• Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)
  Jihane Ahattab, Najat Serhir, El Khadir Lakhal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to elaborate the cartography of Gradex parameter used in the Gradex method for estimating flood peaks in order to size hydraulic structures. Map of spatial variation is elaborated using the geostatistical method of kriging. Several reference functions (exponential model, spherical, linear, Gaussian and cubic) were used for modeling the kriging variogram. Cross-validation enabled a comparison between the results of these models and choice of spherical model with anisotropy and trend fit by a second-order polynomial as the most suitable. The use of available series of annual maximum daily rainfall recorded at 23 rainfall stations, distributed over the Tensift basin, led also to develop the cartography of standard prediction errors‟ values associated to the predicted parameter for each point of Tensift basin. These errors vary from acceptable values (16.8%) to very high ones depending on the density of the rainfall stations at the desired site.
Keywords: Cartography, flood peaks, Gradex, IDF, kriging.

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Jihane Ahattab, Najat Serhir, El Khadir Lakhal, "Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance of High-Strength Concrete Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Cement Replacement
  Dr. M. Swaroopa Rani, M. Tejaanvesh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The advancement in material technology has led to development of concrete with higher strengths. Presence of high cementitious materials contents in high strength concrete mixes increases heat of hydration that causes higher shrinkage and leading it to potential of cracking. However, use of supplementary cementitious materials leads to control in heat of hydration which further avoids higher shrinkage. Materials such as fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag are largely been used as supplementary cementitious materials in High strength concrete mixes. In the present study use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial cement replacement in high strength concrete mixes is evaluated with an experimental study. High strength concrete mix of M60 grade is taken as a reference and the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength where performed for 7, 28 and 56 days and analyzed it with results for partial replacement mixes of POFA 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% & 25%. It has been observed that concrete with 15% replacement of POFA gave the highest strength.
Keywords: strength, flexural strength, high strength concrete, palm oil fuel ash and split tensile strength.

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Dr. M. Swaroopa Rani, M. Tejaanvesh, "Performance of High-Strength Concrete Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Cement Replacement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Grayscale Image Transmission over Rayleigh Fading Channel in a MIMO System Using Different Digital Modulation Techniques with STBC
  Animish S. Andraskar, Pratik M. Bhombe, Shantanu S. Bhusari, Prof. Shital N. Raut
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The consistent demand for higher data rates and ability to send large volumes of data without compromising the quality of communication has led the development of a new generations of wireless systems. But range and data rate limitations are there in wireless devices. In an effort to overcome these limitations, Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) systems can be used which also increase diversity and improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of wireless systems. They also increase the channel capacity, increase the transmitted data rate through spatial multiplexing, and/or reduce interference from other users. MIMO systems thus make a promising communication systems because of their high transmission rates without additional bandwidth or transmit power and robustness against multipath fading. This paper focuses on transmission of an image file using 2x2 MIMO system that achieves a full diversity gain using Alamouti's Space Time Block Coding technique for 2 transmitting antennas and 2 receiving antennas. Different modulation techniques viz. BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are used and performances has been evaluated in terms of BER vs. SNR to find out the best modulation technique in a given environment. Space-Time Codes have been used which in addition to the time and spectral domain, also exploit the spatial domain. Simple maximum likelihood decoding algorithm is used at the receiver side to decode the received encoded signal.
Keywords: BER, PSK, QAM, Rayleigh fading, Maximum Liklihood Detection, MIMO, SNR, STBC.

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Animish S. Andraskar, Pratik M. Bhombe, Shantanu S. Bhusari, Prof. Shital N. Raut, "Grayscale Image Transmission over Rayleigh Fading Channel in a MIMO System Using Different Digital Modulation Techniques with STBC"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Estimation of Water Vapour Attenuation And Rain Attenuation
  K.Kalyana Srinivas, T.Venkata Ramana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Attenuation due to and water vapour and rain can severely degrade the radio wave propagation at centimeter or millimeter wavelengths. It restricts the path length of radio communication systems and limits the use of higher frequencies for line-of-sight microwave links and satellite communications. The attenuation will pose a greater problem to communication as the frequency of occurrence of heavy rain increases.In a tropical region, like Malaysia, where excessive rainfall is a common phenomenon throughout the year, the knowledge of the rain attenuation at the frequency of operation is extremely required for the design of a reliable terrestrial and earth space communication link at a particular location.

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K.Kalyana Srinivas, T.Venkata Ramana, "Estimation of Water Vapour Attenuation And Rain Attenuation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Reviewing the Technology of Anti-ice in Cold High Altitude Road
  Wang Yongcun, Meng Yunwei
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The icy roads will reduce road adhesion coefficient, causing traffic accidents because of skidding of vehicle. Road technology of anti-ice and anti-skid at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of technology are analyzed. Meanwhile the new domestic technology of anti-ice and anti-skid is introduced.
Keywords: Engineering Application; Anti-ice; Road Safety

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Wang Yongcun, Meng Yunwei, "Reviewing the Technology of Anti-ice in Cold High Altitude Road"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Calculating the closure jacking-force of a large-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge
  Wei LI, Hui Liu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Before closuring the mid-span of a large-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge, imposing jacking-force could commendably eliminate the down-warping of main beam, horizontal deviation of main pier and the additional internal force caused by temperature differential and concrete shrink-creep. Two formulas deduced in this article to calculate the jacking-force have been applied to an engineering example to analyze and compare their applicability by combining with finite element simulation. The results showed that both formulas were practicable and could be as a simple computational method extended to other bridges with the same type.
Keyword— bridge, closure, continuous rigid frame bridge, jacking-force

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Wei LI, Hui Liu, "Calculating the closure jacking-force of a large-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge" Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of coconut fibre ash on strength properties of concrete
  Sanjay Sen, Rajeev Chandak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Concrete is the construction material which is obtained by mixing of cement, water and aggregate in required proportions. The day by day the cost of cement is increasing, yet the need for building and other construction requiring this material keep growing with an increase in the population, thus the need to find alternative binding materials that can be used solely or in partial replacement of cement. Agricultural waste material, In this case coconut fibre ash, which is an environmental pollutant. Coconut fibres are collected and the fibre are properly dried and burnt in the open air with a temperature range of 600⁰ c to 700⁰ c. when the fibres turned into ash. The ash was collected and made to pass through 150 micron sieve. This work presents the results of laboratory test carried out using coconut fibre ash (CFA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production. Concrete cubes are cast and tested at curing aging of 7, 28, 60, & 90 days using 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, & 25 percent replacement levels. The slump test results show that the workability of the concrete decreased as the CFA content increased & the compressive strength of CFA concrete increased with curing aging but decrease with increasing the percentage of coconut fibre ash. The percentage strength gained at 90 days for 5% and 10% for the control of 0% is 96.22% & 86.12% respectively. The optimum compressive strength of 59.25N/mm² was obtained at 5% replacement at 90 days of ages. The percentage strength at this optimum point of the control is 96.22%.
Keyword— coconut fibre ash, concrete, compressive strength, cement.

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Sanjay Sen, Rajeev Chandak, "Effect of coconut fibre ash on strength properties of concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Energy efficient and high speed domino logic circuits
  Neha Vaish, Sampath Kumar V.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Domino CMOS circuit family finds a wide variety of application in microprocessors due to low device count and high speed.In this paper, various conventional and proposed designs for low leakage and high speed wide fan-in domino circuits are reviewed. The techniques used in the paper reduces the total power dissipation and delay by 25% and 58% respectively as compared to the conventional footed domino logic circuit. Simulations are performed on tanner tool at 65nm technology for 16 input OR gate.
Keywords: contention, domino logic, leakage, power consumption, reliability.

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Neha Vaish, Sampath Kumar V, "Energy efficient and high speed domino logic circuits"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structural Engineering Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Based On Recycled Glass Fibre Polymer (Gfrp)
  Adetiloye A. and Ephraim M. E.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) based on resin recovered from recycling plastic waste has been shown to possess mechanical properties satisfying normative requirements. This paper investigates the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP produced from resin recovered from recycled plastic wastes. A total of fifteen of beams of sizes 150 ×150 ×900mm and 100 × 100 × 500mm reinforced with GFRP made from recycled glass fibre reinforced polymer was tested. The flexural test results yielded lower ultimate load, lower stiffness and larger deflections at the same load when compared with the control steel reinforced beam. However, the ultimate flexural strength of beams, reinforced with GFRP from recycled resin was at least four times higher than that of the control unreinforced beam. This is in agreement, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the trend of these parameters in GFRP reinforced concrete based on virgin resins. The results therefore confirm the applicability for structural uses with the accompanying benefits of wealth creation, value addition and environmental sustainability.
Key words: Concrete, Fibre reinforced plastics, composites

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Adetiloye A. and Ephraim M. E, "Structural Engineering Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Based On Recycled Glass Fibre Polymer (Gfrp)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Composite Behaviour of Unbraced Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames Based on Modified One-Strut Model
  M.E. Ephraim, T.C. Nwofor
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A comparative assessment on analytical outputs of the composite behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete infilled frames using the macro models of the one-strut configuration and the finite element micro model is presented. The effect of openings in the infill was given particular attention in multi-storey building frames. The analysis demonstrated the simplicity of modified one-strut model, compared to the more complex multi strut and FE models while at the same time yielding highly accurate results. The introduction of the shear stress reduction factor clearly enhanced the efficiency of the one-strut model to reproduce the shear strength, lateral stiffness and seismic demand of infilled frames with openings.
Key words: Shear reduction factor, infilled frame, diagonal strut model, FE model.

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M.E. Ephraim, T.C. Nwofor, "Composite Behaviour of Unbraced Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames Based on Modified One-Strut Model"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Management for Construction Materials and Control of Construction Waste in Construction Industry: A Review
  A. A. Gulghane, Prof P. V. Khandve
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent treads a wide range of building materials is available for the construction of civil engineering structures. The total cost of materials may be up to 60% or more of the total cost incurred in construction project dependent upon the type of project. Effective construction materials management is a key to success for a construction project. Construction waste is another serious problem in construction industry. A large and various types of construction waste with different characteristics are created at all the stages of construction. Construction industries have a larger part in contributing environmental problems. The economic and environmental benefits must be gained from construction waste minimization. This paper presents a review on systematically investigation of the management of construction materials and construction waste, material management techniques, control of construction waste and existing situation of construction management and construction waste in the industry.
Keywords: Material Management, Construction Waste, Management techniques, Economic relevance, Existing Situation.

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A. A. Gulghane, Prof P. V. Khandve, "Management for Construction Materials and Control of Construction Waste in Construction Industry: A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Computer Aided Design and Stress Analysis of Nose Landing Gear Barrel (NLGB)
  Sanjay Kumar Sardiwal, D. Harika Chowdary, K. Devanand Chakravarthy, M. Veena Vani, Mohd Abdul Mannan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

During the conceptual design phase of aircraft the integration of undercarriage system is very important and it is often difficult to achieve on the first time. The nose wheel landing gear preferred configurations for light naval trainer aircraft. The main objective of this project is to improve the static strength criteria and fatigue life of Nose Landing Gear Barrel considered. The investigations includes preliminary design layout for Nose Landing Gear Barrel and initial sizing has been done. It has been designed and evaluated for strength criteria. A method of analysis for the design of Nose Landing Gear Barrel made up of Al-Cu alloy (BS L 168 T6511) with static loads of axial, bending and normal loads are applied. The geometric modeling of the Nose Landing Gear Barrel was carried out using CAD package CATIA V5 R19 and pre and post processing was done through MSC/PATRAN. The stresses and displacements are obtained with the application of MSC/NASTRAN finite element software.

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Sanjay Kumar Sardiwal, D. Harika Chowdary, K. Devanand Chakravarthy, M. Veena Vani, Mohd Abdul Mannan, "Computer Aided Design and Stress Analysis of Nose Landing Gear Barrel (NLGB)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Air Relative Humidity Harvest on Soil Moisture Content under Moroccan Climatic Conditions
  El Khadir Lakhal and Abdellatif Ayyoub
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work, we aim to analyse the effect of the harvest of air relative humidity on soil water content. Some experiments were conducted on hilly areas with various hypsographic and microclimatic conditions greatly affecting daily fluctuations of air relative humidity. The metrological data's were obtained by using a Campbell Scientific equipments station recorder on data loggers every half hour. Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR) is used for calculating water content at different soil layers. The effect of many parameters such as: minimal and maximal air atmospheric humidity, potential of soil water and minimal temperature of air on harvesting air relative humidity is also discussed. The experimental results indicate that soil moisture content in the upper soil layer fluctuates with the same manner to diurnal fluctuation of relative air humidity. These fluctuations due to the harvest of relative air humidity decreased with increasing soil depth and daily amplitude of relative air humidity. The water adsorbed according to this phenomenon increased with increasing maximal relative and decreasing minimal temperature. The contribution of this soil water collected is about 40% of losses due to evaporation process. The correlation between principal climatic data and soil water adsorption by harvest relative air humidity is presented in this paper in order to incorporate it in the total water balance during water infiltration.
Keywords: Harvest, relative air humidity, soil water content, water vapor adsorption, evaporation.

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El Khadir Lakhal and Abdellatif Ayyoub, "Effect of Air Relative Humidity Harvest on Soil Moisture Content under Moroccan Climatic Conditions"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation Performance ofan Annular Composite Fin by UsingMATLAB Programming
  Padma Lochannayak And suvendumohanty
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this project is analysis the efficiency ratio in an annular fin by the variation of heat transfer coefficient for any surface condition by using MATLAB software to calculate the base fin efficiency and the coated fin efficiency by the variation of heat transfer coefficient, radius ratio and base fin thickness of an annular fin and compare the coating fin efficiency to base fin efficiency. If the heat transfer coefficient is 50W/m²K the increase efficiency ratio is 10.46 – 28.02% for zinc coating fin from the literature but the MATLAB result is 9.3 - 25.54% , the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.72%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.57% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.45% (d=0.001m) and 32.14% (d=0.0002m) for zinc coating fin and the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.92%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.61% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.51% (d=0.001m) and 32.16% (d=0.0002m) for zinc alloy coating fin.
Keywords: Annular composite fin, Efficiency ratio, MATLAB simulation

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Padma Lochannayak And suvendumohanty, "Evaluation Performance ofan Annular Composite Fin by UsingMATLAB Programming"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review of Space-charge Measurement using Pulsed Electro-Acoustic Method: Advantages and Limitations
  Habibu Hussaini, Ashraf Ahmad Adam, Ajagun Abimbola Susan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The pulsed electro acoustic (PEA) technique is the most widely used method to measure space charge distributions in insulating materials. The PEA technique has undergone some advancement since the over twenty years it was first implemented such as in its spatial resolution and sensitivity. In this article a review of the technique was carried out and its advantages, limitations, progress and prospects were discussed. Keywords-Review, space charge, pulsed electro acoustic technique, insulating materials
Keywords: Review, space charge, pulsed electro acoustic technique, insulating materials

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Habibu Hussaini, Ashraf Ahmad Adam, Ajagun Abimbola Susan, "Review of Space-charge Measurement using Pulsed Electro-Acoustic Method: Advantages and Limitations"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Evaluation of Conventional and Hybrid Feature ExtractionsUsing Multivariate HMM Classifier
  Veton Z. Këpuska, Hussien A Elharati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Speech feature extraction and likelihood evaluation are considered the main issues in speech recognition system. Although both techniques were developed and improved, but they remain the most active area of research. This paper investigates the performance of conventional and hybrid speech feature extraction algorithm of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Prediction Cepstrum Coefficient (LPCC), perceptual linear production (PLP) and RASTA-PLP through using multivariate Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifier. The performance of the speech recognition system is evaluated based on word error rate (WER), which is given for different data set of human voice using isolated speech TIDIGIT corpora sampled by 8 Khz. This data includes the pronunciation of eleven words (zero to nine plus oh) are recorded from 208 different adult speakers (men & women) each person uttered each word 2 times.
Keyword: feature extraction, likelihood evaluation, speech recognition, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient, Linear Predictive Coding, perceptual linear production, RASTA-PLP, Hidden Markov Model, word error rate.

