies revealed that the newly prepared cross linked biopolymers are potential biodegradable material for various consumer applications like package materials, sporting goods and floor mats.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Epoxidation, Linseed oil, Tensile modulus.

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K. Priya Rajini, S. Begila David, "Synthesis and Comparative Study of Novel Cross Linked Bio Polymers from Linseed Oil"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Analysis Of Heat Transfer From Square Perforated Fins In Staggered Arrangement
  Siddiqui. M. Abdullah, Dr. A. T. Autee
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This project gives the experimental analysis of heat transfer over a flat surface equipped with Square perforated pin fins in staggered arrangement in a rectangular channel. The Fin dimensions are 100mm in height & 25mm in width. The range of Reynolds number is fixed & about 13,500– 42,000, the clearance ratio (C/H) 0, 0.33 and 1, the inter-fin spacing ratio (Sy /D) 1.208, 1.524, 1.944 and 3.417. Sy i.e. stream wise distance is varies and Sx i.e. span wise distance is constant. The friction factor, enhancement efficiency and heat transfer correlate in equations with each other. Here we are comparing Square pin fins with cylindrical pin fins. Staggered arrangement and perforation will enhance the heat transfer rate. Clearance ratio and inter-fin spacing ratio affect on Enhancement efficiency. Both lower clearance ratio and lower inter-fin spacing ratio and comparatively lower Reynolds number give higher thermal performance. Friction factor & Nusselt number are Key parameter which relates with efficiency enhancement and heat transfer rate.
Keywords: Staggered arrangement, perforated square pin fins, Performance Analysis, Heat Transfer Enhancement

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Siddiqui. M. Abdullah, Dr. A. T. Autee, "Experimental Analysis Of Heat Transfer From Square Perforated Fins In Staggered Arrangement"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Control of Suddenly Expanded Flow at Low Supersonic Mach Numbers
  Zakir Ilahi Chaudhary, V. B. Shinde, Syed Ashfaq, S. A. Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present study the experiments were conducted to control the base pressure from a convergent-divergent nozzle at low supersonic Mach numbers to assess the effectiveness of active control mechanism in the form of micro jets at different expansion level. The parameters considered in the present study are the diameter ratio, length to diameter ratio (L/D), Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), and the Mach number. The diameter ratio selected for the present study are 1.6, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.5. Experiments were conducted for nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) from 3 to 11. The L/D ratio of the enlarged duct was varied from 10 to 1, and results are presented for L/D 4, 3, 2, and 1. The Mach numbers of the present studies are 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.5. The results show that the Micro jets are very effective and are able to raise the base pressure value to a considerable level under the influence of favorable pressure gradient except at lower NPR 3. At NPRs 5 and 7 for some cases the trends differ due to the level of expansion, nature of waves present in the base region, relief available to the flow, L/D ratio of the enlarged duct and the Mach numbers. It is seen that most of the cases exhibit similar behavior for the L/Ds in the range 4 and 3, which means; that the back pressure has not adversely influenced the flow field in the base region as well as in the duct. The minimum duct length required for the flow to be attached is L/D = 2, even though in some cases flow is attached with duct wall. With this it can be stated that the micro jets can be an alternative for the for base pressure control.
Keywords: Base pressure, Length-to-diameter ratio, Mach number, Nozzle pressure ratio, Sudden expansion

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Zakir Ilahi Chaudhary, V. B. Shinde, Syed Ashfaq, S. A. Khan, "Control of Suddenly Expanded Flow at Low Supersonic Mach Numbers"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Some Results on the Group of Lower Unitriangular Matrices L(3,Zp)
  Asmaa Abd Aswhad , Niran Sabah Jasim , Ahmed Rasim Hameed
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main objective of this paper is to find the order and its exponent, the general form of all conjugacy classes, Artin characters table and Artin exponent for the group of lower unitriangular matrices L(3,ℤp), where p is prime number.
Keywords: Artin character, Artin exponent, cyclic subgroup, group of unitriangular matrices.

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Asmaa Abd Aswhad , Niran Sabah Jasim , Ahmed Rasim Hameed, "Some Results on the Group of Lower Unitriangular Matrices L(3,Zp)"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Case Study of Employing A Single Server Nonpreemptive Priority Queuing Model at ATM Machine
  Abdullah Furquan, Abdullah Imran, Dr. Amaresh Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper discusses a case study of employing a single server nonpreemptivepriorityqueuing model [1]at ATM machine which originally operates on M/M/1 model. In this study we have taken two priority classes of people in following order:-
.Priority class 1- woman
.Priority class 2- man
Sometimea long queue is formed at ATMmachine (single server)but the bank management don't have enough money to invest on installing new ATM machine.In this situation we want to apply single server nonpreemptive priority queuing model.The security guard at the ATM will divide the customers in two category and arrange the customers in the above said priority order Thuspriority class 1 people willreceive theatm service ahead of priority class 2 people.This will reduce the waiting time of priority class 1 people. Of course by doing this the waiting time of priority class 2will increase. This is ok as long as the increment in waiting time of priority class2 people is reasonable and within the tolerable limitof priority class 2people.This will be true when percentage of priority class 1 people is relatively less as compared to priority class 2 people To know the attitude and tolerable limit of priority class 2 people towards the single server non preemtive priority model a sample survey has been done on the incomingpriority class 2 population at the atm machine.Against this background, the queuing process is employed with emphasis to Poisson distribution to assess the waiting time. The data for this study was collected from primary source and is limited to ATM service point of state bank of India located at Ramesh chowk, Aurangabad, bihar, India.. The assistance of three colleague was sought in collecting the data. The Interarrival time and service time data was collected during busy working hours (i.e. 10.30am to 4:00pm) during the first 60 days. A sample survey was done to know the attitude and tolerable limit of priority class 2people towards the single server nonpreemptive priority model. The result of sample survey was enthusiastic and favoured the implementation of thesingle server nonpreemitive priority queuing model at atm machine.
Keywords: Automatic Teller Machine, M/M/1 Queuing models, Nonpreemptive Priorities Queuing Model, Poisson Distribution, Queuing Process, Sample Survey, Tolerable Limit

