• Extract the ancient letters from decorated
  L. Alnufaie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, large databases of ornaments of the hand-press period are available and need efficient retrieval tools for history specialists and general users. This article deals with document images analysis. The purpose of our work is to automatically determine the letter represented in an ornamental letter image. Our process is divided into two parts: Wavelet transformation: Segmentation of the ornamental letter followed by a recognition step. The segmentation process uses multi-resolution analysis to filter background decorations followed by binarisation and morphologic reconstruction of the expected letter.
Keywords: segmentation, multiresolution analysis, ornemental lettres, Wavelet transform

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L. Alnufaie , "Extract the ancient letters from decorated" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modeling and Analysis of Bracket Assembly in Aerospace Industry
  P. Thameem Banu, Dr. R. Satya Meher
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This project deals with the Model and static Analysis of Bracket assembly used in Aerospace Industry. This bracket assembly is used for placing components for various purposes like carrying fuel and air. The mounting bracket assembly consists of a circular plate with nine lugs for which three different tanks are mounted. The individual components i.e., circular plate, lugs etc are modeled and assembled through NX-CAD Software.The loads are transferred by the tanks to the bracket are considered as pressure loads. To reveal the stresses induced due to pressure loads, Finite Element (FE) Analysis is performed with the help of ANSYS. Then the occurrence of max stress is found and factor of safety is calculated. This project provides a methodology for analysis of an assembly consisting of components made of composite materials and metal components.
Keywords: NX-CAD, ANSYS, metal and composite materials

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P. Thameem Banu, Dr. R. Satya Meher, "Modeling and Analysis of Bracket Assembly in Aerospace Industry" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Radix-3 Algorithm for Realization of Type-II Discrete Sine Transform
  M. N. Murty and B. Padhy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, radix-3 algorithm for computation of type-II discrete sine transform (DST-II) of length N = 3^𝑚 (𝑚 = 1,2, … . ) is presented. The DST-II of length N can be realized from three DST-II sequences, each of length N/3. A block diagram of for computation of the radix-3 DST-II algorithm is given. Signal flow graph for DST-II of length 𝑁 = 3² is shown to clarify the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Discrete cosine transform, discrete sine transform, radix-3 algorithm.

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M. N. Murty and B. Padhy, "Radix-3 Algorithm for Realization of Type-II Discrete Sine Transform" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapper
  Nourhan M Bahgat, Diaa El din S Khalil, Salwa H El-Ramly
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The second generation of terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) offers several advantages for greater efficiency. Signal Space Diversity (SSD) contains rotated constellation and Q-Delay (RQD), which is one of advantage that offered to improve the performance over fading channels compared to the non-rotated modulation. In this journal, the proposed low-power de-mapper design of this work attempts to employ the introduced SSD to reduce power through replacing LLR calculations by a significantly less complex projection-based de-mapping whenever possible. It benefits from an algorithm that applies projection-based de-mapping to significantly reduce LLR computations without deteriorating performance. Two versions are introduced for hard de-mapping and soft de-mapping. The design uses several techniques simultaneously to be even more energy efficient without affecting the performance. Prototype results indicate significant reduction of LLR calculations as Eb/N0 increases with no performance degradation. The idea and energy saving techniques can be easily applied to any rotated constellation de-mapper.
Keywords: DVB-T2, Energy efficient design, FPGA prototype, Rotated constellation, SSD, Statistical LLR assignment.

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Nourhan M Bahgat, Diaa El din S Khalil, Salwa H El-Ramly, "Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapper" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Exergy and Taguchi Methodology for a Power Plant under Varying Operating Conditions
  Dr. Soupayan Mitra, Shubhankar Sarkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this study, exergy efficiencies of a thermal power plant under different operating conditions have been investigated. Taguchi method is applied using three factors, namely, ambient temperature, condenser pressure and steam temperature with three levels of each. The operating conditions are planned and are set following orthogonal array of L9 and regression analysis is carried out in order to determine the effects of process parameters on exergy efficiency for the power plant. The correlation between exergy efficiencies and operating parameters are obtained by a 2nd order polynomial regression analysis and compared with the actual results and found to be quite correct having average error is about 1% only.
Keywords: Exergy, Thermal power plant, Ambient temperature, Condenser pressure, Steam temperature, Taguchi, Orthogonal array, Regression analysis

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Dr. Soupayan Mitra, Shubhankar Sarkar, "Application of Exergy and Taguchi Methodology for a Power Plant under Varying Operating Conditions" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Power Filter
  Anima Yadaw, Dr. S.P. Dubey
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a comparative analysis of neural network controlled PV interfaced hybrid active power filter designed for harmonic compensation for nonlinear load.The neural network has been chosen for reference current generation because of its fast adaptiveness, simple calculation and high accuracy to eliminate harmonics.This paper shows a novel approach to interface PV array to hybrid active power filter to keep the capacitor voltage stable. To obtain efficient output from PV Array Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is employed in it. MPPT is able to extract maximum possible power from PV Array of change in atmospheric condition. Simulation and analysis of hybrid active power filter and PV Array is done under nonlinear load, sudden change in load and unbalanced load conditions. The detailed simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed methodology.
Keyword— MPPT, ANN, HAPF, THD,NN

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Anima Yadaw, Dr. S.P. Dubey, "Performance Analysis Of PV Interfaced Neural Network Based Hybrid Active Power Filter" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Radix-2 Algorithms for realization of Type-II Discrete Sine Transform and Type-IV Discrete Sine Transform
  M. N. Murty
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, radix-2 algorithms for computation of type-II discrete sine transform (DST-II) and type-IV discrete sine transform (DST-IV), each of length N=2^m( 2,3,.....) m N m  , are presented. The odd-indexed output components of DST-II can be realized using simple recursive relations. The recursive algorithms are appropriate for VLSI implementation. The DST-IV of length N can be computed from type-II discrete cosine transform (DCT-II) and DST-II sequences, each of length N/2.
Keyword— Discrete sine transform, discrete cosine transform, radix-2 algorithm, recursive algorithm.

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M. N. Murty, "Radix-2 Algorithms for realization of Type-II Discrete Sine Transform and Type-IV Discrete Sine Transform" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Enhanced Seamless Handoff Using Multiple Access Points in Wireless Local Area Network
  Prabhavathy . G, Elangovan. K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Mobility in wireless cellular communication systems is its backbone so as to enhance the quality of service and maintain the continuous service. Handoff is an important task in maintaining the continuity of call in cellular systems and its failure can result in ongoing call termination. In cellular mobile networks, the coverage region is divided into smaller cells in order to achieve high system capacity. Each cell has a Base-Station (BS), which provides the service to the Mobile Terminals (MTs), i.e. users equipped with phones, within its region. Before a mobile user can communicate with other user(s) in the network, a group of the frequency bands or channels should usually be assigned. The MTs is free to move across cells. When the mobile user crossing a cell boundary or by deterioration in quality of the signal in the current channel, handoff process is initiated. The scope of this project is to design 802.11 handoff schemes to solve the handoff problems in closely-spaced WLANs.The major problem in multiple WLANs are so many users trying to use same access point(AP), and interferences from nearby WLAN. The better hand off scheme based on signal strength and velocity of the nodes is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed handoff scheme significantly reduces packet losses compared with existing handoff schemes.
Keywords: Handoff, mobile radio mobility management, wireless local area network (WLAN).

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Prabhavathy . G, Elangovan. K, "Enhanced Seamless Handoff Using Multiple Access Points in Wireless Local Area Network" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Low Phase Noise CMOS Quadrature Voltage Control Oscillator Using Clock Gated Technique
  Jothi Baskar A, Kalpana R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This project presents the low phase noise cmos quadrature voltage control oscillator using clock gating technique. Here the colpitts vco is used to split the capacitance in the Qvco circuit producing quadrature output. The startup condition in the oscillator is improved by using 𝐺𝑚enhancement [12].This QVCO performs the operation anti phase injection locking fordevice reuse [8]. The new clock gating technique is used to reduce the power with thepower supply 1.5v. The QVCO uses a 0.5m𝐴with phase error of 0.4𝑜and exhibits a phase noise of -118dBc/HZ at 1MHZ offset at the centre frequency of 500MHZ. Index terms: current switching, clock gating, phase noise, Qvco

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Jothi Baskar A, Kalpana R, "A Low Phase Noise CMOS Quadrature Voltage Control Oscillator Using Clock Gated Technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Intensify Denoisy Image Using Adaptive Multiscale Product Thresholding
  Mr. Anup T. Gadre, Prof. S. B. Kasturiwala
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This Paper presents a wavelet-based multiscale products thresholding scheme for noise suppression of magnetic resonance images. This paper proposed a method based on image de-noising and edge enhancement of noisy multidimensional imaging data sets. Medical images are generally suffered from signal dependent noises i.e. speckle noise and broken edges. Most of the noises signals appear from machine and environment generally not contribute to the tissue differentiation. But, the noise generated due to above mentioned reason causes a grainy appearance on the image, hence image enhancement is required. For the intent of image denoising, Adaptive Multiscale Product Thresholding based on 2-D wavelet transform is used. In this method, contiguous wavelet sub bands are multiplied to improve edge structure while reducing noise. In multiscale products, boundaries can be successfully distinguished from noise. Adaptive threshold is designed and forced on multiscale products as an alternative of wavelet coefficients or recognize important features. For the edge enhancement. Canny Edge Detection Algorithm is used with scale multiplication technique. Simulation results shows that the planned technique better suppress the Poisson noise among several noises i.e. salt & pepper, speckle noise and random noise. The Performance of Image Intesification can be estimate by means of PSNR, MSE.
Key words: Adaptive Multiscale Product Thresholding, Denoising, Scale Multiplication

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Mr. Anup T. Gadre, Prof. S. B. Kasturiwala, "Intensify Denoisy Image Using Adaptive Multiscale Product Thresholding" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy Controller
  Surbhi Pande, Roohi Kansal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
Keywords: Load Frequency Control, Integral control, Fuzzy Logic.

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Surbhi Pande, Roohi Kansal, "Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy Controller" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Systematic Approach to Improve BOC Power Spectrum for GNSS
  Rahul Gupta, Alak Banik, Dipti R Patel, Sohan M Patel, TVS Ram
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An analysis of digital Phase-modulated signals is performed based on frequency spectrum which consists of a continuous and a number of discrete components at multiples of clock frequencies. The analysis shows that these components depend on the pulse shape function of multi-level digital signals to be phase modulated. In this paper, the effect of duty cycle, rise and fall times of these multi-level digital signals, on the frequency spectrum is studied. It is observed that the duty cycle variation of 10% results 30 dB increase in undesired component and the 10% increase in rise & fall times increase the power of undesired component by 12 dB. The theoretical observations of the effects are applied on the Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulated signals as a case study, to discuss their effects in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).
Keywords: PSK, BOC, GNSS, Pulse duration, Rise time, Fall time

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Rahul Gupta, Alak Banik, Dipti R Patel, Sohan M Patel, TVS Ram, "A Systematic Approach to Improve BOC Power Spectrum for GNSS" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Chemical Treatment and Curing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites-A Review
  Rahul Shrivastava, Anisha Christy, Amit Telang, and R. S. Rana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A brief overview on natural fiber reinforced polymer composites is presented in this work. There is a growing trend to use non conventional and environmental friendly resources for engineering applications. In this scenario Natural fiber are offering a wide range of possibilities. Detailed and thorough study of structure of natural fiber indicates about its hydrophilic nature. Various types of chemical treatment techniques are used by researchers to increase the affinity of reinforcement and matrix .Studies shows that different factors like curing time, temperature, loading condition, fiber orientation etc. affect the properties of natural fiber composites. Lot of work has been carried out with the combination of different fibers and different polymers. Comparative data is presented on properties of different composite.
Keywords: Chemical treatment techniques, Curing time, Fiber orientation, Natural fiber

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Rahul Shrivastava, Anisha Christy, Amit Telang, and R. S. Rana , "Effect of Chemical Treatment and Curing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites-A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigating the Performance of NoC Using Hierarchical Routing Approach
  Bibin Lawrence R, Karthikeyan A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) model has appeared as a revolutionary methodology for incorporatingmany number of intellectual property (IP) blocks in a die. As said by the International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), it is must to scale down the device size. In order to reduce the device long interconnection should be avoided. For that, new interconnect patterns are need. Three-dimensional ICs are proficient of achieving superior performance, resistance against noise and lower interconnect power consumption compared to traditional planar ICs. In this paper, network data routed by Hierarchical methodology. We are analyzing total number of logic gates and registers, power consumption and delay when different bits of data transmitted using Quartus II software.
Keywords: System-on-Chip (SoC), Network-on-Chip (NoC), Intellectual Property (IP), International Road for Semiconductors (ITRS), Integrated Circuit (IC), Hierarchical Routing, 3D-IC, Fault Tolerant, Monitoring Platform, Torus, Mesh.

