• A comparative study on river hydrokinetic turbines blade profiles
  Kamal A.R.Ismail, Tiago P. Batalha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Diesel based electricity supply is the common practice in rural and isolated areas in the North of Brazil. The diesel fuel is usually transported from a nearby city as Manaus by river to these isolated communities. During wet seasons and inundations this means of transport is very risky and not usually safe. The hydrokinetic technology is among the promising technologies for most of the Amazon areas because of the large hydraulic capacity and low density population settlements. In this paper the authors propose a cheap hydrokinetic turbine system whose blades are easy to design, manufacture, replace when necessary and its operation is independent of flow direction. In this work CFD, RANS (Reynolds Average Navier Stokes) equations are used to characterize and develop a methodology of numerical simulation of a vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine. In the simulations, four blade profiles were investigated. The effects of the number of blades, blade profile and water flow velocity on the turbine torque and power coefficients were presented and discussed.
Keywords: renewable energy, hydrokinetic turbine, vertical axis turbine, circular arc profile; flat plate profile; NACA profiles.

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Kamal A.R.Ismail, Tiago P. Batalha, "A comparative study on river hydrokinetic turbines blade profiles"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cloud Computing: A study of cloud architecture and its patterns
  Mandeep Handa, Shriya Sharma, Prajjwal Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. Cloud computing is a paradigm shift following the shift from mainframe to client–server in the early 1980s. Cloud computing can be defined as accessing third party software and services on web and paying as per usage. It facilitates scalability and virtualized resources over Internet as a service providing cost effective and scalable solution to customers. Cloud computing has evolved as a disruptive technology and picked up speed with the presence of many vendors in cloud computing space. The evolution of cloud computing from numerous technological approaches and business models such as SaaS, cluster computing, high performance computing, etc., signifies that the cloud IDM can be considered as a superset of all the corresponding issues from these paradigms and many more. In this paper we will discuss Life cycle management, Cloud architecture, Pattern in Cloud IDM, Volatility of Cloud relations.
Keywords: Cloud computing, Life cycle Management, Cloud Architecture, IDM

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Mandeep Handa, Shriya Sharma, Prajjwal Gupta, "Cloud Computing: A study of cloud architecture and its patterns"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Image Segmentation Using Pairwise Correlation Clustering
  H. Umamaheswari, S. Saraswathi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A pairwise hypergraph based image segmentation framework is formulated in a supervised manner for various images. The image segmentation is to infer the edge label over the pairwise hypergraph by maximizing the normalized cuts. Correlation clustering which is a graph partitioning algorithm, was shown to be effective in a number of applications such as identification, clustering of documents and image segmentation.The partitioning result is derived from a algorithm to partition a pairwise graph into disjoint groups of coherent nodes. In the pairwise correlation clustering, the pairwise graph which is used in the correlation clustering is generalized to a superpixel graph where a node corresponds to a superpixel and a link between adjacent superpixels corresponds to an edge. This pairwise correlation clustering also considers the feature vector which extracts several visual cues from a superpixel, including brightness, color, texture, and shape. Significant progress in clustering has been achieved by algorithms that are based on pairwise affinities between the datasets. The experimental results are shown by calculating the typical cut and inference in an undirected graphical model and datasets.
Keywords: Image segmentation, correlation clustering, superpixel

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H. Umamaheswari, S. Saraswathi, "Image Segmentation Using Pairwise Correlation Clustering"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Properties of Caputo Operator and Its Applications to Linear Fractional Differential Equations
  B. R. Sontakke, A. S. Shaikh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the power of two mostly used definitions for fractional differentiation, namely, the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional operator to solve some linear fractional-order differential equations. The emphasis is given to the most popular Caputo fractional operator which is more suitable for the study of differential equations of fractional order..Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the procedure of solution of couple of fractional differential equations having Caputo operator using Laplace transformation. Itshows that the Laplace transforms is a powerful and efficient technique for obtaining analytic solution of linear fractional differential equations
Keywords: Fractional differential equations; The Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives, Laplace Transform method.

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B. R. Sontakke, A. S. Shaikh, "Properties of Caputo Operator and Its Applications to Linear Fractional Differential Equations"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Analysis of Material Removal Rate in Drilling of 41Cr4 by a Taguchi's Approach
  Syed Siraj Ahmed, Prof.S.D.Ambekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In manufacturing industries the largest amount of money spent on drills. Therefore, from the viewpoint of cost and productivity, modeling and optimization of drilling processes parameter are extremely important for the manufacturing industry this paper presents a detailed model for drilling process parameter. The detailed structure includes in the model, are three parameters such as such as Spindle Speed, feed and depth of cut on material removal rate in drilling of 41 Cr 4 material using HSS spiral drill .We an effect of this three parameters on material removal rate .The detailed mathematical model is simulated by Minitab14 and simulation results fit experiment data very well
In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariable linear regression (MVLR), has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to higher MRR. Experiments were conducted by varying Spindle Speed, feed and depth of cut using L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve high MMR. Experimental results from the orthogonal array were used as the training data for the MVLR model to map the relationship between process parameters and MMR the experiment was conducted on drilling machine. From the investigation It concludes that speed is most influencing parameter followed by feed and depth of cut on MRR
Keywords: ANOVA, Drilling, 41 Cr 4, MVLR analysis, MMR

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Syed Siraj Ahmed, Prof.S.D.Ambekar, "Experimental Analysis of Material Removal Rate in Drilling of 41Cr4 by a Taguchi's Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Stochastic Model by the Fourier Transform of Pde for the Glp - 1
  Dr. P. Senthilkumar and D. Sargunasundari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The peptide hormone glucagon like peptide GLP -1 has most important actions resulting in glucose lowering along with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. As a peptide hormone, GLP -1 has to be administered by injection. A few small-molecule agonists to peptide hormone receptors have been described. Here we develop a model for credit risk based on a model with stochastic eigen values called principal component stochastic covariance.
Keyword— GLP- 1, stochastic models, wishart process, stochastic covariance.

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Dr. P. Senthilkumar and D. Sargunasundari, "A Stochastic Model by the Fourier Transform of Pde for the Glp – 1"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Process-Properties and Correlation in Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics
  Leggins.A, Sreepadmini.R, Hema.P, Kokila.B, Vijayapreetha.P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nano-Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been synthesized via various methods like co-precipitation, sol-gel and solid-state reaction method. Ca/P ratio has been taken for HAp is 1.67. Amalgamated powder has calcined at 750°C for the phase formation and to remove the volatile impurities.The ultimate powder has been characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) which reveals the particle size and the phase formation of the synthesized HAp. The average particle sizes of HAp by co-precipitation, sol-gel and solid state reaction method has found 116.4nm, 171 nm, and 94.1nm respectively. More absorption has been found in UV spectra HAp synthesized via solid state reaction method.
Keyword— HAp, Co-precipitation, Sol-gel, Solid-state reaction, X-Ray Diffraction.

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Leggins.A, Sreepadmini.R, Hema.P, Kokila.B, Vijayapreetha.P, "Process-Properties and Correlation in Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Applications Residual Control Charts Based on Variable Limits
  Adriano Mendonça Souza, Francisca Mendonça Souza, Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini, Bianca Reichert, Afonso Valau De Lima Junior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main purpose of this paper is to verify the stability of a productive process in the presence of the effects of autocorrelation and volatility, in order to capture these characteristics by a joint forecast model which produces residuals that are evaluated by a control chart based on variable control limits. The methodology employed will be the joint estimation of the residuals by ARIMA – ARCH models and the conditional standard deviation from residuals to establish the chart control limits. The joint AR (1)-ARCH (1) model shows that an appropriate forecasting model brings a great contribution to the performance of residual control charts in monitoring the stability of industrial variables using just one chart to monitor mean and variance together.
Keywords: ARCH models, ARIMA models, Autocorrelated data, Statistical process control, Volatility in industrial processes.

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Adriano Mendonça Souza, Francisca Mendonça Souza, Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini, Bianca Reichert, Afonso Valau De Lima Junior, "Applications Residual Control Charts Based on Variable Limits"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Wear and Corrosion Study of Sputtered Zirconium thin films on SS316L for Windmill Application
  Arunkumar N, Ragul S, Harish Kumar S K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Aim of this study is to observe the Wear and Corrosion behavior of Zirconium coated 316L stainless steel. After polishing, SS316L was coated with Zirconium employing DC sputtering process (a technique of physical vapor deposition).Structure characterization techniques including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to investigate the microstructure and crystallinity of the coating. Salt spray test was performed by spraying Sodium chloride in order to determine corrosion resistance behavior of the coated sample. Pin on disc wear test was performed by hardened and tempered EN31 steel pin in order to determine and compare the Wear resistance behavior of Coated and uncoated samples. The Objective is to recommend the zirconium coated Stainless steel SS316L can be a choice for Off-shore wind mills where the shafts undergo Wear and corrosion problems.
Key words: Zirconium coating, Wear and corrosion study, thin film deposition, DC sputtering, SS316L coating

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Arunkumar N, Ragul S, Harish Kumar S K, "Wear and Corrosion Study of Sputtered Zirconium thin films on SS316L for Windmill Application"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor Corrector
  Ashima Kulshreshtha, Anmol R. Saxena, A. K. Wadhwani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The era of electronic devices in all loads due to the manufacturing technologies replaced many conventional electrical or mechanical loads including lighting loads where Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is becoming an emerging technique with many advantages. High frequency switching dc-dc converter is a new technology to control the load and the supply side simultaneously. Due to additional harmonics generated by these switching converters power factor correction has become a necessity in utility side. This paper focuses on the power factor correction of the supply side when employing an ideal LED load with dc-dc Cuk converter. This paper also illustrates the controlling of the power factor correction employing high switching frequency dc-dc converters. The control loops employed are discussed and the strategy for designing the compensator is also explained. The simulated results have been shown to ascertain the accepted performance of the power factor correction converter.
Key words: Cuk converter, Current control, DC-DC Converters, FFT Analysis, Light emitting diodes (LEDs), Power Factor Correction, Voltage Regulation

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Ashima Kulshreshtha, Anmol R. Saxena, A. K. Wadhwani, "Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor Corrector"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Digital Voltage Control of DC-DC Boost Converter
  T. M. Swathy, Arun Kumar Wadhwani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The need for digital control for faster communication between power stage module & system controllers is increased with requirement of load complexity. The requirements also include stability of power module with the parametric variation. This paper presents a digital control of a dc-dc boost converter under nominal parameter conditions. The system controller has been verified in both frequency response as well as MATLAB-Simulink under nominal & parametric varying condition. The modeling of converter has been illustrated using state-space averaging technique. Direct digital design method is equipped to design the controller in frequency response to yield constant load voltage. The characteristic of load voltage before & after parametric variation is shown.
Keywords: DC-DC Converter, Small-Signal modeling, Digital Direct Design approach

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T. M. Swathy, Arun Kumar Wadhwani, "Digital Voltage Control of DC-DC Boost Converter"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• VLSI Implementation of OFDM Transceiver for 802.11n systems
  Shreyas Kulkarni, Aniket Phatak, Siddhesh Rahula, Dipak Gawade
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) is the most widely used modulation technique for wireless communication network. In this paper, 4 x 4 spatially multiplexed MIMO OFDM transceiver is designed using 1/2 encoder and 64 bit FFT. The implementation has been carried out in hardware using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Both the transmitter and the receiver are implemented on a single FPGA board with the channel being a wired one. The FPGA board used is Diligent Atlys Xilinx Spartan 6. We have analysed the effect of Bit Error Rate and Data rate with respect to Signal to Noise ratio.
Index Terms: OFDM, Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), Xilinx, Multiple Input Multiple Output, Fast Fourier Transform.

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Shreyas Kulkarni, Aniket Phatak, Siddhesh Rahula, Dipak Gawade, "VLSI Implementation of OFDMTransceiver for 802.11n systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Process Parameters for Optimization of Plastic Extrusion in Pipe Manufacturing
  Mr. Sandip S. Gadekar, Prof.Javed G. Khan, Dr. R. S. Dalu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The objective of this paper is to study the defects in the plastic pipe, to optimize the plastic pipe manufacturing process. It is very essential to learn the process parameter and the defect in the plastic pipe manufacturing process to optimize it. For the optimization Taguchi techniques is used in this paper. For the research work Shivraj HY-Tech Drip Irrigation pipe manufacturing, Company was selected. This paper is specifically design for the optimization in the current process. The experiment was analyzed using commercial Minitab16 software, interpretation has made, and optimized factor settings were chosen. After prediction of result the quality loss is calculated and it is compare with before implementation of DOE. The research works has improves the Production, quality and optimizes the process.
Keywords: Taguchi method, Design of experiment, Taguchi loss function, orthogonal array.

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Mr. Sandip S. Gadekar, Prof.Javed G. Khan, Dr. R. S. Dalu, "Analysis of Process Parameters for Optimization of Plastic Extrusion in Pipe Manufacturing"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Harmonic Minimization using PSO of meld μgird-MLCI
  M.Manigandan, Dr.B.Basavaraja and G.Srikanth
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Microgrids are new approach of electrical systems consisting of distributed generators, renewable energy sources and sensitive loads. The objective of microgrid operation is to serve reliable and high-quality electric power regardless of faults or abnormal operating conditions. A transformation is being observed to advance the part of distributed generations from alternate the constitutional source in the network of microgrid. In this paper Microgrid with three important distributed generators & an effective solution for protection of sensitive loads against voltage disturbances in power distribution system are considered. The main objective is to lower the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the cascaded multilevel inverter, which is an optimization problem and can be clear up by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach are considered in the paper. The simulation outcome fair that the prospective PSO method is truly adept of concluding outstanding attributes of the decision to eliminate the 3rd, 5th and 7th order harmonics and within the range of modulation index the total harmonic distortion must be reduced for meld μgrid-MLCI.
Keywords: Microgrid (μ-grid), Optimized harmonic stepped waveform (OHSW), particle swarm optimization (PSO), Total harmonic distortion (THD)

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M.Manigandan, Dr.B.Basavaraja and G.Srikanth, "Harmonic Minimization using PSO of meld μgird-MLCI"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Crystallization Process of Fe₇₈Tm₂B₂₀ and Fe₇₆Tm₄B₂₀ Alloys
  B. Bhanu Prasad and M.D.V. Srilalitha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The amorphous to crystalline transformation in Fe₇₈Tm₂B₂₀ (Sample S1) and Fe₇₆Tm₄B₂₀ (Sample S2) alloys has been carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) of the samples are also discussed to confirm the complete crystallization after heating. DSC analysis of the samples S1 and S2 showed that on heating the samples upto 1000⁰C, a sharp peak was observed at 545⁰C and 791⁰C respectively, indicating a primary crystalline phase appearing in the amorphous matrix. In sample S2 another sharp peak was observed at 896⁰C, indicating further crystallization in the sample. Both the samples are completely crystallized when temperature is above 929⁰C. In sample S2, the crystallization is a multi stage process where different crystalline phases grow in the amorphous matrix. SEM patterns of these samples showed that as cast samples are amorphous and the sample are completely crystallized when heated to 1000⁰C. EDS patterns also confirmed the complete crystallization of the samples after heating to 1000⁰C. Thus increase of Tm concentration in Fe-Tm-B alloy changes the process of crystallization.