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Abdullah Furquan, Abdullah Imran, Dr. Amaresh Kumar, "A Case Study of Employing A Single Server Nonpreemptive Priority Queuing Model at ATM Machine"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Development of ARM9 Based Embedded Web Server
  Niturkar Priyanka, Prof. V.D.Shinde
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the design of embedded web server based on ARM9 processor and Linux platform. It analyses hardware configuration and software implementation for monitoring and controlling systems or devices. User can monitor and control temperature and smoke information. It consists of application program written in "C‟ for accessing data through the serial port and updating the web page, porting of Linux 2.6.3x Kernel with application program on ARM9 board and booting it from the RAM.
Keywords: Embedded Web Server, Linux Operating System, ARM9

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Niturkar Priyanka, Prof. V.D.Shinde, "Design and Development of ARM9 Based Embedded Web Server"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Kinematic Synthesis of Four Bar Mechanism using Function Generator
  Nishant H.Patel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This article describes the detailed steps in the kinematic synthesis of a four bar Mechanism using Function Generator.
Keywords: synthesis, function generation

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Nishant H.Patel, "Kinematic Synthesis of Four Bar Mechanism using Function Generator"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Brief Study, Research, Design, Analysis on Multi Section Variable Camber Wing
  Arimala Parama sivam Sruthi, Beri Rajesh, Manchalwar Soumya Reddy, Sai Apurva.N, Kuda Kiran Kumar, SumamaYaqub Ali, A. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Anita Nadar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Minimizing fuel consumption is one of the major concerns in the aviation industry. In the past decade, there have been many attempts to improve the fuel efficiency of aircraft. One of the methods proposed is to vary the lift-to-drag ratio of the aircraft in different flight conditions. To achieve this, the wing of the airplane must be able to change its configuration during flight, corresponding to different flight regimes.In the research presented in this thesis, the aerodynamic characteristics of a multisection, variable camber wing were investigated. The model used in this research had a 160mm chord and a 200mm wingspan, with the ribs divided into 4 sections. Each section was able to rotate approximately 5 degrees without causing significant discontinuity on the wing surface. Two pneumatic actuators located at the main spar were used to morph the wing through mechanical linkages. The multi-section variable camber wing model could provide up to 10 percent change in camber from the baseline configuration, which had a NACA0015 section.The wing was tested in the free-jet wind tunnel at three different Reynolds numbers: 322000, 48000, and 636000. Static tests were performed to obtain lift and drag data for different configurations. Two rigid wings in baseline and camber configuration were built and tested to compare the test data with variable camber wing. The wind tunnel test results indicated that the multisection variable camber wing provided a higher lift than the rigid wing in both configurations whereas high drag was also generated on the variable camber wing due to friction drag on the wing skin. The larger drag value appeared on variable camber wing in baseline configuration than in cambered configuration resulting in lower lift-to-drag ratio as compared to the baseline rigid wing whereas the variable camber wing in cambered configuration had higher lift-to-drag ratio than the cambered rigid wing.
Keywords: Multiple SectionVariable Camber wing,Parker Variable Camber wing, Aero Elastic Wing, Smart materials etc.

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ArimalaParamasivamSruthi, Beri Rajesh, ManchalwarSowmya Reddy, Sai Apurva.N, Kuda Kiran Kumar, SumamaYaqub Ali, A. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Anita Nadar, "A Brief Study, Research, Design, Analysis on Multi Section Variable Camber Wing"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modeling of Multilayer Transmission Lines for High-Speed Digital Interconnects
  Sarhan M. Musa, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, and Pamela H. Obiomon
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we consider the finite element modeling of multilayer transmission lines for high-speed digital interconnects. We mainly focused on the modeling of the transmission structures with both cases of symmetric and asymmetric geometries. We specifically designed asymmetric coupled microstrips and four-line symmetric coupled microstrips with a two-layer substrate. We computed the capacitance matrix for asymmetric coupled microstrips and the capacitance, inductance, and impedance matrices for four-line symmetric coupled microstrips on a two-layer substrate. We also provide the potential distribution spectrums of the models and their meshing analysis.
Keywords: Capacitance matrix, inductance matrix, impedance matrix, multilayer, multicondcutor transmission lines, finite element method