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Bibin Lawrence R, Karthikeyan A, "Investigating the Performance of NoC Using Hierarchical Routing Approach" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Captivity to car use in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed logit model analysis
  Wafaa Saleh and Attiyah M Al-Atawi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A shortcoming with regard to current mode choice models in developing countries includes for example, the role of subjective factors in mode choice, which could vary significantly from developed countries; this is an issue which is not well understood. Captivity effects and the reluctance of personal vehicle users to use other travel modes remain to be better understood for demand forecasting applications. In specific, it is well known that only men are allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. However, the state of captivity to the private car has not been investigated. This paper investigates captivity to the private car in Saudi Arabia. Survey questionnaires were designed for data collection in Tabuk city of Saudi Arabia. Data has been collected on a number of characteristics including information relating to current travel modes and patterns, characteristics and opinions and ratings of alternative travel modes in relation to a number of different criteria. Also, personal data which included age, marital status and family positioning have also been collected. In total 1200 surveys were distributed throughout the city of Tabuk.
Keywords:Car-captivity, travel behaviour, mode choice, Saudi Arabia.

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Wafaa Saleh and Attiyah M Al-Atawi, " Captivity to car use in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed logit model analysis" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Efficient Algorithm for Edge Detection of Corroded Surface
  Karamjeet Singh Virk, Dr. Sukhjeet K. Ranade
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Inspection process in industrial applications plays a vital role as it directly hinders the outages of industry. Thereby the inspection especially in case of corroded surfaces is to be fast, precised and accurate. Visual inspection has been very liable to mistakes because of numerous facts. The automatic inspection systems remove subjective aspects and can provide fast and accurate inspection. Inspection of corroded surfaces is very important concern, thus it is required to detect corroded surfaces. A new algorithm is developed by certain changes in mask and thresholding selection to detect corroded surfaces. The paper is about how we can amend the weak edges of input images and discarding false edges to overcome the problem of traditional techniques in this field. Proposed operator also compared with two commonly used edge detection algorithms which are Canny and Sobel.
Keyword: Canny edge detector, Corroded Surfaces, Edges, Proposed modified edge detector, Sobel edge detector

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Karamjeet Singh Virk, Dr. Sukhjeet K. Ranade, "An Efficient Algorithm for Edge Detection of Corroded Surface" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and Solar Panel
  Sharath Patil G.S, Rudresh S.M, Kallendrachari.K, M Kiran Kumar, Vani H.V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar Photovoltaic panel based street lighting systems are becoming more common these days. But the limitation with these ordinary street light systems is that it lacks intelligent performance. It is very essential to automate the system so that we can conserve energy as well as to maximize the efficiency of the system. In this paper a new method is suggested so as to maximize the efficiency of the street lighting system and to conserve the energy usage the LED lights sensors. Here automation of street lights is done by LDR sensor. Intensity of led street lights can be controlled by IR sensor and pulse width modulation.
Keywords:solar power, LED, LDR, IR sensor, street light control system, automation.

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Sharath Patil G.S, Rudresh S.M, Kallendrachari.K, M Kiran Kumar, Vani H.V, "Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and Solar Panel Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparing the two techniques Tripod Beta and Mort at a critical accident analysis in power plant construction
  Mohammad Saeid Poursoleiman, Iraj Mohammadfam, Milad derakhshanjazari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

  Abstract:

  Accidents are one of the leading causes of death and disability. Despite great efforts made to prevent accidents, there is still no coherent system to identify the root causes of industrial accidents. Selection of appropriate accident analysis techniques and their comparison can be useful in this regard. This research aimed to analyze a fatal accident in a power plant construction project using the two methods of MORT and Tripod-Beta, and the comparison of the analyses. First, the report of the selected accident was studied, and the accident was analyzed by the two methods of MORT and Tripod-Beta. The next step was followed by the comparison and assessment of the methods of MORT and Tripod-Beta with the measures of time, cost, training needs, the need for technical forces, the number of causes identified, quantifiable, and the need for software to conduct analysis. The Tripod-Beta accident analysis cost less and requires less time, and less technical experts. Thorough analysis of major accidents needs to identify all the possible causes of the incident, including human error and equipment failure. Therefore, the complimentary use of both techniques of industrial accident analysis is recommended.
  Keywords: Accident analysis, power plant, technique, MORT, Tripod Beta

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  Mohammad Saeid Poursoleiman, Iraj Mohammadfam, Milad derakhshanjazari, "Comparing the two techniques Tripod Beta and Mort at a critical accident analysis in power plant construction" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Version-2

• Reliability and Fuzzy Logic Concepts as Applied to Slope Stability Analysis – A Review
  Nazarullah Khan, Dr. R Bhuvana Vijaya, Dr A Mallikarjuna Reddy, Dr M T Prathap Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Considerable uncertainty exist with regard to stability of slopes due to several factors and recognition of these uncertainties has made designees to introduce factor of safety. Several studies, during recent years on analytical methods using soil properties have improved understanding the several uncertainties. The reliability analysis of slopes can be used to represent uncertainty in mathematical models, which can be assumed to follow the characteristic of random uncertainty. The distribution uncertain variable, which is unknown, makes its estimation difficult. Hence, the concepts of fuzzy set theory appear to be quite reliable when limited information is available. This paper attempts to review the slope stability problem and deals with the intricacies of the concept of reliability and fuzzy logic as applied to stability analysis of slope. It has been suggested that the FOSM algorithm provides a general agreement among the different slope stability solutions.
Keywords: factor of safety, fuzzy logic, reliability method, slope stability,, uncertainty

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Nazarullah Khan, Dr. R Bhuvana Vijaya, Dr A Mallikarjuna Reddy, Dr M T Prathap Kumar, "Reliability and Fuzzy Logic Concepts as Applied to Slope Stability Analysis – A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The study of the basic mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam
  Wang Shipeng, Liang Nai Xing
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As a new material in the construction field，polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam pavement has a very broad application prospects. The study of the basic mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam is also a hot spot today. This paper studies the flexural strength of polyvinyl alcohol fiber content is at 0.9Kg / m3,and the affect between the splitting tensile strength and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
Keywords: Polyvinyl alcohol fiber, engineering application ,splitting strength, flexural strength.

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Wang Shipeng, Liang Nai Xing, "The study of the basic mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Measuring innovation in the "Process" approach: the case of agro-food products in Morocco.
  Fatimaezzahra Fouad, Amina Tourabi, Ghizlane Lakhnati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today, innovation is an important pillar to effectively position in global markets. Nevertheless, produce a good completely new or significantly improved, requires reducing the gap between the intended purpose and the end result it either internally or externally of the firm. This paper also proposes a measurement model based on the "process" approach. This proposal is based on a set of explanatory variables and explained linking internal and external effectiveness of innovative product.
Keywords: Food SME's, innovation process, measure indicators of innovation, Product innovation, Process approach.

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Fatimaezzahra Fouad, Amina Tourabi, Ghizlane Lakhnati, "Measuring innovation in the "Process" approach: the case of agro-food products in Morocco" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Enhancement Of Multimodal Biometrics Using Cryptosystem
  Muskaan, Tarun Gulati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Multimodal biometrics means the unification of two or more uni modal biometrics so as to make the system more reliable and secure. Such systems promise better security. This study is a blend of iris and fingerprint recognition technique and their fusion at feature level. Our work comprises of two main sections: feature extraction of both modalities and fusing them before matching and finally application of an encryption technique to enhance the security of the fused template.
Keywords: Multimodal ,unimodal ,fusion ,security.

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Muskaan, Tarun Gulati, "Performance Enhancement Of Multimodal Biometrics Using Cryptosystem" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Determination of homogenous regions in the Tensift basin (Morocco).
  Jihane Ahattab, El Khadir Lakhal, Najat Serhir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to determine homogenous region in the Tensift basin within which the hydrological behavior is similar. In order to do this we used two methods: The Principal components analysis on the monthly precipitation registered at the 23 rainfall stations. This resulted in setting apart 4 groups of stations. The second method is analysis of land use map, geological map, pedagogical map, vegetation map and slope map of the studied area. This method allowed us to delineate 4 homogenous areas. The two methods yielded complementary results and the superposition of groups and regions obtained allowed us to retain 4 homogenous regions corresponding to 3 groups of stations.
Keywords: Areas, flood, homogenous regions, PCA, Tensift basin.

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Jihane Ahattab, El Khadir Lakhal, Najat Serhir, "Determination of homogenous regions in the Tensift basin (Morocco)." Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bandwidth Improvement of UWB Microstrip Antenna Using Finite Ground Plane
  Priyanka Mishra, Paras Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Microstrip antennas play a vital role in communication system. It is required in high performance wireless applications. But due to its resonant nature microstrip antennas have some considerable drawbacks like narrowband performance. Extensive study has been carried out on microstrip patch antennas in the recent past, but it still have large scope for improvement in the near future. To overcome narrow bandwidth problem, number of methods and techniques have been suggested and investigated, keeping in mind that the basic advantages of microstrip antenna should not be altered such as low profile, light weight, low cost and simple printed circuit structure. The area of investigation includes modification in geometrical shape of the antenna, use of resonators, use of dipole, and many other parameters. This paper presents a comparison between conventional microstrip antenna and microstip antenna with finite ground plane at ultra wideband. HFSS simulation tool is used here for antenna simulation. For feeding purpose microstrip feed line is used (50Ω). Optimized result provides impedance bandwidth of 7.2GHz with VSWR<2, operating frequency range is from 6.5GHz to 13.7GHz. Proposed antenna is useful for many ultra wideband applications.
Keyword— Ultra wideband, Microstrip antenna, Narrowband, HFSS, Partial ground plane.

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Priyanka Mishra, Paras Gupta, "Bandwidth Improvement of UWB Microstrip Antenna Using Finite Ground Plane" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Electroelastic Response of a Piezoelectric Semi-infinite Body with D∞ Symmetry to Surface Friction
  Masayuki Ishihara, Yoshihiro Ootao and Yoshitaka Kameo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, with the aim of developing a nondestructive evaluation technique using piezoelectric signals in wooden materials, we theoretically study the electroelastic field in a semi-infinite body with D∞ symmetry subjected to surface friction parallel to the ∞-fold rotation axis. By applying the analytical technique previously proposed by us, we formulate expressions for electroelastic field quantities, including electric potential, electric field, electric displacement, elastic displacement, strain, and stress by using two "elastic displacement potential functions" and two "piezoelastic displacement potential functions." These potential functions and, consequently, the electroelastic field quantities are formulated using Fourier transforms in order to satisfy electroelastic boundary conditions. We carried out numerical calculations to correctly evaluate field quantities inside the body and at its surface. As a result, we were successful in quantitatively elucidating the surface electric displacement in response to the elastic stimulus of surface friction and suggested the possibility of a nondestructive evaluation technique using piezoelectric signals.
Keyword— D∞ symmetry, electroelastic problem, piezoelectric body, theoretical analysis.

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Masayuki Ishihara, Yoshihiro Ootao and Yoshitaka Kameo, "Electroelastic Response of a Piezoelectric Semi-infinite Body with D∞ Symmetry to Surface Friction" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Indexing Building Evaluation Criteria
  ENG. TAREQ YOUSEF ALOMAIRI
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper two fold. First and foremost it presents a background narrative on the origins, innovations and applications of novel structural automation technologies and the rarity of experts involved in research, development and practice of this field. The second part of this paper presents a rudimentary framework for a solution addressing this paucity – the creation of an interdisciplinary academic program at PAAET that will be the first ever in the region to address applied information communication technologies ICT in the design, planning, engineering and management of structural automation projects. In doing so, we need also to define the level of implementation. This field, as all fields in ICT, have been loosely defined and most applications carry less weight in its implementation than what should be applied. This paper gives an attempt to define an indexing scheme by which we can easily classify such implementation and generate a ranking by which we can safely define its level of ―Intelligence‖.