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B. Bhanu Prasad and M.D.V. Srilalitha, "Study of Crystallization Process of Fe₇₈Tm₂B₂₀ and Fe₇₆Tm₄B₂₀ Alloys"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modified approximate 8-point multiplier less DCT like transform
  Siddharth Pande, Shyam Pankhaniya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is widely usedtransformation for compression in image and video standardslike H.264 or MPEGv4, JPEG etc. Currently the new standarddeveloped Codec is Highly Efficient Video Coding (HEVC) orH.265. With the help of the transformation matrix the computational cost can be dynamically reduce. This paper proposesa novel approach of multiplier-less modified approximate DCT like transformalgorithm and also comparison with exact DCT algorithm and theapproximate DCT like transform. This proposed algorithm willhave lower computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposedalgorithm will be modular in approach, and suitable for pipelinedVLSI implementation.
Keyword: Approximate DCT, DCT, JPEG, HEVC, Multiplier-less DCT transform

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Siddharth Pande, Shyam Pankhaniya, "Modified approximate 8-point multiplier less DCT like transform"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Experimental Investigation on GGBSand Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete with Replacement of Sand by Quarry Dust
  Maneesh kumar C S, Manimaran G, Prasanth S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Extensive research is currently going on to evaluate geo-polymer in civil engineering application. The project aims at making ecofriendly concrete and increasing the strength of the concrete. Cement, the second most consumed product in the world, 5% – 8% of world's man made greenhouse gas emission are from the cement industry itself. It is well known that cement production depletes significant amount of natural resources and release of large volume of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, coal burning power plants produce huge quantities of fly ash. Most of the fly ash is considered as waste, dumped in landfills and GGBS exhibits cementitious as well as pozzolanic characteristics so it is quite right in choosing of fly ash and GGBS for concrete mix. Due to over exploitation of river sand for the construction, resulting in river bed erosion. So government frames more restrictions in exploiting them. In order to overcome this issue we use to replace river sand by quarry dust. Alkaline liquids are used as the binding materials, alkaline liquids used in this study for the polymerization are the solution of Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate, molarity of Sodium Hydroxide 10 M is taken to prepare different mixes. And the strength is calculated for each of the mix. Curing is done by placing specimens at room temperature. The specimen are tested at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days, the test includes compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexure strength. The test results shows that GGBS and Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for structural applications.
Keyword: Geo-Polymer, Fly ash, GGBS, Alkaline Solution, Strengths.

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Maneeshkumar C S, Manimaran G, Prasanth S, "An Experimental Investigation on GGBSand Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete with Replacement of Sand by Quarry Dust"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Distance Protection Scheme for Series Compensated Transmission Lines
  Vanitha.V, Hemalatha.P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Conventional distance protection applies the positive sequence impedance to protect a line against short-circuit faults. Series-compensated lines may considerably change the positive sequence impedance of the fault path and cause the distance relays to maloperate. To overcome this problem, the mutual impedance between phases of a transmission line is used for the design of a new distance protection scheme. The voltages and currents of both ends of the line are applied to compute the mutual impedance between the relay and the fault point. The proposed scheme has a reliable performance in protection against single-phase and double-phase-to-ground faults and, therefore, it can be used as a backup protection. Simulation results approve the efficiency of the proposed method in protection of series-compensated transmission lines.
Keyword: Distance protection, mutual impedance, series compensation, transmission line.

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Vanitha.V, Hemalatha.P, "Distance Protection Scheme for Series Compensated Transmission Lines"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-2

• Role of Inspiration in Creating Textile Design
  Bakhtawer Sabir Malik, Naheed Azhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In design-making process, Source of inspiration has a vital role, both in defining the characteristics of a new design and in informing the creation of a distinct design. This study was based on the idea to promote creative and original textile designs by using a source of inspiration. The purpose of the study was to create some original and innovative designs for textiles by using natural paintings of William Morris as an inspiration and incorporating modern elements in the design. Several designs were made and three were selected that were innovative and suitable for textile designing. This study marks the significance of a source of inspiration in textile designing.
Keywords: Design; Creative; Textile; Inspiration; Innovative; William Morris

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Bakhtawer Sabir Malik, Naheed Azhar, "Role of Inspiration in Creating Textile Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Using Z-Transform for Electric Loads Modeling in the Presence of Harmonics
  Ahmad M. Alkandari, Osamah Alduaij
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An approach based on Z-transform is presented to obtain a single phase electric loads model in the presence of harmonics. The impedance or admittance of the load is expressed as a linear autoregressive exogenous input (ARX). The parameters of this series are identified using the least error squares (LES) algorithm. This algorithm uses the digitized samples of the load-input voltage and the resulting output current. Having identified the ARX parameters model, the impedance, or admittance of the equivalent circuit of the load can be written in the time domain. Using the well-known definition of the perunit Z, the admittance of the load can be expressed in the frequency domain. The proposed algorithm can easily be used to model the impedance or admittance of the electric distribution network on the harmonic polluted environment, as well as the transmission network, for load flow, stability analysis and harmonics filter design. The results of simulated and actual recorded data are reported in this paper.
Keywords: Z transform, electric load modeling, harmonics, LES estimation

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Ahmad M. Alkandari, Osamah Alduaij, "Using Z-Transform for Electric Loads Modeling in the Presence of Harmonics"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making approaches for personnel selection problem: A survey
  Mahdi Khorami, Dr. Rahim Ehsani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Personnel selection is the critical stage of human resource management (HRM). It is undeniable fact that qualified personnel is one of the necessary building blocks for organization success because improper personnel might cause many obstacles for an organization and dissipates it resource as time, effort, and money. Indeed, complexity and the important role of personnel selection problem require the application of robust and equitable methods. An effective, helpful, and reliable approach has been developed to deal with personnel selection problem is multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. In this paper, we focus on the application of MCDM methods for personnel selection problem and review numerous international journal articles accessible on famous academic databases.
Keywords: Fuzzy set theory, Grey Relation Analysis (GRA), Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Personnel selection, Expert systems

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Mahdi Khorami, Dr. Rahim Ehsani, "Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making approaches for personnel selection problem: A survey"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fuzzy rules incorporated skyhook theory based vehicular suspension design for improving ride comfort
  Munaim Akhtar, Dr. Shahnawaz Alam, Faiz Mohd
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The vehicle suspension system supports and isolate the vehicle body and payload from road vibrations due to surface roughness by maintaining a controllable damping traction force between tires and road surface. In modern luxury vehicles semi active suspension system are offering both the reliability and accuracy that has enhanced the passenger ride comfort with less power demand. In this paper we have proposed the design of a hybrid control system having a combination of skyhook theory with fuzzy logic control and applied on a semi-active vehicle suspension system for its ride comfort enhancement. A two degree of freedom dynamic model is simulated using Matlab/Simulink for a vehicle equipped with semi-active suspension system with focused on the passenger‟s ride comfort performance.
Keywords: Skyhook Theory, Ride comfort, suspension system, Fuzzy logic control, 2-Degree of freedom vehicle model.

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Munaim Akhtar, Dr. Shahnawaz Alam, Faiz Mohd, "Fuzzy rules incorporated skyhook theory based vehicular suspension design for improving ride comfort"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Possibility Theory versus Probability Theory in Fuzzy Measure Theory
  Parul Agarwal, Dr. H.S. Nayal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to compare probability theory with possibility theory, and to use this comparison in comparing probability theory with fuzzy set theory. The best way of comparing probabilistic and possibilistic conceptualizations of uncertainty is to examine the two theories from a broader perspective. Such a perspective is offered by evidence theory, within which probability theory and possibility theory are recognized as special branches. While the various characteristic of possibility theory within the broader framework of evidence theory are expounded in this paper, we need to introduce their probabilistic counterparts to facilitate our discussion.
Keywords: Probability theory, possibility theory, probability measure (Pro), possibility measure (Pos), belief measure (Bel), Plausibility measure (Pl) and necessity measure (Nec).

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Parul Agarwal, Dr. H.S. Nayal, "Possibility Theory versus Probability Theory in Fuzzy Measure Theory"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Vibration Analysis of deep groove ball bearing using Finite Element Analysis
  Mr. Shaha Rohit D, Prof. S. S. Kulkarni
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Rolling element bearing is essential part of machinery. The rolling bearing, with outer ring fixed, is a multi body mechanical system with rolling elements that transmit motion and load from the inner raceway to the outer raceway. The rolling bearings dynamical behaviour analysis is an important condition to determine the machine vibration response. Modern trend of Dynamic analysis is useful in early prediction. Dynamic analysis has become a very powerful tool for the betterment of the actual performance of the system. The methodology for prediction and validation of dynamic characteristics of bearing rotor system vibration is studied. ANSYS software is the promising tools for the modelling. The result obtained from FEA are validated with experimental results.
Keyword— deep groove ball Bearing, Outer race defects, Inner race defect, FFT analysis.

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Mr. Shaha Rohit D, Prof. S. S. Kulkarni, "Vibration Analysis of deep groove ball bearing using Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Relationship with the Degree of Saturation of the Swelling Strain
  Sjafrudin Latar, Hary Christady Hardiyatmo, Agus Darmawan Adi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Expansive soil in SokooNgawi East Java often gives problems in the building stability. This research aims to study the properties of the soil in the area that mainly related to changes in moisture content in particular the influence of the degree of saturation of the swelling strain.
Swelling tests were performed on disturbed soil by means of oedometer at 6.9 kPa overburden pressure. Initial moisture contents used were varied from 15.04% to 42.88%. Swelling strain was measured using overburden pressure 6.9 kPa and swelling pressure obtained from the pressure required to return the sample to the original condition.
The test results show that for initial moisture content 15.04 % , γd= 1.471 gr/cm ³,S = 50.70 % the maximum swelling strain were 38.04% and swelling pressure was 2392 kPa. The initial moisture content 42.88%, γd= 0.926 gr / cm ³, S = 65.26 % the minimum swelling strain was 1.68 % and swelling pressure was 34 kPa.
Keyword— Expansive soil, degree of saturation, swelling strain, swelling pressure.

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Sjafrudin Latar, Hary Christady Hardiyatmo, Agus Darmawan Adi, "Relationship with the Degree of Saturation of the Swelling Strain"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Energy Fraud Detection Scheme for Power Utilities
  Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko, Ogunmakinde. Jimoh Ogunwuyi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Energy fraud is when the consumer deliberately tries to deceive the utility. A common practice is to tamper with the meter so that a lower reading of power use is shown than is the case.
This paper develops an automated energy fraud detection scheme for power utilities.
In the scheme, when the mains is switched ON, input and output signals are compared to check for any discrepancies. When no discrepancy is recorded, a green LED will be ON until a discrepancy occurs. When a discrepancy is recorded, a red LED at the substation turns ON to notify the operator after which the consumer data will recorded. The nearest substation is then notified after all the data have been taken and the mains are turned OFF.
The scheme saves time as well as helping to maximize profit margin for power utilities working in electrical distribution network.
The scheme also assists utility companies to keep a constant eye on its customers.
Keywords: Energy fraud, Utilities, Discrepancy, Commercial losses, Energy meter, Technical losses, Distribution charges, Billing irregularities.

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Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko, Ogunmakinde. Jimoh Ogunwuyi, "An Energy Fraud Detection Scheme for Power Utilities"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Impact of Dispersed Generation on Optimization of Power Exports
  Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko, Adebayo Wasiu Eboda K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Dispersed generation (DG) is defined as any source of electrical energy of limited size that is connected directly to the distribution system of a power network. It is also called decentralized generation, embedded generation or distributed generation.
Dispersed generation is any modular generation located at or near the load center. It can be applied in the form of rechargeable, such as, mini-hydro, solar, wind and photovoltaic system or in the form of fuel-based systems, such as, fuel cells and micro-turbines.
This paper presents the impact of dispersed generation on the optimization of power exports. Computer simulation was carried out using the hourly loads of the selected distribution feeders on Kaduna distribution system as input parameters for the computation of the line loss reduction ratio index (LLRI).
The result showed that the line loss reduced from 163.56MW to 144.61 MW when DG was introduced which is an indication of a reduction in line losses with the installation of DG at the various feeders of the distribution system. In all the feeders where DG is integrated, the average magnitude of the line loss reduction index is 0.8754 MW which is less than 1 indicating a reduction in the electrical line losses with the introduction of DG. The line loss reduction index confirmed that by integrating DG into the distribution system, the distribution losses are reduced and optimization of power exports is achieved
The results of this research paper will form a basis to establish that proper location of distributed generation units have significant impact on their effective capacity.
Key words: Dispersed generation, Line loss reduction ratio, Simulation, Optimization, Thermal losses, Penetration level, Dispersion level.

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Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko, Adebayo Wasiu Eboda K, "Impact of Dispersed Generation on Optimization of Power Exports"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Comparative Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols and Cluster Head Selection Technique in MANET
  Mr. Pratik Gite, Dr. Sanjay Thakur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a kind of wireless network. It is a backbone of new generation advanced communication technology. MANET is an ideal applicant for rescue and emergency situation due to its independence of connected devices of fixed wires. This paper represents a work on trust based system in MANET cluster that can be used to improve the performance of the network even in the existence of not trusted nodes. In the cluster architecture, cluster head and gateway nodes form a communication for routing among neighbouring clusters. But selection of cluster head is the important problem in dynamic Ad-hoc network because cluster head work as coordinator in clustered architecture. In this work, some values have used correspond to the threshold values of forward packet and dropped packet of each node within the network cluster. These values have been used dynamically updated every time and the node is selected as cluster head. In this technique of selecting the node as cluster head, the node which has maximum trusted value is elected as cluster head and this information is updated in every node's trusted table. After implementation of our desired work, the proposed Dynamic Trust Evaluation of Cluster Head (DTE-CH) technique is analysed with traditional routing protocols and traditional clustering technique viz. Highest Degree Algorithm. The simulation is done by using network simulator software on the basis of different performance metrics throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, packet drop, average end to end delay and remain energy. Simulation result presents that proposed DTE-CH technique improves the performance of network as compare to most suitable existing AODV MANET protocol based technique as well as traditional highest degree clustering technique.
Key words: MANET, Routing Protocols, Highest Degree Clustering Algorithm, Proposed DTE-CH Algorithm

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Mr. Pratik Gite, Dr. Sanjay Thakur, "Comparative Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols and Cluster Head Selection Technique in MANET"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Conception of a new Syndrome Block for BCH codes with hardware Implementation on FPGA Card
  El Habti El Idrissi Anas, El Gouri Rachid, Ahmed Lichioui, Hlou Laamari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Error Correcting Codes are required to have a reliable communication through a medium that has an unacceptable bit error rate and low signal to noise ratio. Data gets corrupted during the transmission and reception due to noises and interferences. The Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are being widely used in variety communication and storage systems. In this paper, a simplified algorithm for BCH decoding is proposed with a view to reduce the number of iterations for error detection in the syndrome calculator block of BCH decoders with a percentage of up to 80 % compared to the basic syndrome block. First, we developed the design of the proposed algorithm second, we generated and simulated the hardware description language source code using Quartus software tools and finally we implemented the new algorithm of syndrome block on FPGA card.
Keywords: Digital video broadcasting-satellite-second generation,BCH decoder,Syndrome Block, iterations, add syndromes, FPGA implementation.