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Veton Z. Këpuska, Hussien A Elharati, "Performance Evaluation of Conventional and Hybrid Feature ExtractionsUsing Multivariate HMM Classifier"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-2

• Propose a Enhanced Framework for Prediction of Heart Disease
  K. Sudhakar, Dr. M. Manimekalai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Heart disease diagnosis requires more experience and it is a complex task. The Heart MRI, ECG and Stress Test etc are the numbers of medical tests are prescribed by the doctor for examining the heart disease and it is the way of tradition in the prediction of heart disease. Today world, the hidden information of the huge amount of health care data is contained by the health care industry. The effective decisions are made by means of this hidden information. For appropriate results, the advanced data mining techniques with the information which is based on the computer are used. In any empirical sciences, for the inference and categorisation, the new mathematical techniques to be used called Artificial neural networks (ANNs) it also be used to the modelling of the real neural networks. Acting, Wanting, knowing, remembering, perceiving, thinking and inferring are the nature of mental phenomena and these can be understand by using the theory of ANN. The problem of probability and induction can be arised for the inference and classification because these are the powerful instruments of ANN. In this paper, the classification techniques like Naive Bayes Classification algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks are used to classify the attributes in the given data set. The attribute filtering techniques like PCA (Principle Component Analysis) filtering and Information Gain Attribute Subset Evaluation technique for feature selection in the given data set to predict the heart disease symptoms. A new framework is proposed which is based on the above techniques, the framework will take the input dataset and fed into the feature selection techniques block, which selects any one techniques that gives the least number of attributes and then classification task is done using two algorithms, the same attributes that are selected by two classification task is taken for the prediction of heart disease. This framework consumes the time for predicting the symptoms of heart disease which make the user to know the important attributes based on the proposed framework.
Keywords: ANN, PCA, SVM, CFS.

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K. Sudhakar, Dr. M. Manimekalai, "Propose a Enhanced Framework for Prediction of Heart Disease"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Growth, structural, optical, electrical and SHG studies of N-N′ allylthiourea doped KDP single crystals
  M. Ugine Prince, P. Sujatha Therese and S.Perumal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) crystals are one of the most popular crystals used for Non-linear Optical (NLO) applications. Pure KDP single crystals and KDP crystals doped with N-N′ allylthiourea were grown by the method of slow evaporation from aqueous solutions. The grown pure and doped crystals were confirmed by X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction studies. The pure and doped crystals were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy studies. Absorptions of these grown crystals were analyzed using UV–Vis–NIR studies, and it was found that these crystals possess minimum absorption in the entire visible region. Nonlinear optical studies of pure and doped crystals were carried out and it reveals that the dopants have increased the efficiency of KDP crystals. Dielectric measurements were carried out along both the unique axis and perpendicular directions at various temperatures ranging from 40 to 150 °C. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss values of N-N′ allylthiourea doped KDP crystals were lower than the pure KDP crystals. Also, it indicates that 0.8 mole% N-N′ allylthiourea addition to KDP leads to low permittivity value dielectrics. The results are discussed.
Keywords: Crystal growth, NLO Materials, powder XRD, UV-Vis. studies, SHG efficiency, Dielectric study.

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M. Ugine Prince, P. Sujatha Therese and S.Perumal, "Growth, structural, optical, electrical and SHG studies of N-N′ allylthiourea doped KDP single crystals"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Correlation Method for Public Security Information in Big Data Environment
  Gang Zeng
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the gradual improvement of the informationization level in public security area, the concept "Information led policing" has been formed, many information systems have been built and vast amounts of business data have been accumulated down, But these systems and data are isolated and becoming the isolated information islands. This thesis proposes an architecture of information analysis system on big data platform, then discuss the question of data integration, finally proposes the correlation method for public security information: direct association and indirect association.
Keywords: big data, correlation method, data integration, architecture, information analysis system

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Gang Zeng, "Correlation Method for Public Security Information in Big Data Environment"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• New idea for solving safety factor of slope
  Zhai Yong-Chao; Zhao Bo; Zhao Bing; Wang Fu-Qiang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Strength reduce method is an important way to solve the safety factor of slope, it has been applied widely since it was proposed. Based on strength reduce method built-in FLAC-3D software and traditional automatic strength reduce based on method of bisection, the paper introduces a new strength reduce method based on golden section point that it can more quickly find out safety factor of slope. And through the examples help to prove that this new strength reduce method not only can acquire the safety factor of slope more quickly than the method built-in FLAC3D software and traditional automatic strength reduce method but also can has the same accuracy with the other methods.
Keywords: FLAC3D; strength reduce method; golden section point; example verification

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Zhai Yong-Chao; Zhao Bo; Zhao Bing; Wang Fu-Qiang, "New idea for solving safety factor of slope"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Data Hiding Using Reversibly Designed Difference-Pair Method
  Er. Ranjeet Kaur, Er. Hitesh Pahuja
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

There is no question that data hiding has increasingly drawn extensive attention recently. This report presents a data hiding technique based on the modification of image histogram. It is fully reversible, that means, the original cover image can be recovered from the marked image, after the hidden data has been extracted. In this work, a data hiding scheme using reversibly designed difference-pair method is presented. In comparison to the previous work, since only one pixel of a pixel-pair was allowed to be modified by 1 bit in value, their embedding capacity was low. The embedding algorithm should have higher embedding capacity as this was the major drawback. Therefore it was decided to work on an algorithm which can increase embedding capacity in reversible domain. Results achieved after the execution of algorithms were compared with the existed work to draw result oriented conclusion.
Keywords: Difference Pair Mapping, Embedding Capacity, Pixel Pair Mapping, Reversible Data Hiding

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Er. Ranjeet Kaur, Er. Hitesh Pahuja, "Data Hiding Using Reversibly Designed Difference-Pair Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Utilization of Electronic Waste Plastic in Concrete
  Vivek S. Damal, Saurabh S. Londhe, Ajinkya B. Mane
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In India, bitumen pavements are commonly used for highways. Due to the increasing traffic intensity, distress such as rutting and cracking of pavements are very common in Indian roads. Under varying seasonal temperature, flexible pavements tend to become soft in summer and brittle in winter. Investigations revealed that properties of concrete can be better than bitumen roads. But now a day‟s concrete roads are used commonly because concrete roads have more life span than the bitumen roads. In large cities now a day‟s concrete roads are used because concrete roads are more durable, strengthen and having more life span than bitumen roads. Waste plastics and E-waste (electronic waste) both by domestic and industrial sectors can be used in the production of asphalt mix. Waste plastic, mainly used for packing are made up of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. Electronic waste, abbreviated as e-waste, consists of discarded old computers, TVs, refrigerators; radios, etc are basically any electrical or electronic appliance that has reached its end of life. An experimental study is made on the utilization of E-waste particles as fine aggregates in concrete with a percentage replacement ranging from 0 % to 21.5% i.e. (7.5%, 15% and 21.5%) on the strength criteria of M30 Concrete. Compressive strength Concrete with and without E- waste plastic as aggregates was observed which exhibits a good strength. The feasibility of utilizing E-waste plastic particles as partial replacement of fine aggregate has been presented. In the present study, compressive strength was investigated for Optimum Cement Content and 7.5% E-plastic content in mix yielded stability and very good in compressive strength of 43 grade cement.
Keyword— Compressive strength, E-waste.

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Vivek S. Damal, Saurabh S. Londhe, Ajinkya B. Mane, "Utilization of Electronic Waste Plastic in Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The existing problems of the bridge bearing capacity evaluation of asymmetric T type section
  Li Teng-fei, Zhao Bing
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Usually Grillage method commonly used and seeking lateral distribution coefficient method are based on solving the bridge in both internal forces and stress Symmetrical cross-section of the bridge. Therefore,this algorithm exists such a problem on bridge section asymmetry. In this paper, the finite element software beam elements were established, and a comparative analysis of solid elements to prove Grillage method and lateral distribution coefficient method in the calculation of internal forces of asymmetric cross section of bridge defects.
Keyword— Asymmetrical section, Transverse bending moment, Grillage method

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Li Teng-fei, Zhao Bing, "The existing problems of the bridge bearing capacity evaluation of asymmetric T type section"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Screening and acclimation of efficient simultaneous nitrification and denitrification bacteria and their application in biotreatment of high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater
  Jinling Ma, Yu Chen, Suye Mao, Jinghui Sun, Zhitang Lu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bacteria can complete nitrification and denitrification processes under aerobic conditions simultaneously, which has some obvious advantages in comparison with traditional method for nitrogen removal, such as reducing energy consumption and construction cost. Three SND bacteria strains, YX3, YX4 and YX6 were isolated from a polluted river and identified as Pseudomonas spp. by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing. After cultivated in liquid heterotrophic ammoniation medium at 30°C by shaking at 150 rpm for 3 d, the NH4+-N removal rates of strains YX3,YX4 and YX6 were 93.50%, 91.50% and 91.00%, respectively; and the total nitrogen removal rates of YX3, YX4 and YX6 were reached 85.75%, 87.33% and 90.46%, respectively. The NO3--N removal rates of strains YX3, YX4 and YX6 were 87.24%, 89.88% and 88.73%, respectively, after cultivated in liquid denitrification medium at 30°C by shaking at 150 rpm for 3 d. These results show that all these strains were capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. When strains YX3, YX4 and YX6 were faced to high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater, NH4+-N concentrations decreased from 500±78.47 to 238.14±63.77mg/L, 155.82±79.95 mg/L and 214.62±92.69 mg/L, respectively, after cultured at 150 rpm and 30°C for 3 d. After four months of acclimation, the NH4+-N remove rates were improved significantly under the same culture conditions and the NH4+-N concentrations decreased linearly from 500±81.79 to 151.9±88.70mg/L, 94.73±58.66 mg/L and 114.49±56.84 mg/L of strains YX3, YX4 and YX6, respectively. All the strains showed rather steady features in bio-denitrification of high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater after acclimation under laboratory conditions. This suggests that all the three strains have great application potential in high ammonia nitrogen pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Keywords: simultaneous nitrification and denitrification，nitrogen removal, acclimation, pharmaceutical wastewater, Pseudomonas

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Jinling Ma, Yu Chen, Suye Mao, Jinghui Sun, Zhitang Lu, "Screening and acclimation of efficient simultaneous nitrification and denitrification bacteria and their application in biotreatment of high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Utilizing GIS to Develop a Non-Signalized Intersection Data Inventory for Safety Analysis
  Jenna Simandl, Andrew J. Graettinger, Randy K. Smith, Timothy E. Barnett
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Roadway data inventories are being used across the nation to aid state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in decision making. The high number of intersection and intersection related crashes suggest the need for intersection-specific data inventories that can be associated to crash occurrences to help make better safety decisions. Currently, limited time and resources are the biggest difficulties for execution of comprehensive intersection data inventories, but online resources exist that DOTs can leverage to capture desired data. Researchers from The University of Alabama developed an online method to collect intersection characteristics for non-signalized intersections along state routes using Google Maps and Google Street View, which was tied to an Alabama DOT maintained geographic information systems (GIS) node-link linear referencing method. A GIS-Based Intersection Data Inventory Web Portal was created to collect and record non-signalized intersection parameters. Thirty intersections of nine different intersection types were randomly selected from across the state, totaling 270 intersections. For each intersection, up to 78 parameters were collected, compliant with the Model Inventory of Roadway Elements (MIRE) schema. Using the web portal, the data parameters corresponding to an average intersection can be collected and catalogued into a database in approximately 10 minutes. The collection methodology and web portal function independently of the linear referencing method; therefore, the tool can be tailored and used by any state with spatial roadway data. Preliminary single variable analysis was performed, showing that there are relationships between individual intersection characteristics and crash frequency. Future work will investigate multivariate analysis and develop safety performance functions and crash modification factors.
Key words: Data Inventory Web Tool, Geographic Information Systems, Non-Signalized Intersections, Transportation Safety

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Jenna Simandl, Andrew J. Graettingex, Randy K. Smith, Timothy E. Barnett, "Utilizing GIS to Develop a Non-Signalized Intersection Data Inventory for Safety Analysis"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• An Interactive Decomposition Algorithm for Two-Level Large Scale Linear Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Stochastic Parameters Using TOPSIS Method
  Tarek H. M. Abou-El-Enien
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper extended TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution) method for solving Two-Level Large Scale Linear Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Stochastic Parameters in the right- hand side of the constraints (TL-LSLMOP-SP)_rhs of block angular structure. In order to obtain a compromise ( satisfactory) solution to the (TL-LSLMOP-SP)_rhs of block angular structure using the proposed TOPSIS method, a modified formulas for the distance function from the positive ideal solution (PIS ) and the distance function from the negative ideal solution (NIS) are proposed and modeled to include all the objective functions of the two levels. In every level, as the measure of ―Closeness‖ dp-metric is used, a k-dimensional objective space is reduced to two –dimentional objective space by a first-order compromise procedure. The membership functions of fuzzy set theory is used to represent the satisfaction level for both criteria. A single-objective programming problem is obtained by using the max-min operator for the second –order compromise operaion. A decomposition algorithm for generating a compromise ( satisfactory) solution through TOPSIS approach is provided where the first level decision maker (FLDM) is asked to specify the relative importance of the objectives. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is given to clarify the main results developed in the paper.
Key words: Stochastic Multiobjective Optimization, Two-level decision Making Problems, TOPSIS Method, Decomposition Techniques, Fuzzy Sets

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Tarek H. M. Abou-El-Enien, "An Interactive Decomposition Algorithm for Two-Level Large Scale Linear Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Stochastic Parameters Using TOPSIS Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using Bat Algorithm for the Improvement of Voltage Profile
  D. Venugopal, Dr. A. Jayalaxmi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes optimal location of FACTS devices in power system using Evolutionary algorithms. The location of FACTS controllers, their type and rated values are optimized simultaneously by using the proposed algorithm. From the FACTS devices family, shunt device Static Var Compensator (SVC) is considered. The proposed BAT algorithm is a very effective method for the optimal choice and placement of SVC device to improve the Voltage profile of power systems. The proposed algorithm has been applied to IEEE 30 bus system.
Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission System, Static Var Compensator, Voltage Stability.