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ENG. TAREQ YOUSEF ALOMAIRI, "Indexing Building Evaluation Criteria" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• SMART BUILDING
  ENG. TAREQ YOUSEF ALOMAIRI, ENG. HAJRAF FALAH ALHAJRAF
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Information Communication and Technology industry is made up of enterprises concerned with the design, manufacture, installation, development, support and management of computer-based information systems (both software and hardware). The rapid expansion of electronic technologies within the global TELECOM industry has been accompanied by an explosion of automation applications that are redefining the way we perceive and experience communication, entertainment and security in our personal and professional environments. Convenience is now a function of the extent to which electronic appliances and gadgets are "online‟ and accessible through land and wireless networks. Information flow is expected on demand -constant, reliable, accurate and accessible. Such changes have understandably raised expectations with regards to the how effectively we function, in the places we live and work. No where have the effects of this new technology been felt as powerfully as in the global real estate industry.

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ENG. TAREQ YOUSEF ALOMAIRI, ENG. HAJRAF FALAH ALHAJRAF, "SMART BUILDING" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• NFC based parking payment system
  Arun Radhakrishnan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

All people want to improve their quality of life and this can be achieved only by technology. Many problems are faced by daily vehicle users in payment based parking systems, both in open air parking system where the parking is done along the streets and in closed parking system where parking is done in closed infrastructure added with entry and exit points. Delays (long queues) and accuracy in fares are the main problems faced by the users. Many solutions are proposed to solve this problem but all have their own drawbacks. In this paper a new solution is proposed based on Near Field Communication (NFC) which makes the payment system reliable and easy.
Keyword— NFC, Closed parking, Open parking, Parking Payment.

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Arun Radhakrishnan, "NFC based parking payment system" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Synchronizing Devicefor Power Electronic Converters
  MihailH. Antchev, MintchoS. Mintchev, KostadinG. Milanov, HristoM.Antchev
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we introduce a synchronizing device for power electronic converters with single-phase or threephase AC input voltage. The voltage synchronizing transformer in this device has been replaced by a current transformer and a double galvanic isolation has been realized by means of optical media. Results from computer simulation and experimental studies have been brought out.
Keyword— power electronic converters, high AC voltage, synchronizing device.

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MihailH. Antchev, MintchoS. Mintchev, KostadinG. Milanov, HristoM.Antchev, "A Synchronizing Devicefor Power Electronic Converters" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Survey on Constellation Based Attribute Selection Method for High Dimensional Data
  Ms.Sonam R. Yadav, Prof. Ravi Patki
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Attribute Selection is an important topic in Data Mining, because it is the effective way for reducing dimensionality, removing irrelevant data, removing redundant data, & increasing accuracy of the data. It is the process of identifying a subset of the most useful attributes that produces compatible results as the original entire set of attribute. Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group called a cluster are more similar in some sense or another to each other than to those in other groups (Clusters). There are various approaches & techniques for attribute subset selection namely Wrapper approach, Filter Approach, Relief Algorithm, Distributional clustering etc. But each of one having some disadvantages like unable to handle large volumes of data, computational complexity, accuracy is not guaranteed, difficult to evaluate and redundancy detection etc. To get the upper hand on some of these issues in attribute selection this paper proposes a technique that aims to design an effective clustering based attribute selection method for high dimensional data. Initially, attributes are divided into clusters by using graph-based clustering method like minimum spanning tree (MST). In the second step, the most representative attribute that is strongly related to target classes is selected from each cluster to form a subset of attributes. The purpose is to increase the level of accuracy, reduce dimensionality; shorter training time and improves generalization by reducing over fitting.
Keyword— Attribute Selection, Clustering, Data Mining, Graph-based Clustering, Minimum Spanning Tree.

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Ms.Sonam R. Yadav, Prof. Ravi Patki, "A Survey on Constellation Based Attribute Selection Method for High Dimensional Data" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Distribution and Mobility of Heavy Metal Materials in Settling Ponds Post Laterite Nickel Mining
  Muhammad Chaerul, Muhammad Saleh Pallu, Mary Selintung Johanes Patanduk
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The formation of waste matter sedimentation in settling ponds, along with accumulation of heavy metals, such as Nickel (Ni), Chrome (Cr₃₊ and Cr₆₊), manganese (Mn) and Cobalt (Co) and elements or compounds in laterite soil. These heavy metals will concentrate in different environmental geochemistry, which are laterite sediment layers pre- and post-mining. The purposes of this study are to identify changes of heavy metal distribution in settling ponds and analyze heavy metal mobility in settling ponds. The research methods were qualitative and quantitative methods. Laboratory research used AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) which was studied, analyzed, and synthesized comprehensively. Data processing technique used SPSS v.21 software and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The result showed that distribution of heavy metals Fe and Cr relatively strengthened constantly. The graphs of Fe and Cr were interpreted as similar mobility and mechanism of transportation os elements which can form chemical compounds. Meanwhile, metals Ni and Co had similar graph which was relatively flat constantly. This was interpreted as similar mobility of heavy metals in settling ponds. The mobility of heavy metals Fe and Cr were mostly concentrated to form ferrochrome compound in the sediment of settling ponds compared with Ni with its low mobility and Co with its very low mobility.
Keyword— Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), Heavy Metal, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Settling Pond.

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Muhammad Chaerul, Muhammad Saleh Pallu, Mary Selintung, Johanes Patanduk, "Distribution and Mobility of Heavy Metal Materials in Settling Ponds Post Laterite Nickel Min" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Implementationof Reconfigurable Architecture For Generic OFDM Modulator (Hybrid Modulator Architecture)
  C Lakshmi Kanth
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Modern world's wireless communication is booming and it uses multiple carriers for modulations .OFDM is multi carrier modulation and utilized in many standards of wireless communication such as DAB, DVB, wireless LAN etc. Notable fact is that the OFDM frame structure of these wireless communication are similar , this OFDM frames consists of number of OFDM symbols following with synchronizing signal with different cyclic prefix and guard interval. This paper shows how to develop generic OFDM modulator through a novel reconfigurable architecture to meet different wireless communication standards.
Keyword— Multi-carrier, synchronization, indexing.

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C Lakshmi Kanth, "Implementationof Reconfigurable Architecture For Generic OFDM Modulator (Hybrid Modulator Architecture)" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Design of Heat Exchanger Network for VCM Distillation Unit Using Pinch Technology
  VISHAL G. BOKAN, M.U.POPLE
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In process industries, heat exchanger networks represent an important part of the plant structure. The purpose of the networks is to maximize heat recovery, thereby lowering the overall plant costs. In process industries, during operation of any heat exchanger network (HEN), the major aim is to focus on the best performance of the network As in present condition of fuel crises is one of the major problem faced by many country & industrial utility is majorly depend on this. There is technique called process integration which is used for integrate heat within loop so optimize the given process and minimize the heating load and cooling load .In the present study of heat integration on VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) distillation unit, Heat exchanger network (HEN) is designed by using Aspen energy analyzer V8.0 software. This software implements a methodology for HEN synthesis with the use of pinch technology. Several heat integration networks are designed with different ΔT min and total annualized cost compared to obtain the optimal design. The network with a ΔT min of 90C is the most optimal where the largest energy savings are obtained with the appropriate use of utilities (Save 15.3764% for hot utilities and 47.52% for cold utilities compared with the current plant configuration). Percentage reduction in total operating cost is 18.333%. From calculation Payback Period for new design is 3.15 year. This save could be done through a plant revamp, with the addition of two heat exchangers. This improvement are done in the process associated with this technique are not due to the use of advance unit operation, but to the generation of heat integration scheme. The Pinch Design Method can be employed to give good designs in rapid time and with minimum data.
Keyword— VCM Process, Process Integration, Synthesis of HEN, Aspen Energy Analyzer V 8.0.

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VISHAL G. BOKAN, M.U.POPLE, "Design of Heat Exchanger Network for VCM Distillation Unit Using Pinch Technology" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an Admixture
  K.Chiranjeevi reddy, Y.Yaswanth Kumar, P.Poornima
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Granite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes. Granite fines are used as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concrete. Filling up of the pores by granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a material which is abundantly to investigate the strength behavior of concrete with use of granite fines as an additive. Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine concrete in 4 different propositions namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% and various tests such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are investigated and these values are compared with the conventional concrete without the granite fines. It was observed that substitution of 7.5% of cement by weight with Granite fines in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength for both 7 & 28 days to 33.14 & 43.40 N/mm2 compared to 23.26 & 39.41 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 7.5% substitution with granite fines increasing the tensile strength for 7 & 28 days to 2.87 &4.19 N/mm2 compared with a 2.4 & 3.4 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 7.5% granite fine replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength for 28 days to 6.34 N/mm2compared to a 3.35 N/mm2 of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 10% substitution with granite fines is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available granite is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.

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K.Chiranjeevi reddy, Y.Yaswanth Kumar, P.Poornima, "Experimental Study on Concrete with Waste Granite Powder as an Admixture" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Design And Implementation Of Tiny Encryption Algorithm
  Kiran Kumar.V.G, Sudesh Jeevan Mascarenhas, Sanath Kumar, Viven Rakesh J Pais
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Over the recent years, several smart applications like RFID‟s, sensor networks, including industrial systems, critical infrastructures, private and public spaces as well as portable and wearable applications in which highly constrained devices are interconnected, typically communicating wirelessly with one another, working in concert to accomplish some task. Advanced safety and security mechanisms can be very important in all of these areas. Light weight cryptography enables secure and efficient communication between networked smart objects. This proposed system focuses on the FPGA implementation of light weight cryptographic algorithm Tiny Encryption Algorithm TEA to adapt with many real time constraints such as memory, data loss and low cost. The proposed scheme uses Linear Feedback Shift Register to generate the random key making it more secure for sensitive information transfer in many real-time applications. In this study,operation of this cryptosystem is analyzed by implementing the cryptographic algorithm TEA with the key generation unit in FPGA Spartan 3E. We have also compared the results with the IDEA.
Keyword— Light weight cryptography, Linear feedback shift register,Tiny Encryption Algothim RFID.

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Kiran Kumar.V.G, Sudesh Jeevan Mascarenhas,Sanath Kumar, Viven Rakesh J Pais, "Design And Implementation Of Tiny Encryption Algorithm" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Energy consumption in air-conditioning; Improvement and Reduction
  ENG/ Yacoub Yousef Ahmad Alotaibi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Anew technique to reduce latent heat to improve energy consumption in air-conditioning is by using Desiccant . The aim of dehumidification process is to remove the water vapor from the processed air to liquid desiccants. Dehumidification is considered as a key feature of HVAC systems for thermal comfort. Chemical dehumidification is remove the water vapour from the air by transferring it towards a desiccant material (adsorption or absorption). Results illustrate that the application of liquid desiccant in air conditioning can improve indoor air quality, reduce energy consumption and bring environmentally friendly products, also. Lewis number increased rapidly with the increase of solution concentration Therefore liquid desiccant air conditioning systems are drawing more and more attention in recent years.
Keyword— HVAC systems; Dehumidification; Chemical desiccants; desiccants.

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ENG/ Yacoub Yousef Ahmad Alotaibi, "Energy consumption in air-conditioning; Improvement and Reduction" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Shortcut Path Tress for Zigbee based Wireless Network
  Parag Pimple,Dr.B. G. Hogade, Dr. Ravish R. Singh, Atul Sankhe.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Neighbour Table based shortcut tree routing protocol provides the near optimal routing path as well as maintains the advantages of the ZigBee tree routing such as no route discovery overhead and low memory consumption. However, in Neighbour table based Shortcut tree routing the limitation is that route discovery is only on basis of Distance between Nodes; thus, it cannot provide optimized paths. Here, the concept of link quality factor between nodes along with the distance between two nodes to calculate the shortest path between source and destination. Where the Link quality will depend upon traffic between two nodes, higher the traffic lesser the link quality and vice versa. Score will be calculated for links which is function of Distance and Link Quality between nodes i.e score= f(d,l^q), this is the idea proposed in OPTIMIZING ROUTING PATHS UING SHORTCUT TREES FOR ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS NETWORK.

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Parag Pimple,Dr.B. G. Hogade, Dr. Ravish R. Singh, Atul Sankhe, "Shortcut Path Tress for Zigbee based Wireless Network" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Image Restoration UsingNonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation and histogram Clipping
  Abdussayeed khan, M.Sc. Electronics,Khalifa UniversityAbuDhabi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the degradation of observed image the noisy, blurred, distorted image can be occurred .To restore the image informationby conventional modelsmay not be accurate enough for faithful reconstruction of the original image. I propose the sparse representations to improve the performance of based image restoration. In this method the sparse coding noise is added for image restoration, due to this image restoration the sparse coefficients of original image can be detected. The so-called nonlocally centralized sparse representation (NCSR) model is as simple as the standard sparse representation model, fordenoising the image here we use the histogram clipping method by using histogram based sparse representation to effectively reduce the noise and also implement the TMR filter for Quality image. Various types of image restoration problems, including denoising, deblurring and super-resolution, validate the generality and state-of-the-art performance of the proposed algorithm.
Keyword— Image restoration, nonlocal similarity, sparserepresentation,histogram clipping.