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Sarhan M. Musa, Matthew N. O. Sadiku, and Pamela H. Obiomon, "Modeling of Multilayer Transmission Lines for High-Speed Digital Interconnects"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Analysis of PSO and GA in Geom-Statistical Character Features Selection for Online Character Recognition
  Fenwa O.D, Ajala F.A. and Alo O.O
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Online handwriting recognition today has special interest due to increased usage of the hand held devices and it has become a difficult problem because of the high variability and ambiguity in the character shapes written by individuals. One major problem encountered by researchers in developing character recognition system is selection of efficient features (optimal features). In this paper, a feature extraction technique for online character recognition system was developed using hybrid of geometrical and statistical (Geom-statistical) features. Thus, through the integration of geometrical and statistical features, insights were gained into new character properties, since these types of features were considered to be complementary. Several optimization techniques have been used in literature for feature selection in character recognition such as; Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing but comparative analysis of GA and PSO in online character has not been carried out. In this paper, a comparative analysis of performance was made between the GA and PSO in optimizing the Geom-statistical features in online character recognition using Modified Optical Backpropagation (MOBP) as classifier. Simulation of the system was done and carried out on Matlab 7.10a. The results generated show that PSO is a well-accepted optimization algorithm in selection of optimal features as it outperforms the GA in terms of number of features selected, training time and recognition accuracy.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Geom-stastistical features.

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Fenwa O.D, Ajala F.A. and Alo O.O, "Comparative Analysis of PSO and GA in Geom-Statistical Character Features Selection for Online Character Recognition"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of PID Controllers to Load Frequency Control Systems with Various Turbine Models
  Abdul Shariq, Shanti Bayyavarapu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper studies the load frequency control problem for various systems under various controller design methods. Frequency should remain nearly constant for satisfactory operation of a power system because frequency deviations can directly impact on a power system operation, system stability, reliability and efficiency. A Load Frequency Control (LFC) scheme basically incorporates an appropriate control system for an interconnected power system, which is having the capability to bring the frequencies of system to original set point values or very nearer to set point values effectively after any load change. This can be achieved by the use of conventional and modern controllers. In this proposed paper PID controller has been applied for LFC power systems. The parameters of the PID controller are tuned by different methods names as Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) Method, and IMC method for better results. We use various tuning formulae in Z-N method and certain model approximation methods and the responses of LFC with model approximation are studied. It is seen that the results obtained are as good as the conventional controller.
Keywords: Integral Model Controller(IMC), Load Frequency Control(LFC), PID controllers, Zielger-Nichols Method

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Abdul Shariq, Shanti Bayyavarapu, "Study of PID Controllers to Load Frequency Control Systems with Various Turbine Models"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Caging and Swimmer Bars on Flexural Response of RC Deep Beams
  Revathy S, Anup Joy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Beams with shear span to depth ratio (a/d) less than or equal to 2 are considered as deep beams. They have wide applications in pile caps, water tanks, shear walls, corbels etc. Their strength is controlled by shear. Swimmer bars are small inclined bars, whose both ends are bent horizontally and welded to both top and bottom flexural reinforcement. Swimmer bars forming a plane crack interceptor system is effective in carrying shear. Also, a reinforcement caging provided at the centre of a simply supported beam is supposed to enhance its flexural capacity. In this study, an experimental investigation on the flexural response of deep beams reinforced with caging and swimmer bars is done. Various parameters like ultimate load, deflection and failure modes of different reinforcement patterns are studied.
Keywords: caging, pure bending, shear failure, shear span, swimmer bars

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Revathy S, Anup Joy, "Effect of Caging and Swimmer Bars on Flexural Response of RC Deep Beams"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance of Light-Weight Concrete with Plastic Aggregate
  Anju Ramesan, Shemy S. Babu, Aswathy Lal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study is intended to explore the suitability of recycled plastics (high density polyethylene) as coarse aggregate in concrete by conducting various tests like workability by slump test, compressive strength of cube and cylinder, splitting tensile strength test of cylinder, flexural strength of R.C.C as well as P.CC. beams to determine the properties and behaviour in concrete. Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate with various percentages (0% to 40%) of plastic aggregate on behaviour of concrete was experimentally investigated and the optimum replacement of coarse aggregate was found out. The results showed that the addition of plastic aggregate to the concrete mixture improved the properties of the resultant mix.
Keywords: High density polyethylene, Optimum replacement, Plastic aggregate, Recycled Plastic, Strength

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Anju Ramesan, Shemy S. Babu, Aswathy Lal, "Performance of Light-Weight Concrete with Plastic Aggregate"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation on Strength Parameters of Interlocking Hollow Block Strengthened with Steel Fibres
  Sarath P, Pradeep P, Shemy S. Babu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This work introduces a specially designed hollow block in such a way that the bonding was achieved by interlocking. The block provides facility for concealing electrical conduit, water and sewer pipes wherever so desired without causing much damage to the block. Proper surface finish was achieved by M10 mix. In order to get a finished surface several trial mixes were tested. The respective blocks were casted with and without steel fibres and the test results were compared. A comparative study of strength parameters is to be executed with respect to solid concrete block and concrete hollow block. Hollow block strengthened with steel fibre can be effectively used as load bearing wall.
Keywords: Conduits, Geometry, Hollow block, Interlocking, Steel fibre