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D. Venugopal, Dr. A. Jayalaxmi, "Optimal Location of Static Var Compensator Using Bat Algorithm for the Improvement of Voltage Profile" Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dual Band Print Antenna for Wireless Applications with Enhanced Isolation
  Ajinkya Vekhande, Ajinkya Joshi, Madhur Kapse, Sagar Lohit, Yashashree Bhange
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes a PIFA type MIMO antenna for wireless applications. The MIMO antenna consists of two identical PIFA antennas on both ends of an FR4 substrate and operates over a frequency band of 2-4 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for IEEE 801.11n and PCS applications. A vertical conducting line along with the T-shaped element extended from patch is inserted between two PIFAs in order to increase the isolation. Also implementation of neutral line connected with 2 PIFAs helps to enhance isolation. A partial ground plane is used to feed the antennas. The isolation mechanism will be discussed in this article. The MIMO antenna occupies complete dimensions of antenna. The overall dimension of 15 mm × 55 mm can be easily applied in the dongle element.
Keywords: MIMO antenna, PIFA, WLAN, Dongle, Isolation.

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Ajinkya Vekhande, Ajinkya Joshi, Madhur Kapse, Sagar Lohit, Yashashree Bhange, "Dual Band Print Antenna for Wireless Applications with Enhanced Isolation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Bacillus sp. as a biopreservative for food preservation
  S. Nath, S. Chowdhury, and K.C. Dora
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Food preservation is enhancing shelf-life and food quality to eliminate food-related illness and product spoilage, especially by the use of food additives.The growing consumer demand for effective preservation of food without altering its nutritional quality and free of potential health risks andto find an attractive and alternative approach to chemical preservatives, have stimulated research in the field of biopreservation by the use of natural or controlled microbiota and/or their antimicrobial compounds including very recent innovation: Bacillus sp., the ubiquitous, Gram positive bacteria, producing inhibitory substances like cyclic peptides and bacteriocins, with a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a history of safe use in food. Bacillus spores are also being used extensively as probiotic food supplements where they are used in human as dietary supplements and in feed for livestock and aquaculture as growth promoters.A novel concept multi-target food preservation has emerged in relation to hurdle technology stating the microbial safety, stability, sensorial and nutritional qualities of foods are based on the application of combined preservative factors (called hurdles including Bacillus sp.) that microorganisms present in the food are unable to overcome, thus leading to inhibition of microbial growth by disturbing their homeostasis and metabolic exhaustion and avoiding tress reaction by bacteria. Future exploration of the natural preservatives and/or their metabolites, in combination with advanced technologies could result in replacement of chemical preservatives, or could allow less severe processing (e.g. heat) treatments, while still maintaining adequate microbiological safety and quality in foods.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity, Bacillus subtilis, bacteriocin, biopreservative.

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S. Nath, S. Chowdhury, and K.C. Dora, "Application of Bacillus sp. as a biopreservative for food preservation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Chemical reduction technique for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles
  Ankur Pandey, R. Manivannan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Chemical reduction technique was used to synthesize nickel powder using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent, nickel chloride hexahydrate as precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent in ethylene glycol medium. Experiments were carried out with mole ratios 13:1 and 20:1 of hydrazine to nickel chloride hexahydrate by keeping the amounts of ethylene glycol and NaOH as constant. Variation of capping agent concentration and temperature was also studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed and the crystal size was calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation. XRD peaks where corresponds to that of the face-centered cubic nickel crystals, in accordance with the literature. Likewise, no oxygen peaks were found in XRD pattern, which confirm the absence of oxide formation in nickel. Morphological studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The elemental composition was found to be nickel with small traces of oxygen.
Keywords: Chemical reduction, ethylene glycol, hydrazine hydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

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Ankur Pandey, R. Manivannan, "Chemical reduction technique for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Shear and Flexural Behaviour of R.C.C. Beam With Circular Opening Strengthened By CFRP Sheets
  VinayChakrasali, Prof. Shaik Abdulla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper explores the behavior of R.C.C. beam with circular opening strengthened by CFRP sheets. In this experimental work five beams were casted, one beam without opening (i.e. solid beam) and one with circular post opening and considered as control beams. The remaining three beams were externally strengthened by Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets with different strengthening schemes i.e. around the opening, inside the opening. These beams were simply supported and tested less than two points loading in the loading frame. The behaviors of such beams were studied in terms of load carrying capacity, load-deflection behavior and cracking patterns. From the test results it is concluded that the ultimate load carrying capacity of the R.C.C. beam strengthened with CFRP sheets increased in the range of 13.01% to 55.32%. Among all the strengthening schemes, the strengthening with CFRP around and inside the opening was found very effective in improving the ultimate load carrying capacity of beam.
Keywords: Reinforced concrete beams, Beams with circular opening, CFRP, Strengthening schemes, Ultimateload carrying capacity.

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VinayChakrasali, Prof. Shaik Abdulla, "Shear and Flexural Behaviour of R.C.C. Beam With Circular Opening Strengthened By CFRP Sheets"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• LDPC Coded Pilot-Tone Assisted MPSK CO-OFDM System
  ManjuShree H.L, Prof.Suresha V. B.E
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pilot-tone assisted log-likelihood ratio (PT-LLR) is derived for LDPC-coded, coherent optical OFDM system in the presence of linear phase noise (LPN). The knowledge of common phase error (CPE) obtained from the pilot-tone is incorporated into the new LLR metric, which eliminates the need for prior CPE estimation and compensation. Compare our metric with the conventional LLR (C-LLR) through extensive simulation using their approximate versions (APT-LLR, AC-LLR). APT-LLR has the same order of complexity as AC-LLR while it outperforms AC-LLR for higher-order modulation formats (16-QAM, 64-QAM) at smaller pilot-tone-to-signal power ratios (PSR). With the help of time-domain blind intercarrier interference (ICI) mitigation, both metrics perform better in the presence of larger laser linewidth.
Keyword: Pilot-tone assisted, log-likelihood ratio, linear phase noise, common phase error, LDPC coded OFDM.

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ManjuShree H.L, Prof.Suresha V. B.E, "LDPC Coded Pilot-Tone Assisted MPSK CO-OFDM System"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Analysis of Fly Ash & Coir Fiber Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement
  Er. Amit Kumar Ahirwar, Prof. Rajesh Joshi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In India Thermal power plants which use pounded coal as a fuel, generates million tones of fly ash every year as a waste. Conservative clearance of this material which gets easily air-borne and constitutes a serious health hazards to the community, is an expensive operation. A part from this compacted fly ash can be used in embankments, road sub-bases and also for structural fills. The major drawbacks of such materials are their limited load carrying capacity and poor settlement characteristics. The concert of such materials can substantially be improved by introducing reinforcing element in the direction of improving its compressive and flexural strength for superior durability. Use of natural materials such as Jute, coir and bamboo, as reinforcing materials to fly ash are very cheap and they are locally available in huge quantity, of all the natural fibers, coir has the greatest tearing strength and it retains this property even in wet conditions. In this framework a composite with fly ash, conventional concrete and treated coconut fibers, available in plenty in rural areas of India have been investigated. These composites can be a good proposition and with this, experimental investigation to study the effects of replacement of cement (by volume) with different percentages of fly ash and the effects of addition of processed natural coconut fiber on flexural strength, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity was taken up. AS per IRC, A Design mix proportion was designed for the normally popular M30 concrete for pavement construction in India. In this, Cement was replaced with percentages (10, 20, 30 and 40%) of Class C fly ash and of coconut fibers (0.50 and 1.0 %) having 40 mm length were used. Test results show that the replacement of 43 grades ordinary Portland cement with fly ash showed an increase in compressive strength and flexural strength for the chosen mix proportion.
Keyword: Concrete, coir, fly ash, mechanical properties.

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Er. Amit Kumar Ahirwar1, Prof. Rajesh Joshi, "Experimental Analysis of Fly Ash & Coir Fiber Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Test of Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Ethanol Blends
  B.K.L.Murthy, N.Srinivasarao, K.Sudhakar, M. Satyanarayana, M. Nagendra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Environmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC)engines. As an alternative, biodegradable and renewable fuel, ethanol is receiving increasing attention. An experimental investigation on the application of the blends of ethanol with diesel to a diesel engine was carried out. First the solubility of ethanol and diesel was conducted with and without the additive of normal butanol (n-butanol). The purpose of this project is to find the optimum percentage of ethanol that gives simultaneously better performance and lower emissions. The experiments were conducted on a water-cooled single-cylinder Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine using 0% (neat diesel fuel), 10% (E10-D), 15%(E15–D), 20% (E20–D), and 25%(E25–D) ethanol–diesel blended fuels. Experimental tests were carried out to study the performance of the engine fuelled with the blends compared with those fuelled by diesel. The test results show that it is feasible and applicable for the blends with n-butanol to replace pure diesel as the fuel for diesel engine.
Keyword: Diesel, Ethanol, N-butanol

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B.K.L.Murthy, N.Srinivasarao, K.Sudhakar, M. Satyanarayana, M. Nagendra, "Performance Test of Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Ethanol Blends"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Plasma finishing on Cotton Fabric
  Ajay Shankar Joshi, Dr. Uttam Sharma & Samarth Bais, Jaimini Joshi, Rajeev Prajapati, Govind Kushwah, Chetan Prajapat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

"Plasma" word is derived from the Greek and referring to the "something molded or fabricated". Plasma treatments are gaining popularity in the textile industry. Plasma treatment has to be controlled carefully to avoid detrimental action of the plasma onto the substrate. Plasma surface treatments show distinct advantages, because they are able to modify the surface properties of inert materials, sometimes with environment friendly devices. For fabrics, cold plasma treatments require the development of reliable and large systems. Application of "Plasma Technology" in chemical processing of textiles is one of the revolutionary ways to boost the textile wet processing right from pre-treatments to finishing.

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Ajay Shankar Joshi, Dr. Uttam Sharma & Samarth Bais, Jaimini Joshi, Rajeev Prajapati, Govind Kushwah, Chetan Prajapat, "Application of Plasma finishing on Cotton Fabric"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Multiple Valued Logic for Synthesis and Simulation of Digital Circuits
  Bharathi.S.L, Nagha nandhini.V.D, Sow Swetha, Sowmiya.R, Sukanya.B
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Multiple valued logic(MVL) has increased attention in the last decades because of the possibility to represent the information with more than two discrete levels.Advancing from two-valued to four-valued logic provides a progressive approach. In new technologies, the most delay and power occurs in the connections between gates. When designing a function using MVL, we need fewer gates,which implies less number of connections, then less delay. In the existing system, the 4:1 multiplexer is designed using the MVL logic and various paramaters are analysed. In the proposed system, the idea of designing a Barrel shifter using the multiple valued logic and the parameters are all analyzed. All these designs are verified using Modelsim simulator.
Keywords: Feynman, Fredkin, Multiple valued reversible logic, Reversible Barrel shifter

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Bharathi.S.L, Nagha nandhini.V.D, Sow Swetha, Sowmiya.R, Sukanya.B, "Multiple Valued Logic for Synthesis and Simulation of Digital Circuits"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes' second problem for unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium
  Dr. G. Prabhakararao, M. Naga Sasikala, Dr. P. Gayathri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we investigated the combined effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes' second problem for unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium. The expressions for the velocity field and the temperature field are obtained analytically. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the velocity field and temperature field are studied in detail with the aid of graphs.
Keywords: Hall parameter, MHD, Second grade fluid, Stokes' second problem.

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Dr. G. Prabhakararao, M. Naga Sasikala, Dr. P. Gayathri, "Effects of Hall and thermal on MHD Stokes' second problem for unsteady second grade fluid flow through porous medium"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Heat Transfer on Steady MHD rotating flow through porous medium in a parallel plate channel
  Dr. G. Prabhakara Rao, M. Naga Sasikala, Dr. P. Gayathri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We discussed the combined effects of radiative heat transfer and a transverse magnetic field on steady rotating flow of an electrically conducting optically thin fluid through a porous medium in a parallel plate channel and non-uniform temperatures at the walls. The analytical solutions are obtained from coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the problem. The computational results are discussed quantitatively with the aid of the dimensionless parameters entering in the solution.
Keywords: steady hydro magnetic flows, three dimensional flows, parallel plate channel, porous medium, radiative heat, optically thin fluid.