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El Habti El Idrissi Anas, El Gouri Rachid, Ahmed Lichioui, Hlou Laamari, "Conception of a new Syndrome Block for BCH codes with hardware Implementation on FPGA Card"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using Anova And Taguchi Method
  Ramprasad, Gaurav Upadhyay, Kamal Hassan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Stainlesssteel 403 is high-alloysteelwith good corrosion resistance and it'svery hard material. Abrasive water jet is an effective method for machining, cutting and drilling of stainlesssteel 403. In thispaperweoptimize the metalremoval rate of stainlesssteel 403 in abrasive water jet machining. The MRRisoptimize by usingthreeparameters water pressure, abrasive flow rate and stand-off distance and L₉ orthogonal array of Taguchimethod use to analyse the result. 9 experimentalrunsbased on L₉ orthogonal array of Taguchimethod.
Keywords: Abrasive water jet machine, stainless steel 403, garnet 80 mesh, L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi

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Ramprasad, Gaurav Upadhyay, Kamal Hassan, "Optimization MRR Of Stainless Steel 403 In Abrasive Water Jet Machining Using Anova And Taguchi Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Vibration Characteristics of a Building Structure from a Natural Frequency Point of View
  Katsumi Kurita, Shigeru Aoki, Issei Natori
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

To investigate vibration characteristics of the building, the natural frequency of the building was estimated using microtoremor and strong motion. In case estimated using microtoremor data, the natural frequency was 2.40Hz in the minor axis of the building. However, in case estimated using strong motion data, the average of them was 2.28Hz that is lower than that of microtremor. From a time series analysis on strong motion data, the natural frequency indicates high value before the part of principal motion, it drops to a lower on the part of principal motion. And it goes back with the decreasing acceleration amplitude of motion. It means that the natural frequency of the structure depends on the peak acceleration amplitude. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate a health index only using the change of the natural frequency estimated by strong motion data. It means that it needs to use another parameter together.
Keywords: Building structure, Microtoremor, Natural frequency, Strong motion

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Katsumi Kurita, Shigeru Aoki, Issei Natori, "Vibration Characteristics of a Building Structure from a Natural Frequency Point of View"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study of Replacing Mercury Lamps with High Pressure Sodium Lamps in the Street Lighting Networks of the State of Kuwait
  Khaled I. M. Alduraie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper intends to briefly compare between using Mercury lamps and High Pressure Sodium lamps in the street lighting networks in the State of Kuwait. This will lead us to show the advantages and disadvantages of each of them (Mercury and High Pressure Sodium) in the street lighting networks. In addition, we are going to introduce some facts and figures from Ministry of Electricity and Water in the State of Kuwait (MEW) to support our study as a case study.
Keywords: Mercury lamps, High Pressure Sodium lamps, Street lighting networks

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Khaled I. M. Alduraie, "A Study of Replacing Mercury Lamps with High Pressure Sodium Lamps in the Street Lighting Networks of the State of Kuwait"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• KAIZEN – A case study
  Manjunath Shettar, Pavan Hiremath, Nikhil R, Vithal Rao Chauhan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The ultimate objective of manufacturing industries is to increase productivity with high quality. At present, many manufacturing companies are facing problems such as high quality rejection, high inventories, high lead time, high costs of production, and inability to cope with customer orders.
By implementing and practicing the lean production system many problems can be solved without employing high-tech and high-touch approaches but by involving people on the shop floor in Kaizen activities. Kaizen is one of the powerful tools of lean manufacturing. Kaizen refers to continuous improvement in performance, cost and quality. Kaizen ensures that manufacturing processes become leaner and fitter, but eliminate waste (problem) where value is added.
The main objective of this paper is to provide a background on kaizen, present an overview of kaizen concepts that are used to transform a company into a high performing lean enterprise. A case study of implementation of Kaizen‟s has been discussed.
Keywords: Kaizen, Lean Manufacturing, Muda, Lead time,..

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Manjunath Shettar, Pavan Hiremath, Nikhil R, Vithal Rao Chauhan, "KAIZEN – A case study"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Countermeasures
  Jing Zhenyan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the influencing factors of carbon emission sources and in the transport stage and construction process of the construction phase, then study the appropriate control measures and energy-saving suggestions for the construction enterprises to achieve low-carbon construction and to provide effective basis of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Keyword: Construction of carbon emissions, influencing factors, control measures, energy saving.

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Jing Zhenyan, "The Factors affecting the construction of low-carbon construction and the Countermeasures"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Studies on Rice Bran and its benefits- A Review
  Renu Sharma, Tanuja Srivastava, D.C. Saxena
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling industry is rich in micronutrients like oryzanols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and dietary fibers. The high nutritional profile of rice bran has not been utilized due to problems associated with lipase enzyme, which reduces the quality of rice bran and makes it unfit for human consumption. After the stabilization of lipase enzyme, it is possible to derive highly nutritious value-added products of rice bran. Due to the presence of antioxidants, it helps in lowering plasma cholesterol, decreasing serum cholesterol, decreasing cholesterol absorption and decreasing platelet aggregation. It has also been used to cure hyperlipidemia, menopause disorders and to increase the muscle mass. The most widely accepted product of rice bran is its oil that has exceptional properties as compared to other vegetable oils. This review paper describes the distinct properties of rice bran as well as its health benefits.
Keyword: Rice bran, oryzanols, value-added products, antioxidants, cholesterol.

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Renu Sharma, Tanuja Srivastava, D.C. Saxena, "Studies on Rice Bran and its benefits- A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of polyester hybrid composites reinforced by jute and glass fiber.
  Braga, R. A., Silva, R. S., Magalhaes Jr, P. A. A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This work describes the study to investigate and compare the mechanical and thermal properties of raw jute and glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites. To improve the mechanical properties, jute fiber was hybridized with glass fiber. Polyester resin, jute and glass fibers were laminated in three weight ratios(77/23/0, 68/25/7 and 56/21/23) respectively to form composites. The tensile, flexural, impact, density, thermal and water absorption tests were carried out using hybrid composite samples. This study shows that the addition of jute fiber and glass fiber in polyester, increase the density, the impact energy, the tensile strength and the flexural strength, but decrease the loss mass in function of temperature and the water absorption. Morphological analysis was carried out to observe fracture behavior and fiber pull-out of the samples using scanning electron microscope.
Keyword: A. Jute, A. Resin, B. Mechanical properties, D. Mechanical testing.

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Braga, R. A., Silva, R. S., Magalhaes Jr, P. A. A, "Comparative analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of polyester hybrid composites reinforced by jute and glass fiber."Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study on Causes of Cracks & its Preventive Measures in Concrete Structures
  Pooja Nama, Ankush Jain, Rajat Srivastava and Yash Bhatia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The problem of cracking in building is becoming a difficult puzzle for engineers nowadays. Cracking is an unavoidable response of any structure while designers are trying to eliminate many of the causes of cracking and design tolerance for other factors. We all want our building structurally safe but it is not so easy. Some faulty steps during construction and some unavoidable reasons different type of cracks starts to appear on various structural and non- structural parts of the building. So, timely identification of such cracks and adopting preventive measure are essential. The repair materials and repair technique are different depending upon forms of cracks according to their positions in structure. Some types of cracks seriously need attention as they are structurally hazardous. In this paper, we will discuss about the problem engineers are facing i.e. of cracking after construction and what preventive measures should be taken along with the techniques to cure cracks.
Keyword: Cracks, Causes of cracking, Preventive Measures, Techniques.

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Pooja Nama, Ankush Jain, Rajat Srivastava and Yash Bhatia, "Study on Causes of Cracks & its Preventive Measures in Concrete Structures"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Active Anti-Islanding Protection For Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant
  Rose Therese K Jose, Nisha R, Ramesh P, Jiju K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Islanding detection and anti-islanding protection is an important concern in grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system due to utility service personnel and equipment safety. The aim of this paper is to analyse, design, implement and evaluate an active anti-islanding method in solar photovoltaic power plants. Active methods introduce a deliberate disturbance into the system, and monitor the disturbance effect for islanding detection. An active islanding detection method using voltage harmonic injection into the reference modulating signal is proposed in this study. The proposed method is based on injecting small voltage harmonics into the PWM modulator in order to detect the islanding event. The performance of the proposed method has been studied using simulations in POWERSIM platform and the results are presented to highlight the effectiveness of the method.
Keyword: Anti-islanding, Active Anti-islanding, Islanding, PV System, Passive Anti-islanding,Voltage Harmonic Injection.

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Rose Therese K Jose, Nisha R, Ramesh P, Jiju K, "Active Anti-Islanding Protection For Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

• Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa City
  Dr.P.Hari Prasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Municipal Solid Waste management constitutes a serious problem in many third world cities. Most cities do not collect the totality of wastes generated and of the wastes collected, only a fraction received proper disposal. The insufficient collection and inappropriate disposal of solid wastes represent a source of water, land and air pollution and poses risks to human health and the environment.
Over the next several decades globalization, rapid urbanization and economic growth in the developing world tend to further deteriorate this situation.
Items that we no longer need or don't have any further use are falling in the category of waste and we tend to throw them away. In early days people were not facing such big problems of disposals because of availability of space and natural materials but now a day's congestion in cities and use of non-biodegradable materials in our day life create many problems. It is directly deals with our hygiene and psychology. So, proper management of solid waste has become unavoidable.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Projections, Paper, Plastic, Bio-degradable, e-waste.

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Dr.P.Hari Prasad, "Study of Muncipal Solid Waste Management Scenario of Kadapa City"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Rich Internet Web Application Development using Google Web Toolkit
  Niriksha Bhojaraj Kabbin, Sharmila Sequeira
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Web applications in today's world has a great impact on businesses and are popular since they provide business benefits and hugely deployable. Developing such efficient web applications using leading edge web technologies that promise to deliver upgraded user interface, greater scalability and interoperability, improved performance and usability, among different systems is a challenge. Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is one such framework that helps to build Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) that enable fertile development of high performance web applications. This paper puts an effort to provide an effective solution to develop quality web based applications with an added layer of security.
Keywords: GWT, RIAs, Web Application, Interoperability, Performance

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Niriksha Bhojaraj Kabbin, Sharmila Sequeira, "Rich Internet Web Application Development using Google Web Toolkit"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A comparative study for detection and measurement of voltage disturbance in online condition
  Vijay Gajanan Neve, Dr. G.M.Dhole
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Voltage disturbance is the most important power quality problem faced by many industrial customers. It includes voltage sag, swell, spikes and harmonics. Real time detection of these voltage disturbances posed various problems. This paper compares the various methods of detection of voltage sag and swells in real time on the basis of detection time, magnitude, effect of windowing and effect of sampling frequencies. The RMS, Peak, Fourier transform and Missing Voltage algorithm are introduced and discussed in them for real time implementation. Comparative analysis reveals that quantification of voltage sag and swell is possible using these measurements. The main focus is given on to these points and all the voltage sag and swell detection technique tested online with the help of advantech card data acquisition. The voltage sag and swell events are generated by using practical experimentation in laboratory.
Keywords: Power Quality, Voltage Sag, Swell, detection, RMS, Peak, Fourier Transform, Missing Voltage.

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Vijay Gajanan Neve, Dr. G.M.Dhole, "A comparative study for detection and measurement of voltage disturbance in online condition"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of MRR in EDM Process with Different Job Material i.e Stainless Steel and Cast Iron by Taguchi Method
  Dr. D.C. Roy, Ripan Mondal, Mohitosh Mondal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electro discharge machining (EDM) has been recognized as an efficient method of producing dies and machining of hard material such as ceramics and high strength metal matrix composites for the modern metal industry (1). In this process the metal are remove through melting or vaporization of job metal by high frequency spark discharge. Although in this process the metal removal rate is lower than the other non-conventional machining process. But the dimensional accuracy is higher than the other process and more complex shape can be produce generally composite material are fascinated as thy exhibit exceptional mechanical and physical properties such as high strength, high hardness, and high density at elevated temperature. For this extra ordinary behavior it has wide range of application on the metal industries like aerospace, dies or mould making industries, automobiles industries etc. The metal removal rate (M.R.R.) and surface smoothness not only depend on the selection of tool material also depend on the number of input parameter (such-input current, voltage, spindle speed, duty factor, dielectric medium), job metal property (conductivity ,hardness, strength, density etc.),machine condition and machining condition(machine performances, temperature, depth of cut or area of cut etc.). It is most difficult to select machining condition for optimal performances due to large number of parameters and inherent complexity of material removal mechanism taking place in EDM process. In the present work, the experiments were conducted using Taguchi L9 orthogonal approach, to ascertain the effect of EDM process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) of stain less steel and cast iron by using tool material such copper and graphite.
Keywords: MMR, Taguchi orthogonal approach.

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Dr. D.C. Roy, Ripan Mondal, Mohitosh Mondal, "Optimization of MRR in EDM Process with Different Job Material i.e Stainless Steel and Cast Iron by Taguchi Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• ArduinoBased Head GestureControlled Robot UsingWireless Communication
  Saurabh Kandalkar, Pratik Kadam, Prof. A. B. Kadu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the robustness of ardiuno based head movement controlled robot. This robot is controlled using motion sensor which is mounted on the head. In future there is need of robots which can be used to ease the human tasks and interact with the human easily. Our objective is to control the robot using head gesture. Accelerometer is used to detect the direction of head movement. In order to full-fill our requirement a program has been written and executed using a microcontroller system. By observing the results of experimentation our gesture formula is very competent and it's also enhance the natural way of intelligence and also assembled in a simple hardware circuit.
Keywords: Accelerometer, Arduino, Head movement, robot,wireless.

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Saurabh Kandalkar, Pratik Kadam, Prof. A. B. Kadu, "ArduinoBased Head GestureControlled Robot UsingWireless Communication"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review of Use of Nonlocal Spectral – Spatial Structured Sparse Representation for Hyper spectral Imagery Restoration
  Nikhil R. Kumbhar, Pratima P. Gumaste
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Noise reduction may be a vigorous analysis area in image method due to its importance in up the quality of image for object detection and classification. Throughout this paper, we've got a bent to develop a skinny illustration based noise reduction methodology for the hyperspectral imaging , that depends on the thought that the non-noise part in associate discovered signal is sparsely rotten over a redundant lexicon whereas the noise part does not have this property. The foremost contribution of the paper is at intervals the introduction of nonlocal similarity and spectral-spatial structure of hyperspectral imaging into skinny illustration. Non-locality suggests that the self-similarity of image, by that a full image is partitioned into some groups containing similar patches. The similar patches in each cluster unit sparsely delineate with a shared set of atoms throughout a lexicon making true signal and noise extra merely separated. Sparse illustration with spectral-spatial structure can exploit spectral and spatial joint correlations of hyperspectral imaging by victimization 3D blocks rather than 2-D patches for skinny secret writing, which collectively makes true signal and noise extra distinguished. Moreover, hyperspectral imaging has every signal-independent and signal-dependent noises, thus a mixed Poisson and man of science noise model is used. In order to create skinny illustration be insensitive to various noise distribution in numerous blocks, a variance-fitting transformation (VFT) is used to create their variance comparable, the advantages of the projected ways unit valid on every artificial and real hyperspectral remote sensing data sets.
Keyword— VFT – Variance Fitting Transform

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Nikhil R. Kumbhar, Pratima P. Gumaste, "Review of Use of Nonlocal Spectral – Spatial Structured Sparse Representation for Hyper spectral Imagery Restoration"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Omera Invoice (OMERAI) a financial accounting based web application for small to large companies
  Prof. Prajakta Deshpande, Shreya Rajwade, Swapnali Koli, Sonal Wankhede, Bhagyashri Gaikwad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Online Invoice services are a largest growing field now-a-days. This has become most demanding for Product Management. Online Invoice applications available on the web do not meet with all the needs of the customer like providing quotation, creating invoice according to revised income tax policies with discount, project employee management and tracking etc. OMERA is an on-line web application for companies to start invoicing their clients, to show status report of the project and invoice of the work done for timely billing of the employees. This will help project manager for timely billing and corresponding reports. This eliminates the manual calculation of the accountant, to track the product daily sale status and accordingly it will generate the invoice. With this website user can create professional looking invoices with company logo. When user is ready to bill his client, he can simply send invoice via email, download in PDF or print it, Smail with single click. This application is cloud based so it will allow authenticated user to access in-formation from anywhere through internet. Users can easily send and track invoices and also paid advance amount can be deducted. Thus the application will help user meet all his needs and work as per users requirements.
Keyword— Cloud based, Providing quotations and invoices according to revised income tax policies, Send and track invoices

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Prof. Prajakta Deshpande, Shreya Rajwade, Swapnali Koli, Sonal Wankhede, Bhagyashri Gaikwad, "Omera Invoice (OMERAI) a financial accounting based web application for small to large companies"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Intelligent Handwritten Digit Recognition using Artificial Neural Network
  Saeed AL-Mansoori
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to implement a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network to recognize and predict handwritten digits from 0 to 9. A dataset of 5000 samples were obtained from MNIST. The dataset was trained using gradient descent back-propagation algorithm and further tested using the feed-forward algorithm. The system performance is observed by varying the number of hidden units and the number of iterations. The performance was thereafter compared to obtain the network with the optimal parameters. The proposed system predicts the handwritten digits with an overall accuracy of 99.32%.
Keywords: Accuracy, Back-propagation, Feed-forward, Handwritten Digit Recognition, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network, MNIST database.

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Saeed AL-Mansoori, "Intelligent Handwritten Digit Recognition using Artificial Neural Network"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Speed Synchronization of Multiple Bldcmotors In Textile &Paper Mills Using Micro Controller
  Ankur Shukla, Ankit Kumar, Anil Kumar Rajak,Vivek Kumar Singh, Santhosh S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Multiple motor setup has vast application in industries. The application can be in textile mills, paper mills and robotics. In these all application the synchronization is must between the motors to perform certain task. Speed synchronization is very essential in these all operation to avoid damage to the product. The synchronization is done by using microcontroller chip which controls the master slave whose speed is followed by the other motors which all have to be synchronized.
Index terms: Speed synchronization, textile mills, paper mills,microcontroller chip, master slave.