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Sarath P, Pradeep P, Shemy S. Babu, "Investigation on Strength Parameters of Interlocking Hollow Block Strengthened with Steel Fibres"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate by ETP Sludge of TiO₂
  Sreehari Raj, Sreelekshmi S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The rapid increase in construction activities leads to scarcity of conventional construction materials such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Researches are being conducted for finding cheaper materials. In India, there are many industries producing large amount of effluent treatment plant waste sludge which leads in problems of disposal. The final destination of effluent treatment plant sludge affects the environment. so alternative option to dispose of effluent treatment sludges are necessary. In this study is subjected to the effective reuse of effluent treatment plant sludge of TiO2 pigment generated from Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd (KMML). The aim of the thesis is to determine the strength parameters of concrete with the partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste sludge from KMML. Reuse of ETP sludge in concrete is an effective option for the problem of ultimate disposal up to greater extent. In this study the fine aggregate is replaced by the ETP sludge of TiO₂ with different percentages such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% in M35 concrete mix. The various tests such as compression, tensile and flexural strength are conducted.
Index Terms: ETP Sludge, Effluent Treatment Plant, Partial Replacement

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Sreehari Raj, Sreelekshmi S, "Study of Concrete by Replacing Fine Aggregate by ETP Sludge of TiO2"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Factors That Influence High Scores in Higher Secondary Examination - A Nano Topological Approach
  T.A.Albinaa and Gnanambal Ilango
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Topology is one of the great unifying ideas of mathematics. In this article, nano topological approach is made use of to reduce attributes in order to analyze the factors influencing high scores in higher secondary examination.

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T.A.Albinaa and Gnanambal Ilango, "Factors That Influence High Scores in Higher Secondary Examination - A Nano Topological Approach" 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Key Generation Technique Used In Tablets and Smart Phones
  Mr. Srinivasa Rao, Mrs. Satya Sri Yatam and Dr.M.N.Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile devices like smart phones and tablets are whirling into an automobile for prolific and gainful loom to way in, come across and contribute to information or data. However, lack of the well-organized and apposite safekeeping procedures has cemented manner for the cyber-attackers to get this information and mishandling it for their own intention. Data seepage ensuing from device trouncing or thievery is foremost sanctuary risk allied with the smart phones and other mobile devices. One way to shield the data is to employ encryption/decryption performance. Though there is many encryption/decryption technique vacant but the largest part of them are predisposed to diverse attacks. Another problem is there is no apposite encryption/decryption process for end point to end point asylum (between two or additional phones).We proposed novel key generation techniques to be worn in encryption/decryption course of action. The same procedure can also be used for end point to end point sheltered communication. These techniques have been veteran against diverse attacks on real android devices and it has been bring into being that it withstands all types of attacks. The time of key descent for various smart phones has been pragmatic and it shows that it doesn't slow down the devices.

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Mr. Srinivasa Rao, Mrs. Satya Sri Yatam and Dr.M.N.Rao, "A Novel Key Generation Technique Used In Tablets and Smart Phones"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Agent Oriented Patient Scheduling System: A Concurrent Metatem Based Approach
  Hossainara Begum, Shibakali Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Problem of Patient Scheduling[6] is a major issue in a Medical Healthcare System[4]. In India, Healthcare is an 80 billion dollar Industry and is growing at an average rate of 17% annually. However, quality healthcare is still out of reach for many. Each year thousands of fatalities arise simply due to the fact that patient could not be provided with proper medical facilities at the right time. A software agent may be a member of a Multi-Agent System[2][5] (MAS) which is collectively performing a range of complex and intelligent tasks. Using Concurrent Metatem[3], a Multi-Agent Language, we have attempted to model a patient scheduling system[4][6] that can help hospitals collaborate among them through a Liaison-Agent, in order to provide patients with the best care possible. Patients should no longer have to be turned down when hospitals are packed to capacity; instead, they could simply be shifted to another hospital. Hospitals and even doctors are assigned to patients after an automated process of matching patient needs with doctor expertise and hospital infrastructureleading to reduced waiting-time while maximizing efficiency and potentially saving lives.
Index Terms: Patient Scheduling, Multi Agent System, Concurrent Metatem

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Hossainara Begum, Shibakali Gupta, "Agent Oriented Patient Scheduling System: A Concurrent Metatem Based Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Single Mode Optical Fiber in Rof System Using DWDM
  K. Nishanth Rao, B. Kalpana, S.V.S Prasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Performance analysis was carried out to find the effect of crosstalk in a WDM system. Firstly, analysis of BER was carried out without crosstalk. Then analysis of BER with crosstalk was done. Using equation for crosstalk, number of channels was plotted using matlab. System parameters were optimized for a particular crosstalk.
Objective of the thesis work
Performance Analysis is carried out to find the effect of crosstalk due to optical cross connect in a DWDM system considering a WDM based optical cross connect (OXC). An analysis is carried out to find the amount of crosstalk due to OXC. The bit error rate performance degradation due to crosstalk is evaluated for OXC parameter and number of wavelengths per fiber. The optimum parameters such as optimum number of channels and hops are determined.