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Abdussayeed khan, M.Sc. Electronics,Khalifa UniversityAbuDhabi, "Image Restoration UsingNonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation and histogram Clipping" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Biodegradable Polymers Starch And PVA
  B. Chatterjee, N. Kulshrestha and P.N. Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solid Polymer electrolyte films have been prepared from Starch-Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) blend a well acknowledged biodegradable material. Solution cast technique was employed for the preparation of solid polymer electrolyte films added with Lithium Bromide (LiBr) salt. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the prepared films portrayed the evolution of an amorphous structure with increasing content of salt which is an important factor that leads to the augmentation of conductivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed noticeable ionic conductivity ~ 5x 10_-3 S/cm for 20 wt% of salt at ambient conditions. Ionic conductivity showed an increasing trend with salt content at ambient conditions. Transference number measurements confirmed the ionic nature of the prepared solid polymer electrolyte films. Dielectric studies revealed a sharp increase in the number of charge carriers which contributed to enhancement in conductivity. Low values of activation energy extracted from temperature dependent conductivity measurements could be favorable for device applications. For the composition with highest conductivity a temperature independent relaxation mechanism was confirmed by electric modulus scaling.
Keyword— Solid Polymer electrolytes, XRD, Ionic Conductivity, Dielectric Properties.

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B. Chatterjee, N. Kulshrestha and P.N. Gupta, "Preparation and Characterization of Lithium Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Biodegradable Polymers Starch And PVA" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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Version-3

• An Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the broken link problem in wireless sensor network.-A Review
  Minakshi, Monika Bansal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Aco is a well –known metahuristic in which a colony of artificial ants cooperates in explain Good solution to a combinational optimization problem. Wireless sensor consisting of nodes with limited power is deployed to gather useful information From the field. In wireless sensor network it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient Manner.ant colony optimization, a swarm intelligence based optimization technique, is widely used In network routing. A novel routing approach using an ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor Network consisting of stable nodes illustrative example details description and cooperative performance test result the proposed approach are included. The approach is also implementing to a small sized hardware component as a router chip simulation result show that proposed algorithm Provides promising solution allowing node designers to efficiency operate routing tasks.
Parameters Used: Threshold Value (Load on Node), Noise Variance, Request TimeoutBackoff Attempt, Slot Time, Turnaround Time, MaxRetries.

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Minakshi, Monika Bansal, "An Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the broken link problem in wireless sensor network.-A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Highway soft soil subgrade treatment research
  Liting Cheng, Xiaoxia Zhai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the development of highway, soft soil roadbed treatment has become more and more important。If mishandled, it often can cause problem such as roadbed instability or excessive settlement, this paper surrounding soft soil subgrade problems made a simple introduction.
Keywords: Soft soil subgrade treatment.

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Liting Cheng, Xiaoxia Zhai, "Highway soft soil subgrade treatment research" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Introduction to concrete curing effect on the early performance of modern concrete
  Xiaoxia Zhai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of the modern structure of concrete performance, the composition of modern concrete produced bigger change, this inevitably made an impact on the other properties of concrete. Especially the change of cement fineness and composition, a large number of add mineral admixtures, and the widespread use of high efficiency water reducing agent, has a great influence on the early performance of concrete, especially on the early shrinkage performance, which affect the early cracking of concrete. By collecting and analysising relevant test result, The article summarizes the characteristics of the early performance of modern concrete and their requirements of early curing environment.
Keywords: modern concrete, early cracking of concrete, early curing environment

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Xiaoxia Zhai, "Introduction to concrete curing effect on the early performance of modern concrete" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Measuring Robustness on Generalized Gaussian Distribution
  Hyeon-Cheol Lee
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Different from previous work that measured robustnesson its own distribution, measuringrobustnesswith a robustestimator onageneralized Gaussian distribution is introduced here. In detail, an unbiased Maximum Likelihood (ML)variance estimator and a robust variance estimatorof the Gaussian distribution with a given censoring value are applied to the generalized Gaussian distribution that represents Gaussian, Laplace, and Cauchy distributions;then, Mean Square Error (MSE)is calculated to measure robustness. Afterward, how robustness changesis shown because the actual distribution varies over the generalized Gaussian distribution.The results indicate that measuring the MSE of the systemcan be used to point out how robust the system is when the system distribution changes.
Keywords: generalized Gaussian distribution, MSE, robustness, ML estimator, robust estimator.

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Hyeon-Cheol Lee, "Measuring Robustness on Generalized Gaussian Distribution" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Geotechnical Properties of Sabkha Soil in the southern part of Al-Khobar city, KSA.
  Kamal M. Ali, Ibrahim Malik, Abdelazim Makki Ibrahim
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The geotechnical properties of sabkha soil covering most parts of the southern portion of Al-Khobar area –Saudia Arabia were determined. These soil have very low strength, low bearing capacity and high compressibility. The expected settlement is always above the recommended tolerable limits. The chemical analysis of both soil and water from sabkha flat shows a very high concentration of salts. These high concentrations of salts give rise to a very corrosive environment and therefore it is recommended to protect concrete and reinforcement by using sulphate resisting cement, pozzolanic materials, use of corrosion inhibitors and by applying suitable water proofing membranes . The properties determined during this study has a significant impact on both technical and economical values of each project and therefore, the outcome of the study is much important for planners and developers .

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Jihane Kamal M. Ali, Ibrahim Malik, Abdelazim Makki Ibrahim, "Geotechnical Properties of Sabkha Soil in the southern part of Al-Khobar city, KSA" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Advanced Exploration on Fixture Design
  V. R.Basha, J.J. Salunke
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Widely used in manufacturing, fixtures have a direct impact upon product manufacturing quality, productivity and cost, so much attention has already been paid to the research fixture design and many achievements in this field have been reported. In this paper, a literature survey of fixture design and automation over the past decade is proposed. First, an introduction is given on the fixture applications in industry. Then, significant works done in the design field, including their approaches, requirements and working principles are discussed. Finally, some prospective research trends are also discussed.
Keyword— Fixture design, manufacturing considerations, need of automation of fixture.

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V. R.Basha, J.J. Salunke, "An Advanced Exploration on Fixture Design" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Approach for Measurement of Non-Technical losses of 11KV feeder and its Minimization
  Dharam Singh, Dr. Sudhir Sharma, Sh. Gagandeep Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Distribution losses comprise Technical & Non-Technical losses. In this paper technical losses calculation of 11KV Kochar Urban Gohlwar, TarnTaran feeder by load power flow analysis using technical data with utility has been presented. Non technical losses of this feeder have been arrived at by subtracting technical losses from total distribution losses. As non technical losses are on higher side, new proposals for minimization of non technical losses have been suggested which include checking of technically rejected temporary tubewell connections during paddy season and seasonal factories such as rice shellers and ice factories to avoid accumulation of consumption units.
Keyword— Bus Bar, current Transformer, Distribution Transformer, Energy Meter, Power Plant, Shunt Capacitor, Transmission Line.

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Dharam Singh, Dr. Sudhir Sharma, Sh. Gagandeep Sharma, "An Approach for Measurement of Non-Technical losses of 11KV feeder and its Minimization" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Burning Behavior of Liquid Fuel Droplets
  Shah Shahood Alam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Ignition of flammable liquids by hot surfaces is well known to automotive and aviation industries. However, only a limited data regarding hot surface ignition (HSI) of pure and commercial fuels is available in literature. Further, relatively few studies have determined the ignition delay and to our knowledge the combustion lifetime. In the present work, we have generated results from an efficient, reproducible, yet simple experimental setup involving a liquid fuel droplet, a horizontal heated stainless steel plate and quiescent environment. Tests were conducted for diesel, biodiesel and its blends as well as vegetable oils, applied/used as single droplets under variety of conditions to the heated surface. The droplet size range was approximately between 1500 micron to 2000 micron.
Keywords: Hot surface ignition, liquid fuel droplets, ignition delay, combustion lifetime, droplet combustion model, numerical technique, simplified approach.

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Shah Shahood Alam, "Burning Behavior of Liquid Fuel Droplets" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Need for Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data Generation of Systems Involving Green Solvents
  V. M. Parsana, S. P. Parikh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Much has been said and written over the years regarding green chemistry concept and use of green solvents. The green solvents can potentially replace the traditional or classical solvents in order to reduce the environment footprint or their harmful impact on human being and/or environment. Vapour-liquid equilibrium data is indispensable for the design of distillation columns for separation processes which account for a large percentage of total costs in a typical chemical plant. Though extensive approach has been made for the replacement of traditional solvents, but not enough consideration been given for vapour-liquid equilibrium data, required for designing separation processes in case of replacement with green solvents. So this paper aims at encouraging vapour-liquid equilibrium data generation for design of efficient separation for binary systems involving ethereal green solvents such as cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF). A brief review and outline of procedure for generating vapour-liquid equilibrium data is presented here.
Keywords - Green solvents, CPME, 2-MeTHF, vapour-liquid equilibrium

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V. M. Parsana, S. P. Parikh, "Need for Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data Generation of Systems Involving Green Solvents" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Optimization of Metal Removal Rateon Cylindrical Grinding For Is 319 Brass Using Taguchi Method
  Gaurav Upadhyay, Ramprasad, Kamal Hassan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cylindrical grinding is one of the most important metal cutting processes used extensively in the Metal finishing operations. Metal removal rate and surface finish are the important output responses in the production with respect to quantity and quality respectively. The objective of this paper is to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions that will maximize metal removal rate when grinding IS 319 brass. Empirical models were developed using design of experiments by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array and the adequacy of the developed model is tested with ANOVA.
Keyword— Cylindrical Grinding, IS 319 Brass, Metal Removal Rate, Taguchi Analysis, ANOVA, S/N Ratio.

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Gaurav Upadhyay, Ramprasad, Kamal Hassan, "Optimization of Metal Removal Rateon Cylindrical Grinding For Is 319 Brass Using Taguchi Method" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Hardware Implementation of Two's Compliment Multiplier with Partial Product by Passing Technique
  Abida Yousuf, Najeeb-ud-din, Ruhi Naaz Mir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the emergence of portable computing and communication systems, power consumption has become one of the major objectives during VLSI design. Furthermore, the multiplication is an essential arithmetic operation for common DSP applications, such as filtering, convolution, fast Fourier Transform (FFT) etc. To achieve high execution speed, parallel array multipliers are widely used. These multipliers tend to consume most of the power in DSP computations, and thus power-efficient multipliers are very important for the design of low-power DSP systems. This paper presents an approach to reduce power consumption of 2's compliment multiplier design, in which switching activities are reduced through dynamic by passing of partial products.

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Abida Yousuf, Najeeb-ud-din, Ruhi Naaz Mir, "Hardware Implementation of Two's Compliment Multiplier with Partial Product by Passing Technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
  Arockia Ruban M, Kaveti Aruna, Puneet Kumar S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
Keyword— Transport Aircraft, Composite materials, Wing Optimization, Stress Analysis, MSc Nastran & Msc Patran.

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Arockia Ruban M, Kaveti Aruna, Puneet Kumar S, "Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach." Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Design Technique To Reduce Nbti Effects From 5t Sram Cells
  Kirti Karan, Umesh Dutta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper focuses on designing an NBTI tolerant system by addressing the major reason of NBTI especially the devices that consists of SOC. To address this issue a thorough study of 5T SRAM cells has been done. This paper is based on idea of switch capacitors and the fact that only few transistors are ON at any particular time. RD model is primary and base model that us used to describe NBTI and aging degradation in this paper The proposed technique improve read power by 8% and leakage power by 12.87%
Keyword— NBTI, 5T SRAM, AGING DEGRADATION, SWITCH CAPACITOR, SNM.