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Ankur Shukla, Ankit Kumar, Anil Kumar Rajak,Vivek Kumar Singh, Santhosh S, "Speed Synchronization of Multiple Bldcmotors In Textile &Paper Mills Using Micro Controller"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor
  Abhishek Garg, Arun Singh Tomar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This Paper Presents The Starting Time Calculation For A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. The Importance Of Starting Time Lies In Determining The Duration Of Large Current, Which Flows During The Starting Of An Induction Motor. Normally, The Starting Current Of An Induction Motor Is Six To Eight Time Of Full Load Current. Plenty Of Methods Have Been Discovered To Start Motor In A Quick Time, But Due To Un-Economic Nature, Use Are Limited. Hence, For Large Motors Direct Online Starting Is Most Popular Amongst All Due To Its Economic And Feasible Nature. But Large Current With Dol Starting Results In A Heavy Potential Drop In The Power System. Thus, Special Care And Attention Is Required In Order To Design A Healthy System. A Very Simple Method To Calculate The Starting Time Of Motor Is Proposed In This Paper. Respective Simulation Study Has Been Carried Out Using Matlab 7.8.0 Environment, Which Demonstrates The
Index Terms: Induction Motor, Starting Time, Direct Online Starting

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Abhishek Garg, Arun Singh Tomar, "Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Reducing Area & Power Overhead In Design of Light Weight Sensor For Detection of Reclcled ICS
  R.Prabakaran, B.Prabhakaran
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The counterfeiting and recycling of integrated circuits (ICs) have become major issues in recent years, potentially impacting the security and reliability of electronic systems bound for military, financial, or other critical applications. With identical functionality and packaging, it would be extremely difficult to distinguish recycled ICs from unused ICs. In the existing Ring Oscillator (RO) based sensor with 90nm technology test chip shows the effective detection of recycled ICs. The impact of RO based sensor is that, it is difficult to identify recycled ICs used shorter than one month and it requires more power and area overhead. To provide a solution to the existing system, Clock Anti fuses (CAF) based sensor is implemented to enhance the effective recognition of recycled ICs even if the IC used for a very short period. MAF is implemented in FPGA to verify its effectiveness.
Keywords: Counterfeiting; Hardware security; MAF;Recycled ICs.

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R.Prabakaran, B.Prabhakaran, "Reducing Area & Power Overhead In Design of Light Weight Sensor For Detection of Reclcled ICS"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Comparative Study of Gray Model and Markov Model in Pavement Performance Prediction
  YANG Xiaoye, LI Chunge, DUAN Xiaolan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pavement performance prediction is an essential component of pavement maintenance management system, which directly affects the choice of maintenance measures and funds. Firstly, this paper uses the Gray theoretical model to predict the status of certain highway pavement damaged. Secondly, the Grey theory and Markov prediction method are combined to forecast it. Finally, the comparison of the results between Grey theory and Markov prediction method analyzes the similarities and differences .The results show that Grey theoretical model is more suitable for recent forecasting, while combination method is suitable for longer-term forecasting
Keywords: gray prediction model，Markov prediction model，pavement condition index

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YANG Xiaoye, LI Chunge, DUAN Xiaolan, "The Comparative Study of Gray Model and Markov Model in Pavement Performance Prediction"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Generalized Laplace - Mellin Integral Transformation
  Mrs. Mampi Saha and Dr.M.M.P.Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main propose of this paper is to generalized Laplace-Mellin Integral Transformation in between the positive regions of real axis. We have derived some new properties and theorems .And give selected tables for Laplace-Mellin Integral Transformation.

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Mrs. Mampi Saha and Dr.M.M.P.Singh, "Generalized Laplace - Mellin Integral Transformation"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Pressure Vessel Optimization a Fuzzy Approach
  Mr. Uday V. Aswalekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Optimization has become a significant area of development, both in research and for practicing design engineers. In this work here for optimization of air receiver tank, of reciprocating air compressor, the sequential linear programming method is being used. The capacity of tank is considered as optimization constraint. Conventional dimension of the tank are utilized as reference for defining range. Inequality constraints such as different design stresses for different parts of tank are determined and suitable values are selected. Algorithm is prepared and conventional SLP is done in MATLAB Software with C++ interface toget optimized dimension of tank. The conventional SLP is modified by introducing fuzzy heuristics and the relevant algorithm is prepared. Fuzzy based sequential linear programming is prepared and executed in MATLAB Software using fuzzy toolbox and optimization tool box and corresponding dimension are obtained. After comparison FSLP with SLP it is observed that FSLP is easier in execution.
Keywords: Fuzzy, Matlab, SLP, FSLP, Stress, Strain, Optimization.

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Mr. Uday V. Aswalekar, "Pressure Vessel Optimization a Fuzzy Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Air cooling effect of fins on a Honda shine bike
  Padhiyar Abhesinh J, Vasim G Machhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main of aim of this work is to study various researches done in past to improve heat transfer rate of cooling fins by changing cylinder block fin geometry. Low rate of heat transfer through cooling fins is the main problem in this type of cooling. So efficiency of the engine is increase by increase the heat transfer. Examples of direct air cooling in modern automobiles are rare. The most common example is the commercials Automobile bike like a Honda Shine, Bajaj bike, Honda splendor etc.
It is conclude about shape try to this fins is more effectively heat transfer in Honda shine bike compare to existing fins. After FEA Analysis it checking on fin whether efficiency of heat transfer increases or not. This work validation with Experimental and Mathematical.
Keywords: Fins, Heat transfer rate, Air contact area, FEA, PRO-ENGINEERING, ANSYS

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Padhiyar Abhesinh J, Vasim G Machhar, "Air cooling effect of fins on a Honda shine bike"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)
  Surya Pratap Singh,Vikas Kumar Mishra, Hemant Kumar Singh, Dravin Kumar Dev, Dileep Kumar Singh, Md. Arif Ansari, Mr. V.K. Srivastava, Prof. Alak Roy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The motive of undertaking this project of "Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)" is to study and evaluate the performance in real design and working conditions of the rural road flexible pavement with IRC:37-2001 and IRC:SP:20-2002. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the traffic volume on the top surface of the B.I.T. Driveway. Rural connectivity is taken as one of the major component in increasing the agricultural output and earning capacity of the rural population. There is a marked improvement in quality of life by way of better educational facilities, improved health services, improved

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Surya Pratap Singh,Vikas Kumar Mishra, Hemant Kumar Singh, Dravin Kumar Dev, Dileep Kumar Singh, Md. Arif Ansari, Mr. V.K. Srivastava, Prof. Alak Roy, "Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Present E-waste Handling and Disposal Scenario in India: Planning for Future Management
  Dipsikha Dasgupta, Anupam Debsarkar, Debankur Chatterjee, Amitava Gangopadhyay and Debashis Chatterjee
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In developing country like India E-waste management is being reckoned as a challenging task due to unplanned discarding of E-waste along with municipal solid waste. A "systematic & scientific" trade chain of E-waste is essential to manage the present scenario both in terms of environmental protection and health perspective. The prevalence of informal E-waste handling in India has put forward several issues of concern (metals, plastic, informal recycling) that need to be addressed to protect environment and human health. One of the important aspects of current informal handling of E-waste is its recycling to minimize exposure level. However, it needs skillful protocol (formal handling) to ensure the implementation of policy. Legal frame work is another essential part that will also help in E-waste management even in grass root level. A comprehensive E-waste management plan is also needed to improve disposal practice (recycling, landfill, and reuse) to reduce the magnitude of exposure notably toxic metals and flame retardants. A multistage approach has been recommended as per policy guideline for the trade chain practionners which will provide benefits to control exposure as well as environmental risk.
Keyword: E-waste management, trade chain, recycling, legal frame work, management plan

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Dipsikha Dasgupta, Anupam Debsarkar, Debankur Chatterjee, Amitava Gangopadhyay and Debashis Chatterjee, "Present E-waste Handling and Disposal Scenario in India: Planning for Future Management"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Land Use And Land Cover Change Detection In Lalgudi Block Tiruchirappalli District Using Remote Sensing And Gis
  Dr.S.Balaselvakumar, P.Sujatha and A. Ilanthirayan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]
Abstract:

In this paper an attempt has been to mapping the land use and land cover change detection in Lalgudi block Tiruchirappalli district using remote sensing and Gis. In 1990,2000, and 2010 in the nineteen year period the aerial distribution of the land use and land cover has been presented in percentage wise given in the table. This Lalgudi block has been area of (272.2 sq.km). The area under investigation lies between the long 78o 45' E to 78o 55' E and Lat 10o 50' to 11o 55' N. This area has a multi various land use. Such land use has been identified and the area has been calculated, the land under use agriculture land, built-up land, Fallow land, Natural vegetation, river sand, water bodies, and scrub without scrub land. In this block totally 53 villages. Each land use and land cover positively and negatively has been changes in this year. 1990, 2000, and 2010. The changes have been under the discussed below.
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Dr.S.Balaselvakumar, P.Sujatha and A. Ilanthirayan, "Land Use And Land Cover Change Detection In Lalgudi Block Tiruchirappalli District Using Remote Sensing And Gis"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on logistical performance
  José Geraldo Vidal Vieira, Ricardo Coser Mergulhão
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research assesses the effect of buyer-supplier collaboration on logistical performance by considering sustainable criteria. The paper presents the results of a survey with 124 respondents of the Brazilian organizations to understand the relationship among Third-Party Logistical (3PL), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry and Carriers. The results disclose that elements of logistical collaboration (interpersonal, tactical and strategic) exert positive influence in logistical performance (reliability, transport and risk). The interpersonal and strategic collaboration indices positively influence the reliability, which performs the highest-level performance index.
Keyword: Buyer-supplier relationship, Collaboration, Logistical performance, Supplier selection, Sustainable criteria

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José Geraldo Vidal Vieira, Ricardo Coser Mergulhão, "Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on logistical performance"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Feedback Linearization Controller Of The Delta WingRock Phenomena
  Mohammed Alkandari, Mohammed Alhamdan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This project deals with the control of the wing rock phenomena of a delta wing aircraft. a control schemeis proposed to stabilize the system. The controlleris a feedback linearization controller. It is shown that the proposed control scheme guarantee the asymptotic convergence to zero of all the states of the system. To illustrate the performance of the proposed controller, simulation results are presented and discussed. It is found that the proposed control scheme work well for the wing rock phenomena of a delta wing aircraft.
Keyword: Wing Rock, Nonlinear Control of Wing Rock, Feedback Control

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Mohammed Alkandari, Mohammed Alhamdan, "Feedback Linearization Controller Of The Delta WingRock Phenomena"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Backstepping linearization controller of the Delta Wing Rock Phenomena
  Mohammad Alhamdan, Mohammed Alkandari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper deals with the control of the wing rock phenomena of a delta wing aircraft. A control technique is proposed to stabilize the system. The controller is a BACKSTEPPING controller. It is appeared that the proposed solution of control guarantee the asymptotic convergence to zero of all the states of the system. To show the performance of the proposed controller, simulation results are presented and discussed. It is found that the control scheme work well for the wing rock phenomena of a delta wing aircraft.
Keyword: Wing Rock, Nonlinear Control of Wing Rock, Back stepping Control

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Mohammad Alhamdan, Mohammed Alkandari, "Backstepping linearization controller of the Delta Wing Rock Phenomena"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation Of Hydrogen Production By Using Composite Membrane (Nafion/Zro2)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyser
  E.L.Santhi priya, V.Himabindu, Y.Anjaneyulub, Dr. V.Himabindu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present study, Composite materials based on perfluorinated cation-exchange membrane incorporating particles of Zirconium and Nafion is synthesized .With this membrane the performance of the electrolysis cell improved considerably at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In addition, by using catalysts and membranes, the performance of this Composite membrane is studied by varying voltage range with respect to hydrogen yield and at current density 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5(A cm^-2), With a Nafion 115 membrane as a reference electrolyte. Experiments have shown that 99.9% purity of hydrogen Gas is evolved The physicochemical properties of the composite membranes such as thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyand and Ion Exchange Capacity is determined. The fabricated composite membranes have shown the significant improvement of all tested properties compared to that of pure Nafion membrane.
Keyword: catalysts, Composite membrane, Hydrogen, PEM water Electrolyser, ZrO2.

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E.L.Santhi priya, V.Himabindu, Y.Anjaneyulub, Dr. V.Himabindu, "Investigation Of Hydrogen Production By Using Composite Membrane (Nafion/Zro2)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyser"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Doping of MLGNR on Propagation Delay of a Driver-Interconnect-Load system
  Praggya Agnihotry, R.P.Agarwal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays multi layer GNR (MLGNR) is used in nano scale VLSI interconnection. In this research paper study has been done on two variants of MLGNR, one neutral MLGNR (means with no doping) and second intercalated doped MLGNR, in terms of propagation delay. The test circuit which has been used to check the propagation delay is a Driver-interconnect-load system which is using CMOS, short gate (SG) FinFET, independent gate (IG) FinFET, and low power (LP) FinFET as driver and load circuits at 16 nm.
Keyword: CMOS , Driver-interconnect-load system , FinFET , Multi layer GNR.

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Praggya Agnihotry, R.P.Agarwal, "Effect of Doping of MLGNR on Propagation Delay of a Driver-Interconnect-Load system"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-4

• Optimal Power Flow With UPFC Using Fuzzy- PSO With Non-Smooth Fuel Cost Function
  A.Immanuel, Dr.Ch.Chengaiah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents an efficient and reliable evolutionary based approach to solve the Optimal Power Flow problem in electrical power network. The Particle Swarm Optimization method is used to solve optimal power Flow problem in power system by incorporating a powerful and most versatile Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems device such as Unified power Flow Controller. It is a new device in FACTS family and has great flexibility that can control Active power, Reactive power and voltage magnitudes simultaneously. In this paper optimal location is find out using Fuzzy approach and control settings of UPFC are determined by PSO. The proposed approach is examined on IEEE-30 bus system with different objective function that reflects fuel cost minimization and fuel cost with valve point effects. The test results show the effectiveness of robustness of the proposed approachcompared with the existing results in the literature.
Keywords: OPF, particle swarm Optimization, UPFC, Fuel cost, L-Index, Fuel cost with valve point loading effects.

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A.Immanuel, Dr.Ch.Chengaiah , "Optimal Power Flow With UPFC Using Fuzzy- PSO With Non-Smooth Fuel Cost Function"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Stability Control of an Autonomous Quadcopter through PID Control Law
  Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Daniel de Castro Ribeiro Resende, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the recent years the world has seen a astonishing ascendance of non tripulated vehicles, and among these is the quadrotors aircrafts or quadcopters. These types of aircraft have been of particular interest due to its easy maneuverability in closed and open spaces and somewhat simplified dynamics. In these paper is presented an first attempt in the built model, to control the 4 DOF(Degrees of freedom) of an soon to be autonomous quadcopter through PID law in an controlled environment.
Keywords: Quadcopter, PID law, Autonomous flight

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Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Daniel de Castro Ribeiro Resende, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães , "Stability Control of an Autonomous Quadcopter through PID Control Law"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Square Shaped Miniaturized Split Ring Resonators
  Najuka Hadkar, Santosh Jagtap
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Microwaves are constantly experiencing changes for many years. Microwave circuits use microstrip lines because it allows easy integration of active and passive surface mount components and it is less costly. In addition to a large number of benefits, microstrip lines have some disadvantages such as narrow-band loss, interference and low efficiency. To overcome the disadvantages, metamaterials are introduced. The proposed work shows various concentric U-shaped multi-split ring resonators(SRRs) metamaterial structures with & without broadside coupling. As compared to the conventional split ring resonators , broadside coupled resonators shows decrease in the LC resonance frequency and provide an electrically small and easy-to-fabricate alternative to the present multi-band metamaterial structures. The multi-band magnetic resonator topologies are simulated using CST Microwave Studio (MWS) to compute and compare their electrical sizes. Different types of U-shaped structures with inner and outer rings of SRR are used to realize transmission spectra, resonant frequencies and electrical sizes. This topology has the flexibility of adjusting the resonance frequencies by changing the design parameters such as the gap width, metal width and inter-ring distances. The broadside-coupled multiple U-Shaped magnetic resonator topology is considered to be a useful contribution to multi-band metamaterial research applications.
Keywords: Broadside coupled, CST MWS, Electrical sizes, Metamaterials, Multiband Characteristics, Split Ring Resonators.