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Dr. G. Prabhakara Rao, M. Naga Sasikala, Dr. P. Gayathri, "Heat Transfer on Steady MHD rotating flow through porous medium in a parallel plate channel"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Stochastic Model To Find The Effect Of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Hormone Based On The Length Of Small Intestine Using Cauchy Distribution
  Dr. P. Senthil Kumar and Ms. R. Abirami
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The study was to evaluate the GIP response when glucose was infused into the duodenum of eight healthy males over 60 minutes on the first day into an isolated 60-cm segment of proximal small intestine. On the second day the same amount of glucose was infused to entire small intestine. GIP did not differ between days. In this paper the problem is investigated by largest discontinuity of Cauchy distribution.
Keywords: GIP, Endocrine k cells, Cauchy distribution

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Dr. P. Senthil Kumar and Ms. R. Abirami, "Stochastic Model To Find The Effect Of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Hormone Based On The Length Of Small Intestine Using Cauchy Distribution"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• MHD Natural Convection Flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid through porous medium from a vertical flat plate
  Dr. G. Prabhakara Rao, M.Naga sasikala Dr. P. Gayathri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We consider a two-dimensional MHD natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous and electrically conducting fluid through porous medium past a vertical impermeable flat plate is considered in presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the ordinary differential equations by introducing appropriate coordinate transformations. We solve that ordinary differential equations and find the velocity profiles, temperature profile, the skin friction and nusselt number. The effects of Grashof number (Gr), Hartmann number (M) and Prandtl number (Pr), Darcy parameter (D^-1) on velocity profiles and temperature profiles are shown graphically.
Keyword— Natural convection, Grashof number (Gr), Hartmann number (M) and Prandtl number (Pr), Darcy ^-1)

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Dr. G. Prabhakara Rao, M.Naga sasikala Dr. P. Gayathri, "MHD Natural Convection Flow of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid through porous medium from a vertical flat plate"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Big Data Security Analytic Solution using Splunk
  P.Charishma, K.Venkatesh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Over the past decade, usage of online applications is experiencing remarkable growth. One of the main reasons for the success of web application is its "Ease of Access" and availability on internet. The simplicity of the HTTP protocol makes it easy to steal and spoof identity. The business liability associated with protecting online information has increased significantly and this is an issue that must be addressed. According to SANSTop20, 2013 list the number one targeted server side vulnerability are Web Applications. So, this has made detecting and preventing attacks on web applications a top priority for IT companies. In this paper, a rational solution is brought to detect events on web application and provides Security intelligence, log management and extensible reporting by analyzing web server logs.
Keyword— Web application, Web-server logs, splunk, SIEM, Security Intelligence, Log Management, Splunk Forwarder

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P.Charishma, K.Venkatesh, "Big Data Security Analytic Solution using Splunk"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Generating Router Level Topology Using Dns And Ip Identifier
  Rohini Ambure, Subodh Karve
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Capturing an accurate view of the Internet topology is of great interest to the networking research community as it has many uses ranging from the design and evaluation of new protocols and services. But in real, topologies are not publicly available because ISPs generally regard their router-level topologies as confidential. So we define the steps for how to generate the router level topology within a minimum time with more accurate to the actual one. This paper describes the design of this steps and presents some preliminary analysis of the resulting router level topology.
Keywords: Router Level Topology; Internet Topology; Alias Resolution

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Rohini Ambure, Subodh Karve, "Generating Router Level Topology Using Dns And Ip Identifier"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Embedded Based Electronic Voting Machine Using Password
  Varkala Vinay, V.Sravanthi, Ch. Mounika
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Electronic voting machine plays a key role in elections. The Earlier EVM'S needs more man power, time and mislead the voting scenario due to influence of local people vote and after voting the other may vote only after the Password is set then the system gets ready to accept the polling. After completion of the polling we may make the system to reset .If the person is authenticated then the vote is issued and the polling process is done using buzzer system, else that denies the process. At every regular intervals of time the polled votes are recorded and give the count that how many votes are casted through LCD. This system gives an efficient way to conduct elections and display the results on the same day.

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Varkala Vinay, V.Sravanthi, Ch. Mounika, "Embedded Based Electronic Voting Machine Using Password"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Android Based Complaint Management System For Municipal Corporation
  Trupti Bomble, Ritika Raut, Ruchi Kanekar, Prof.Shekh AhmadHusen
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This Application will help the common people under the jurisdiction of a municipal corporation to register their grievances about day to day problems in their ward through a mobile application. It will provide a common man to deliver his complaints and problems to municipal authority as well as let the municipal authorities to address the problem in a short period of time. This application provides an interface to register one's complained and follow it up. It provides a camera module which help clicking up a picture of any problem that people are facing and upload its image along with the complaint. The location of complaint is tracked by Global Positioning System (GPS) unit.
Key words: Global Positioning System (GPS); Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM);

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Trupti Bomble, Ritika Raut, Ruchi Kanekar, Prof.Shekh AhmadHusen, "Android Based Complaint Management System For Municipal Corporation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Speed control of Separately Excited DC Motor using various Conventional Controllers
  Miss. Pranoti Khanke, Assi. Prof. Sangeeta Jain
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents comparative study of various conventional controllers such as Proportional (P), Proportional Derivative (PD), Proportional integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller for a speed control of a Separately Excited Direct Current (SEDC) motor by using MATLAB / SIMULINK. All controllers have their specific function for a particular task. The speed control normally done by feedback loop or closed loop. The aim of development of this paper is towards providing efficient and simple method for controlling the speed. The auto - tuning method are used to for this paper to control the speed. Among all this controllers PI controller are frequently utilized in industries as compared to PID because Derivative action are sensitive to noise, though PID controller will improve the steady state error. Additionally it produces less overshoot, decreasing rise time and settling time. The MATLAB simulation are analysed and compared by using the auto tuning method.
Keywords: Proportional (P), Proportional – Derivative (PD), Proportional - Integral (PI), Proportional –

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Miss. Pranoti Khanke, Assi. Prof. Sangeeta Jain, "Speed control of Separately Excited DC Motor using various Conventional Controllers"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study the factors on which efficiency of cooling tower can be critically acclaimed (A case Study)
  Krishna S. Vishwakarma, Arpit S. Bhoyar, Saahil K. Larokar,Vaibhav V. Hote, Saurabh Bhudhbaware
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water cooling is widely used in many industrial processes to control heat removal from a hot material surface. In order to control the temperature distributions, a deeper understanding more accurate estimation of spray heat transfer rates is needed. In a new technique combining experiment and computational modeling developed for water cooling. It is better to understand the heat transfer mechanisms from the combustion gases to the cooling water and then from the cooling water to the environment. To meet this need a logic tree is developed to provide guidance on how to balance and identify problems within cooling system and schedule appropriate maintenance. Fluid dynamics, Thermodynamics and Heat transfer are involved in developing a cooling system model and the operation is familiar to the general operating companies. There will be the comparison and parametric investigation of the cooling system model in the logic tree and the results are summarized as tables and charts. The objective is to identify the several ways of improving efficiency of cooling tower. In this study we are doing the comparison ofsome calculations regarding the cooling tower.
Keywords: Cooling tower, efficiency, comparison, table & chart

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Krishna S. Vishwakarma, Arpit S. Bhoyar, Saahil K. Larokar,Vaibhav V. Hote, Saurabh Bhudhbaware, "Study the factors on which efficiency of cooling tower can be critically acclaimed (A case Study"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence Of Surface Roughness On Ultra-High-Cycle Fatigue Of Aisi 4140 Steel
  Daniel Januário Cordeiro Gomes; Ernani Sales Palma; Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Low and high-cycle fatigue life regimes are well studied and are relatively well understood. However, recent fatigue studies on steels have shown that fatigue failures can occur at low amplitudes even below the conventional fatigue limit in the ultra-high-cycle fatigue range (life higher than 10⁷ cycles). Fatigue life in the regime of 10⁶ to 10⁸ cycles-to-failure in terms of the influence of manufacturing processes on fatigue strength is examined. Specifically, the influence of surface roughness of turned surfaces of AISI 4140 steel specimens on fatigue strength in the giga cycle or ultra-high-cycle fatigue range is evaluated. The fatigue experiments were carried out at room temperature, with zero mean stress, on a rotating-bending fatigue testing machine of the constant bending moment type. The fatigue strength of the specimens were determined using the staircase (or up-and-down) method.
Keywords: Giga cycles, ultra-high-cycle fatigue, super long life regime, very high cycle regime, fatigue limit, surface roughness, surface integrity.

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Daniel Januário Cordeiro Gomes; Ernani Sales Palma; Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, "Influence Of Surface Roughness On Ultra-High-Cycle Fatigue Of Aisi 4140 Steel"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Selection of Fuel by Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
  Asilata M. Damle, Dr. I. P. Keswani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Selection of fuel is a very important and critical decision one has to make. Various criteria are to be considered while selecting a fuel. Some of important criteria are Fuel Economy, Availability of fuel, Pollution from vehicle, Maintenance of the vehicle. Selection of best fuel is a complex situation. It needs a multi-criteria analysis. Earlier, the solution to the problem were found by applying classical numerical methods which took into account only technical and economic merits of the various alternatives. By applying multi-criteria tools, it is possible to obtain more realistic results. This paper gives a systematic analysis for selection of fuel by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This is a multi-criteria decision making process. By using AHP we can select the fuel by comparing various factors in a mathematical model. This is a scientific method to find out the best fuel by making pairwise comparisons.
Keywords: AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process; LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas; MS- Motor Spirit or Petrol; HSD- High speed Diesel; CNG- Compressed Natural Gas

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Asilata M. Damle, Dr. I. P. Keswani, "Selection of Fuel by Using Analytical Hierarchy Process"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimising Data Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm
  Mubeena Shaik, Naseema Shaik, Ahmed Unnisa Begum, Sameera Iqbal, Dr P.Uma, Raheem Unnisa Begum
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

K-means is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set through a certain number of clusters (assume k clusters) fixed a priori. The main idea is to define k centroids, one for each cluster. These centroids should be placed in a cunning way because of different location causes different result. So, the better choice is to place them as much as possible far away from each other.

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Mubeena Shaik, Naseema Shaik, Ahmed Unnisa Begum, Sameera Iqbal, Dr P.Uma, Raheem Unnisa Begum, "Optimising Data Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Verison-4

• Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Glass Powder
  Mohd Vasique Hussain, Rajiv Chandak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of M-30 grade of concrete to determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength by partially replacement of cement by waste glass powder. Cement was partially replaced by waste glass powder in 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. All the tests were performed according to Bureau of Indian standards. The results thus obtained were compared and examined with respect to the control specimen. The addition of waste glass powder enhances its compressive strength as well as split tensile strength. The optimum percentage of partially replacing cement by glass powder was 10% which showed the maximum improvement in compressive and split tensile strength.
Keywords: Concrete, Waste Glass Powder, Pozzolanic Materials, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength.

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Mohd Vasique Hussain, Rajiv Chandak, "Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Glass Powder"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The analysis of the road's ecological environment and case study
  Wang Song
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The mileages of both urban roads and highways are in the process of rising. Therefore, the problems about road's ecological environment have been put out. This paper, analysing some basic ecological environmental problems in G Road, District Fang Cheng Gang , Guangxi Province, pointed out that the roads and highways are the products during the development of economy and society, which need to be balanced by factors like natural eco-environment and social eco-environment. At the same time, different questions occur in construction and running phase should be focused and tackled.
Keywords: eco-environment, roads, slow-down policies

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Wang Song, "The analysis of the road's ecological environment and case study"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Public Key Cryptosystem Approach for P2P Botnet Detection and Prevention
  Anas Aliyu Usman, A Arokiaraj Jovith
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Distributed (P2P) botnets have as of late been received by botmasters for their versatility against take-down endeavors. Other than being harder to bring down, p2p botnets tend to be stealthier in the way they perform vindictive exercises, making current discovery approaches ineffectual. In this paper, we simulate our proposal by detecting a gray hole attack in an Ad Hoc network using NS2.The detected malicious node is listed in a black hole list and notices all other nodes in the network to stop communicating with them. Our botnet location framework has been equipped for identifying stealthy P2P botnets (Gray Hole nodes) and can reduce packet loss caused by malicious nodes and have a better packet delivery ratio (PDR) within less period of time.
Keywords: Peer-to-Peer (P2P), bot, Botnet, Bot-master

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Anas Aliyu Usman, A Arokiaraj Jovith, "Public Key Cryptosystem Approach for P2P Botnet Detection and Prevention"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimizing Security in Smartphones using Interactive CAPTCHA (iCAPTCHA)
  Aisha Umar Suleiman, A. Arokiaraj Jovith
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Websites such as email providers use Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) which is a simple test easily solved by humans but not by computers and hence provides a way of distinguishing a legitimate human user from an attacker. Methods have been developed like the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and the third party human attack which have made CAPTCHAs vulnerable. The third party human attack poses a real threat to the use of CAPTCHA which can be easily shown using the Instant Messenger CAPTCHA Attack (IMCA). A new defense system, the interactive CAPTCHA (iCAPTCHA) was developed to defend against third party human solver attacks. The iCAPTCHA is solved via user interactions and the back-and-forth traffic between the client and server amplifies the statistical timing difference between a third party human attacker and a legitimate human user. The aim of this research is to use iCAPTCHA in Smartphones which will be solved after a certain number of password trials. However iCAPTCHA alone cannot provide sufficient security, therefore to further provide security, the iCAPTCHA will be encrypted using RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Keywords: attacks, CAPTCHA, cryptosystems, security, smartphones.

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Aisha Umar Suleiman, A. Arokiaraj Jovith, "Optimizing Security in Smartphones using Interactive CAPTCHA (iCAPTCHA)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Distributed Mathematical Model of Vasopressin in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  Geetha.T and Sharmiladevi.S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Disorders of water and sodium balance are frequently seen in patients with severe brain injury (SBI), and may worsen their prognosis. AVP serum levels remained within the normal range in SBI patients (either traumatic or non-traumatic), although tended to be greater in non-survivor than in survivor patients. AVP serum levels remained within the normal range values in these SBI patients, but those who died have shown higher incidence of abnormal sodium and water balance during the first week post-injury. We applied this to the steady-state availability of systems with times to outages and recoveries that are generally distributed. Also we provide the steady-state availability for a system subject to unplanned outages, for which times-to-outages are exponentially distributed and planned outages for which times-to outages have bounded distributions to check the damage of the hormonal levels.
Keywords: Vasopressin, SBI, TTP, Availability

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Geetha.T and Sharmiladevi.S, "Distributed Mathematical Model of Vasopressin in Patients with Severe Brain Injury"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Stochastic Model of Vasopressin by the Effect of Age
  Geetha.T and Sharmiladevi.S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The neurohypophysial hormone vasopressin contributes to control of urine output and, while urine flow shows a clear daily rhythm, there has been debate as to whether this is true of neurohypophysial hormones. A study was performed on fifteen adult males, with a mean age of 25 years, over a 24 h period. Vasopressin concentrations were inversely correlated with packed cell volume, indicating that the altered hormone release was affecting fluid retention. Consistent with this was the observation that the relationship of plasma osmolality to vasopressin depended on the time of day. To determine the effect of ageing, a similar study was performed on nine healthy elderly subjects with a mean age of 70 years. The nocturnal peak of vasopressin was markedly attenuated, while oxytocin release was similar to that in the younger group. We use the availability of system with distributed outages to check the hormone levels.
Keyword— Stress, System availability, Vasopressin, Oxytocin.