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Kirti Karan, Umesh Dutta, "A Design Technique To Reduce Nbti Effects From 5t Sram Cells" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Marathi-English CLIR using detailed user query and unsupervised corpus-based WSD
  Savita C. Mayanale, Ms. S. S. Pawar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With rapid growth of multilingual information on the Internet, Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is becoming need of the day. It helps user to query in their native language and retrieve information in any language. But the performance of CLIR is poor as compared to monolingual retrieval due to lexical ambiguity, mismatching of query terms and out-of-vocabulary words. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for improving the performance of Marathi-English CLIR system. The system first finds possible translations of input query in target language, disambiguates them and then gives English queries to search engine for relevant document retrieval. The disambiguation is based on unsupervised corpus-based method which uses English dictionary as additional resource. The experiment is performed on FIRE 2011 (Forum of Information Retrieval Evaluation) dataset using "Title" and "Description" fields as inputs. The experimental results show that proposed approach gives better performance of Marathi-English CLIR system with good precision level.
Keyword— Morphological Analyser, CLIR, Dictionary-based Approach, word sense disambiguation.

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Savita C. Mayanale, Ms. S. S. Pawar, "Marathi-English CLIR using detailed user query and unsupervised corpus-based WSD" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Study of The Technological Profile of The Red Ceramic Industry of Alagoas
  Bruna Pinto de Cerqueira Pedrosa de Oliveira, Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita, Eliana Maria de Oliveira Sá, Reynaldo Rubem Ferreira Júnior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The red ceramic industry in Brazil is a sector that is growing every year, characterized by the production of ceramic tiles as brick, tile, ceramic blocks, which basically uses, as main raw material, the clay. Due to the constant evolution of mechanization and production increase, plus the emergence of new companies, it is clear that processing techniques as well as technological modernization are key to achieving a higher performance segment of red ceramic process thus winning, this way, the market, about terms of competitiveness and productivity. This time, watching these aspects, the present study aims to analyze the technological landscape of the production process of the Red Ceramic Industry in Alagoas State, with regard to equipment used in the manufacturing steps, checking for the possibility of existing technological levels these industries in Alagoas in its production process, analyzing these, aiming thus conduct a study of the technological profile of the Red Ceramic Industry. The methodology will support the field research through questionnaires with entrepreneurs as well as qualitative bibliographic nature, with content analysis. Thus, the data surveys have indicated the existence of technological levels for this segment, mapping the characteristics of the productive process and its technological profile in the State of Alagoas and can verify in a few steps a possible disharmony. Therefore, by the the analysis of the data allowed the highlight of four steps to the red ceramic production process, these being the extraction of raw materials, the conformation of parts by molding and extrusion, and thermal processes through the final stages of drying and burning, considering the existence of technological levels by analyzing the study of technological profile, with regard to equipment used in the production process of state Red Ceramic Industries.
Keyword— Disharmony, equipment, technology, Production process, red ceramic.

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Bruna Pinto de Cerqueira Pedrosa de Oliveira, Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita, Eliana Maria de Oliveira Sá, Reynaldo Rubem Ferreira Júnior, "Study of The Technological Profile of The Red Ceramic Industry of Alagoas" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• QUrdPro: Query processing system for Urdu Language
  Rukhsana Thaker, Dr.Ajay Goel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The tremendous increase in the multilingual data on the internet has increased the demand for efficient retrieval of information. Urdu is one of the widely spoken and written languages of south Asia. Due to unstructured format of Urdu language information retrieval of information is a big challenge. Question Answering systems aims to retrieve point-to-point answers rather than flooding with documents. It is needed when the user gets an in depth knowledge in a particular domain. When user needs some information, it must give the relevant answer. The question-answer retrieval of ontology knowledge base provides a convenient way to obtain knowledge for use, but the natural language need to be mapped to the query statement of ontology. This paper describes a query processing system QUrdPro based on ontology. This system is a combination of NLP and Ontology. It makes use of ontology in several phases for efficient query processing. Our focus is on the knowledge derived from the concepts used in the ontology and the relationship between these concepts. In this paper we describe the architecture of QUrdPro ,query processing system for Urdu and process model for the system is also discussed in detail.
Keywords: ontology, query processing, closed domain

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"QUrdPro: Query processing system for Urdu Language" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Desalination technology; economy and simplicity
  Yacoub Yousef Alotaibi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water scarcity is a major problem, A seawater desalination process separates saline seawater into two streams: a fresh water stream containing a low concentration of dissolved salts and a concentrated brine stream Applied desalination technologies can be divided in to three groups, thermal desalination technologies, membrane based desalination technologies, solar desalination technologies. Results show that Solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of power and water in remote regionssuch as grid-limited villages or isolated islandsthat have access to sea or brackish-water. Reverse osmosis(RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Keyword— Seawater desalination technologies; Multi-stage flash distillation desalination; Multiple-effect distillation desalination; Vapor compression distillation desalination; Reverse osmosis desalination; Solar evaporation desalination; electrodialysis.

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Yacoub Yousef Alotaibi, "Desalination technology; economy and simplicity" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin Film
  H. N. Desai, J. M. Dhimmar, B. P. Modi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Thin film of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) was deposited onto transparent glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. ZnSe thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 310 nm-1080 nm. The Linear optical parameters (linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant) of ZnSe thin film were analyzed from absorption spectra. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc's equation. The volume and surface energy loss function of ZnSe thin film were obtained by complex dielectric constant. The Dispersion parameters (dispersion energy, oscillation energy, moment of optical dispersion spectra, static dielectric constant and static refractive index) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The oscillation strength, oscillator wavelength, high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated by single Sellmeier oscillator model. Also, Lattice dielectric constant, N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were obtained. The electronic polarizibility of ZnSe thin film was estimated by Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility. The non-linear optical parameters (non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index) were estimated.
Keyword— linear optical absorption coefficient; Dispersion parameter; Wemple-DiDomenico model; single Sellmeier oscillator model; Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility; ZnSe thin film.

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H. N. Desai, J. M. Dhimmar, B. P. Modi, "Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin Film" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Mechanical properties of rice husk flour reinforced epoxy bio-composite
  Neeraj Bisht, Prakash Chandra Gope
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A bio-composite reinforced with rice husk flour in epoxy resin has been developed. The effect of fibre treatment and weight percentage of rice husk on the mechanical properties was studied and compared with wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. It was observed that addition of rice husk as filler is detrimental to almost all the mechanical properties. About 51% and 26.8% decrease in ultimate strength and Young's Modulus for 40 wt% untreated rice husk reinforcement was observed. The corresponding decrease in flexural strength and flexural modulus was 51%. Similar trend was also observed in hardness and impact strength. However the mechanical properties of rice husk reinforced biocomposites are found to be superior than wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. SEM microscopy was also done to corroborate the results.
Keywords: Rice husk, epoxy, t-test, mechanical properties.

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Neeraj Bisht, Prakash Chandra Gope, "Mechanical properties of rice husk flour reinforced epoxy bio-composite" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Cloud Trust Management Framework Based On Cloud Market spaces
  W.P. Eureka Priyadarshani, Gihan N. Wikramanayake, Andrei Kelarev and E.M. Piyal Ekanayake
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, applications running in virtual or cloud-based environments are all susceptible to exploitation. However, traditional trust solutions have not been fully optimized for virtualized third party environments. In this situation, the selection of an appropriate cloud service provider is an issue. This paper introduces a completely novel idea on most appropriate cloud service selection through an intermediator. It is based on the new notion of a marketspace. Our paper is devoted to the investigation of a novel architecture suggested for a marketspace. Several theoretical notions related to trust have also been explained extensively in the paper for Cloud service provider selection.
Keyword— Trust, Cloud Service Provider, Cloud Marketplace, Cloud Marketspace.

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W.P. Eureka Priyadarshani, Gihan N. Wikramanayake, Andrei Kelarev and E.M. Piyal Ekanayake, "Cloud Trust Management Framework Based On Cloud Market spaces" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Cost effective solar Inverter
  Nagarathna M, Nikhil C R,Usha A, Vinayaka B C
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar energy the most efficient, eco-friendly and abundantly available energy source in the nature. It can be converted into electrical energy in cost effective manner. In recent years, the interest in solar energy has risen due to surging oil prices and environmental concern. In many remote or underdeveloped areas, direct access to an electric grid is impossible and a photovoltaic inverter system would make life much simpler and more convenient. With this in mind, it is aimed to design, build, and test a solar panel inverter. This inverter system could be used as backup power during outages, battery charging, or for typical household applications. The main components of this solar system are solar cell, dc to dc boost converters, and inverter. Sine wave push pull inverter topology is used for inverter. In this topology only two MOSFETs are used and isolation requirement between control circuit and power circuit is also less which helps to decrease the cost of solar inverter.
Keyword— MOSFET – Metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistor, PCS- Power conditioning system.

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Nagarathna M, Nikhil C R,Usha A, Vinayaka B C, "Cost effective solar Inverter" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A Model For Integrating Environmental Considerations Into The Valuation Of Industries In Enugu Urban Area, Nigeria.
  Aniagolu C. O., Iloeje A. F and Emoh F. I
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In Nigeria, the Estate Surveyor and Valuer has been bestowed with the responsibility of interpreting value of properties for various purposes. In carrying out this responsibility, the Valuer depends on models which were developed decades ago. These models in themselves have implied environmental considerations by way of neighbourhood analysis. The models do not consider serious environmental problems such as air, water, soil, noise pollutions and industrial health and safety. This work developed a model for integrating these variables into the valuation of industries using Enugu as a study area. The model developed is referred to as The Environmental Factor Adjusted Cost Approach to Valuation (or in short from "The E-factor Model"). The model was found to conform with the provisions of the Nigerian Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations of 1991. The model is therefore recommended for use by the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in the Valuation of Industries and other facilities generating waste in Nigeria.
Keyword— Valuation, Industries, Environment, Model, Environmental Considerations.

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Aniagolu C. O., Iloeje A. F and Emoh F. I, "A Model For Integrating Environmental Considerations Into The Valuation Of Industries In Enugu Urban Area, Nigeria" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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Version-4

• Enegy Regenaration in a Hydraulic Damper by Turbo Generator Flowpath Mechanism
  R.Keshor Kumar, T.Dharun Velmani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper develops a modification to hydraulic damper to utilize its energy lose in the form of heat. During the working of actual hydraulic damper, when the suspension fluid is compressed inside the damper cylinder in order to absorb the vibration shocks,the frictional energy of the vehicle is dissipated as heat loss by the suspension fluid in order to minimise the effect of bumps and ridges in road. So in order to harness this power loss, we have developed an energy saving hydraulic damper by modifying the existing model of hydraulic damper.We create a separate flow path with rotating turbine parallel to the damping cylinder connecting the upper and lower end of damper. When the vehicle travels down from a bump, the coil spring compresses forcing the piston to push the suspension fluid upwards and this high pressure fluid travels through the flow path rotating the turbine which in turn runs the generator for power generation. A check valve is provided at the flow path end to prevent the fluid back flow.Thus the suspension fluid kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of the turbine.
KeyWords: Vibrational energy, damping cylinder, backflow, hydraulic damper.

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R.Keshor Kumar, T.Dharun Velmani, "Enegy Regenaration in a Hydraulic Damper by Turbo Generator Flowpath Mechanism" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bearing Capacity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Reinforced Sand Using Plate Load Test
  Er. Aly K, Prof. Stephen Joseph Nigli, Dr. Antony Balan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The work presented here is a study to examine the improvement in bearing capacity of coastal sand of Trivandrum, Kerala, India using high density polyethylene (HDPE) /woven fabric as reinforcement in discrete layers. The bearing capacity was evaluated using plate load test. The effect of reinforcement configurations like sheet reinforcement (sanded with adhesive, with adhesive and sheet alone) and strip reinforcement (single and grid pattern) are investigated. The test parameters chosen for the present study are, depth of topmost layer of reinforcement layer below footing, compacted density and number of layers of reinforcement etc. From the tests, it has been observed that sheet reinforcement is more effective than sheet sanded with adhesive and strip reinforcements. It is found that the synthetic adhesive gives no binding action at the interface of the reinforcement and soil. But it is to be noted that the sheet with adhesive dried has a marked influence on the bearing capacity especially at lower densities. The strip reinforcements in single pattern is considered to be a favorable choice for minimum reinforcement. The strip reinforcement in single or grid pattern gives sufficient improvement in strength.
Keywords: Bearing Capacity, Reinforce Earth, Plate Load Test, River Sand, Geotextiles, HDPE, Strength Improvement, Bearing Capacity Ratio.

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Er. Aly K, Prof. Stephen Joseph Nigli, Dr. Antony Balan, "Bearing Capacity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Reinforced Sand Using Plate Load Test" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evolving Swings (topics) from Social Streams using Probability Model
  Shweta.G.Hiremath, Anand.S.Pashupatimath
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Evolving swings from social streams is receiving renewed interest and it is motivated by the growth of social media and social streams. Non-conventional based approaches can be appropriate which include text, images, URLs and videos. The focus is on evolving topics by social aspects of the networks and the mentions of user links between users which are generated intentionally or unintentionally through replies, mentions and retweets. A probability model of the mentioning behavior is proposed and the proposed model detects the evolving topic from the anomalies measured. After a several experiments, it shows that mention anomaly based approaches detects the evolving swing as early as text anomaly based approaches.
Index Terms: burst detection, SDNML, social networks, Swing detection.