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Najuka Hadkar, Santosh Jagtap , "Design of Square Shaped Miniaturized Split Ring Resonators"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Centrality Prediction in Mobile Social Networks
  Poria Pirozmand, Guowei Wu, Xinjiao Li
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

By analyzing evolving centrality roles using time dependent graphs, researchers may predict future centrality values. This may prove invaluable in designing efficient routing and energy saving strategies and have profound implications on evolving social behavior in dynamic social networks. In this paper, we propose a new method to predict centrality values of nodes in a dynamic environment. The proposed method is based on calculating the correlation between current and past measure of centrality for each corresponding node, which is used to form a composite vector to represent the given state of centralities. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulated predictions on data sets from real mobile networks. Results indicate significantly low prediction error rate occurs, with a suitable implementation of the proposed method.
Keywords: dynamic networks, centrality prediction, social networks, mobile networks

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Poria Pirozmand, Guowei Wu, Xinjiao Li , "Centrality Prediction in Mobile Social Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structural Analysis of a wing box
  Layston Ferroni Soares, Estêvão Guimarães Lapa, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Junior, Bruno Daniel Pignolati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The structural analysis is an important tool that allows the research for weight reduction, the choose of the best materials and to satisfy specifications and requirements. In an aircraft's design, several analyzes are made to prove that this aircraft will stand the set of maneuvers that it was designed to accomplish. This work will consider the preliminar project of an aircraft seeking to check the behavior of the wing under certain loading conditions in the flight envelope.To get to this load set, it has been done all the process of specification of an aircraft, such as mission definition, calculation of weight and c.g. envelope, definition of the geometric characteristics of the aircraft, the airfoil choice, preliminary performance equations, aerodynamic coefficients and the aircraft's balancing for the equilibrium condition, but such things will not be considered in this article. For the structural analysis of the wing will be considered an arbitrary flight condition, disregarding the effect of gusts loads. With the acquisition of the items mentioned, the main forces acting on the wing structure and their equations will be calculated. The use of finite element method will enable the application of loads obtained just as the development of a method of calculation, along with the construction of a three-dimensional model that represents a chosen condition. The results will be discussed in order to explain the influence of the applied loads in the structural behavior of the wing principal structure.
Keywords: Structural analysis, finite element and wing.

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Layston Ferroni Soares, Estêvão Guimarães Lapa, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Junior, Bruno Daniel Pignolati , "Structural Analysis of a wing box"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Biodiesel production from neem oil –an alternate approach
  B. Karunanithi, Kelmy Thomas Maria
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this study, neem oil which is one of the abundant non-edible oils in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and bangladesh is used for biodiesel production. The conventional 2-step transesterification production of biodiesel using sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide as catalysts is carried out. The optimum process parameters like reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading and methanol-oil molar ratio were investigated with respect to maximum yield. A maximum yield of 88% biodiesel is obtained via this method. A novel technique to produce biodiesel via complete hydrolysis followed by acid esterification is developed. Optimum reaction conditions were found to be 100ml 0.5N sulphuric acid loading, reaction temperature of 40ºC and reaction time of 2 hours. This resulted in a maximum FFA of 82%. Then acid esterification was carried out at the following reaction conditions of 0.55:1 v/v methanol-oil-ratio, 0.5% v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst loading, 50˚C and 4 hours reaction time. A maximum biodiesel yield of 92% was obtained by this method. The viscosity of biodiesel produced by this method as well as the other physicochemical properties, were found to be in compliance with international standard.
Keyword— Acid value, esterification, hydrolysis, transesterification, vegetable oil

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B. Karunanithi, Kelmy Thomas Maria , "Biodiesel production from neem oil –an alternate approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Rainfall Prediction using Data-Core Based Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network for Classification
  Rajendra Palange, Nishikant Pachpute, Snehal Pandharbale, Shubham Gupta, Dr. Mrs. Swati Shinde
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes the Rainfall Prediction System by using classification technique. The advanced and modified neural network called Data Core Based Fuzzy Min Max Neural Network (DCFMNN) is used for pattern classification. This classification method is applied to predict Rainfall. The neural network called fuzzy min max neural network (FMNN) that creates hyperboxes for classification and predication, has a problem of overlapping neurons that resoled in DCFMNN to give greater accuracy. This system is composed of forming of hyperboxes, and two kinds of neurons called as Overlapping Neurons and Classifying neurons, and classification used for prediction. For each kind of hyperbox its data core and geometric center of data is calculated. The advantage of this method is it gives high accuracy and strong robustness. According to evaluation results we can say that this system gives better prediction of rainfall and classification tool in real environment.
Keyword— Classifying and overlapping neuron, Data core based fuzzy min max neural network, geometric center, rainfall prediction and classification.

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Rajendra Palange, Nishikant Pachpute, Snehal Pandharbale, Shubham Gupta, Dr. Mrs. Swati Shinde , "Rainfall Prediction using Data-Core Based Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network for Classification"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Tuning PID Controller Parameters for Load Frequency Control Considering System Uncertainties
  B.RaviKumar, G.Ashok, B.SivaPrasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, parameters of PID controller and bias coefficient for Load Frequency Control (LFC) are designed using a new approach. In the proposed method, the power system uncertainties and nonlinear limitations of governors and turbines ,i.e. Valve Speed Limit (VSL)and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), are taken into account in designing. Variations of uncertain parameters are considered between -40% and +40% of nominal values with 5% step .In order to design the proposed PID controller ,a new objective function is defined. MATLAB codes are developed for GA based PID controller tuning, the results of which are used to study the system step response. All these are through in Simulink based background.
Keywords: Load frequency control; PID controller; ACE; Power system control; genetic algorithm

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B.RaviKumar, G.Ashok, B.SivaPrasad , "Tuning PID Controller Parameters for Load Frequency Control Considering System Uncertainties"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structural, elastic and electronic properties of 2H- and 4H-SiC
  Md. Nuruzzaman, M. Ariful Islam, M. Ashraful Alam, M. A. Hadi Shah, A. M. M. Tanveer Karim
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The structural, five different elastic constants and electronic properties of 2H- and 4H-Silicon carbide (SiC) are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The total energies of primitive cells of 2H- and 4H-SiC phases are close to each other and moreover satisfy the condition E2H >E4H. Thus, the 4H-SiC structure appears to be more stable than the 2H- one. The analysis of elastic properties also indicates that the 4H-SiC polytype is stiffer than the 2H structures. The electronic energy bands, the total density of states (DOS) are calculated. The fully relaxed and isotropic bulk modulus is also estimated. The implication of the comparison of our results with the existing experimental and theoretical studies is made.
Key words: Elastic constants, Electronic structures, Structural parameters

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Md. Nuruzzaman, M. Ariful Islam, M. Ashraful Alam, M. A. Hadi Shah, A. M. M. Tanveer Karim , "Structural, elastic and electronic properties of 2H- and 4H-SiC"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Experimental Investigations on the Engine Performance and Characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Using Dual Bio – Fuel Methyl Ester As Alternate Fuel With Exhaust Gas Recirculation
  Inturi Vamsi, Dr. C.V. Subba Rao, M. Indra Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Petroleum products and resources are limited and their consumption is increasing very fast with globalization and high technology development since last decade. The emissions from the petroleum products polluting the environment considerably. Bio-fuels can be produced from diverse sources, which are subject to local geography, topology and climatology. Hence, every nation will have its own choice of a source. Duel bio-fuel represents an untapped resource of energy easily available in India. This study investigates the potential substitution of duel bio-fuel methyl ester blends for diesel as fuel for automobiles and other industrial purposes. This study is concerned with the analysis of the performance and emission characteristics of the duel bio-fuel methyl esters and comparing with petroleum diesel. The fuels used were neat methyl ester, diesel and different blends of the methyl ester with diesel. The tests were carried out on a 4.4 KW, single cylinder, direct injection, air-cooled diesel engine. The fuels used were neat duel bio-fuel methyl ester, diesel and different blends of the methyl ester with diesel. The experimental result shows that 20% of blend shows better performance with reduced pollution. This analysis shows that duel bio-fuel methyl ester and its blends are a potential substitute for diesel.
Key words: Dual biofuel methyl ester,CI engine, exhaust gas recirculation, Animal Palm Diesel (APD)

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Inturi Vamsi, Dr. C.V. Subba Rao, M. Indra Reddy , "Experimental Investigations on the Engine Performance and Characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Using Dual Bio – Fuel Methyl Ester As Alternate Fuel With Exhaust Gas Recirculation"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A survey on sentence fusion techniques of abstractive text summarization
  R.V.V Muralikrishna, Dr. Ch Satyananda Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Sentence fusion is one of the tasks of automatic text summarization that has wide spread applications in the field of computer science. It is currently used in automatic text summarization and question answering systems. It is also used in natural language generation systems in the name of sentence aggregation. The task of sentence fusion poses various challenges like deciding whether two sentences can be combined or not, which part of a sentence should be selected for combination, how these parts can be combined and how to fit the combinations in a grammatically correct sentence structure. In this paper we discuss about the research done on sentence fusion and various challenges that are yet to be met.
Index Terms: Automatic text summarization, Abstractive text summarization, Natural language processing, Sentence fusion.

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R.V.V Muralikrishna, Dr. Ch Satyananda Reddy , "A survey on sentence fusion techniques of abstractive text summarization"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Kalman filter for Airborne Applications
  Ashwini Jagtap, Amrita Agashe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today multiple multi-sensor airborne surveillance systems are available which comprises of primary radar and secondary surveillance radar as the active sensor on board. The electronics and communication support measure system (ECSMS) will aid in identification, detection and classification of targets. These systems will detect, identify, classify the different threats present in the surveillance area and supports defense operation. These systems contain multiple functional operations as detection of air borne and surface target, tracking, and Multisensor data fusion. This paper presents the multi-sensor data fusion technique and how to detect and track moving target in the surveillance area.
Keywords: Detection, Tracking, Multi-sensor Data fusion

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Ashwini Jagtap, Amrita Agashe , "Design of Kalman filter for Airborne Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Version-5

• Boosting Solar Efficiency
  Konika Gera, Jaskaran Singh Grewal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar energy being most common form of renewable energy fails to hold its use in daily life because of its low efficiency and high maintenance costs. However, these short comings can be fought by using the electrostatic mechanism. In this, we charge the dust particles such that they are repelled by the solar panel itself and then removed. This mechanism is relatively cheaper and the power consumption of the same sums to almost zero. Also, efficiency can further be increased by using perovskites that forms an opaque layer over the solar panel. When both of these methods are used as a single hand, the efficiency increases drastically and can be easily employed in mega industries using mega solar panels.
Keywords: High efficiency, low maintenance cost, electrostatic force, dust particles, perovskites, solar panels

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Konika Gera, Jaskaran Singh Grewal, "Boosting Solar Efficiency"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Heat Conduction Model of a Cold Storage with Puf & Eps Insulation Using Taguchi Methodology
  Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Bodhisattwa Maity
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this project work a mathematical heat conduction model of a cold storage (with the help of computer program; and multiple regression analysis) has been proposed which can be used for further development of cold storages in the upcoming future. In cold storage refrigeration system brings down the temperature initially during start up but thermal insulation maintains the temperature later on continuously. In this view, the simple methodology is presented to calculate heat transfer by analytical method also attempt has been made to minimize the energy consumption by replacing 150 mm Expanded polystyrene (EPS) by 100 mm Poly Urethane foam (PUF) insulation. The methodology is validated against actual data obtained from Penguin cold storage situated in Pune, India. Insulation thickness of the side walls (TW), area of the wall (AW), and insulation thickness of the roof (TR) have been chosen as predictor variables of the study.
Keywords: Cold storage refrigeration plant, cold storage insulation, EPS, PUF.

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Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Bodhisattwa Maity, "Comparative Heat Conduction Model of a Cold Storage with Puf & Eps Insulation Using Taguchi Methodology"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Study Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Macadam
  Luo Zhenshuai, Wang Shipeng
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As a new material, the researches on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam are also less. This article studies the effect of different volume fraction of fiber length on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of cement stabilized macadam.To promote polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam's
Keywords: cement, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, engineering application , compressive strength.

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Luo Zhenshuai, Wang Shipeng, "The Study Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Macadam"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications
  Prasanna Kumar L, Ashok S, Arun Kumar N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An ASIC design of Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector(DET PD) for Delay locked loop(DLL) and Phase locked loop(PLL) applications is proposed in this paper.The proposed DET PD has high locking speed and less jitter. The designs are based on TSPC flip flop logic, which overcomes the issue of narrow capture range. The Double edge triggered phase detector dissipates less power than conventional designs and can be operated at a frequency range of 250MHz to 1GHz.The proposed DET-PD is designed using 180nm CMOS process technology at a 1.8V supply voltage in cadence virtuoso and circuit simulated in cadence spectre.
Keywords: ASIC, DLL, DET PD,TSPC

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Prasanna Kumar L, Ashok S, Arun Kumar N, "Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Proof collection from car black box using smart phone for accident detection
  Divyashree K, Likhithesh M D, Arpitha M, Madan Raj K S, Raghu S,Vinay Kumar S B
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

According to the WHO, more than a million people in the world die each year because of vehicle accidents. In order to react to this situation, the black box concept is used as first step to solve the problem[1]. In order to overcome from this problem, in this paper we are trying to implement the concept of "black box" in the car. Car black box is a device used to record the information's such as engine temperature, presence of obstacle, alcohol content and exact location of the accident about the vehicle. Along with this we are using smartphone to get the snap shots which are related to accidents and finally send this information along with the snaps to police sever.
Keywords: Black box, GSM, P89V51RD2 microcontroller, Smartphone, Accident

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Divyashree K, Likhithesh M D, Arpitha M, Madan Raj K S, Raghu S,Vinay Kumar S B, "Proof collection from car black box using smart phone for accident detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey on Vertical Handover Decision Framework In Heterogenious Wireless Networks
  Narayana Srivyshnavi, R.China Appala Naidu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The wireless network of future will consists different radio access technologies. The transfer of mobile terminal from one point to another point in an active communication needs a handover decision. Due to which vertical handover decision will be a priority. The vertical handover decision can be based on different criteria such as bandwidth, signal strength, cost etc., in order for network selection decision we use two algorithms such as customer surplus value and fuzzy selection algorithm. Our goal is to develop a framework for efficient simulation of VHO selection algorithm .This situation is on OmneT++ in various wireless networks.
Keyword— Handover decision, Bandwidth, Signal Strength, Customer surplus value, Fuzzy selection.

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Narayana Srivyshnavi, R.China Appala Naidu, "A Survey on Vertical Handover Decision Framework In Heterogenious Wireless Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloading In Mobile Cloud Computing
  S.Rathnapriya, S. Sumithra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The recent advancement in cloud computing in cloud computing is leading to and excessive growth of the mobile devices that can become powerful means for the information access and mobile applications. This introducing a latent technology called Mobile cloud computing. Smart phone device supports wide range of mobile applications which require high computational power, memory, storage and energy but these resources are limited in number so act as constraints in smart phone devices. With the integration of cloud computing and mobile applications it is possible to overcome these constraints by offloading the complex modules on cloud. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation offloading: sending heavy computations to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade.
Keyword— Cloud computing, Complex modules, Execution offloading ,Mobile computing, Smart Phones.

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S.Rathnapriya, S. Sumithra, "Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloadig In Mobile Cloud Computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys and Optimization of Welding Parameters for Maximum Tensile Strength
  Prof. S. K. Aditya, Mr. Abhijit Datta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an innovative technique to join metals in the plastic state thus not reaching the liquid state as it happen in traditional welding processes. This feature of the FSW proved that a modification can be done on the fatigue behavior and strength of the welding joints so, some of the leading companies to adopted the process for the manufacturing of Automotive, Locomotive, Shipping & Aerospace. The FSW is a variant of the linear friction welding process in which the material is being welded without bulk melting. The FSW parameters such as tool Rotational speed, Welding speed, Axial Force, Tool tilt angle, Welding Tool Shoulder Diameter, and Welded Plate thickness play a major role in determining the properties like Tensile strength, hardness, residual stress, HAZ etc. of the joints.
Keywords: FSW, Aluminium Alloys, Tensile Strength.