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K. Nishanth Rao, B. Kalpana, S.V.S Prasad, "Single Mode Optical Fiber in Rof System Using DWDM"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Two-temperature elasto-thermo diffusive response inside a spherical shell with three-phase-lag effect
  P. Pal, D. Bhattacharya, M. Kanoria
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present work deals with the investigation of elasto-thermo diffusion interaction of a homogeneous isotropic spherical shell in the context of two-temperature generalized theory of thermo-elasticity with diffusion. The inner and outer boundaries of the spherical shell are free from stress and subjected to a time dependent thermal stoke. The chemical potential is also assumed to be a function of time on the boundary of the shell. The governing equations are solved in the Laplace transformation by using aoperator theory. The inverse of the transformed solution is carried out by applying a method of Bellman et al.. The stress, conductive temperature, displacement, mass concentration and chemical potential are computed numerically and presented graphically in a number of figures for copper material. A comparison of the results for three different models two-temperature Lord Shulman model (2TLS), two-temperature Green Naghdi model (2TGN-III) and two-temperature threephase- lag model (2T3P) arealso presented for the different types of temperature field (one-temperature and twotemperature).
Keywords: Two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity, Three-phase-lag model, Mass diffusion, Chemical potential.

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P. Pal, D. Bhattacharya, M. Kanoria, "Two-temperature elasto-thermo diffusive response inside a spherical shell with three-phase-lag effect"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in Bhopal
  Aakash Saxena, S S Kushwah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A Seismic design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of proper response parameters. Seismic design explicitly evaluates how a building is likely to perform; given the potential hazard it is likely to experience, considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an interactive process that begins with the selection of performance objectives, followed by the development of a preliminary design, an assessment as to whether or not the design meets the performance objectives, and finally redesign and reassessment, if required, until the desired performance level is achieved.

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Aakash Saxena, S S Kushwah "Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in Bhopal"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Thermal Instability of Chemically Reacting Maxwell Fluid in a Horizontal Porous Layer with Constant Heat Flux Lower Boundary
  Syeda Khudeja Akbar, Achala L. Nargund and S. Maruthamanikandan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The effect of chemical reaction on the linear stability of a viscoelastic fluid saturated horizontal densely-packed porous layer is investigated. The viscoelastic properties are given by Maxwell constitutive relations. The porous layer is cooled from the upper boundary while an adiabatic thermal boundary condition is imposed at the lower boundary. Linear stability analysis suggests that there is a competition between the processes of viscous relaxation and thermal diffusion that causes the first convective instability to be oscillatory rather than stationary. The effect of Deborah number, Darcy-Prandtl number, normalized porosity, and the Frank-Kamenetskii number on the stability of the system is investigated. Using a weighted residual method we calculate numerically the convective thresholds for both stationary and oscillatory instability. The effects of viscoelasticity and chemical reaction on the instability are emphasized. Some existing results are reproduced as the particular cases of the present study.
Keywords: Chemical reaction, Maxwell fluid, Oscillatory instability, Porous medium, Viscoelasticity

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Syeda Khudeja Akbar, Achala L. Nargund and S. Maruthamanikandan, "Thermal Instability of Chemically Reacting Maxwell Fluid in a Horizontal Porous Layer with Constant Heat Flux Lower Boundary"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review on buffer management schemes for packet queues in wired & wireless network
  Shaheen C. Pathan, R.D. Patane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile AdHoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network with a set of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other with no access point and without any fixed infrastructure. But mobile devices usually have limited resources (battery power, memory, CPU) which limit their transmission range. Hence, in order to conserve the limited resource, it is highly desirable that transmission should be as efficient as possible. MANET can be implemented in any environment because of its dynamic nature. For routing of information packets queuing is done at the buffer and transferred through intermediate nodes to the destination on priority basis which help to improve the overall network performance. This paper provides a review of various buffer management schemes for packet queues in wired & wireless networks (specialy MANET).
Index terms: MANET, Buffer Management scheme, Packet Queue, scheduling scheme.

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Shaheen C. Pathan, R.D. Patane, "Review on buffer management schemes for packet queues in wired & wireless network"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Battery Based Quasi Z-Source Inverter for PV power Generation Connected to Grid
  P. Naveen Kumar, M. Venkatesh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The demand for Renewable energy resources for power generation is increasing from the past decade. Solar power plants are plays vital role in supplying increased power demand. PV array with battery based quasi z source inverter makes more reliable under PV fluctuations. Traditional voltage source and current source which are connected to grid or motor loads having the main drawback of shoot through in the inverter bridge leg. Shoot through can over come by using quasi z source inverter. Svpwm and modified Svpwm provides more output voltage, less switching losses and gives high efficiency compared to other pwm techniques
Keywords: PV array, modified svpwm, quasi z source inverter, shoot through, svpwm

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P. Naveen Kumar, M. Venkatesh, "Battery Based Quasi Z-Source Inverter for PV power Generation Connected to Grid"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Non-Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays Using Dolph- Chebyshev and Binomial Methods
  Jean-François D. Essiben, Martin P. M. Zanga, Eric R. Hedin, and Yong S. Joe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper explores the analytical methods of synthesizing linear antenna arrays. The synthesis employed is based on non-uniform methods. In particular, the Dolph-Chebyshev and binomial methods are used, so as to improve the directivity of the array and to reduce the level of the secondary lobes by adjusting the geometrical and electric parameters of the array. The radiation patterns, the directivity, and the array factors of the uniform and the non-uniform methods are presented. It is shown that the Chebyshev arrays have better directivity than binomial arrays for the same number of elements and separation distance, while binomial arrays have very low side lobes compared with Chebyshev and uniform excitation arrays. Finally, numerical results of both methods are analyzed and compared.
Keywords: array factor, directivity, radiation pattern, synthesis.