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Shweta.G.Hiremath, Anand.S.Pashupatimath, "Evolving Swings (topics) from Social Streams using Probability Model" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Indoor Radio Propagation Model Analysis Wireless Node Distance and Free Space Path Loss Measurements and Using Ultra-wideband (UWB) Technology
  Mr. Kartik Ramesh Patel, Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) signals are commonly defined as signals that have a large relative bandwidth (bandwidth divided by the carrier frequency) or a large absolute bandwidth. Typical indoor environments contain multiple walls and obstacles consisting of different materials. The RF ultra wideband (UWB) system is a promising technology for indoor localisation owing to its high bandwidth that permits mitigation of the multipath identification problem. The work proposed in this paper identifies exact position of transmitter and receiver wireless nodes, calculates free space path loss and distance between two nodes by considering frequency bandwidth using 2-point and 3-point Gaussian filter. Also in the paper three types of indoor radio propagation models are analyzed at ultra wideband frequency range and results are compared to select best suitable model for setting up indoor wireless connectivity and nodes in typical office, business and college environments and WPAN applications.
Keywords: FSPL Gaussian, Path loss exponent, LOS, NLOS, ROI, RSS, WPAN.

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Mr. Kartik Ramesh Patel, Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, "Indoor Radio Propagation Model Analysis Wireless Node Distance and Free Space Path Loss Measurements and Using Ultra-wideband (UWB) Technology" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• CFD Analysis on the Effect of Injection Timing for Diesel Combustion and Emission
  E B Muhammed shafi, Mathew Varghese T, Dr.T C Mohankumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the effect of injection timing in diesel combustion. Ansys Fluent a computational fluid dynamics tool is used to study the combustion of diesel with three different injection timing. The fuel is injected before TDC, at TDC and after TDC. The parameters such as temperature, pressure, velocity, density, soot and NOx emission are compared. The specie transport model is used for modelling the combustion. Standard k-e (2 equ) is used for modelling the turbulence. The analysis is carried out by only considering the compression and expansion strokes. The pressure reaches the maximum when the fuel is injected before TDC and the maximum temperature is when injected at TDC. The NOx emission is less when the fuel is injected at TDC and the soot formation is when fuel injected before TDC.
Keywords: TDC, Combustion, Fuel Injection, Emission, CFD

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E B Muhammed shafi, Mathew Varghese T, Dr.T C Mohankumar, "CFD Analysis on the Effect of Injection Timing for Diesel Combustion and Emission" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Brief Survey on Vertex and Label Anonymization Techniques of Online Social Network Data
  Papri Mani, Munmun Bhattacharya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With more and more people joining different online social networking (OSN) services every day, the archives of the OSN service providers are increasing drastically. This great amount of personal information is then shared by the service providers with different third parties, which raises a serious concern in preserving privacy of the individuals. For the last few years many work have been done to innovate new techniques, called anonyization techniques, to protect privacy in social network data publishing. In this paper we briefly discuss and categorize vertex and label anonymization techniques which prevent disclosure of individual identities and sensitive information about those identities. We also categorize attributes, attacks and privacy breaches in online social networks.
Keyword— automorphism, equivalence class, isomorphism, k-anonymization, social network graph.

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Papri Mani, Munmun Bhattacharya, "A Brief Survey on Vertex and Label Anonymization Techniques of Online Social Network Data" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Performance of Hybrid yarns (Hemp/ Polypropylene/ Glass) Woven Reinforcements
  Maris Manins, Aina Bernava, Guntis Strazds
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study examines the performance of reinforcements of 100 tex hemp yarns and hybrid yarns reinforcements with same hemp yarns and glass fibres' (136 Tex) in warp direction (25 % or 50 %) interwoven with hemp yarns. The industrial loom CTБ-175 and craftsman's loom, plain weaving technique for production of reinforcements with surface density in range of 91-246 g/m2 were used in the production. Tensile strength of hemp reinforcement on warp direction is 241.7N-279.8N and tensile modulus 218.48MPa-271.24MPa.The measurement of fabric thickness and physical-mechanical properties of reinforcements were carried out according to ISO 5084:1996 and LVS EN ISO 13934-1-2001 standards. One and two layer composites of woven reinforcements of hemp and polypropylene yarns were produced with Laboratory Press LP_S_50/SASTM. The surface density of one layer composite is 311.2 g/m2 and 608.4 g/m2 of two layers composite. The tensile strength of same composites is 303.1N and 599.5N, the tensile stress is 35.66 MPa and 40.65 MPa. The elastic modulus of one layer composites is 908.2 MPa and 1152.5MPa for two layers composite. The mechanical properties of composites were established according to ISO 527-5:2009 standard.
Keyword— hemp yarn, glass fibers, polypropylene yarns, woven reinforcement, composites.

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Maris Manins, Aina Bernava, Guntis Strazds, "Study of Performance of Hybrid yarns (Hemp/ Polypropylene/ Glass) Woven Reinforcements" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Statistical Optimization of process parameters for SiO2-Nickel nanocomposites by in-situ reduction
  A.K.Pramanick
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The optimum combination of process parameters - temperature, time of reduction under nitrogen atmosphere and amount of NiCl2 was delineated to find the maximum yield of nanocrystallite Ni in the synthesized silica gel matrix. A statistically adequate regression equation, within 95% confidence limit was developed by carrying out a set of experiments within the framework of design of experiment. The regression equation is found to indicate the beneficial role of the temperature and time of reduction.
Keywords: Sol-gel, Ni, Design of experiments, Nanocrystallite.

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A.K.Pramanick, "Statistical Optimization of process parameters for SiO2-Nickel nanocomposites by in-situ reduction" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Dipolar interaction and the Manning formula
  J. Roberto Mercado-Escalante, Pedro A. Guido-Aldana, Waldo Ojeda-Bustamante, Jorge Sánchez-Sesma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work we want to show that the mathematical model of quantum mechanics, led to its classical approach, is able to reproduce as close macroscopic experimental results captured by the Manning formula, sufficiently verified through their diverse applications in hydraulics. Molecular interaction between the fluid and the wall of the vessel is studied decomposing the Hamiltonian in two parts: free, and interacting. Scaling process is considered from molecular to hydraulic. Participation of the symmetries of Saint-Venant equation in the hydraulic gradient is taken into account. Correlations between different variables are set. The magnitude of scale change is estimated. We conclude that the Compton wavelength induces to the Boussinesq viscosity concept and the characteristic length of the viscous sublayer.
Keywords - Dipolar interaction, Manning formula, Navier-Stokes fractional equation, Compton wavelength, Compton wavelength

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J. Roberto Mercado-Escalante, Pedro A. Guido-Aldana, Waldo Ojeda-Bustamante, Jorge Sánchez-Sesma, "Dipolar interaction and the Manning formula" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Optimization of WEDM parameters using Taguchi method for higher material removal rate on EN31 steel
  Dipti Ranjan Patra, Ivan Sunit Rout, Manabhanjan Sahoo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the increasing demands of high surface finish and machining of complex shape geometries, conventional machining process are now being replaced by non-traditional machining processes. Wire EDM is one of the non-traditional machining processes which is based on Electrical Discharge Machining Process, which is also called electro-erosion machining process. When the gap voltage is sufficiently large (i.e. reaches the breakdown voltage of dielectric fluid), high power spark is produced, which increase the temperature about 10,000 degrees Celsius. By this way the metal is removed from the work piece. The selection of optimum machining parameters in WEDM is an important increasing productivity. As Material Removal Rate (MRR) is most important response in WEDM; various investigations have been carried out by several researchers for improving the MRR . In this paper, the Taguchi method has been extensively adopted in manufacturing to improve processes with single performance characteristic to achieve higher Material Removal Rate.
Keywords – WEDM, Taguchi, Anova, S/N, MRR

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Dipti Ranjan Patra, Ivan Sunit Rout, Manabhanjan Sahoo, "Optimization of WEDM parameters using Taguchi method for higher material removal rate on EN31 steel" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Computational Aerodynamic Prediction for Integration of an Advanced Reconnaissance Pod on a 5th Generation Fighter Type Aircraft
  De Paolis P., d'Argenio A., Greco G.L., Covioli J., de Nicola C.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper a computational aerodynamic prediction to support the aeromechanical integration of an advanced reconnaissance pod on a 5th generation fighter type aircraft is presented. The aim of the activity was to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the new pod to a previous one already cleared on the same aircraft fleet, given verified inertial and structural similarity. Verifying the aforementioned aerodynamic similarity without involving extensive flight test activity was a must, to save time and to reduce costs. A two steps approach was required by the Certification Authority to verify, initially, the performance data compatibility in terms of aerodynamic coefficients of the old pod with the new one, in order to allow performance flight manual data interchangeability (a quantitative comparison was required); afterwards, a qualitative assessment was conducted to verify the absence of unsteadiness induced by the introduction in the external structure of the new pod of an auxiliary antenna case. Computational results are presented both for Straight and Level Un-accelerated Flight and Steady-Sideslip flight conditions at different Angles of Attack.
Keywords – Computational Fluid Dynamics, Envelope Expansion, Flight Test, Store Integration, Modeling and SimulationKeywords – Computational Fluid Dynamics, Envelope Expansion, Flight Test, Store Integration, Modeling and Simulation

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De Paolis P., d'Argenio A., Greco G.L., Covioli J., de Nicola C., "Computational Aerodynamic Prediction for Integration of an Advanced Reconnaissance Pod on a 5th Generation Fighter Type Aircraft" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Effect of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fibers
  David N Githinji, Dennis O Bichang'a, John T Githaiga and Diana S Madara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The current work investigates the effects of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fiber. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 0.75M to 1.5M, treatment temperature from 80°C to 110°C and treatment time from 60 to 180 minutes. The fibers exhibited a continuous strain hardening on loading, the rate of which decreased with increasing NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. An increase in NaOH concentration at constant treatment time and temperature had a degrading effect on the fiber's breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Similarly, an increase in treatment time at a constant NaOH concentration and treatment temperature, reduced fiber's breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Degumming of banana fibers at a NaOH concentration of 1M at 90°C for 90 minutes gave a good compromise between breaking tenacity and breaking extension.
Keyword— Banana fiber, Delignification, Degumming, Mechanical properties, Hydrolysis.

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David N Githinji, Dennis O Bichang'a, John T Githaiga, Diana S Madara, "Effect of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fibers" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Geoinformatics Approach for Groundwater Prospects and Quality Studies - A Review
  Rajvir Singh, Anup Kumar, S.K. Chakarvarti
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water is a prime requirement for all the living and non-living processes. On the earth, 71% is water but the availability of useable fresh water for drinking and other purposes is about 2.8%. Out of this 2.8 % fresh water, the share of groundwater is only 0.6% that makes it more pertinent to conservation, preservation, and management. The urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agricultural practices have put further pressure on the available fresh water. The modern techniques like space technology, GIS and GPS have great utility in mapping, monitoring, planning and management of water resources. The temporal satellite data in different spectral bands and on different spatial resolutions make the remote sensing satellite data highly useful for mapping and monitoring of an area. The geographical information system (GIS) has the capability to store, retrieve, edit and represent the data in informative way. The global positioning system (GPS) gives the real time geo-coordinates, path and altitude of desired object or terrain. Thus, the geoinformatics have huge potential for solving the problems of groundwater availability and quality, and there is a need to harness the potential of these techniques for societal benefits to provide water everyone.
Keyword— Geoinformatics, groundwater, prospects, satellite data, quality.

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Rajvir Singh, Anup Kumar, S.K. Chakarvarti, "Geoinformatics Approach for Groundwater Prospects and Quality Studies - A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Effect of Metakaolin on Compressive Strength of Concrete
  Satyendra Dubey, Rajiv Chandak, R.K. Yadav
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Metakaolin is a cementitious materials used as an admixture to produce high strength concrete and is used for maintaining the consistency of concrete. In the case where insufficient or poor curing concrete structure like the underground structure which undergo serve loss of compressive strength, use of metakaolin proves to be very useful to modify the properties of concrete. This paper deals with the properties of concrete with varying percentage replacement of metakaolin in M-25 greade of concrete. The mix M1,M2,M3 and M4 were obtained by replacing 0,5,10 and 15 percent mass of cement by Metakaolin. The test results indicated that admixture metakaolin when used at optimum quantity tend to increase the strength of the concrete mix when compared with conventional concrete.
Keyword— Metakaolin, Compressive Strength, OPC.