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Geetha.T and Sharmiladevi.Sm, "Stochastic Model of Vasopressin by the Effect of Age"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Quality Improvement Of Fan Manufacturing Industry By Using Basic Seven Tools Of Quality: A Case Study
  Sulaman Muhammad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Research was carried out in a Fan manufacturing industry to address the quality related problems and improve their quality level by implementing basic seven tools of quality. These are important tools used worldwide in manufacturing industries for continual improvement. Flow chart, Check sheet, Histogram, Cause & Effect diagram, Pareto chart, Scatter diagram & Control charts were implemented in different steps of manufacturing process to define the problem, measure its impact, finding out its root cause and its removal to ensure the production of non defective items. The case study was carried out in "FECTO FAN" Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Keyword— Quality Tools, Quality Improvement, Flow chart, Check sheet, Histogram, Cause & Effect diagram, Pareto chart, Scatter diagram, Control charts

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Sulaman Muhammad, "Quality Improvement Of Fan Manufacturing Industry By Using Basic Seven Tools Of Quality: A Case Study"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Production of Spirulina in semicontinuous cultivation using medium recycle
  Ana Priscila Centeno da Rosa, Thaisa Duarte Santos, Elisângela Martha Radmann, Fabrício Butierres Santana, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The biomass of cyanobacteria Spirulina is rich in bioactive compounds, with main applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrient consumption on the growth kinetics of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 grown in semicontinuous cultivation in raceway bioreactor. Zarrouk medium was used, maintaining the original concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, while the other nutrients varied by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Chemical determinations were performed in the biomass for each growth cycle. Spirulina sp. LEB 18 exhibited cell growth until approximately 130 days of experiment. The maximum specific growth rate (0.184 d^-1) and productivity (48.03 mg L^-1 d^-1) were observed in the trial with 50% Zarrouk medium, except for nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations reduced up to 100% and 64.8%, respectively. No significant difference (p <0.0003) was observed in the protein concentrations for all tests. The results showed that Spirulina sp. LEB 18 can provide high growth rate and productivity, as well as production of proteic biomass when cultivated with lower nutrients concentration in Zarrouk medium, thus reducing production costs.
Keywords: cyanobacteria, lipids, nutrients, protein, raceway

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Ana Priscila Centeno da Rosa, Thaisa Duarte Santos, Elisângela Martha Radmann, Fabrício Butierres Santana, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, "Production of Spirulina in semicontinuous cultivation using medium recycle"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Secure Bus-Ticketing System using NFC
  Monalisa Lopes, Grishma Shah, Nandini Vyas, Saloni Shetye, Sohagani Shah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For making the day to day life more convenient for the passengers travelling in bus some technologies can be used like Near Field Communication (NFC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The proposed system is based on ticketing and identification of passengers in public transport. The system suggest a user friendly automated ticketing system which will automatically deduct the passengers fare according to the distance travelled as well as detect the passengers detail information. The system also helps to calculate the total revenue of a single bus in a day. Another important aspect is reusability, which helps use ticket multiple times as it is rechargeable.
Key words: E-ticket, Near Field Communication (NFC), NFC Card, NFC Reader, radio frequency.

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Monalisa Lopes, Grishma Shah, Nandini Vyas, Saloni Shetye, Sohagani Shah, "Secure Bus-Ticketing System using NFC"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Review: Wireless Biomedical Parameter Monitoring System
  Harshavardhan B. Patil, Prof. V. M. Umale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this review paper we will develop wireless biomedical parameter monitoring system using Zig Bee. The system can be used to monitor physiological parameters, such as Blood pressure (Systolic and Diastolic), Pulse rate, Temperature of a human subject. Using several sensors to measure different vital signs, the person is wirelessly monitored within his own home. Impact sensor has been used to detect falls. The device detects if person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for used outdoors.
Key words: Sensors, wireless transmission, ZigBee.

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Harshavardhan B. Patil, Prof. V. M. Umale, "Review: Wireless Biomedical Parameter Monitoring System"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Extension of Direct Strength Method for Slender Cold Formed Steel Column Sections with Perforations
  PravinAwalkonde, Akshata Deshpande
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Revolutionary development has taken place in the design methodology of thin walled structures since the introduction of direct strength method (DSM) (Dr. B Schafer 2004). DSM gives direct approach for analyzing and designing the cold formed steel sections. The effort has also been put to extend DSM for the cold formed steel sections with perforations by Dr. C D Moen(2008). Though this method gives fairly accurate results for columns with medium height, but the method is not suitable for very short and slender columns. In this paper effort has been put to suggest modification in DSM formulae for slender columns. Particular column section was modelled with finite element method with different height and thickness combinations. The same section was then analyzed by DSM in CUFSM 4.06 software. Sufficient database was created through this, and the variation in the results with DSM was incorporated in modified formula in terms of thickness and length.
Keywords: cold formed steel, DSM, slender columns, perforation.

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PravinAwalkonde, Akshata Deshpande, "Extension of Direct Strength Method for Slender Cold Formed Steel Column Sections with Perforations"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Different Softening Agents on Khadi
  Ms. Shivi Rastogi, Prof. Suman Pant and Mrs. Anubhooti Agarwal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The effect of different synthetic softeners viz anionic, nonionic, and cationic softeners on physical properties i.e., stiffness, crease recovery and drape ability of cotton khadi fabric has been presented in this study. Effect of different concentration of finishing agents and thickness of fabric on stiffness, crease recovery and drapeability has been analyzed. It was found that alteration in softness of fabric application depends, to an extent (in part) upon amount of finish used. As on increasing the concentration of finish there was decrease in bending length and drape coefficient. It also depends upon type of finishing agents used. Maximum decrease in drape coefficient and stiffness was seen in fabrics. After treatment of various softeners drape coefficient of khadi fabrics have been decreased and fabric becomes very lumpy. Highest decrease in drape coefficient has been found in mediun weight khadi fabrics treated with all softeners. As the concentration of softeners increased drape coefficient was decreased simultaneously. Maximum increases in crease recovery were seen in fabric treated with anionic softener at concentration of 4% and were seen minimum in nonionic softener.
Keywords: Softeners, cationic, anionic, nonionic, drape, stiffness, crease recovery.

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Ms. Shivi Rastogi, Prof. Suman Pant and Mrs. Anubhooti Agarwal, "Effect of Different Softening Agents on Khadi"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Brushless DC motor Drive during Speed regulation with Current Controller
  Bhikshalu Manchala, T.Amar Kiran
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is one of the best electrical drives that have increasing popularity, due to their high efficiency, reliability, good dynamic response and very low maintenance. Due to the increasing demand for compact & reliable motors and the evolution of low cost power semiconductor switches and permanent magnet (PM) materials, brushless DC motors become popular in every application from home appliances to aerospace industry. The conventional techniques for controlling the stator phase current in a brushless DC drive are practically effective in low speed and cannot reduce the commutation torque ripple in high speed range. This paper presents the PI controller for speed control of BLDC motor. The output of the PI controllers is summed and is given as the input to the current controller. The BLDC motor is fed from the inverter where the rotor position and current controller is the input. The complete model of the proposed drive system is developed and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The operation principle of using component is analysed and the simulation results are presented in this to verify the theoretical analysis.
Keywords: Bldcm- Brushless Direct Current Motor, Pm- Permanent Magnet, Pi- Proportional Integrated Controller.

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Bhikshalu Manchala, T.Amar Kiran, "Brushless DC motor Drive during Speed regulation with Current Controller"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Physico-Chemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Inkollu Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
  G. Arun Kumar, P. Sankara Pitchaiah, G. Sudhakar, Swarnalatha. G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Physico-chemical parameters of groundwater quality based on Physic-chemical parameters at Inkollu mandal, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India have been taken up to evaluate its suitability for Drinking purpose. Nine ground water samples were collected from different places of Inkollu mandal of Prakasam district. The quality analysis has been made through the pH, EC, TDS, Total Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride and Iron. By observing the results, it was shown that the parameters from the water samples were compared with WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards), USPH (United state Public health ) for ground water .The results revealed that some parameters were in high concentration and quality of the potable water has deteriorated to a large extent at some sampling locations.
Keywords: Drinking, Groundwater, Physicochemical, Water Quality.

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G. Arun Kumar, P. Sankara Pitchaiah, G. Sudhakar, Swarnalatha. G, "Physico-Chemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Inkollu Mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Low-Cost Sensor Network for Contamination Detection in Drinking Water
  Hemanth Kumar CH, Sowmya I
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper deals with the low cost and holistic approach to the water quality monitoring for drinking water distribution systems. Our approach is based on the development of low cost sensor nodes for real time water contamination monitoring using web based technology. The main sensor node consists of several electrochemical and optical sensors and emphasis is given on low cost, light-weight implementation, and reliable long time operation. We will interface the values of sensors to the internet by using the software python. The internet network would be used to monitoring the results of drinking water values.
Index terms: Turbidity sensor, PH sensor, Electronic conductivity sensor, flow sensor, temperature sensor.

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Hemanth Kumar CH, Sowmya I, "Low-Cost Sensor Network for Contamination Detection in Drinking Water"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Estimating Reliability of Power Factor Correction Circuits: A Comparative Study
  P.Srinivas, A.Sambasiva Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reliability plays an important role in power supplies, as every power supply is the very heart of every electronics equipment. For other electronic equipment, a certain failure mode, at least for a part of the total system, can often be tolerated without serious (critical) after effects. However, for the power supply no such condition can be accepted, since very high demands on the reliability must be achieved. At higher power levels, the CCM boost converter is preferred topology for implementation a front end with PFC. As a result significant efforts have been made to improve the performance of high boost converter. This paper is one the effort for improving the performance of the converter from the reliability point of view. In this paper a boost power factor correction converter is simulated with single switch and interleaving technique in CCM, DCM and CRM modes under different output power ratings and the reliability. Results of the converter are explored from reliability point of view.
Keywords: Reliability , Powerfactor Correction, Boost Converter, Simulation of converters

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P.Srinivas, A.Sambasiva Rao, "Estimating Reliability of Power Factor Correction Circuits: A Comparative Study"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-5

• Noise pollution in a Refining & Petrochemical Company in Nigeria
  J.O. Osarenmwinda and A.A Onojoserio
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, the concern about noise pollution is acquiring considerable importance especiallly in industrial enviroment where there exist alot of machinerys and equipment. The aim of this study was to determine the level of noise pollution generated by some plants specifically Carbon Black Plant, Power Plant & Utilities, Waste Water treatment Plant and Fuels Plant in Warri Refining & Petrochemical Company (WRPC), Warri, Nigeria and recommmend strageties for noise control. Noise level data was obtained from the environmental monitoring unit of WRPC for period April to November, 2012 .The results showed that the noise level exceeded the 85 dB(A) WHO recommended limit for industrial area in the Carbon Black Plant,Power Plant & Utilities and Fuels Plant in WRPC but was lower than 85 dB(A) in Waste Water treatment Plant section of WRPC.It was observed that such noise pollution can present health problems to the workers.Recommendations have been made to the company in this study to remedy this problems and challenges.
Keywords: Carbon black plant, fuel plant,, noise pollution, refining and petrochemical company, waste water plant.

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J.O. Osarenmwinda and A.A Onojoserio, "Noise pollution in a Refining & Petrochemical Company in Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design & Simulation of single frequency Rectangular Patch Antenna by Using HFSS
  Udayalakshmi D, Anuradha O, Alekhya K, S Nagakishore Bhavanam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An enhanced but simple single band Rectangular patch antenna is presented. This compact micro strip antenna is obtained by inserting small coaxial feed in a Rectangular patch antenna. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an RTduroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 3.2mm.The design is analysed by finite element method based HFSS simulator software (version 13.0).The simulated return loss obtained is -31.4402db at 2.4GHZ respectively. Therfore this antenna is applicable for SHF band applications.
Keywords: Frequency, Gain, HFSS, Patch Antenna, Return Loss, Substrate, SHF

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Udayalakshmi D, Anuradha O, Alekhya K, S Nagakishore Bhavanam, "Design & Simulation of single frequency Rectangular Patch Antenna by Using HFSS"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Contact Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Spur Gears using Finite Element Analysis and Comparison with Theoretical Results using Hertz Theory
  Mohammad Jebran Khan, Arunish Mangla, SajadHussain Din
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Gears or toothed wheels form a positive drive for power transmission system in precision machines wherein a definite velocity ratio is needed. Despite having high cost, complicated manufacturing, need of precise alignment of shafts and lubrication, the gear drives are preferred over other power transmission drives. One of the important reasons of preference being that of efficiency which is very high in gear drives, even upto 99 per cent in case of spur gears. Spur gears are the simplest of the gear drives having teeth cut parallel to the axis of the shaft. Herein, we report the contact stress analysis of Stainless Steel spur gears by theoretical method using Hertz equations and by Finite Element Analysis using FEA software ANSYS 14.0 Workbench. The spur gear is sketched and modelled in ANSYS Design Modeller and the contact stress analysis is done in Mechanical ANSYS Multiphysics. When compared, the results of both theoretical method and FEA show a good degree of agreement with each other.
Keywords: Spur Gear, Contact Stress, Hertz Equations, ANSYS 14.0 Workbench, Finite Element Analysis.

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Mohammad Jebran Khan, Arunish Mangla, SajadHussain Din, "Contact Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Spur Gears using Finite Element Analysis and Comparison with Theoretical Results using Hertz Theory"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Process Parameters of Tool Wear in Turning Operation
  Manik Barman, Dr. Sudip Mukherjee
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Tool Wear is of great apprehension in machining industries since itaffects the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and production cost of the materials / components. In the present study twenty seven experiments were conducted as per 3 parameter 3 level full factorial design for turning operation of a mild steel specimen with high speed steel (HSS) cutting tool. An experimental investigation on cutting tool wear and a mathematical model for tool wear estimation is reported in this paper where the model was simulated by computer programming and it has been found that this model is capable of estimating the wear rate of cutting tool and it provides an optimum set of process parameters for minimum tool wear.
Keywords: Tool Wear, Spindle speed, Depth of Cut, Feed Rate, DOE etc.

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Manik Barman, Dr. Sudip Mukherjee, "Optimization of Process Parameters of Tool Wear in Turning Operation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Research on the relationship between water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement
  Zhao Bing, Zhao Bo, Li Teng-fei, Zhai Yong-chao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the early destruction of asphalt pavement, water damage is the most major form.In this paper, experimental study was conducted on the composition of asphalt concrete,Marshall specimens were made in different types of aggregate gradation with the same kind of asphalt. Water immersion tests were conducted in order to analysis the relationship between the water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement.
Keywords: Asphalt Pavement, Water Damage, Aggregate gradation,Water immersion test

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Zhao Bing, Zhao Bo, Li Teng-fei, Zhai Yong-chao, "Research on the relationship between water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mechanical Strength of Particleboard Produced from Fonio Husk with Gum Arabic Resin Adhesive as Binder
  Ndububa E. E, Nwobodo D. C and Okeh, I. M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Fonio ("Acha") husk passing through a maximum 4mm sieve aperture was blended with an adhesive liquid resin of gum Arabic to form Fonio Husk Particleboard (FHP) samples. The resin binder was a product of crushed balls of gum Arabic that was mixed with water at ratio 4:3 by weight. The resin was introduced at percentage levels of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% by weight. After pressing, heat treatments and curing, the particleboard samples were tested for mechanical strengths. The compressive strength ranged from 0.057N/mm² at 20% level to 0.369N/mm² at 45% level. Tensile strength increased steadily with increase in resin levels peaking at 0.792 N/mm² for 45% level. The flexural strength followed the same trend peaking at 45% level with 3.697 N/mm². Some of the values met the minimum values prescribed by British, American and European Standards. The boards may not be used as load bearing materials but will be better suited as internal wall partitions and ceiling materials.