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Jean-François D. Essiben, Martin P. M. Zanga, Eric R. Hedin, and Yong S. Joe, "Design of Non-Uniform Linear Antenna Arrays Using Dolph- Chebyshev and Binomial Methods"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Rain Water Harvesting and Impact of Microbial Pollutants on Ground Water Reserves
  Ather Hussain, M.I.Khan, S.M.Iqbal, M.A.Mallick
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Developing countries are under heavy stress due to continuous depletion of ground water reserves. The urban areas are developing and growing very fast due to population growth, increase in commercial and trade activities, national and international tourism development as trade. The local migration of rural population due to better job opportunities. Civic amenities are also the reason for population explosion in urban areas and thus there is increase in the demand of basic needs like water, shelter and power. Due to the overall consumption of water in urban and rural areas which has increased many fold in the recent past, causing depletion of water subsurface reserves due to difference in natural recharge of reservoirs and the corresponding water demand. The ground water is an integral part of the environment and there has been a lack of adequate attention to water conservation, water use and reuse, ground water recharge, and ecosystem sustainability. To meet with the challenge of under ground water shortage, lowering level of water table, efforts are being made to recharge the aquifer system by the Rain Water Harvesting (R.W.H.). This noble act needs serious thought and follow up to achieve the aim of recharging ground water free from pollutants like pesticide, bacteria and seepage causing infection and pollution of the existing pure source of potable water. A study has therefore undertaken to assess the possible bacterial intrusion through the rain water penetration at the deeper water bearing aquifers.
Keywords: Depleting under ground water reservoir, aquifer, Rain Water Harvesting System, potable water, ground water pollution, pesticide, pathogens and bacteria.

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Ather Hussain, M.I.Khan, S.M.Iqbal, M.A.Mallick, "Rain Water Harvesting and Impact of Microbial Pollutants on Ground Water Reserves"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimized Design of an Alu Block Using Power Gating Technique
  S. Anvesh and P. Ramana Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power is the limiting factor in traditional CMOS scaling and must be dealt with aggressively. With the scaling of technology and the need for high performance and more functionality, power dissipation becomes a major bottleneck for a system design. Power gating of functional units has been proved to be an effective technique to reduce power consumption. This paper describe about to design of an ALU block with sleep mode to reduce the power consumption of the circuit. Local sleep transistors are used to achieve sleep mode. During sleep mode one functional unit is working and another functional unit is in idle state. i.e., it disconnects the idle logic blocks from the power supply. Architecture and functionality of the ALU implemented on FPGA and is tested using DSCH tool. Power analysis is carried out using MICROWIND tool.
Keywords: Low Power, Power gating technique, Sleep mode, FPGA

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S. Anvesh and P. Ramana Reddy, "Optimized Design of an Alu Block Using Power Gating Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• State of The Art Report on Steel-Concrete In filled Composite Column
  Dr.D.Tensing, Kirubha Roseline.J
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Steel-concrete composite systems for buildings are composed of concrete components that interact with structural steel components within the same system. By their integral behavior, these components give the required attributes of strength, stiffness and stability to the overall system. Composite members, as individual elements of a system, have been in use for a considerable number of years. They consist of composite columns or trusses, encased or filled composite columns, and steel deck reinforced composite slabs. In this paper, a review of the research carried out on composite columns with infills is given with emphasis on experimental work.

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Dr.D.Tensing, Kirubha Roseline.J, "State of The Art Report on Steel-Concrete In filled Composite Column"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Reader Applications
  Mukhtar F. Mukhtar, Ayman G. Sobih, Abd El Aziz A. Mitkees
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Reader Applications with simple, compact structure. An air-substrate truncated patch antenna is used to achieve the circularly polarized characteristic. The impedance and AR bandwidth of proposed antenna are 840-960 MHz (VSWR less than 1.5) and (AR less than 3), respectively. Proposed antenna has a good radiation performance with gain more than 8 dB. And it is a good choice for UHF RFID applications.
Keywords: RFID, UHF, Circular polarize, Unidirectional

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Mukhtar F. Mukhtar, Ayman G. Sobih, Abd El Aziz A. Mitkees, "A Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna for Worldwide UHF Band RFID Reader Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Simple Uhf Rfid Circularly-Polarized Reader Antenna Design
  Mukhtar F. Mukhtar, Ayman G. Sobih, Abd El Aziz A. Mitkees
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, the simple antenna is proposed for ultra high- frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) application. It is designed to achieve circular polarization with unidirectional beam. The antenna is composed of the truncated radiation patch and ground plane. The simulation results show that the antenna achieves the return loss of -31.92 dB, gain of 8 dBic, axial ratio (AR) of 1.8 dB and 3 dB AR beamwidth of 60 degree over the band width of 915-928 MHz.
Keywords: RFID, UHF, Circular polarize, Unidirectional

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Mukhtar F. Mukhtar, Ayman G. Sobih, Abd El Aziz A. Mitkees, "A Simple Uhf Rfid Circularly-Polarized Reader Antenna Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improving Splitting Efficiency in Photonic Crystal Waveguide
  Monika Gupta, Mr.Ramesh Bharti, Vikas Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