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Satyendra Dubey, Rajiv Chandak, R.K. Yadav, "Effect of Metakaolin on Compressive Strength of Concrete" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation in amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ and Fe₆₇Co₁₈B₁₄Si₁ alloys
  B. Bhanu Prasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation studies have been carried out on amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ (S1) and Fe₆₇Co₁₈B₁₄Si₁ (S2) alloys using Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MS), Electrical Resistivity (ER), Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) to determine the thermal stability. Results show that the transformation to an equilibrium crystalline state occurs through a two step process. Crystallization process is associated with precipitation of two or more phases which are magnetic in nature. From DSC curves, the activation energy of sample S2 has been calculated using Kissinger, Matusita-Sakka and Augis-Bennet methods and the average value is found to be 211 kJ/mol. The detected phases upon crystallization in the samples are α–(Fe-Co) and (Fe-Co)₂B. Exact compositions of these phases in the completely crystallized sample are found to be α–(Fe_0.7Co_0.3) and (Fe_0.3Co_0.7)₂B.
Keyword— Crystallization, Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Electrical Resistivity, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Activation Energy, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

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B. Bhanu Prasad, "Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation in amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ and Fe₆₇Co₁₈B₁₄Si₁ alloys" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• On The Number of Representations of a Positive Integer By Certain Binary Quadratic Forms Belonging To Multi-Class Genera
  TEIMURAZ VEPKHVADZE
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

It is well known how to find the formulae for the number of representations of positive integers by the positive binary quadratic forms which belong to one-class genera. In this paper we obtain the formulae for the number of representations by certain binary forms with discriminants –80 and –128 belonging to the genera having two classes.
Parameters Used: positive integer, binary form, genera, number of representations.

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TEIMURAZ VEPKHVADZE, "On The Number of Representations of a Positive Integer By Certain Binary Quadratic Forms Belonging To Multi-Class Genera" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Virtual Labs : A Step Towards Remote Experimentation
  Mohammad Maaz, Dr.Deepak Arora, Tushar Pandey
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research work aims at virtualizing the existing physical lab environment in the Universities by providing students remote access to various labs set up in the domain of engineering education that can be accessed online via internet and offline via sms commands through any modern day device (pc, laptops, smartphones, mobiles, tablets etc.). Virtual labs are an Adaptive Learning Software and an example of Open Educational Resource (OER) available to students anytime, outside university premises and outside regular lab hours to learn and perform experiments at their own convenience without having to download or configure complex software needed to perform the experiments.
Keywords: virtual lab; vlab; cloud computing; open educational resource(OER); e-learning; e-lab; remote-lab; Desktop-as-a-Service;CSCL;remote-experiments;internet-based experiments.

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Mohammad Maaz, Dr.Deepak Arora, Tushar Pandey, "Design of Virtual Labs : A Step Towards Remote Experimentation" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Analysis of TCP and SCTP For Congestion Losses In Manet
  Er.Amritpal Kaur, Er.Pooja Rani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Transmission control protocols have been used for data transmission process. TCP has been pre-owned for data transmission over wired communication having different bandwidths and message delays over the network. TCP provides communication using 3-handshake which sends RTS and ACK comes from server end and data message has been transmitted over the bandwidth provided. This does not provide security over flooding attack occurred on the network. TCP provides communication between different nodes of the wired communication but when multi-streaming occurs in a network TCP does not provides proper throughput of the system which is major problem that occurred in the previous system. In the proposed work, to overcome this problem SCTP transmission control protocol has been implemented for the system performance of the system. SCTP provides 4-handshake communication in the message transmit due to which security factor get increases and this also provides communication services over multi-streaming and multi-homing. Multiple sender and receivers can communicate over wired network using various approaches of communication through same routers, which degrades in the TCP protocol. In final we evaluate parameters for performance evaluation. Here, we designed and implemented our test bed using Network Simulator (NS-2.35) to test the performance of both Routing protocols.
Keywords: MANET, Delay, PDR, SCTP, TCP, Throughput, Loss rate.

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Er.Amritpal Kaur, Er.Pooja Rani, "Performance Analysis of TCP and SCTP For Congestion Losses In Manet" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fault Tree Model for Failure Path Prediction of Bolted Steel Tension Member in a Structural System
  Biswajit Som, Sohini Som, Dipesh Majumder and Gokul Mondal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Fault tree is a graphical representation of various sequential combinations of events which leads to the failure of any system, such as a structural system. In this paper it is shown that a fault tree model is also applicable to a critical element of a complex structural system. This will help to identify the different failure mode of a particular structural element which might eventually triggered a progressive collapse of the whole structural system. Non-redundant tension member generally regarded as a Fracture Critical Member (FCM) in a complex structural system, especially in bridge, failure of which may lead to immediate collapse of the structure. Limit state design is governed by the failure behavior of a structural element at its ultimate state. Globally, condition assessment of an existing structural system, particularly for bridges, Fracture Critical Inspection becomes very effective and mandatory in some countries. Fault tree model of tension member, presented in this paper can be conveniently used to identify the flaws in FCM if any, in an existing structural system and also as a check list for new design of tension member.
Keywords: Fault Tree, Tension Member, Fracture Critical, Limit State, Reliability, Boolean.

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Biswajit Som, Sohini Som , Dipesh Majumder and Gokul Mondal, "Fault Tree Model for Failure Path Prediction of Bolted Steel Tension Member in a Structural System" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review on Identify Kin Relationship Technique in Image
  Deepak M Ahire, Devidas D Dighe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper work Kin relationships are traditionally defined as ties based on blood . Kinship include lineal generational bonds like children, parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents, collateral bonds such as siblings, cousins, nieces and nephews, and aunts and uncles, and ties with in-laws. An often-made distinction is that between primary kin members of the families of origin and procreation and secondary kin other family members. The former refer to as "immediate family," and the latter are generally labelled "extended family." Marriage, as a principle of kinship, differs from blood in that it can be terminated. Here Proposing the technique to identify Kin relationship System or Kinship model by using face recognition technique splitting the face into subsets like forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, and cheek areas constitute through Gabor Features on available Real time Database. Given the potential for marital break-up, blood is recognized as the more important principle of kinship.
Keywords - Gabor features, face recognition, face detection, Transfer subspace learning., K-NN classifier.

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Deepak M Ahire, Devidas D Dighe, "Review on Identify Kin Relationship Technique in Image" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Analysis For Reaction Turbine – A Case Study
  Farhan Ahemd, Durbar Roy, Nitish Kumar, Rinku K Rana and Dr. Prasanta K. Sinha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Performance test on a model of a Francis turbine has been carried out in the laboratory for various gate opening of the turbine. The parameters have been expressed in the term of unit quantities. The result show that the peak efficiency lies between 76% and 88% of the full load. The maximum efficiency and power obtained at Nu =362, whereas maximum efficiency obtained is 74% at 95% wicket gate opening, Predicted result based on the modal study for a prototype obtained is within the specified limit.
Keyword— Hydraulic turbine, Francis Turbine, Model, Unit Quantities, Muschel curve.

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Farhan Ahemd, Durbar Roy, Nitish Kumar, Rinku K Rana and Dr. Prasanta K. Sinha, "Performance Analysis For Reaction Turbine – A Case Study" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparision Of Various Lossless Image Compression Techniques
  Eshan Mishra, K.K. Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today images are considered as the major information tanks in the world. They can convey a lot more information to the receptor then a few pages of written information. Due to this very reason image processing has become a field of research today. The processing are basically are of two types; lossy and lossless. Since the information is power, so having it complete and discrete is of great importance today. Hence in such cases lossless techniques are the best options. This paper deals with the comparison of different lossless image compression techniques available today.
Keyword— Lossless Compression techniques, Huffman coding, LZW coding

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Eshan Mishra, K.K. Singh, "Comparision Of Various Lossless Image Compression Techniques" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Tertiary Treated Waste water as a Promising Alternative for Potable Water for Non-Contact Domestic Use.
  Munther I. Almatouq, AbdullaM.Taha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water security is a vital issue in a rid countries like Kuwait, where desal in a ted water is the sole supply of fresh water. This paper is a contribution to the on going efforts towards rationalization in potable water consumption. In addition, it discusses the role of high-quality effluent water, from waste water treatment plants in Kuwait, as a potential replacement for potable water for non-contact domestic applications as a oneway in saving in this valuable commodity.
Keywords: Desal ination plants, waste water treatment, potable water, non-contact, effluent, restricted irrigation, STP, tertiary.

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Munther I. Almatouq, AbdullaM.Taha, "Tertiary Treated Waste water as a Promising Alternative for Potable Water for Non-Contact Domestic Use" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Efficient Facial Expression and Face Recognition using Ranking Method
  Murali Krishna kanala , CH.D. Umasankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Expression detection is useful as a non-invasive method of lie detection and behaviour prediction. However, these facial expressions may be difficult to detect to the untrained eye. In this paper we implements facial expression recognition techniques using Ranking Method. The human face plays an important role in our social interaction, conveying people's identity. Using human face as a key to security, the biometrics face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years. Experiments are performed using standard database like surprise, sad and happiness. The universally accepted three principal emotions to be recognized are: surprise, sad and happiness along with neutral.

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Murali Krishna kanala , CH.D. Umasankar, "Efficient Facial Expression and Face Recognition using Ranking Method" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Modelling of runoff response in a semi-arid coastal watershed using SWAT
  Vikrant Vijay Singh, Anupma Sharma, P.C. Joshi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The GIS based hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is applied to a coastal watershed in the water scarce Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India, to understand the rainfall-runoff linkage. The study attempts to identify response of the coastal watershed for existing climatic conditions. The hydrological model is calibrated (2006-2009) and validated (2010-2012) at both daily and monthly scales. Performance of the model during calibration and validation period is evaluated through standard indices, NSE, R2 and PBIAS that indicate an acceptable response. At monthly scale, model performance is good for both low and above average rainfall years.
Keyword— coastal watershed, runoff, semi-arid, stream flow, SWAT.

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Vikrant Vijay Singh, Anupma Sharma, P.C. Joshi, "Modelling of runoff response in a semi-arid coastal watershed using SWAT" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Removal of Lignin from aqueous solution using Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent
  Harajyoti Mazumdar, Naba Kumar Goswami and Dipankar Saharia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The study was carried out to find out the adsorption efficiency of lignin from paper mill waste water by using Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles. The physico-chemical analysis of paper mill effluent results high B.O.D value. Separations of lignin from black liquor were done by acid precipitation method and removal of lignin was done with nanoparticles. Synthesis of nanoparticles was done by co-precipitation method by mixing and stirring of FeCl.6H2O and FeCl₂.4H₂O solution at 2:1 molar ratio. The nanoparticles were characterized by using U.V-Vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction. U.V-Vis spectra show absorbance spectra at around 585 nm while XRD revealed around 10 nm sizes of Fe₃O₄ MNPs. The removal efficiency of lignin by Fe₃O₄ MNPs was investigated at different pH and contact time. Maximum adsorption of lignin onto the surface of Fe₃O₄ MNPs took place at pH 2.5 and 10 mins of contact time. Desorption of lignin by nanoparticles was studies by using different organic solvents.
Key words: Adsorption, Desorption, Lignin, Nanoparticles, U.V-Vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction and.

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Harajyoti Mazumdar, Naba Kumar Goswami and Dipankar Saharia, "Removal of Lignin from aqueous solution using Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Visible Light Induced Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Amine to N-benzylidene-1-phenylmethanamine by Reduced Graphene Oxide-Titania Nanocomposites
  SoumyaGopi, Mothi Krishna Mohan, Honey Mary Joseph, S. Sugunan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Irradiated semiconductor catalysis in the presence of molecular oxygen can be considered as an innovative and sustainable technique for organic transformations. The present work reports the preparation ofGraphene oxide/TiO₂ composite by improved Hummer's method followed by hydrothermal technique. The prepared system was characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as X-Ray diffraction, IR-Spectroscopy, UV-DRS, XPS, SEM and TEM Analysis.On reaction, benzylamine in CH₃CN yieldedN-benzylidene-1-phenylmethanamine as the sole product. The reaction was monitored by GC-MS Analysis.
Keyword— Photo-oxidation, nanocomposites, TiO₂, Graphene, Benzylamine.