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Ndububa E. E, Nwobodo D. C and Okeh, I. M, "Mechanical Strength of Particleboard Produced from Fonio Husk with Gum Arabic Resin Adhesive as Binder"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Brief Study on Airship Using Aerospace, Electronic and Communication Applications
  Md.Abdul Sami, N.Alekhya Reddy, K.Akhil Reddy, Kanaka Bhushan, Kalyan Dagamoori, Rakesh Mudhiraj, Bheemarasetty.Prudhvi, Pikkalkar Praveen Kumar, G.Sai Pavan Kumar, Katte.Abhilash Teja
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recent years have seen an outpour of revived interest in the use of high altitude airships for a number of applications. Present day developments in materials, propulsion, solar panels,Wireless Communication and energy storage systems and the need for a more eco-oriented approach to flight are increasing the curiosity in airships, as the series of new projects deployed in recent years show; moreover, the exploitation of the always mounting simulation capabilities in CAD/CAE, CFD and FEA provided by modern computers allow an accurate design useful to optimize and reduce the development time of these vehicles. The purpose of this contribution is to examine the different aspects of airship development with a review of current modeling techniques for airship dynamics and aerodynamics along with conceptual design and optimization techniques, structural design and manufacturing technologies , wireless and energy system technologies .A brief history of airships is presented followed by an analysis of conventional and unconventional airships including current projects and conceptual designs
Keyword— CAD, CFD, Wireless Communication etc .

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Md.Abdul Sami, N.Alekhya Reddy, K.Akhil Reddy, Kanaka Bhushan, Kalyan Dagamoori, Rakesh Mudhiraj, Bheemarasetty.Prudhvi, Pikkalkar Praveen Kumar8, G.Sai Pavan Kumar, Katte.Abhilash Teja, "A Brief Study on Airship Using Aerospace, Electronic and Communication Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Mobile-Phone Tele-Medicine System That Promotes Self-Management of Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Kirinyaga Sub County
  James W. Mugoh, Andrew M. Kahonge
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The current practice adopted by hypertensive patients in managing hypertension is making frequent visits to a health center as recommended by medical specialists. However, very few patients adhere to this practice as it is time consuming and tiresome especially if they have to travel for long distances to have their BP checked. This practice is also not practical for critically-ill patients. Consequently, most patients neglect BP check-ups and therefore focus on medication alone. This puts the patients' at risk as uncontrolled BP can lead to fatal complications. The overall objective of this research was to design, develop and pilot-test a mobile telemedicine system that helps patients' to self-manage their BP condition from the comfort of their homes. Participatory action research design was used in this study. Testing for performance, usability and utilityof the tele-medicine system was conducted.
Keywords: Hypertension, BP (Blood Pressure), Tele-medicine, Tele-medicine system, Usability, Utility

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James W. Mugoh, Andrew M. Kahonge, "A Mobile-Phone Tele-Medicine System That Promotes Self-Management of Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Kirinyaga Sub County"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Sustainable Energy Resource Buildings: Some Relevant Feautures for Built Environment Needs In Nigeria
  Barka Joseph Kwaji, Dr Halil Zafer Alibaba
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Energy has become a critical issue in national and global economic development. Its crucial importance to the nation's building makes the development of energy resources one of the leading agenda of the present democratic government of Nigeria, towards lifting the nation to the comity of twenty (20) nations with the fastest growing economy in 2020. In achieving this, the building industry and in particular the architectural profession has a leading role to play in adopting education, designs, materials, and technology capable of reducing energy consumption in building within tropic region. This paper, therefore, appraises the important features of energy performance building through the use of sustainable innovative materials and technology that respond to climate condition while being environmentally friendly.
Key words: sustainable; energy resource building; materials; technology and climate

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Barka Joseph Kwaji, Dr Halil Zafer Alibaba, "Sustainable Energy Resource Buildings: Some Relevant Feautures for Built Environment Needs In Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• An LSB Method Of Image Steganographic Techniques
  Lalit Kumar Jain, Jyotiprakash Patra, Himanshu Kumar Gawhade
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The art of information hiding has received much attention in the recent years as security of information has become a big concern in this internet era. As sharing of sensitive information via a common communication channel has become inevitable. Steganography means hiding a secret message (the embedded message) within a larger one (source cover) in such a way that an observer cannot detect the presence of contents of the hidden message [1]. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet [2]. This paper intends to give an overview of image Steganography, its uses and techniques. It also attempts to identify the requirements of a good Steganography algorithm and briefly reflects on which Steganography techniques are more suitable for which applications.
Key words: Steganography, LSB method, Stego-object, Spatial domain, ARGB.

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Lalit Kumar Jain, Jyotiprakash Patra, Himanshu Kumar Gawhade, "An LSB Method Of Image Steganographic Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation on Low Temperature Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixture Using Warm Mix Asphalt Technology
  Xiaolan Duan, Chunge Li, Congliang Wu, Xiaoye Yang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, the basic idea is about the recycled technology of asphalt mixture, more in-depth study of the low-temperature performance of warm mix asphalt(WMA).First of all, Including the evaluation of low temperature performance of WMA made of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) (passed and not passed 2.36mm screen), and the influence of WMA with RAP mixed of different dosage of dispersant. Then, using the SBS modified asphalt and base asphalt were test at low temperature, research on the influence of different type of asphalt to the low temperature performance of WMA.
Keywords: aging, recycled asphalt mixture, warm mix, low temperature performance

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Xiaolan Duan, Chunge Li, Congliang Wu, Xiaoye Yang, "Evaluation on Low Temperature Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixture Using Warm Mix Asphalt Technology"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• "3D Turtle Graphics" by using a 3D Printer
  Yasusi Kanada
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

When creating shapes by using a 3D printer, usually, a static (declarative) model designed by using a 3D CAD system is translated to a CAM program and it is sent to the printer. However, widely-used FDM-type 3D printers input a dynamical (procedural) program that describes control of motions of the print head and extrusion of the filament. If the program is expressed by using a programming language or a library in a straight manner, solids can be created by a method similar to turtle graphics. An open-source library that enables "turtle 3D printing" method was described by Python and tested. Although this method currently has a problem that it cannot print in the air; however, if this problem is solved by an appropriate method, shapes drawn by 3D turtle graphics freely can be embodied by this method.
Keywords: 3D printer, Turtle graphics, Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM

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Yasusi Kanada, ""3D Turtle Graphics" by using a 3D Printer"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Moisture absorption and mechanical degradation studies of PMI foam cored fiber/epoxy resin sandwich composites
  Liang Yin, Rui Xia Zhao, Chang Fang Ding
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present paper explores the result of hygrothermic aging of polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam core sandwich composites immersed in different temperature deionized (DI) and sea waters. The prepared specimens were tested for moisture up-take behavior and the resulting property degradation in terms of flexural and flat wise compressive strength. The results indicate that the saturated hygroscopic time of specimens immersed in low temperature water and high temperature water is about 480h and 720h, respectively. Due to the presence of ionic in sea water, the specimens immersed in sea water have higher compressive and flexural strength than specimens immersed in DI water.
Keywords: Sandwich structure, PMI foam, Moisture absorption, Mechanical degradation

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Liang Yin, Rui Xia Zhao, Chang Fang Ding, "Moisture absorption and mechanical degradation studies of PMI foam cored fiber/epoxy resin sandwich composites"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Client Honeypot Based Drive by Download Exploit Detection and their Categorization
  Mandeep Sidhu, Rajneesh Narula
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Client side attacks are those which exploits the vulnerabilities in client side applications such as browsers, plug-ins etc. The remote attackers execute the malicious code in end user's system without his knowledge. Here in this research, we propose to detect and measure the drive by download class of malware which infect the end user's system through HTTP based propagation mechanism. The purpose of this research is to introduce a class of technology known as client honeypot through which we execute the domains in a virtual machine in more optimized manner. Those virtual machines are the controlled environment for the execution of those URLs. During the execution of the websites, the PE files dropped into the system are logged and further analyzed for categorization of malware. Further the critical analysis has been performed by applying some reverse engineering techniques to categories the class of malware and source of infections performed by the malware.
Keywords: Client Honeypot, Drive-by-Download, Client-side exploits, Intrusion Detection, Malware Analysis

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Mandeep Sidhu, Rajneesh Narula, "Client Honeypot Based Drive by Download Exploit Detection and their Categorization"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comprehensive Introduction of the Finite Element Method for Undergraduate Courses
  Pedro Americo Almeida Magalhaes Junior; Daniel Januário Cordeiro Gomes
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A simple and comprehensive introduction of the Finite Element Method for undergraduate courses is proposed. With very simple mathematics, students can easily understand it. The primary objective is to make students comfortable with the approach and cognizant of its potentials. The technique is based on the general overview of the steps involved in the solution of a typical finite element problem. This is followed by simple examples of mathematical developments which allow developing and demonstrating the major aspects of the finite element approach unencumbered by complicating factors.
Index terms: Finite Element Method, Undergraduate Courses, Numerical Analysis, Teaching Methods and Technique.

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Pedro Americo Almeida Magalhaes Junior; Daniel Januário Cordeiro Gomes, "A Comprehensive Introduction of the Finite Element Method for Undergraduate Courses"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cryptography Using Laplace Transform
  A.P. Hiwarekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we present a new iterative method for cryptography, in which we apply Laplace transform of suitable function for encrypting the plain text and we apply corresponding inverse Laplace transform for decryption. Finally we developed the results in the generalized form. We also obtained the corresponding encryption algorithm for this method.
Keywords: Cryptography, Data encryption, Applications to coding, coding theory and cryptography,

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A.P. Hiwarekar, "Cryptography Using Laplace Transform"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comparative Analysis for Hybrid Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
  Ms. Manisha M. Magdum, P. P. Belagali
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of smallnodes with sensing, computation and wireless communicationscapabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several othernodes when established in large and this opens up severaltechnical challenges and immense application possibilities.These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hopwireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniquescannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain due tothe limited processing power and the finite power available toeach sensor nodes hence recent advances in wireless sensornetworks have developed many protocols depending on theapplication and network architecture and are specificallydesigned for sensor networks where energy awareness is anessential consideration. This paper presents routingprotocols for sensor networks and compares the routingprotocols that are presently of increasing importance. In this paper, we propose Hybrid Routing Protocol whichcombines the merits of proactive and reactive approach andovercome their demerits.
Keywords: Ad hoc network, Hybrid Routing Protocol, AODV, Broadcast Reply (BR), etc

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Ms. Manisha M. Magdum, P. P. Belagali, "A Comparative Analysis for Hybrid Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementing Neural Networks Using VLSI for Image Processing (compression)
  Sindhu R, Dr Shilpa Mehta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Biological systems process the analog signals such as image and sound efficiently. To process the information the way biological systems do we make use of ANN. (Artificial Neural Networks) The focus of this paper is to review the implementation of the neural network architecture using analog components like Gilbert cell multiplier, differential amplifier for neuron activation function and tan sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor. The neural architecture is trained using Back propagation algorithm for compressing the image. This paper surveys the methods of implementing the neural network using VLSI .Different CMOS technologies are used for implementing the circuits for arithmetic operations (i.e. 180nm, 45nm, 32nm).And the MOS transistors are working in sub threshold region. In this paper a review is made on how the VLSI architecture is used to implement neural networks and trained for compressing the image.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks Back propagation algorithm

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Sindhu R, Dr Shilpa Mehta, "Implementing Neural Networks Using VLSI for Image Processing (compression)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation &Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Adsorbent Synthesized from 'Tectona grandis' seed in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution
  Anand P. Jain, S.L.Pandharipande
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Waste disposal is becoming a cause of concern &alot of research is being carried out for removal of pollutants. Adsorption is viewed as one of the effective methods & new adsorbents having low cost, bio-degradability& effectiveness are being developed. Bark, leaves, seeds, drumsticks&shells can be synthesized into adsorbents.Present work addresses to the development of adsorbent from waste materials such as 'Tectona grandis' seeds. Thermal and boiling water treatment have been adopted in synthesis of three types of adsorbents namely 'Thermally treated whole seed', 'Thermally treated particulateseed' & 'Raw boiled whole seed'. In preliminary investigation 'Raw boiled whole seed' is found to be effective in 12% adsorption of Victoria blue from synthetically prepared aqueous solution. Similarly these adsorbents are useful in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution to the extent of 12 to 52 % depending upon the type of adsorbent and initial feed solution. 'Thermally treated particulate seed' is observed to be the best amongst three adsorbents synthesized. It can concluded that there is need to tap the potential in adsorbentssynthesized from 'Tectona grandis seed' by conducting more experiments involving different types of adsorbents.
Keywords: Adsorption,Boiled & Thermally treated,Cr(VI), 'Tectona grandisseed' & Victoriablue.

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Anand P. Jain, S.L.Pandharipande, "Investigation &Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Adsorbent Synthesized from 'Tectona grandis' seed in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative study on the materials of resistance to spall in the asphalt pavement
  Wu Dengrui
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water damage phenomenon is widespread in our country, especially in southern rainy regions. This article adopts the method of indoor experimental comparison to study on road performance of a variety of spalling resistance material, like cement、quick lime、hydrated lime、amine、no-amine. The results found that: the comprehensive performance of quick lime as the spalling resistance material is better than other materials on the performance of overall road.
Keywords: water damage, adhesion, the material of resistance to spalling, contrast test, road performance.

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Wu Dengrui, "Comparative study on the materials of resistance to spall in the asphalt pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Synthesis, characterization and DC Conductivity Studies of NaCF₃SO₃ -PEO Doped Polyaniline Complexes
  Joshi Purushottam V, Chakradhar Sridhar B, M. V. N. Ambika Prasad, S. Ramana Murthy, P. S. Naik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The polymer electrolyte based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes with conducting Polyaniline (PANI) and Sodium triflate salt (NaCF₃SO₃) has been prepared in different weight percentage(wt%) by insitu polymerization method. The complexation is characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed the presence of polyethylene oxide complexes with conducting Polyaniline and Sodium triflate salt. DC conductivity studies show thermally activated behavior of all the composites. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behavior of all the complexes. Maximum conductivity was observed in 30 wt% of Sodium triflate salt complexes with conducting Polyaniline and polyethylene oxide.
Keywords: Polyaniline, Sodium triflate salt, Polyethylene oxide, complexes, DC conductivity.