"Photonic Crystals (PCs)" are dielectric structures with periodic spatial alternations of refractive index on the scale of the wavelength of light. Many optical devices, based on PCs, have been proposed. There are multiple ways by which equal amount of power of incoming signals can be divided into two, three and four output channels; for example using multiple coupled photonic crystal waveguides, directional coupling and cascaded multimode PC waveguides. Ideally, the splitter should divide the input power equally into the output channels without significant reflection or radiation losses and should be compact in size. In this thesis I have proposed the optical power splitting using Y-junction. The optical modeling of this proposed structure was investigated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. The goal was to achieve equal power at each output channel with broad spectrum around the target wavelength with low loss.
Keywords: Photonic Crystal, Photonic Crystal Waveguide, Y junction splitter.

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Monika Gupta, Mr.Ramesh Bharti, Vikas Sharma, "Improving Splitting Efficiency in Photonic Crystal Waveguide"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Of A Combined Shewhart-Cusum Control Chart With Binomial Data For Large Shifts In The Process Mean
  Elisa Henning, Andréa Cristina Konrath, Custodio da Cunha Alves, Olga Maria Formigoni Carvalho Walter, Robert Wayne Samohy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a combined Shewhart-CUSUM chart for binomial data, when compared to individual Shewhart and CUSUM control charts for large shifts in the process mean. The comparison is performed by analyzing several ARL (Average Run Length) measures. The ARL of the combined control charts is identified through Monte Carlo simulations. The results confirm the effectiveness of the combined charts to increase the sensitivity of CUSUM schemes. The Shewhart limits make it possible to indicate large changes in the process mean. And, there is a region of process shifts where the combined chart displays better performance than in individual procedures. Therefore, for the detection of only large alterations in the process mean, an individual CUSUM or a Shewhart chart is recommended.
Keywords: Combined Shewhart-CUSUM chart; Binomial data; Average Run Length.

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Elisa Henning, Andréa Cristina Konrath, Custodio da Cunha Alves, Olga Maria Formigoni Carvalho Walter, Robert Wayne Samohy, "Performance Of A Combined Shewhart-Cusum Control Chart With Binomial Data For Large Shifts In The Process Mean"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cyclic Heating Effect on Hardness of Aluminum
  Tahany W. Sadak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Presented work discusses research results concerning the effect of the heat treatment process. Thermal fatigue which expresses repeated heating and cooling processes affect the ductility or the brittleness of the material. In this research 70 specimens of aluminum (2 mm thickness, 85 mm length, 32 mm width) are subjected to thermal fatigue at different conditions. Heating temperatures; Th = 100, 300 and 500 ° C. Number of repeated cycles; N =70. Results are evaluated then compared to each other and to that of specimens without subjected to thermal fatigue.
Keywords: Aluminum alloys, thermal analysis, heat treatment, hardness, thermal fatigue

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Tahany W. Sadak, "Cyclic Heating Effect on Hardness of Aluminum"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Windows used in FIR Filters optimized for Far-side Stop band Attenuation (FSA) performance
  T.Vishakha, Sangeetha.P, Deepika.R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It has been proposed that the Exponential window provides better side-lobe roll-off ratio than Kaiser window which is very useful for some applications such as beam forming, filter design, and speech processing. In this paper the second application i.e. design of digital nonrecursive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter by using Exponential window is proposed. The far-end stopband attenuation is most significant parameter when the signal to be filtered has great concentration of spectral energy. The filter should be designed in such a way so that it can provide better far-end stopband attenuation (amplitude of last ripple in stopband). Digital FIR filter designed by Kaiser window has a better far-end stopband attenuation than filter designed by the other previously well known adjustable windows such as Dolph-Chebyshev and aramaki, which are special cases of Ultraspherical windows, but obtaining a digital filter which performs higher far-end stopband attenuation than Kaiser window will be useful. In this paper, the design of nonrecursive digital FIR filter has been proposed by using Exponential window. It provides better far-end stopband attenuation than filter designed by well known Kaiser window, which is the advantage of filter designed by Exponential window. The proposed schemes were simulated on commercially available software and the results show the close agreement with proposed theory.
Keywords: Digital FIR filter, far-end stop band attenuation, side-lobe roll-off ratio, window techniques, Kaiser

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T.Vishakha, Sangeetha.P, Deepika.R, "Windows used in FIR Filters optimized for Far-side Stop band Attenuation (FSA) performance"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Continuous rigid PC frame box girder cantilever pouring construction reasonable maintenance method
  Wulin
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent years, prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame box girder plate and web plate produced a large number of non-structural cracks disease caused the attention of large bridge workers, to solve the problem of continuous rigid-frame structure of the cantilever of the disease, this article briefly introduced the cantilever construction method and the performance requirements of modern concrete, through to the modern concrete composition change and keeping in good health on the impact of environment on its early performance analysis summary, points out the present problems of box girder early curing, finally combining with the characteristics of modern concrete performance and the characteristics of the cantilever construction method, puts forward "model attach +manual+automatic water spray mist stick " composite curing method in order to reduce the structural cracks, provides a new train of thought.
Keywords: Continuous rigid frame HPC Cantilever construction Maintenance method