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Prof. S. K. Aditya, Mr. Abhijit Datta, "Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys and Optimization of Welding Parameters for Maximum Tensile Strength"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Efficient Safety Culture as Sustainable Development in Construction Industry
  Otti. V. I, Nwolum F. C, DanNwafor K, Ezechukwu M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper focuses on precaution necessary to prevent avoidable accidents in the construction industries, important water development, building and roads construction in Nigeria. Moreover, appreciate the need for a safe working environment but also precaution necessary for hitch-free operation.
Keyword: safety, health, environment, construction, sustainable development.

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Otti. V. I, Nwolum F. C, DanNwafor K, Ezechukwu M, "Efficient Safety Culture as Sustainable Development in Construction Industry"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking system
  Sirigauri N, Raghav S, Nikhil R, Mounik D Rupani, Asst. Prof Vanishree G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar energy is a promising technology that can have huge long term benefits. Solar cells convert the solar energy into electrical energy. Solar tracking system is the most suited technology to improve the efficiency and enhance the performance by utilizing maximum solar energy through the solar cell. In hardware development we utilize LDR's as sensors and two servomotors to direct the position of the solar panel. The software part is implemented on a code written using an Arduino Uno controller.
Index Terms: LDR, Servomotor, Arduino Uno, Charge controller.

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Sirigauri N, Raghav S, Nikhil R, Mounik D Rupani, Asst. Prof Vanishree G, "Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking system"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Low Power Sequential System Using Multi Bit FLIP-FLOP With Data Driven Clock Gating
  Poomalai M, Gopal B G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power reduction plays a vital role in VLSI design .The Data driven clock gating is used for reduce power consumption in synchronous circuits .Common clock gating is used for power saving. However clock gating still leaves larger amount of redundant clock pulses. Multibit flip-flop is also used to reduce power consumption .Using of Multibit Flip-Flop method is to eliminate the total inverter number by sharing the inverters in the flip-flop .Combination of Multibit Flip-Flop with Data driven clock gating will increase the further power saving. Xilinx software tool and quatrus II for power analysis is used for implementing this proposed system.

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Poomalai M, Gopal B G, "Design of Low Power Sequential System Using Multi Bit FLIP-FLOP With Data Driven Clock Gating"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Hardware realization of Stereo camera and associated embedded system
  Shilpa V. Ingale, Sunil Tamhankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Stereo camera has two lenses about the same distance apart as human eyes with a separate image sensor for each lenses. This allows the camera to simulate human binocular vision, and therefore gives it ability to capture three dimensional images. It detects depth information of the subject which allows user to capture image that are instantly rendered in 3D. Stereo cameras are also required in stereo vision, a ranging method which finds its application in almost every field. Still stereo 3D hasn't yet become a standard because of technical problems, including agronomy issues, cost, and lack of hardware and software standards. Due to above reasons, it is important to achieve the low cost and standard hardware for 3D vision for which a novel architecture of a stereo camera is required. This paper proposes to provide low cost solution to stereo cameras as cameras can be designed as per requirement and mainly focuses on the processing of sensor raw image data.
Keywords: Stereo camera, Stereo Vision, Field programable gate array, white balance, demosaicing, denoising.

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Shilpa V. Ingale, Sunil Tamhankar, "Hardware realization of Stereo camera and associated embedded system"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Implementation Of Packet Switched Network Based RKT-NoC on FPGA
  Vijayalaxmi B Patil, Sadhana Choudhary, Hashmathunnisa Begum
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this Paper we proposed a new network on chip that handles accurate localization of the faulty parts of NoC. The proposed NoC is based on new error detection mechanism and modified xy routing algorithm. Error detection mechanism suitable for dynamic NoCs, where the number and position of the processor elements or faulty blocks vary during run time. This paper also presents a modified xy routing algorithm combined with a scheduler to be used on NoCs.This proposed method is fast way to transferring data via specific path between two nodes in the network and the scheduler further helps to avoid collision. More latency and fewer throughputs are obtained with contentation in network. As mesh size increases latency and throughputs increases accordingly. The proposed design implemented in SPARTAN III FPGA by using Xilinx ISE13.4and simulated in Questa sim 10.0b.
Keywords: Network on Chip, Modified xy Routing algorithm, Dynamic Reconfiguration

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Vijayalaxmi B Patil, Sadhana Choudhary, Hashmathunnisa Begum, "Design and Implementation Of Packet Switched Network Based RKT-NoC on FPGA"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Performances of Spectral Based Approaches on Fabric Defect Detection
  Hasan GÜLER, Gökben ZOR, MahitGÜNEŞ
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, it is aimed to compare the performance of spectral based fault detection methods in quality control by testing on the same environment. The most widely used spectral based approaches as Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, Gabor Transform were used to extract features of the faulty fabric samples. By using statistical functions feature selection was done so huge dimensionality of features was decreased. The selected features are taken as inputs for feed-forward network (with the back propagation algorithm) to classify faulty fabrics in categories; weft, wrap and oil. All computations were performed in Matlab program so as to satisfy all conditions as the same. The analyses' results show the Wavelet transform in terms of classification for three type defects was more efficient than the others, on other hand; Fourier transform in terms of processing time is faster than the others.
Keywords: fabric detection techniques, Fourier transform, Wavelet transform, Gabor transform, classification defects

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Hasan GÜLER, Gökben ZOR, MahitGÜNEŞ, "Comparison of Performances of Spectral Based Approaches on Fabric Defect Detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Universal Engineering Model for Cooling Towers
  Mohd Arif, Md Nazeem khan, Mohd Parvez
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a universal engineering model, which can be used to formulates both counter-flow and cross-flow cooling towers. By using fundamental laws of mass and energy balance, the effectiveness of heat exchange is approximated by a second order polynomial equation. Gauss -Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods are then used to determine the coefficients from manufactures data. Compared with the existing models, the new model has two main advantages: (1) As the engineering model is derived from engineering perspective, it involves fewer input variables and has better description of the cooling tower operation; (2) There is no iterative computation required, this feature is very important for online optimization of cooling tower performance. Although the model is simple, the results are very accurate. Application examples are given to compare the proposed model with commonly used models.
Keywords: Counter-flow, Cooling Tower, Effectiveness, HVAC

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MohdArif, Md Nazeem khan, Mohd Parvez, "Universal Engineering Model for Cooling Towers"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Repair Materials and Mesh Bonding Techniques Used To Repair Concrete Beams Failed In Flexure
  B. Anki Reddy, M. L. N. Krishna Sai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work it is proposed to study the behavior of repaired concrete beams. The effectiveness of various repair materials was studied. Also different repair techniques were tried and results were compared. Plain concrete beams of dimensions 150mm x 150mm x 700mm were casted. The beams were failed in flexure with two point loading. The failed beams were repaired using various methods and techniques. The repair technique adopted was external bonding of steel meshes of various types with various repair materials. Beams repaired with Epoxy + SBR + Cement (RESC) without any mesh bonding giving better results. Almost all the mesh bonding repair techniques adopted were giving more than 100% regain of load carrying capacity of the original beams.
Index Terms: Plain Concrete Beams, Repair, Epoxy, Latex, Wire Mesh

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B. Anki Reddy, M. L. N. Krishna Sai, "A Study on Repair Materials and Mesh Bonding Techniques Used To Repair Concrete Beams Failed In Flexure"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Study of Structure Using Composite Members And Conventional Members
  Charuhas K. Karalkar, Dr. Uttam B. Kalwane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

There are different methods of construction for building structure. The most popular conventional structures used are reinforced cement concrete structures, pure steel structures and Timber Structures. In the modern age the rapid growth in population and continuous influx of people from rural to metros; buildings are constructed on a large scale and with great Architectural requirement. In this paper a new type of structure is introduced which involves use of composite members. To reduce the construction time, material quantity and cost the composite members are used. The composite members here mean use of steel sections as structural steel along with timber. Here by using composite members for miscellaneous Architectural building, lot of saving has been done in material, construction time and cost. It saves approximately 20-25% cost of structure if conventional type is used. Composite members used are Structural steel and solid timber compare to conventional steel or RCC members.
Keyword: Conventional type frame structure, composite member frame structure, Light frame structure, timber steel composite, Cost Analysis

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Charuhas K. Karalkar, Dr. Uttam B. Kalwane, "Comparative Study of Structure Using Composite Members And Conventional Members"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• CFD Based Investigation on Effects of Compression Surface At Fighter Aircraft Engine Intake
  Vinoth.M, Maniiarasan.P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]
Abstract:

The purpose of the intake of an aircraft is to supply the engine with a proper airflow during various flight conditions. A good intake design is characterized by providing high pressure recovery and low distortion. Therefore it is essential to divert as much of the boundary layer as possible since it is a factor which affect the quality of the airflow. On aircrafts with engines installed on wing pylons, which is the most common configuration on transport and passenger aircraft, the inlet is short and leads directly to the engine and the pressure recovery is good. For engines that are integrated with the body, for example on fighter aircrafts, the airflow is travelling along the body of the aircraft before it reaches the air intake. A boundary layer builds up along the body, something which is not desirable, especially in the part of the flow that supplies the engines. The pressure recovery is lower because of this, something that has a negative effect upon engine thrust. There are, however, ways to prevent the boundary layer from entering the inlet, or at least to minimize the amount that does. It is common to use a boundary layer diverter. It affects the aircraft performance in so many ways. So, it needs some other provision or technology to overcome intake problem in fighter crafts. In the present work, a well-designed compression surface is installed in the entry of the engine intake to redirect boundary layer and create shock wave for getting desired flow in the compressor (When a flow crosses a shock wave, its velocity got reduced, which in term increases pressure). The compression surface is placed at the entry of the diffuser to perform the above mentioned operation. The work extents to, a comparative investigation is proposed for with and without compression surface. ANSYS-Fluent is a commercial CFD code which will be used for performing the simulation and the simulation configuration contains two different Mach speeds (0.7 & 2) with three different angles of attacks (0°, 7.5° and 15°). The simulation results are evaluated to find out pressure recovery in the engine intake between with and without compression surface.
Keyword: compression surface, pressure recovery, engine intake, boundary layer.
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Vinoth.M, Maniiarasan.P, "CFD Based Investigation on Effects of Compression Surface At Fighter Aircraft Engine Intake"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effects of Blade Aspect Ratio
  Karthick Raja. R, Maniiarasan. P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
Keyword: aspect ratio, pressure rise, flow parameters, optimum value

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Karthick Raja. R, Maniiarasan. P, "Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effects of Blade Aspect Ratio"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Imply Logic Implementation of Carry Save Adder Using Memristors
  A.Lavanya, BG.Gopal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Memristor is a two terminal fundamental passive element that provides arelation between electric charge"q‟ and magnetic flux "Φ‟. It is a type of resistor with some memory property. Implication logic can be easily developed using memristors. Implication logic can be implemented with less number of memristors in comparison with silicon transistors. It has been proved that any Boolean expressions can be implemented with this logic [3]and[4]. Carry save adder (CSA) circuits is built up with IMPLY logic with the basic gates obtained with memristors and their working are briefly explained. The total number of memristors required iscompared with the number of transistors required in constructing the same circuit with CMOS logic.
Keyword: Memristor, flux, charge, memory, IMPLY logic, nonlinear dopant drift, logic gates.

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A.Lavanya, BG.Gopal, "Imply Logic Implementation of Carry Save Adder Using Memristors"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• On-chip Optical Communication Using Graphene
  M.Sankar, M.Revanth Chowdary
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Advancement in technology is increasing day by day. Accordance to Moore‟s Law, the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year. In this way, Graphene research so far has focused on electronics and photonic applications, in spite of its impressive optical properties, graphene can be used as optical communication devices which are more efficient than any other materials. It has as unique photonic and electronic extraordinary properties. This leads to remarkable high bandwidth, zero source-drain bias, better modulation of light, and good internal quantum efficiency.
Keyword: Graphene, Moore‟s Law, Optical communication, Photonics.

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M.Sankar, M.Revanth Chowdary, "On-chip Optical Communication Using Graphene"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Communication Protocols Augmentation in VLSI Design Applications
  Kanhu Charan Padhy, Ms. Supreetha Rao, Ms. Supreetha M, Ms.Vidya Venkatesh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the advancement in communication System, the use of various protocols got a sharp rise in the different applications. Especially in the VLSI design for FPGAs, ASICS, CPLDs, the application areas got expanded to FPGA based technologies. Today, it has moved from commercial application to the defence sectors like missiles & aerospace controls. In this paper the use of FPGAs and its interface with various application circuits in the communication field for data (textual & visual) & control transfer is discussed. To be specific, the paper discusses the use of FPGA in various communication protocols like SPI, I2C, and TMDS in synchronous mode in Digital System Design using VHDL/Verilog.
Index Terms: Digital, FPGA, Interface, I2C, Protocols, Software Augmentation, SPI, TMDS, VHDL,

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Kanhu Charan Padhy, Ms. Supreetha Rao, Ms. Supreetha M, Ms.Vidya Venkatesh, "Communication Protocols Augmentation in VLSI Design Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakkam, southeast coast of India
  Muthulakshmi.AL, Usha Natesan, Vincent A. Ferrer, Deepthi.K, Venugopalan.V.P, Narasiman.S.V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper briefly describes the status of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a trend in Kalpakkam Coast, discusses its ecological and temperature impacts recommending measures to achieve long term sustainability using advanced tools like Geographic Information System (GIS). Present study reveals the monthly spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a at Kalpakkam. Transect based in-situ Temperature and Chlorophyll-a collected at 200m, 500m and 1 km distance into the sea was interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method in ARC GIS. Data revealed the extent of spatial distribution of thermal effluent in Kalpakkam. It could be found that temperature range of 26.2 – 31.9°C provided substantial Chlorophyll-a concentration between 0.8 – 2.9 mg/m3 for surface and bottom waters. Further, increase of Chlorophyll-a levels did not lead to higher productivity. Combined temperature and chlorophyll a showed little synergistic effects. It is concluded that the effect of thermal discharge from the power plant into the receiving water body is quite localized and productivity of the coastal waters are not affected. From the results obtained, the spatial data has been found to be useful in determining zones of safe use of seawater and to understand the extent of relationship between the relatable parameters.
Keyword: Coastal Power Plants, Chlorophyll a, Geographic Information Systems, Temperature, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)

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Muthulakshmi.AL, Usha Natesan, Vincent A. Ferrer, Deepthi.K, Venugopalan.V.P, Narasiman.S.V, "GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakkam, southeast coast of India"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card
  Anandaraj D, Jagannadham V V, Parameshwaran V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the increasing demand in the custom built logic for avionics systems, FPGA is used in this proposed interfacing card design. This FPGA based intelligent data handling card (IDHC) for the IVHM system, will interface the data from aircraft subsystems to the aircraft digital data bus. This IDHC interfacing card is based on the Virtex-5 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which provides flexibility by re-programming, so that it can be configured to the required functionality. Fault detection can be done within the FPGA and only the anomalies passed to the computer, so that the bus bandwidth can be utilized effectively and also excessive wiring can be eliminated, that would have been required for multiple individual systems. The work concentrates on designing the schematic using OrCAD.
Keyword: DCU, FPGA, IDHC, Intelligent, IVHM, Reconfiguration.

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Anandaraj D, Jagannadham V V, Parameshwaran V, "A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of an Algorithm for the Locomotion of Quadruped Robot with Bimorph Insect Leg
  Gabriel Duarte Gonçalves Pedro, Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the last decades the rising of higher processing power computers, together with more sophisticated robot actuators gave an impulse to the field of autonomous robots in robotics. The need to explore dirty, dangerous and difficult terrains is a suitable task for a robot, sparing a human from hazards of the environment. Even though wheeled robots have been used in great scale for explorations, its configuration has the downside of obstacle impediment and depending on the terrain its wheels can get stuck. The legged robot presents more versatility allowing him to surpass such obstacles in some cases. This article presents the continuation of the development of an quadruped robot with biomorphic insect leg.
Keyword: Biomorphic, Locomotion, Insect, Quadruped, Robot.