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Joshi Purushottam V, Chakradhar Sridhar B, M. V. N. Ambika Prasad, S. Ramana Murthy, P. S. Naik, "Synthesis, characterization and DC Conductivity Studies of NaCF3SO3 -PEO Doped Polyaniline Complexes"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance & Emissions Characteristics of a Four Stroke Diesel Engine Fuelled With Different Blends of Palmyra Oil with Diesel
  T.Venkata Srinivasa Rao, V. Ranjith Kumar, Dr.P.Vijaya Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Diesel engines are used for automotive application because they have lower specific fuel consumption and superior efficiency compared to S.I engines. However in spite of these advantages NOx and smoke emissions from the diesel engines cause serious environmental problems. In the present work, biodiesel was produced from Palmyra oil. In this present work, investigations were carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Palmyra oil. The results were compared with diesel fuel, and the selected Palmyra oil fuel blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine was used. Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. To increase the engine performance parameters and to decrease the exhaust gas emissions with increase biodiesel concentration. The experimental results provide that the use of biodiesel in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel. Additive to add the Ethanol. The blending percentage in the steps of 10%, 20% & 30%.
Keywords: Palmyra oil, blended fuel, ethanol, NOx

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T.Venkata Srinivasa Rao, V. Ranjith Kumar, Dr.P.Vijaya Kumar, "Performance & Emissions Characteristics of a Four Stroke Diesel Engine Fuelled With Different Blends of Palmyra Oil with Diesel"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Virtual Commissioning of Small to Medium Scale Industry Using the Concepts of Digital Manufacturing
  Akash.M.R, Dr. B. R. Narendra Babu, Dr. K.Chandrashekara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Small scale industries produce certain products depending on the type of industry they have established. If these small scale industries decide to become medium scale certain changes have to be incorporated in plant layout to meet certain requirements. Certain changes include change in layout design, introducing new machines and equipments in the industry in order to produce new component .To implement these changes in the company we have to get information regarding the new component the company would produce based on this information we have design new plant layout. The purpose of this project is to plan a suitable plant layout which could meet company requirement. To design a new plant layout we are using Delmia as the simulation software. DELMIA Production System Simulation allows the process planner to validate the manufacturing system dynamically. Product flow and operation time, as well as scheduled maintenance and random equipment failure events, are simulated to help the planner understand how they will impact the system's capacity. Process planners can determine if changes to the system are needed to achieve the desired production demands.
Keywords: Delmia, Virtual commission, Digital manufacturing.

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Akash.M.R, Dr. B. R. Narendra Babu, Dr. K.Chandrashekara, "Virtual Commissioning of Small to Medium Scale Industry Using the Concepts of Digital Manufacturing"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-6

• Closed-Form Performance Analysis of Dual Polarization Based MIMO System in Shadowed-Rician Fading LMS Channels
  Suresh Kumar Jindal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, the problem of dual polarization based MIMO Processing in Shadowed-Rician (SR) fading land mobile satellite (LMS) channels is studied. It is shown in literature that polarization is used as a interference rejection method; and, most of the existing analytical results are not in closed-form. In this paper, we derive the closed-form expressions of the moment generating (MGF) function of the received signal-to-noise ratio of the MRC based receiver in SR fading LMS channels. Then we provide closed-form expressions of the symbol error rate (SER) by using MGF approach. The analytical diversity order and capacity of the considered scheme is also derived. It is shown by by derived closed-form capacity expression that the capacity of the considered dual polarization based scheme is improved; and it is found very useful in practical satellite communication systems.
Index Terms: Land mobile satellite (LMS) channel, M-ary phase shift keying (M -PSK), Polarization, M -ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M -QAM), Shadowed-Rician fading.

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Suresh Kumar Jindal, "Closed-Form Performance Analysis of Dual Polarization Based MIMO System in Shadowed-Rician Fading LMS Channels"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Detection and Analysis of Twitter Trending Topics via Link-Anomaly Detection
  Chandan M G, Chandra Naik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper involves two approaches for finding the trending topics in social networks that is key-based approach and link-based approach. In conventional key-based approach for topics detection have mainly focus on frequencies of (textual) words. We propose a link-based approach which focuses on posts reflected in the mentioning behavior of hundreds users. The anomaly detection in the twitter data set is carried out by retrieving the trend topics from the twitter in a sequential manner by using some API and corresponding user for training, then computed anomaly score is aggregated from different users. Further the aggregated anomaly score will be feed into change-point analysis or burst detection at the pinpoint, in order to detect the emerging topics. We have used the real time twitter account, so results are vary according to the tweet trends made. The experiment shows that proposed link-based approach performs even better than the keyword-based approach.
Keywords: anomaly-detection, social network, change-point analysis, burst detection.

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Chandan M G, Chandra Naik, "Detection and Analysis of Twitter Trending Topics via Link-Anomaly Detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Strength of Concrete Containing Basalt Fibre
  Parvez Imraan Ansari, Rajiv Chandak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the comparative study of effect of basalt fibre on compressive and split tensile strength of M40 grade concrete. The basalt fibre was mixed in concrete by (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of its total weight of cement in concrete. Results indicated that the strength increases with increase of basalt fibre content up to 1.0% beyond that there is a reduction in strength on increasing basalt fibre. The results show that the concrete specimen with 1.0% of basalt fibre gives better performance when it compared with 0.5%and 1.5% basalt fibre mix in concrete specimens.
Keywords: Concrete, basalt fibre, Pozzolana, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength.

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Parvez Imraan Ansari, Rajiv Chandak, "Strength of Concrete Containing Basalt Fibre"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The hanging basket stress calculation and stability analysis during cantilever construction
  Yupeng Cao, Huapeng Liang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The bearing capacity and stability of the Hanging Basket is a key point in the process of cantilever construction. It is important to set up finite element analytical model accord with the actual stress state of structure. According to the Laotuanpo NO.2 bridge as an engineering example, the strength, stiffness and stability of the Hanging Basket is analyzed using the space truss model. The analytical calculation shows that the design for Hanging Basket in cast-in-cantilever construction plan completely conforms to the specifications and design requirements. It is provide a solid theoretical foundation for the reliability of Hanging Basket during cast-in-cantilever construction.
Keywords: Triangle Hanging Basket, strength, stiffness, stability

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Yupeng Cao, Huapeng Liang, "The hanging basket stress calculation and stability analysis during cantilever construction"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in Concrete
  Y.Yaswanth Kumar, C.M. Vivek Vardhan, A.Anitha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the ever increasing cost of construction materials there is a need to curtail the same by using cheaper substitutes. In this investigation Granite Slurry (GS) was used as partial substitute in proportions varying from 5% to 20% by weight to cement in concrete and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure strength. It was observed that substitution of 10% of cement by weight with GS in concrete resulted in an increase in compressive strength to 48 N/mm² compared to 35 N/mm² of conventional concrete. Tensile strength too followed a similar pattern with a 10% substitution with GS increasing the tensile strength to 3.6N/mm² compared with a 2.4 N/mm² of conventional concrete. However flexure strength of 10% GS replacement exhibited a good improvement of flexural strength to 4.6 N/mm²compared to a 3.2 N/mm² of conventional concrete. Further investigations revealed that to attain the same strength of conventional concrete a 20% substitution with GS is effective. So it can be concluded that when locally available GS is a good partial substitute to concrete and improves compressive, tensile and flexure characteristics of concrete, while simultaneously offsetting the overall cost of concrete substantially.

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Y.Yaswanth Kumar, C.M. Vivek Vardhan, A.Anitha, "Use of Granite Waste as Partial Substitute to Cement in Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYS
  A. Dhanaraj, Dr. M. V. Mallikarjuna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The significance of the title of the project comes to front with designing structure of the pressure vessel for static loading and its assessment by ANSYS , is basically a project concerned with design of different pressure vessel elements such as shell, Dish end ,operating manhole ,support leg based on standards and codes ; and evolution of shell and dish end analysed by means of ANSYS .The key feature included in the project is to check the behaviour of pressure vessel in case of fluctuating load . The procedural step includes various aspects such as selecting the material based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) codes ,and then designing on the standards procedures with referring standard manuals based on ASME .Further we have included the different manufacturing methods practice by the industries and different aspects of it .
Keyword— Pressure Vessel, Fluctuating load, Cylinder with closed ends, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) , Finite Element Analysis, Static load.

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A. Dhanaraj, Dr. M. V. Mallikarjuna, "Design & Stress Analysis of a Cylinder with Closed ends using ANSYS"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Online Banking on E-Commerce in India
  Navpreet Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, Parminder Kaur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Online Banking is becoming an important aspect of worldwide commerce. Online Banking is also known as e-banking, cyber banking, virtual banking, net banking, and internet banking. Online banking includes various banking activities conducted from home business, instead of at a physical bank location Customer relationship management worked as a tool increased use of e-commerce makes CRM. Online banking is based on internet or web- based interaction to create a high volatile relationship in the banking sector .Questions are related to online banking in which given options are Satisfied, Unsatisfied ,Neutral, Yes, No . After analysis and comparison of traditional banking of online banking, it is revealed that it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to suggest that which online banking is best. Online banking provide the flexibility, efficiency of work, provide the better security of net banking than net banking incresed. The future of web-based e-banking in developed areas appears bright but consumers and merchants in developing countries face in number of barriers to successful e-banking, including less reliable telecommunications infrastructure and power supplies, less access to online payment mechanisms and relatively high costs for personal computers and Internet access . The Future scope of the study of Online banking is use to reduce transaction costs.
Keyword— Credit Card, CRM, Debit Card,

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Navpreet Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, Parminder Kaur, "Online Banking on E-Commerce in India"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Random Number Generator Using Seven Segment Display In Labview
  D. Bhavana, D. Ravi Tej, Jayasri. Mekala, D. S. S. L. Saranya, M. Raghavendra, N. Adithya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Random number generator [RNG] is use to generate random numbers between any given limit, RNG's are two kinds 1.True random number and 2.pseudom numbers. True random numbers are not predictable by any mathematical formula because they are mainly depends on the atmospheric noise, coming to the pseudo numbers are mainly used in most of computers, this randomness can be predictable by using mathematical formula and it is fine many purposes, but it may not be random in the way you expect if you are used to dice rolls and lottery drawings. In this mini project we are doing RNG [pseudo numbers] by using NI labview software and generating random numbers by pressing push button and coming output we are displaying on seven segment display. In the labview it easy to generate a random number by using different block‟s and main advantage of the labview is there is no need of any programming languages like[c,c++,java,matlab].Main function of this project is used for gaming and priority number generation and etc. A sequence of uniform random numbers, which is generated within the computer in a deterministic manner, is often referred to as a pseudo-random number sequence.[1]

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D. Bhavana, D. Ravi Tej, Jayasri. Mekala, D. S. S. L. Saranya, M. Raghavendra, N. Adithya, "Random Number Generator Using Seven Segment Display In Labview"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effects of Viewing Angle and Contrast Ratio on Visual Performance using TFT-LCD
  Chin-Chiuan Lin, Ming-Te Chen, Kuo-Chen Huang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study intends to investigate the effects of viewing angle for horizontal and vertical axis, and contrast ratio on visual performance during TFT-LCD visual work. Two dependent measures are collected: visual acuity and search performance. The measure of minimal separable visual angel of Landolt-C is used to evaluate the visual acuity. Search performance measured by correct percentage of searching task on pseudo-text. Results showed that viewing angle for horizontal and vertical axis, and contrast ratio significantly affect visual performance. Subjects at 0° and 15° on horizontal and vertical axis had better visual performance than at 30° and 45°. Visual performance increased as contrast ratio increased up to 11:1 and then slightly decreased once the contrast ratio was greater than 11:1.
Key words: Viewing angle, Contrast ratio, Visual performance, TFT-LCD

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Chin-Chiuan Lin, Ming-Te Chen, Kuo-Chen Huang, "SEffects of Viewing Angle and Contrast Ratio on Visual Performance using TFT-LCD"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Implementing Tumor Detection and Area Calculation in Mri Image of Human Brain Using Image Processing Techniques
  Sunil L. Bangare, Madhura Patil, Pallavi S. Bangare, Dr. S. T. Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper is based on the research on Human Brain Tumor which uses the MRI imaging technique to capture the image. In this proposed work Brain Tumor area is calculated to define the Stage or level of seriousness of the tumor. Image Processing techniques are used for the brain tumor area calculation and Neural Network algorithms for the tumor position calculation. Also in the further advancement the classification of the tumor based on few parameters is also expected. Proposed work is divided in to following Modules:
Module 1: Image Pre-Processing
Module 2: Feature Extraction, Segmentation using K-Means Algorithm and Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm
Module 3: Tumor Area calculation & Stage detection
Module 4: Classification and position calculation of tumor using Neural Network
Key words: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), CT-Scan, Brain tumor, K-Means, Pre-Processing, Fuzzy C-Means, Thresholding, Neural Network

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Sunil L. Bangare, Madhura Patil, Pallavi S. Bangare, Dr. S. T. Patil, "Implementing Tumor Detection and Area Calculation in Mri Image of Human Brain Using Image Processing Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Investigation on Adsorption Capacity of a Variety of Activated Carbon/Refrigerant Pairs
  Ahmed N. Shmroukh, Ahmed Hamza H. Ali, Ali K. Abel-Rahman and S. Ookwara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study aims to develop a device with minimum heat and mass transfer limitations between adsorbent and adsorbate, and subsequently to obtain practically applicable adsorption capacity data. Also, 5 kW adsorption chillers (evaporators, condensers and adsorbers) are designed based on the experimental output data of the whole tested pairs. A finned-tube heat exchanger was employed and installed at the center adsorber, and each employed adsorbent was immobilized on its surfaces by using an adhesive agent. A variety of pairs: are activated carbon powder (ACP)/R-134a, ACP/R-407c, ACP/R-507A, activated carbon granules (ACG)/R-507A, ACG /R-407c and ACG /R-134a, were examined at different adsorption temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 50°C. It was found that, at the adsorption temperature of 25°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.8352 kg kg^-1 for ACP/R-134a, while at the adsorption temperature of 50°C the maximum adsorption capacity was 0.3207 kg kg^-1 for ACP/R-134a. Therefore, the ACP/R-134a pair is highly recommended to be employed as adsorption refrigeration working pair because of its higher maximum adsorption capacity higher than the other examined pairs.
Keywords: Adsorption; Adsorbent/Adsorbate Pairs; Adsorption Capacity; Refrigeration

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Ahmed N. Shmroukh, Ahmed Hamza H. Ali, Ali K. Abel-Rahman and S. Ookwara, "Experimental Investigation on Adsorption Capacity of a Variety of Activated Carbon/Refrigerant Pairs"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Designing of Low Power CNTFET Based D Flip-Flop Using Forced Stack Technique
  Vikas Sharma, Umesh Dutta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Low Power devices in small packages is the need of present and future electronic devices. Electronics Industry is making devices which can be planted in human bodies. CMOS Technology won‟t be able to deliver such devices because it shows short channel effects in Nano scale. So, to overcome the problems of CMOS technology we use CNTs (Carbon Nano Tubes). In electronic devices, power is consumed by various elements like flip-flop, latches, clock sources. So in order to reduce power of a system we used to reduce power consumed by flip-flops.
In this paper we design an existing flip-flop "Low power clocked pass transistor flip-flop (LCPTFF)" on CNTFET using Stanford CNTFET model for reference. We propose a design of CNTFET based Forced Stack Low Power Clocked Pass Transistor Flip-Flop (CN-FS-LCPTFF) and observe 12% to 25% power reduction in various conditions like temperature change, CNTFET diameter change, and different voltage supply.
Keywords: CNTFET, CN-LCPTFF, CN-FS-LCPTFF, SWCNT, CMOS

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Vikas Sharma, Umesh Dutta, "Designing of Low Power CNTFET Based D Flip-Flop Using Forced Stack Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of chemically treated ferric nitrate: its dielectric studies of sisal fiber composite
  Asif jehan, Dr. Shirish joshi and Dr. M.N. Bapat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Iron oxide synthesized through sintering route. The present research work deals with ferrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Ferric nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The comparative studies of ferric oxide were examined through dielectric measurement.
Keywords: Fe₂O₃, sintering method, dielectric measurement

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Asif jehan, Dr. Shirish joshi and Dr. M.N. Bapat, "Effect of chemically treated ferric nitrate: its dielectric studies of sisal fiber composite"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study On Concrete Using Marble Powder Waste As Partial Replacement Of Sand
  Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri, Dr. Rajeev Chandak, R.K.Yadav
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Marble Waste (Marble sawing powder, and marble sludge or slurry) is a widespread byproduct of marble processing industries. All these wastes are thrown away in the areas near the factories and cause severe environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using marble powder waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Since this concrete is prepared with marble powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (Sand) in four different proportions i.e. 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested for the period of 7days, 28days, 90days curing. This compressive strength compared with the conventional concrete i.e. concrete prepared without marble powder.
Keywords: Marble powder, Portland Pozzolana Cement, Sand, concrete, compressive strength.