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SoumyaGopi, Mothi Krishna Mohan, Honey Mary Joseph, S. Sugunan, "Visible Light Induced Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Amine to N-benzylidene-1-phenylmethanamine by Reduced Graphene Oxide-Titania Nanocomposites" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Comparision of Clustering Algorithms usingNeural Network Classifier for Satellite Image Classification
  S.Praveena, Dr.S.P.Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a hybrid clustering algorithm and feed-forward neural network classifier for land-cover mapping of trees, shade, building and road. It starts with the single step preprocessing procedure to make the image suitable for segmentation. The pre-processed image is segmented using the hybrid genetic-Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) algorithm that is developed by hybridizing the ABC and FCM to obtain the effective segmentation in satellite image and classified using neural network . The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is compared with the algorithms like, k-means, Fuzzy C means(FCM), Moving K-means, Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) algorithm, ABC-GA algorithm, Moving KFCM and KFCM algorithm.
Keyword— ABC-FCM, Segmentation Algorithm, Neural Network, Feature Extraction, Satellite Image Classification.

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S.Praveena, Dr.S.P.Singh, "Comparision of Clustering Algorithms usingNeural Network Classifier for Satellite Image Classification" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• A review on: The influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC buildings
  Mr. Rahul Sawant, Dr. M. N. Bajad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study focuses on a review of the influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC buildings. The aim of this study is to gain understanding the effect of the local site conditions on the seismic forces in building. The study helps in creating awareness about the importance of the local site conditions, such as proximity to the source of earthquakes (faults) and the local geological and topographical features in the earthquake resistant design of buildings. The current Indian code of practice for seismic analysis IS 1893:2002, specifies seismic zones to consider different levels of intensity of ground shaking, There are also maps of the principal tectonic features and lithological formations. This paper shows the soil condition effects studied by the various researchers.
Keyword— Local soil conditions, RC buildings, Standard codes, seismic analysis, parametric study.

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Mr. Rahul Sawant, Dr. M. N. Bajad, "A review on: The influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC buildings" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section and its comparison with existing circular fin design for air cooled engines employing constant rectangular cross-section
  Ashwin Shridhar, Asokan Ram Deepak, S Jayaraj
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Air Cooled Engines have been used in a variety of applications, ranging from airplanes to motorbikes and even stationary or portable engines. Since modern automobiles and airplanes use engines delivering more power, they have to be cooled more efficiently due to which a more complex water cooling system is used for cooling engines with large displacements. Hence air cooling is becoming a thing of the past, especially in the aviation sector due to the advent of more efficient gas turbine engines. However air cooled internal combustion engines are still being used in a wide variety of two-wheelers ranging from small single cylinder engines to heavy duty liter class V-twins and Inline fours, due to the non-practicalities associated with the installment of a bulky water cooling system in two-wheelers. So one can ascertain that there is a scope for improving the efficiency of air cooled engines even further. The objective of this paper is to analyze currently existing fin design employed in most of the air cooled engines and improve it by changing the cross-section to a streamlined one and also making the fins in a helical orientation as opposed to the regular circular fins employed. Our analysis comprises of a computational fluid dynamics study of both the fin models with identical dimensions and simulated in the same environment using ANSYS FLUENT 15 software and we attempt to compare their performance using the temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution plots obtained.
Keyword— Airfoil, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis, Fins, Heat Transfer, Simulation.

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Ashwin Shridhar, Asokan Ram Deepak, S Jayaraj, "Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section and its comparison with existing circular fin design for air cooled engines employing constant rectangular cross-section" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Importance of Building Code
  Reshmi Banerjee
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum standards for constructed objects such as buildings and non building structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority. Building codes are generally intended to be applied by architects, engineers, constructors and regulators but are also used for various purposes by safety inspectors, environmental scientists, real estate developers, subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, insurance companies, facility managers, tenants and others.
Keywords: Adoption by reference, Building code, Energy provision, Grandfathering provision, Model building code, National building codes

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Reshmi Banerjee, "Importance of Building Code" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Experimental Study and Optimisation of Mrr In CNC Plasma ARC Cutting
  Gurwinder Singh, Shalom Akhai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The research and development in the precise and accurate machining technology of hard metals (Ferrous, non-ferrous and glass etc) is gaining much importance in the industry since last many years. Due to the tremendous competition and cost factor, the non-conventional machining technology is becoming the first choice of the engineers and technicians. In this era of advanced technological processes the CNC plasma arc machining is gaining tremendous ground in the industry. It is much more capable of producing best finished, high accurate machining of very complicated non-symmetrical profile in no time. The main objective and targets of this practical experiment is based to achieve the best possible setting and parameters of operation on a CNC plasma arc machine to achieving speedy work i.e. Maximum material removal rate.
Keyword— CNC, Plasma Arc, MRR, Kerfs, Cutting Speed, Standoff Distance.

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Gurwinder Singh, Shalom Akhai, "Experimental Study and Optimisation of Mrr In CNC Plasma ARC Cutting" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Conventional Design Calculation &3D Modeling of Metal Forming Heavy duty Hydraulic Press
  Abhijeet S Khandekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The design optimization & structure frame analysis of a heavy duty metal forming hydraulic press has been proposed. In this paper the structural analysis & design optimization of hydraulic press has been done and a comparative study of results of finite element analysis of a press with 300 ton capacity has been conducted. It is not possible for the real experimental studies to take into consideration the influence of the connections between the main beams and the rest parts of the construction, the influence of the long it udinal and transverse ribbings as well as the influence of the supports on the overall stressed state of the construction. Moreover, the research esthatuseforthemajorityofthetestcasesdifferentstrainmeasurementsturnouttobequitehardandexpensive.Alltheseproblemscouldbesolvedsuccessfullybytheuseofcomputermodelingprocedures.Itispossibletoperform2Dor 3Dcomputerstudies.The2Dcomputerstudiesgiveideaoftheplanarbehavioroftheconstructionandlacktheopportunityofshowingtheinfluenceofsupportsortheconnectionsoftheconstruction.Itisonlythe3Dmodelsthatcouldsatisfyalltherequirementsfor

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Abhijeet S Khandekar, "Conventional Design Calculation &3D Modeling of Metal Forming Heavy duty Hydraulic Press" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Impacts of Flooding on Road Transport Infrastructure In Enugu Metropolitan City, Nigeria
  Iloeje, A. F.; Aniagolu, C. O., Okoye, V.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An assessment of the impact of flooding on the road transport infrastructure in Enugu Metropolis was carried out using survey research method. Thirty impact indicators were rated by the respondents against six impact dimensions of population, vulnerability of activities, frequency, intensity, extent and risk. Three null hypotheses were postulated and tested. One sample t-test was used for testing hypothesis one which stated that damages to the road transport infrastructure resulting from flooding are not significant to warrant mitigation.Since the p-value =0.000(p<0.05), the null hypothesis is rejected.Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used for testing hypotheses two and three. A statisticallysignificant impact was recorded in hypothesis two since the calculated p–value (0.000) was less than 0.05, (p < 0.05), indicating high impact of flooding on the socio-economic activities in Enugu urban.Furthermore a statistically significant impact was equally recorded in hypothesis three since thecalculated p–value (0.000)was less than 0.05, (p < 0.05). The implication was that damages to road transport infrastructure due to flooding have significant impact on the environmental sustainability of the study area. The model generated hadGoodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.974; Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.951; Comparative Fit Index (CFI)= 0.949 and Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.950; while the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059. The paper therefore recommendedproper infrastructural design and planning, good governance, population control and appropriate weather monitoring as some measures that could be adopted to mitigate the impact of flooding on the road transport infrastructure in Enugu Urban.
Keywords: Flooding, Infrastructure, Impact,Mitigation.

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Iloeje, A. F.; Aniagolu, C. O., Okoye, V., "Impacts of Flooding on Road Transport Infrastructure In Enugu Metropolitan City, Nigeria." Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Research on Properties of Graphite Oxide Nano-fine Particles Modified Asphalt
  Li Hua, Zhang Xuanyu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nano graphite oxide fine particles contain an amount of graphene oxide. Through surface treatment of graphite oxide by Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide, the compatibility between Asphalt and graphite oxide is improved, Through experiments, Penetration and softening point of Graphite oxide nano-fine particles modified asphalt decreased ; thaw splitting performance of asphalt mixture changed for the better, but poor water stability and high temperature stability.
Keyword— graphene oxide, Modified asphalt.

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Li Hua, Zhang Xuanyu, "Research on Properties of Graphite Oxide Nano-fine Particles Modified Asphalt" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Comparative Study on the Design of Square,Rectangular and Circular Concrete Water Tanks
  S.Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, S.Raja shekar, Srinivas vasam, P Srinivasa Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reinforced concrete overhead water tanks are used to store and supply safe drinking water. Design and cost estimation of overhead water tanks is a time consuming task, which requires a great deal of expertise. This study therefore examines the efficiency of Rectangular and Circular tanks. Tanks of 30m3, 90m3, 140m3 and 170m3 capacities were used in order to draw reasonable inferences on tank‟s shape design effectiveness, relative cost implications of tank types and structural capacities. Limit state design criteria were used for basic tank‟s construction materials- steel reinforcement, concrete and formwork were taken-off from the prepared structural drawings. Results of the material take-offs showed that, for each of the shapes, the amount of each structural materials increase as the tank capacity increases. Also Circular-shaped tank consumed lesser individual material as compared to Rectangular ones. Hence, this will give Circular-shaped tanks a more favoured selection over the rectangular shaped tanks.

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S.Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, S.Raja shekar, Srinivas vasam, P Srinivasa Rao, "Comparative Study on the Design of Square,Rectangular and Circular Concrete Water Tanks" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Study on the Influence of Ice and Snow on Pavement Evaluation
  Ou Zhilin, Bai Bin, Lv Yongheng
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The study analyzed mountainous highway operation safety factors from the road environment, traffic environment and climate factors. Utilizing the indoor test to measure the friction coefficient of ice and snow road, summarize the changing trends of friction coefficient which was compared with accident rates, and then establish the model of friction coefficient and accident rate. A model of the vehicle under snow environment was put forward. The study deeply analyzed the influence of snow and ice weather on the roadpavement;it can provide technical support for highway of seasonal frozen area dealing with ice and snow weather.
Keyword— Snowstorm,Pavement,Impact evaluation,Security measures

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Ou Zhilin,Bai Bin, Lv Yongheng, "Study on the Influence of Ice and Snow on Pavement Evaluation" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• To mitigate Black-hole attack with CBDS in MANET
  Navjot, Er.Pooja Rani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile ad-hoc network is self configured network that consist of mobile nodes which communicate with each other. Distributed self-organized nature of this network makes it venerable to various attacks likes DOS attack, Black hole attack, wormhole attack and jamming attack etc. Blackhole attack is one of the serious attack in network in which information loss occur which degrades the performance of network. In this work black hole attack is detected with the help of CBDS (cooperative Bait Detection Algorithm) and MD5 is used for the security purpose. This work is implemented in Network simulator and performance is checked on the bases of network parameters.
Keyword— end to end delay, overhead, PDR, throughput.

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Navjot, Er.Pooja Rani, "To mitigate Black-hole attack with CBDS in MANET" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Performance analyses of wormhole attack in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN)
  Prabhjot, Er.Pooja Rani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile wirelesses networks are generally open to various attacks like information and physical security attacks than fixed wired networks. Securing wireless ad hoc networks is particularly more difficult for many of the reasons for example vulnerability of channels and nodes, absence of infrastructure, dynamically changing topology etc. After that we initialize the number of nodes. Then implement protocol for the communication of nodes. Due to these protocols communication start. And this will be then implemented in CRNs which stand for cognitive radio network in which channel sensing is done. By the use of CRN security will be improved and performance will be enhanced. Find the malicious nodes occur in the network. One malicious node uses routing protocol to claim itself of being shortest path to last node but drops routing packets and doesn't send packets to its neighbors. In last evaluate the parameters.
Keyword— Delay, Jitter, PDR, Throughput.

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Prabhjot, Er.Pooja Rani, "Performance analyses of wormhole attack in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN)" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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• Teaching Building Information Modeling in Construction Management through a Process Oriented Approach
  Thriveni B
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The development of building information modeling (BIM) is widely acknowledged to be having a growing impact on construction management professionals' duties in the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Construction management professio nals' information management practices are impacted by the usage of BIM as the switch from 2D drawing to.....
Keyword— Build Information Modeling (BIM), Process Oriented Teaching, Construction Management, Construction Education

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Thriveni B"Teaching Building Information Modeling in Construction Management through a Process Oriented Approach" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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