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Gabriel Duarte Gonçalves Pedro, Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães, "Implementation of an Algorithm for the Locomotion of Quadruped Robot with Bimorph Insect Leg"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic cooling
  M. Gayatri, Dr.D.Sreeramulu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As the number of transistors increases with new generation of microprocessor chips, the power draw and heat load to dissipate during operation increases. As a result of increasing the heat loads and heat fluxes the Conventional cooling technologies such as fan, heat sinks are unable to absorb and heat transfer excess heat dissipated by these new microprocessor. So, new technologies are needed to improve the heat removal capacity. In the present work single phase liquid cooling system with mini channel is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Mini channels are chosen as to provide higher heat transfer co-efficient than conventional channel. Copper pipes of 0.36 mm diameter are taken to fabricate heat sink and heat exchanger. A pump is used to circulate the fluid through heat sink and heat exchanger. A solid heated aluminium block to simulate heat generated electronic component is used and electrical input is supplied to the heated aluminium block and cooling system is placed over the heated block. The performance of the cooling system is analyzed from the experimental data obtained. It is experimentally observed that the mini channel liquid cooling system with water as a coolant has better performance than diluted ethylene glycol as coolant at different flow rates. The surface temperature of the heated aluminium block with convective heat transfer co-efficient is observed
Keyword: Liquid cooling, water, diluted ethylene glycol, heat sink, heat transfer coefficient, pump power

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M. Gayatri, Dr.D.Sreeramulu, "Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic cooling"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
  Siva V, Prof . V. Sankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In present work, a convergent-divergent nozzle is designed aerodynamically. Structural loads of nozzle from fluid flow and temperature of fluid in it. Initially, CFD simulation is conducted with thermal considerations in range of nozzle NPR values. Besides, CFD result is used as load in structural analysis of nozzle. Nozzle is working in range of NPR in its service from designed NPR. Maximum load over nozzle structure may happen at any NPR value of flow. Problem associated with nozzle structure design is prediction of load at various nozzle pressure ratio ranges. It is difficult to find and solve this problem analytically. Experimentation will lead to investigation as costlier one. Therefore, we require computation method to find load at various NPR. Maximum load from CFD simulation is used to structural simulation for finalizing thickness of nozzle. Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is the interaction of some movable or deformable structure with an internal or surrounding fluid flow. Fluid-structure interaction can be stable or oscillatory. Fluid-structure interaction problems and multi-physics problems in general are often too complex to solve analytically and so they have to be analyzed by means of experiments or numerical simulation
Keyword: FSI, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Structural Simulation.

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Siva V, Prof. V. Sankar, "Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Experimental Approach to Fluctuation of Stress Intensity Factor Distribution and Fatigue Crack Propagation in HSLASteel
  Om Prakash Tenduwe, PyareLalKhunte, Pawan Kumar Sahu, Navratan Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The fluctuation of stress-intensity factor distribution and fatigue crack propagation in HSLA steelwereinvestigated, for thispurposefatigue crack growth test werecarried out on fivemutuallysimilarconfigured standard 1CT specimenswithreducedthicknessusing constant amplitude loading cyclesunder mode-I,with 0.3 stress ratio and maximum loadheld 11.8kN. The fluctuation of stress-intensity factor distribution werestudiedexperimentallyas a function of crack length, elapsed fatigue life cycle and compliance, alongwith the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in HSLA steel. The fracture morphologywasobserved by fieldemissionscanningmicroscopy. ΔK in starting not increasedsignificantly as increasing crack length, number of cycle and compliance, but afterreaching the region-II, itisincreasingverysignificantly and slow fatigue crack propagation behaviorwereobserved by the material.
Keyword: fluctuation of stress intensity factor, fatigue crack propagation, constant amplitude loading, stress ratio, compliance.

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Om Prakash Tenduwe, PyareLalKhunte, Pawan Kumar Sahu, Navratan Kumar, "An Experimental Approach to Fluctuation of Stress Intensity Factor Distribution and Fatigue Crack Propagation in HSLA Steel" Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian Standards
  Rakshith B D, Ranjith A, Sanjith J, Chethan G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Chimneys are tall and slender structures which are used to discharge waste/flue gases at higher elevation with sufficient exit velocity such that the gases and suspended solids(ash) are dispersed in to the atmosphere over a defined spread such that their concentration , on reaching the ground is within acceptable limits specified by pollution control regulatory authorities. This paper summarizes the analysis and design concepts of chimneys as per Indian codal provisions incorporation was also made through finite element analysis. Effect of inspection manhole on the behavior of Cantilever steel chimney, two chimney models one with the manhole and other without manhole were taken into consideration. These models are analyzed by finite element software STAAD Pro, emphasis also placed on effect of geometric limitations on the design aspects in designing chimney.

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Rakshith B D, Ranjith A, Sanjith J, Chethan G, "Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian Standards"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-6

• Boosting Solar Efficiency
  Konika Gera, Jaskaran Singh Grewal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar energy being most common form of renewable energy fails to hold its use in daily life because of its low efficiency and high maintenance costs. However, these short comings can be fought by using the electrostatic mechanism. In this, we charge the dust particles such that they are repelled by the solar panel itself and then removed. This mechanism is relatively cheaper and the power consumption of the same sums to almost zero. Also, efficiency can further be increased by using perovskites that forms an opaque layer over the solar panel. When both of these methods are used as a single hand, the efficiency increases drastically and can be easily employed in mega industries using mega solar panels.
Keywords: High efficiency, low maintenance cost, electrostatic force, dust particles, perovskites, solar panels

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Konika Gera, Jaskaran Singh Grewal, "Boosting Solar Efficiency"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Heat Conduction Model of a Cold Storage with Puf & Eps Insulation Using Taguchi Methodology
  Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Bodhisattwa Maity
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this project work a mathematical heat conduction model of a cold storage (with the help of computer program; and multiple regression analysis) has been proposed which can be used for further development of cold storages in the upcoming future. In cold storage refrigeration system brings down the temperature initially during start up but thermal insulation maintains the temperature later on continuously. In this view, the simple methodology is presented to calculate heat transfer by analytical method also attempt has been made to minimize the energy consumption by replacing 150 mm Expanded polystyrene (EPS) by 100 mm Poly Urethane foam (PUF) insulation. The methodology is validated against actual data obtained from Penguin cold storage situated in Pune, India. Insulation thickness of the side walls (TW), area of the wall (AW), and insulation thickness of the roof (TR) have been chosen as predictor variables of the study.
Keywords: Cold storage refrigeration plant, cold storage insulation, EPS, PUF.

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Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Bodhisattwa Maity, "Comparative Heat Conduction Model of a Cold Storage with Puf & Eps Insulation Using Taguchi Methodology"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Study Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Macadam
  Luo Zhenshuai, Wang Shipeng
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As a new material, the researches on polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam are also less. This article studies the effect of different volume fraction of fiber length on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of cement stabilized macadam.To promote polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement stabilized macadam's
Keywords: cement, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, engineering application , compressive strength.

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Luo Zhenshuai, Wang Shipeng, "The Study Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Cement Stabilized Macadam"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications
  Prasanna Kumar L, Ashok S, Arun Kumar N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An ASIC design of Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector(DET PD) for Delay locked loop(DLL) and Phase locked loop(PLL) applications is proposed in this paper.The proposed DET PD has high locking speed and less jitter. The designs are based on TSPC flip flop logic, which overcomes the issue of narrow capture range. The Double edge triggered phase detector dissipates less power than conventional designs and can be operated at a frequency range of 250MHz to 1GHz.The proposed DET-PD is designed using 180nm CMOS process technology at a 1.8V supply voltage in cadence virtuoso and circuit simulated in cadence spectre.
Keywords: ASIC, DLL, DET PD,TSPC

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Prasanna Kumar L, Ashok S, Arun Kumar N, "Dual Edge Triggered Phase Detector for DLL and PLL Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Proof collection from car black box using smart phone for accident detection
  Divyashree K, Likhithesh M D, Arpitha M, Madan Raj K S, Raghu S,Vinay Kumar S B
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

According to the WHO, more than a million people in the world die each year because of vehicle accidents. In order to react to this situation, the black box concept is used as first step to solve the problem[1]. In order to overcome from this problem, in this paper we are trying to implement the concept of "black box" in the car. Car black box is a device used to record the information's such as engine temperature, presence of obstacle, alcohol content and exact location of the accident about the vehicle. Along with this we are using smartphone to get the snap shots which are related to accidents and finally send this information along with the snaps to police sever.
Keywords: Black box, GSM, P89V51RD2 microcontroller, Smartphone, Accident

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Divyashree K, Likhithesh M D, Arpitha M, Madan Raj K S, Raghu S,Vinay Kumar S B, "Proof collection from car black box using smart phone for accident detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey on Vertical Handover Decision Framework In Heterogenious Wireless Networks
  Narayana Srivyshnavi, R.China Appala Naidu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The wireless network of future will consists different radio access technologies. The transfer of mobile terminal from one point to another point in an active communication needs a handover decision. Due to which vertical handover decision will be a priority. The vertical handover decision can be based on different criteria such as bandwidth, signal strength, cost etc., in order for network selection decision we use two algorithms such as customer surplus value and fuzzy selection algorithm. Our goal is to develop a framework for efficient simulation of VHO selection algorithm .This situation is on OmneT++ in various wireless networks.
Keyword— Handover decision, Bandwidth, Signal Strength, Customer surplus value, Fuzzy selection.

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Narayana Srivyshnavi, R.China Appala Naidu, "A Survey on Vertical Handover Decision Framework In Heterogenious Wireless Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloading In Mobile Cloud Computing
  S.Rathnapriya, S. Sumithra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The recent advancement in cloud computing in cloud computing is leading to and excessive growth of the mobile devices that can become powerful means for the information access and mobile applications. This introducing a latent technology called Mobile cloud computing. Smart phone device supports wide range of mobile applications which require high computational power, memory, storage and energy but these resources are limited in number so act as constraints in smart phone devices. With the integration of cloud computing and mobile applications it is possible to overcome these constraints by offloading the complex modules on cloud. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation offloading: sending heavy computations to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade.
Keyword— Cloud computing, Complex modules, Execution offloading ,Mobile computing, Smart Phones.

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S.Rathnapriya, S. Sumithra, "Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloadig In Mobile Cloud Computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys and Optimization of Welding Parameters for Maximum Tensile Strength
  Prof. S. K. Aditya, Mr. Abhijit Datta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is an innovative technique to join metals in the plastic state thus not reaching the liquid state as it happen in traditional welding processes. This feature of the FSW proved that a modification can be done on the fatigue behavior and strength of the welding joints so, some of the leading companies to adopted the process for the manufacturing of Automotive, Locomotive, Shipping & Aerospace. The FSW is a variant of the linear friction welding process in which the material is being welded without bulk melting. The FSW parameters such as tool Rotational speed, Welding speed, Axial Force, Tool tilt angle, Welding Tool Shoulder Diameter, and Welded Plate thickness play a major role in determining the properties like Tensile strength, hardness, residual stress, HAZ etc. of the joints.
Keywords: FSW, Aluminium Alloys, Tensile Strength.

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Prof. S. K. Aditya, Mr. Abhijit Datta, "Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys and Optimization of Welding Parameters for Maximum Tensile Strength"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Efficient Safety Culture as Sustainable Development in Construction Industry
  Otti. V. I, Nwolum F. C, DanNwafor K, Ezechukwu M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper focuses on precaution necessary to prevent avoidable accidents in the construction industries, important water development, building and roads construction in Nigeria. Moreover, appreciate the need for a safe working environment but also precaution necessary for hitch-free operation.
Keyword: safety, health, environment, construction, sustainable development.

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Otti. V. I, Nwolum F. C, DanNwafor K, Ezechukwu M, "Efficient Safety Culture as Sustainable Development in Construction Industry"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking system
  Sirigauri N, Raghav S, Nikhil R, Mounik D Rupani, Asst. Prof Vanishree G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar energy is a promising technology that can have huge long term benefits. Solar cells convert the solar energy into electrical energy. Solar tracking system is the most suited technology to improve the efficiency and enhance the performance by utilizing maximum solar energy through the solar cell. In hardware development we utilize LDR's as sensors and two servomotors to direct the position of the solar panel. The software part is implemented on a code written using an Arduino Uno controller.
Index Terms: LDR, Servomotor, Arduino Uno, Charge controller.

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Sirigauri N, Raghav S, Nikhil R, Mounik D Rupani, Asst. Prof Vanishree G, "Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking system"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Low Power Sequential System Using Multi Bit FLIP-FLOP With Data Driven Clock Gating
  Poomalai M, Gopal B G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power reduction plays a vital role in VLSI design .The Data driven clock gating is used for reduce power consumption in synchronous circuits .Common clock gating is used for power saving. However clock gating still leaves larger amount of redundant clock pulses. Multibit flip-flop is also used to reduce power consumption .Using of Multibit Flip-Flop method is to eliminate the total inverter number by sharing the inverters in the flip-flop .Combination of Multibit Flip-Flop with Data driven clock gating will increase the further power saving. Xilinx software tool and quatrus II for power analysis is used for implementing this proposed system.

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Poomalai M, Gopal B G, "Design of Low Power Sequential System Using Multi Bit FLIP-FLOP With Data Driven Clock Gating"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Hardware realization of Stereo camera and associated embedded system
  Shilpa V. Ingale, Sunil Tamhankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Stereo camera has two lenses about the same distance apart as human eyes with a separate image sensor for each lenses. This allows the camera to simulate human binocular vision, and therefore gives it ability to capture three dimensional images. It detects depth information of the subject which allows user to capture image that are instantly rendered in 3D. Stereo cameras are also required in stereo vision, a ranging method which finds its application in almost every field. Still stereo 3D hasn't yet become a standard because of technical problems, including agronomy issues, cost, and lack of hardware and software standards. Due to above reasons, it is important to achieve the low cost and standard hardware for 3D vision for which a novel architecture of a stereo camera is required. This paper proposes to provide low cost solution to stereo cameras as cameras can be designed as per requirement and mainly focuses on the processing of sensor raw image data.
Keywords: Stereo camera, Stereo Vision, Field programable gate array, white balance, demosaicing, denoising.