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Wulin, "Continuous rigid PC frame box girder cantilever pouring construction reasonable maintenance method"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power Plants
  Viktor Iliev, Bojan Ivljanin, Zoran Markov, Predrag Popovski
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The accurate definition of the transient phenomena of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and its units, taking into account various aspects of operation is an essential requirement for design, performances and control of HPPs. Numerical analysis of transient phenomena, such as increase of the rotational speed (runaway) of the units, increase of the pressure (turbine inlet head) in the hydraulic system (water hammer) and water level oscillation in the surge tank is presented. The results of transient phenomena analyses are relied upon for very costly engineering decisions. Because of this, it is important that the researcher understands the effect unknown modeling parameters on the result of transient analysis. Usually, different researchers may choose alternate values for an unknown modeling parameter and this can have significant effects on the results. The main aim in this paper is to investigate of the sensitivity of transient phenomena analysis with variation in modeling parameters such as pipeline friction factor, wave speed, turbine guide vanes closing law, surge tank throttling coefficient and generator inertia.
Keywords: Hydropower plant, transient phenomena, water hammer, runaway, sensitivity.

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Viktor Iliev, Bojan Ivljanin, Zoran Markov, Predrag Popovski, "Sensitivity of Transient Phenomena Analysis of the Francis Turbine Power Plants"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation of IEEE 57 Bus System for Optimal Power Flow Analysis
  Pooja Sharma, Navdeep Batish
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The analysis of load flow in a network under steady state operation is challenging task especially subjected to inequality constraints in which the system operates. No doubt, that the load flow system analysis is an important aspect for power system analysis and design. The basic analysis technique for power flow is to find different parameters including magnitude and phase angle of voltage at each bus with active and reactive power flows in each transmission lines. Thus, load flow analysis is important numerical analysis for any power system. In this regard, this experiment is studied to evaluate IEEE 57 bus system for optimal flow analysis.
Keywords: IEEE 57 bus system, active and reactive power, power losses, optimal load flow, Newton Raphson method.

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Pooja Sharma, Navdeep Batish, "Evaluation of IEEE 57 Bus System for Optimal Power Flow Analysis"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of data mining with on cloud computing
  Dr.S Krishna Mohan Rao, Jagannath Ray, Mohini Prasad Mishra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the rapid increase of data storage capacity, massive data processing and massive data calculation has become an important problem in the field of data mining. Cloud computing is good at dealing with large-scale data and large-scale computing. If the data mining algorithm can be cooperated to the cloud computing platform, the large computational problems in the field of data mining will be solved. In this paper, the author introduces the basic characteristics and process of cloud computing and data mining, and summarizes the various methods of data mining in detail, including neural network method, genetic algorithm, decision tree method, statistical analysis, rough set method. Finally, the application of data mining based on cloud computing is summarized..
Keywords: ...

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Dr.S Krishna Mohan Rao, Jagannath Ray, Mohini Prasad Mishra"Application of data mining with on cloud computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna of Dual-Band Dual-Sense type
  Dr.Pravat Kumar Subudhi, Ipsita Samal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Adual-banddual-sense circularly polarized (CP)an- tenna is presented in substrate integrated waveguide technology. The proposed antenna consists of four V-shaped asymmetricalres- onators that are placed on acircularsubstratesy mmetricallywith respect to its center. The antenna is excited by a probe on thecen- tral axis.Adual-band C Pantenna is designed and fabricated. The antenna provides left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) in the lower band and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) in the upperb and.Total size of theantennais1963.5mm2ona0.787mm thick RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. Measured axial ratios are below 3dBover8.78–8.90and9.52–9.66GHz.Overthebands, the return loss is more than 10dB.Measured crosspolarizationlevelsare31.1 and24.65dB,andfront-to-backratiosare14.93and18.35dBover the LHCP and RHCP bands, respectively. Depending on applica- tion requirements, the band ratio can be tuned. Also, the sense of polarization can be interchanged. The antenna does not use any ground plane perturbation. Thus, it can be directly attached to a micro wave circuit
Keywords: Circularly polarized (CP) antenna, dual-band, dual-sense, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).

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Dr.Pravat Kumar Subudhi, Ipsita Samal "A Circularly Polarized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna of Dual-Band Dual-Sense type"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance in 21st Century
  Mr. Nihar Ranjan Swain, Ms. Bhagyashree Padhi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The business landscape in 21st century is fast changing as the firms must compete in a complex, dynamic and challenging context that is being transformed by many factors ranging from globalization, technological advancement, changes in customer tastes and preferences, to rapid environmental changes. Organizational performance is getting more and more important, especially in a market with greater competition and dynamic. Organizational performance is measured through different indicators and it guarantees the continuity of the organization to be competitive in a global marketplace. Human resources are the key for keeping the organization in the market so competitive. These human resources need to be managed effectively to achieve the required performance of the organization. It is necessary to manage strategically the human resources and to adapt its strategy in tune with organizational strategy....
Keywords: Human Resource Management, Strategy, Strategic HRM, Organizational Performance, Performance Outcomes..

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Mr. Nihar Ranjan Swain, Ms. Bhagyashree Padhi "The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance in 21st Century"Vol. 5 - Issue 8 (August - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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