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Shilpa V. Ingale, Sunil Tamhankar, "Hardware realization of Stereo camera and associated embedded system"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Implementation Of Packet Switched Network Based RKT-NoC on FPGA
  Vijayalaxmi B Patil, Sadhana Choudhary, Hashmathunnisa Begum
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this Paper we proposed a new network on chip that handles accurate localization of the faulty parts of NoC. The proposed NoC is based on new error detection mechanism and modified xy routing algorithm. Error detection mechanism suitable for dynamic NoCs, where the number and position of the processor elements or faulty blocks vary during run time. This paper also presents a modified xy routing algorithm combined with a scheduler to be used on NoCs.This proposed method is fast way to transferring data via specific path between two nodes in the network and the scheduler further helps to avoid collision. More latency and fewer throughputs are obtained with contentation in network. As mesh size increases latency and throughputs increases accordingly. The proposed design implemented in SPARTAN III FPGA by using Xilinx ISE13.4and simulated in Questa sim 10.0b.
Keywords: Network on Chip, Modified xy Routing algorithm, Dynamic Reconfiguration

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Vijayalaxmi B Patil, Sadhana Choudhary, Hashmathunnisa Begum, "Design and Implementation Of Packet Switched Network Based RKT-NoC on FPGA"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Performances of Spectral Based Approaches on Fabric Defect Detection
  Hasan GÜLER, Gökben ZOR, MahitGÜNEŞ
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, it is aimed to compare the performance of spectral based fault detection methods in quality control by testing on the same environment. The most widely used spectral based approaches as Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, Gabor Transform were used to extract features of the faulty fabric samples. By using statistical functions feature selection was done so huge dimensionality of features was decreased. The selected features are taken as inputs for feed-forward network (with the back propagation algorithm) to classify faulty fabrics in categories; weft, wrap and oil. All computations were performed in Matlab program so as to satisfy all conditions as the same. The analyses' results show the Wavelet transform in terms of classification for three type defects was more efficient than the others, on other hand; Fourier transform in terms of processing time is faster than the others.
Keywords: fabric detection techniques, Fourier transform, Wavelet transform, Gabor transform, classification defects

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Hasan GÜLER, Gökben ZOR, MahitGÜNEŞ, "Comparison of Performances of Spectral Based Approaches on Fabric Defect Detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Universal Engineering Model for Cooling Towers
  Mohd Arif, Md Nazeem khan, Mohd Parvez
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a universal engineering model, which can be used to formulates both counter-flow and cross-flow cooling towers. By using fundamental laws of mass and energy balance, the effectiveness of heat exchange is approximated by a second order polynomial equation. Gauss -Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods are then used to determine the coefficients from manufactures data. Compared with the existing models, the new model has two main advantages: (1) As the engineering model is derived from engineering perspective, it involves fewer input variables and has better description of the cooling tower operation; (2) There is no iterative computation required, this feature is very important for online optimization of cooling tower performance. Although the model is simple, the results are very accurate. Application examples are given to compare the proposed model with commonly used models.
Keywords: Counter-flow, Cooling Tower, Effectiveness, HVAC

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MohdArif, Md Nazeem khan, Mohd Parvez, "Universal Engineering Model for Cooling Towers"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Repair Materials and Mesh Bonding Techniques Used To Repair Concrete Beams Failed In Flexure
  B. Anki Reddy, M. L. N. Krishna Sai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work it is proposed to study the behavior of repaired concrete beams. The effectiveness of various repair materials was studied. Also different repair techniques were tried and results were compared. Plain concrete beams of dimensions 150mm x 150mm x 700mm were casted. The beams were failed in flexure with two point loading. The failed beams were repaired using various methods and techniques. The repair technique adopted was external bonding of steel meshes of various types with various repair materials. Beams repaired with Epoxy + SBR + Cement (RESC) without any mesh bonding giving better results. Almost all the mesh bonding repair techniques adopted were giving more than 100% regain of load carrying capacity of the original beams.
Index Terms: Plain Concrete Beams, Repair, Epoxy, Latex, Wire Mesh

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B. Anki Reddy, M. L. N. Krishna Sai, "A Study on Repair Materials and Mesh Bonding Techniques Used To Repair Concrete Beams Failed In Flexure"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Study of Structure Using Composite Members And Conventional Members
  Charuhas K. Karalkar, Dr. Uttam B. Kalwane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

There are different methods of construction for building structure. The most popular conventional structures used are reinforced cement concrete structures, pure steel structures and Timber Structures. In the modern age the rapid growth in population and continuous influx of people from rural to metros; buildings are constructed on a large scale and with great Architectural requirement. In this paper a new type of structure is introduced which involves use of composite members. To reduce the construction time, material quantity and cost the composite members are used. The composite members here mean use of steel sections as structural steel along with timber. Here by using composite members for miscellaneous Architectural building, lot of saving has been done in material, construction time and cost. It saves approximately 20-25% cost of structure if conventional type is used. Composite members used are Structural steel and solid timber compare to conventional steel or RCC members.
Keyword: Conventional type frame structure, composite member frame structure, Light frame structure, timber steel composite, Cost Analysis

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Charuhas K. Karalkar, Dr. Uttam B. Kalwane, "Comparative Study of Structure Using Composite Members And Conventional Members"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• CFD Based Investigation on Effects of Compression Surface At Fighter Aircraft Engine Intake
  Vinoth.M, Maniiarasan.P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]
Abstract:

The purpose of the intake of an aircraft is to supply the engine with a proper airflow during various flight conditions. A good intake design is characterized by providing high pressure recovery and low distortion. Therefore it is essential to divert as much of the boundary layer as possible since it is a factor which affect the quality of the airflow. On aircrafts with engines installed on wing pylons, which is the most common configuration on transport and passenger aircraft, the inlet is short and leads directly to the engine and the pressure recovery is good. For engines that are integrated with the body, for example on fighter aircrafts, the airflow is travelling along the body of the aircraft before it reaches the air intake. A boundary layer builds up along the body, something which is not desirable, especially in the part of the flow that supplies the engines. The pressure recovery is lower because of this, something that has a negative effect upon engine thrust. There are, however, ways to prevent the boundary layer from entering the inlet, or at least to minimize the amount that does. It is common to use a boundary layer diverter. It affects the aircraft performance in so many ways. So, it needs some other provision or technology to overcome intake problem in fighter crafts. In the present work, a well-designed compression surface is installed in the entry of the engine intake to redirect boundary layer and create shock wave for getting desired flow in the compressor (When a flow crosses a shock wave, its velocity got reduced, which in term increases pressure). The compression surface is placed at the entry of the diffuser to perform the above mentioned operation. The work extents to, a comparative investigation is proposed for with and without compression surface. ANSYS-Fluent is a commercial CFD code which will be used for performing the simulation and the simulation configuration contains two different Mach speeds (0.7 & 2) with three different angles of attacks (0°, 7.5° and 15°). The simulation results are evaluated to find out pressure recovery in the engine intake between with and without compression surface.
Keyword: compression surface, pressure recovery, engine intake, boundary layer.
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Vinoth.M, Maniiarasan.P, "CFD Based Investigation on Effects of Compression Surface At Fighter Aircraft Engine Intake"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effects of Blade Aspect Ratio
  Karthick Raja. R, Maniiarasan. P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
Keyword: aspect ratio, pressure rise, flow parameters, optimum value

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Karthick Raja. R, Maniiarasan. P, "Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effects of Blade Aspect Ratio"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Imply Logic Implementation of Carry Save Adder Using Memristors
  A.Lavanya, BG.Gopal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Memristor is a two terminal fundamental passive element that provides arelation between electric charge"q‟ and magnetic flux "Φ‟. It is a type of resistor with some memory property. Implication logic can be easily developed using memristors. Implication logic can be implemented with less number of memristors in comparison with silicon transistors. It has been proved that any Boolean expressions can be implemented with this logic [3]and[4]. Carry save adder (CSA) circuits is built up with IMPLY logic with the basic gates obtained with memristors and their working are briefly explained. The total number of memristors required iscompared with the number of transistors required in constructing the same circuit with CMOS logic.
Keyword: Memristor, flux, charge, memory, IMPLY logic, nonlinear dopant drift, logic gates.

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A.Lavanya, BG.Gopal, "Imply Logic Implementation of Carry Save Adder Using Memristors"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• On-chip Optical Communication Using Graphene
  M.Sankar, M.Revanth Chowdary
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Advancement in technology is increasing day by day. Accordance to Moore‟s Law, the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year. In this way, Graphene research so far has focused on electronics and photonic applications, in spite of its impressive optical properties, graphene can be used as optical communication devices which are more efficient than any other materials. It has as unique photonic and electronic extraordinary properties. This leads to remarkable high bandwidth, zero source-drain bias, better modulation of light, and good internal quantum efficiency.
Keyword: Graphene, Moore‟s Law, Optical communication, Photonics.

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M.Sankar, M.Revanth Chowdary, "On-chip Optical Communication Using Graphene"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Communication Protocols Augmentation in VLSI Design Applications
  Kanhu Charan Padhy, Ms. Supreetha Rao, Ms. Supreetha M, Ms.Vidya Venkatesh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the advancement in communication System, the use of various protocols got a sharp rise in the different applications. Especially in the VLSI design for FPGAs, ASICS, CPLDs, the application areas got expanded to FPGA based technologies. Today, it has moved from commercial application to the defence sectors like missiles & aerospace controls. In this paper the use of FPGAs and its interface with various application circuits in the communication field for data (textual & visual) & control transfer is discussed. To be specific, the paper discusses the use of FPGA in various communication protocols like SPI, I2C, and TMDS in synchronous mode in Digital System Design using VHDL/Verilog.
Index Terms: Digital, FPGA, Interface, I2C, Protocols, Software Augmentation, SPI, TMDS, VHDL,

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Kanhu Charan Padhy, Ms. Supreetha Rao, Ms. Supreetha M, Ms.Vidya Venkatesh, "Communication Protocols Augmentation in VLSI Design Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakkam, southeast coast of India
  Muthulakshmi.AL, Usha Natesan, Vincent A. Ferrer, Deepthi.K, Venugopalan.V.P, Narasiman.S.V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper briefly describes the status of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a trend in Kalpakkam Coast, discusses its ecological and temperature impacts recommending measures to achieve long term sustainability using advanced tools like Geographic Information System (GIS). Present study reveals the monthly spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a at Kalpakkam. Transect based in-situ Temperature and Chlorophyll-a collected at 200m, 500m and 1 km distance into the sea was interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method in ARC GIS. Data revealed the extent of spatial distribution of thermal effluent in Kalpakkam. It could be found that temperature range of 26.2 – 31.9°C provided substantial Chlorophyll-a concentration between 0.8 – 2.9 mg/m3 for surface and bottom waters. Further, increase of Chlorophyll-a levels did not lead to higher productivity. Combined temperature and chlorophyll a showed little synergistic effects. It is concluded that the effect of thermal discharge from the power plant into the receiving water body is quite localized and productivity of the coastal waters are not affected. From the results obtained, the spatial data has been found to be useful in determining zones of safe use of seawater and to understand the extent of relationship between the relatable parameters.
Keyword: Coastal Power Plants, Chlorophyll a, Geographic Information Systems, Temperature, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)

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Muthulakshmi.AL, Usha Natesan, Vincent A. Ferrer, Deepthi.K, Venugopalan.V.P, Narasiman.S.V, "GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakkam, southeast coast of India"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card
  Anandaraj D, Jagannadham V V, Parameshwaran V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the increasing demand in the custom built logic for avionics systems, FPGA is used in this proposed interfacing card design. This FPGA based intelligent data handling card (IDHC) for the IVHM system, will interface the data from aircraft subsystems to the aircraft digital data bus. This IDHC interfacing card is based on the Virtex-5 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which provides flexibility by re-programming, so that it can be configured to the required functionality. Fault detection can be done within the FPGA and only the anomalies passed to the computer, so that the bus bandwidth can be utilized effectively and also excessive wiring can be eliminated, that would have been required for multiple individual systems. The work concentrates on designing the schematic using OrCAD.
Keyword: DCU, FPGA, IDHC, Intelligent, IVHM, Reconfiguration.

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Anandaraj D, Jagannadham V V, Parameshwaran V, "A design of FPGA based intelligent data handling interfacing card"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of an Algorithm for the Locomotion of Quadruped Robot with Bimorph Insect Leg
  Gabriel Duarte Gonçalves Pedro, Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the last decades the rising of higher processing power computers, together with more sophisticated robot actuators gave an impulse to the field of autonomous robots in robotics. The need to explore dirty, dangerous and difficult terrains is a suitable task for a robot, sparing a human from hazards of the environment. Even though wheeled robots have been used in great scale for explorations, its configuration has the downside of obstacle impediment and depending on the terrain its wheels can get stuck. The legged robot presents more versatility allowing him to surpass such obstacles in some cases. This article presents the continuation of the development of an quadruped robot with biomorphic insect leg.
Keyword: Biomorphic, Locomotion, Insect, Quadruped, Robot.

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Gabriel Duarte Gonçalves Pedro, Nicolas Ives Roque Pacheco, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães, "Implementation of an Algorithm for the Locomotion of Quadruped Robot with Bimorph Insect Leg"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic cooling
  M. Gayatri, Dr.D.Sreeramulu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

As the number of transistors increases with new generation of microprocessor chips, the power draw and heat load to dissipate during operation increases. As a result of increasing the heat loads and heat fluxes the Conventional cooling technologies such as fan, heat sinks are unable to absorb and heat transfer excess heat dissipated by these new microprocessor. So, new technologies are needed to improve the heat removal capacity. In the present work single phase liquid cooling system with mini channel is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Mini channels are chosen as to provide higher heat transfer co-efficient than conventional channel. Copper pipes of 0.36 mm diameter are taken to fabricate heat sink and heat exchanger. A pump is used to circulate the fluid through heat sink and heat exchanger. A solid heated aluminium block to simulate heat generated electronic component is used and electrical input is supplied to the heated aluminium block and cooling system is placed over the heated block. The performance of the cooling system is analyzed from the experimental data obtained. It is experimentally observed that the mini channel liquid cooling system with water as a coolant has better performance than diluted ethylene glycol as coolant at different flow rates. The surface temperature of the heated aluminium block with convective heat transfer co-efficient is observed
Keyword: Liquid cooling, water, diluted ethylene glycol, heat sink, heat transfer coefficient, pump power

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M. Gayatri, Dr.D.Sreeramulu, "Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic cooling"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
  Siva V, Prof . V. Sankar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In present work, a convergent-divergent nozzle is designed aerodynamically. Structural loads of nozzle from fluid flow and temperature of fluid in it. Initially, CFD simulation is conducted with thermal considerations in range of nozzle NPR values. Besides, CFD result is used as load in structural analysis of nozzle. Nozzle is working in range of NPR in its service from designed NPR. Maximum load over nozzle structure may happen at any NPR value of flow. Problem associated with nozzle structure design is prediction of load at various nozzle pressure ratio ranges. It is difficult to find and solve this problem analytically. Experimentation will lead to investigation as costlier one. Therefore, we require computation method to find load at various NPR. Maximum load from CFD simulation is used to structural simulation for finalizing thickness of nozzle. Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is the interaction of some movable or deformable structure with an internal or surrounding fluid flow. Fluid-structure interaction can be stable or oscillatory. Fluid-structure interaction problems and multi-physics problems in general are often too complex to solve analytically and so they have to be analyzed by means of experiments or numerical simulation
Keyword: FSI, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Structural Simulation.

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Siva V, Prof. V. Sankar, "Fluid Structure Interaction Based Investigation of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Experimental Approach to Fluctuation of Stress Intensity Factor Distribution and Fatigue Crack Propagation in HSLASteel
  Om Prakash Tenduwe, PyareLalKhunte, Pawan Kumar Sahu, Navratan Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The fluctuation of stress-intensity factor distribution and fatigue crack propagation in HSLA steelwereinvestigated, for thispurposefatigue crack growth test werecarried out on fivemutuallysimilarconfigured standard 1CT specimenswithreducedthicknessusing constant amplitude loading cyclesunder mode-I,with 0.3 stress ratio and maximum loadheld 11.8kN. The fluctuation of stress-intensity factor distribution werestudiedexperimentallyas a function of crack length, elapsed fatigue life cycle and compliance, alongwith the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in HSLA steel. The fracture morphologywasobserved by fieldemissionscanningmicroscopy. ΔK in starting not increasedsignificantly as increasing crack length, number of cycle and compliance, but afterreaching the region-II, itisincreasingverysignificantly and slow fatigue crack propagation behaviorwereobserved by the material.
Keyword: fluctuation of stress intensity factor, fatigue crack propagation, constant amplitude loading, stress ratio, compliance.

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Om Prakash Tenduwe, PyareLalKhunte, Pawan Kumar Sahu, Navratan Kumar, "An Experimental Approach to Fluctuation of Stress Intensity Factor Distribution and Fatigue Crack Propagation in HSLA Steel" Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian Standards
  Rakshith B D, Ranjith A, Sanjith J, Chethan G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Chimneys are tall and slender structures which are used to discharge waste/flue gases at higher elevation with sufficient exit velocity such that the gases and suspended solids(ash) are dispersed in to the atmosphere over a defined spread such that their concentration , on reaching the ground is within acceptable limits specified by pollution control regulatory authorities. This paper summarizes the analysis and design concepts of chimneys as per Indian codal provisions incorporation was also made through finite element analysis. Effect of inspection manhole on the behavior of Cantilever steel chimney, two chimney models one with the manhole and other without manhole were taken into consideration. These models are analyzed by finite element software STAAD Pro, emphasis also placed on effect of geometric limitations on the design aspects in designing chimney.

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Rakshith B D, Ranjith A, Sanjith J, Chethan G, "Analysis of Cantilever Steel Chimney As Per Indian Standards"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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