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Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri, Dr. Rajeev Chandak, R.K.Yadav, "Study On Concrete Using Marble Powder Waste As Partial Replacement Of Sand"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Assesment of Groundwater Quality Index in Bommasandra Area,Bengaluru city,Karnataka State,India
  Shivaprasad H,Dr.D.P.Nagarajappa, Ravichandra K, Prasanna Kumar G.R, Kedarraya Mallanna, Savita Kubakaddi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water .In addition to the population growth, urbanization and industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of Bommasandra. Bommasandra city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides, discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources.
Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality standards, Water quality characteristics, Water quality index.

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Shivaprasad H,Dr.D.P.Nagarajappa, Ravichandra K, Prasanna Kumar G.R, Kedarraya Mallanna, Savita Kubakaddi, "An Assesment of Groundwater Quality Index in Bommasandra Area, Bengaluru city, Karnataka State, India"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Overview of Separation Axioms by Nearly Open Sets in Topology
  Dr. Thakur C. K. Raman, Vidyottama Kumari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to exhibit the research on separation axioms in terms of nearly open sets viz p-open, s-open, α-open & β-open sets. It contains the topological property carried by respective ℘ -Tk spaces (℘ = p, s, α & β; k = 0,1,2) under the suitable nearly open mappings . This paper also projects ℘ -R0 & ℘ -R1 spaces where ℘ = p, s, α & β and related properties at a glance. In general, the ℘ -symmetry of a topological space for ℘ = p, s, α & β has been included with interesting examples & results.
Keywords: ℘ -Tk spaces, ℘ -R0 & ℘ -R1 spaces & ℘ -symmetry .

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Dr. Thakur C. K. Raman, Vidyottama Kumari, "An Overview of Separation Axioms by Nearly Open Sets in Topology"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Character Recognition (Devanagari Script)
  Ankita Karia, Sonali Sharma, Reevon Rodrigues, Maitreya Save
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Character Recognition is has found major interest in field of research and practical application to analyze and study characters in different languages using image as their input. In this paper the user writes the Devanagari character using mouse as a plotter and then the corresponding character is saved in the form of image. This image is processed using Optical Character Recognition in which location, segmentation, pre-processing of image is done. Later Neural Networks is used to identify all the characters by the further process of OCR i.e. by using feature extraction and post-processing of image. This entire process is done using MATLAB.
Keywords: Character Recognition, Devanagari, feature extraction, MATLAB, Neural Networks, Optical Character Recognition, pre-processing, post-processing segmentation.

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Ankita Karia, Sonali Sharma, Reevon Rodrigues, Maitreya Save, "Character Recognition (Devanagari Script)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Android Based Total Security for System Authentication
  Mithil Vasani, Bhavesh Pandya, Charmi Chaniyara
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this Paper [5], A highly severe menace to any computing device is the impersonation of an authenticate user. The most frequent computer authentication scheme is to use alphanumerical usernames and passwords. But the textual passwords are prone to dictionary attacks, eves dropping, shoulder surfing and social engineering. As such, graphical passwords have been introduced as an alternative to the traditional authentication process. Though the graphical password schemes provide a way of making more user friendly passwords, while increasing the level of security, they are vulnerable to shoulder surfing. To address this problem, text can be used in combination with the colors and images to generate the session passwords, thereby making a stronger authentication means. In general, session passwords are those that can be used only once and for every new session, a new password is engendered.
This paper [7] describes a method of implementing two factor authentication using mobile phones. The proposed method guarantees that authenticating to services, such as online banking or ATM machines, is done in a very secure manner. The proposed system involves using a mobile phone as a software token for One Time Password generation. The generated One Time Password is valid for only a short user defined period of time and is generated by factors that are unique to both, the user and the mobile device itself. Additionally, an SMS-based mechanism is implemented as both a backup mechanism for retrieving the password and as a possible mean of synchronization. The proposed method has been implemented and tested. Initial results show the success of the proposed method.
Keywords: Authentication, Security, Mobile, Access control, Least expensive

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Mithil Vasani, Bhavesh Pandya, Charmi Chaniyara, "Android Based Total Security for System Authentication"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comparitive Analysis of Improved 6t Sram Cell With Different Sram Cell
  Aastha Singh, Preet Jain, Tarun Kumar Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

High speed and low power consumption have been the primary issue to design Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), but we are facing new challenges with the scaling of technology. The stability and speed of SRAM are important issues to improve efficiency and performance of the system. Stability of the SRAM depends on the static noise margin (SNM) so the noise margin is also important parameter for the design of memory because the higher noise margin confirms the high speed of the SRAM cell. In this paper, the improved 6T SRAM cell shows maximum reduction in power consumption of 88%, maximum reduction in delay of 64% and maximum SNM of 17% increases compared with 7T SRAM cell.
Keywords: Cadence tool, CMOS logic, Static Noise Margin, Delay and Power Consumption.

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Aastha Singh, Preet Jain, Tarun Kumar Gupta, "A Comparitive Analysis of Improved 6t Sram Cell With Different Sram Cell"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Economic Load Dispatch Using Grey Wolf Optimization
  Dr.Sudhir Sharma,Shivani Mehta, Nitish Chopra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents grey wolf optimization (GWO) to solve convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a new meta-heuristic inspired by grey wolves. The leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of the grey wolves is mimicked in GWO. The objective of ELD problem is to minimize the total generation cost while fulfilling the different constraints, when the required load of power system is being supplied. The proposed technique is implemented on two different test systems for solving the ELD with various load demands. To show the effectiveness of GWO to solve ELD problem results were compared with other existing techniques.
Keywords: economic load dispacth;GWO; transmission loss

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Dr.Sudhir Sharma,Shivani Mehta, Nitish Chopra, "Economic Load Dispatch Using Grey Wolf Optimization"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improving STB devices' Parental control
  Veton Z. Këpuska, Mahmood Alfathe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Parental control for TV viewers is an open field as many efforts were provided to provide trusted solutions for this issue. Although this technology was improved and developed, but it still leaks a good and robust solution as it is related to critical age of viewers. This paper introduce a new hybrid technology that depends on the information transmitted along with the Audio and Video (EPG), also extra resources from internet were used to enhance the decision in the EPG engine in the proposed system. All viewers enrolled in the system were successfully authenticated / de-authenticated depending on their registered age in the database and on the age related for each program.
Keywords: parental control, IPTV, Authentication, EPG, web mining, text parsing.

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Veton Z. Këpuska, Mahmood Alfathe, "Improving STB devices' Parental control"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Microstructural characterization and mechanical property evaluation of microalloyed steel
  Om Prakash Tenduwe, Pawan Kumar Sahu, Pyare Lal Khunte, Navratan Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Experimental evaluation of microstructural and mechanical property of any material is very important for knowingtheir serviceability, various properties and behavior in different operational conditions. These parametric properties can be used to predict their proper utilization, life prediction, service reliability and operational safety in various condition. The material used in this investigation is amicroalloyed steel. The microstructuralcharacterizations have been done through optical microscopy as well as SEM andvarious mechanical property evaluation were done through tensile test, hardness test and Charpy impact toughness tests in different orientations. The results have been used to predict the serviceability, and it is observed from this study that this steel contains good amount of ferrite-pearlitecombination, and this material show the high tensile strength and better mechanical property for utilizing in the field of automotive and piping industry.
Keywords: EDS; Impact toughness;Microalloyed steel; Microstructure; Mechanical properties; SEM.

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Om Prakash Tenduwe, Pawan Kumar Sahu, PyareLalKhunte, Navratan Kumar, "Microstructural characterization and mechanical property evaluation of microalloyed steel"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Home Security System Using Gsm Modem
  Mehek Potnis, Ayesha Chimnani, Vishal Chawla, Mr. Amit Hatekar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper mainly focuses on using wireless technology effectively for security. The system is SMS-based and uses wireless technology to revolutionize the standards of living. It uses a GSM Modem to send an SMS to the home owner in case of an intrusion. The project is realized by interfacing an infrared trans-receiver with an ATMEGA16 microcontroller and a GSM Module. As the system uses GSM technology, it provides ubiquitous access to the system for security.
Index Terms: GSM, ATMEGA16, Home automation, GSM SIM 300.

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Mehek Potnis, Ayesha Chimnani, Vishal Chawla, Mr. Amit Hatekar, "Home Security System Using Gsm Modem"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Method for Image Watermarking Using Luminance Based Block Selection and Local Area Pixel Value Differencing
  Sonam, Kulbhushan Singla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A robust watermark scheme for copyright protection is proposed in the present paper. The present method selects the pixel locations to insert the watermark by checking luminance [1] values of blocks. The watermark is embedded in the selected pixel blocks by using local area pixel value difference method. The proposed approach overcomes the weak robustness problem of embedding the watermark in the spatial domain and also in pixel value difference method. Further the watermark extraction does not require the original image as in the case of many digital watermarking methods. The experimental results indicate the high image quality and robustness against various attacks when compared to several approaches.
Keywords: Block Selection, Digital Image Watermarking, Luminance, Pixel Value Difference, Range Table

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Sonam, Kulbhushan Singla, "A Novel Method for Image Watermarking Using Luminance Based Block Selection and Local Area Pixel Value Differencing"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey On Data Leakage Detection
  Mrs. Grinal Tuscano, Ms. Humairah Kotadiya, Mr. Vikrant Bhat, Mr. Rollan Fernandes, Mr. Amod Panchal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Data is an important assets for an enterprise. Data must be protected against loss and destruction. In IT field huge data is being exchanged among multiple people at every moment. During sharing of the data, there are huge chances of data vulnerability, leakage or alteration. So, to prevent these problems, a survey on data leakage detection system has been done. This paper talks about the concept, causes and techniques to detect the data leakage. Businesses processes facts and figures to turn raw data into useful information. This information is used by businesses to generate and improve revenue at every mile stone. Thus, along with data availability and accessibility data security is also very important.
Keywords: Data Leakage Detection, Water Marking, Guilty Agent, Data Allocation

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Mrs. Grinal Tuscano, Ms. Humairah Kotadiya, Mr. Vikrant Bhat, Mr. Rollan Fernandes, Mr. Amod Panchal, "A Survey On Data Leakage Detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Spectroscopic and Physical Properties of Mn²⁺ spin probe in RO-P₂O₅-ZnO-Pb₃O₄ (R=Li, Na and K) Glasses
  S. Sreehari Sastry, M.V.V.K. Sinivas Prasad and B. Rupa Venkateswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

RO-P₂O₅-ZnO-Pb₃O₄ (R=Li, Na and K) glasses containing 0.1concentrations of MnO have been prepared. The structural, optical and physical properties of prepared glasses are studied by XRD, UV-Visible, EPR and FTIR techniques. The nature of local symmetry and structural information of the neighboring atoms of dopant ions (Mn²⁺) in the host matrix have been understood by evaluating the crystal field strength (Dq) and Racah (B & C) parameters. The combined analysis of optical absorption and EPR spectroscopy has indicated that the manganese ions exist in Mn²⁺ (in octahedral) local coordination sites. FTIR results showed that PO₄ are the main structural unit of the glass system and the manganese ions are located in the glass matrix network.
Keywords: Optical glasses, Amorphous nature, EPR and FTIR.

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S. Sreehari Sastry, M.V.V.K. Sinivas Prasad and B. Rupa Venkateswara Rao, "Spectroscopic and Physical Properties of Mn²⁺ spin probe in RO-P₂O₅-ZnO-Pb₃O₄ (R=Li, Na and K) Glasses"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Traffic Light Controller Using Fpga
  D.Bhavana, D.Ravi Tej, Priyanshi Jain, G.Mounika, R.Mohini, Bhavana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The traffic light sequence works on the specific switching of Red, Green and Yellow lights in a particular way with stipulated time form. The normal function of traffic lights requires sophisticated control and coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible and that pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads ^[1].This Traffic Light sequence is generated using a specific switching mechanism which will help to control a traffic light system on a road in a specified sequence. This paper focuses on the fact that the traffic lights can be varied in the day and night mode depending on the intensity of the traffic. It plays a vital role in supervising and running the metropolitan traffic and evade the possibilities of any unfortunate mishaps happening in and around the cities. It is a sequential machine to be scrutinized as per the requirements and programmed through a multistep development process. The methods that are used in this project are proposing the circuit, write a code, simulate, synthesis and implement on the hardware ^[8]. In this project, XILINX Software was chosen to devise a schematic using schematic edit, write a code using Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) text editor and implements the circuit on Programmable Logic Device [PLD].The system has been successfully tested and implemented in hardware using Nexys 2 Digilent FPGA.
Keywords: FPGA, Xilinx, Traffic Light Controller

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D.Bhavana, D.Ravi Tej, Priyanshi Jain, G.Mounika, R.Mohini, Bhavana, "Traffic Light Controller Using Fpga"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Energy Storage Management in Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System
  Vidhya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The penetration of renewable sources in the power system network in the power system has been increasing in the recent years. One of the solutions being proposed to improve the reliability and performance of these systems is to integrate energy storage device into the power system network. This paper discusses the modeling of photo voltaic and status of the storage device such as lead acid battery for better energy management in the system. The energy management for the grid connected system was performed by the dynamic switching process.
key words: modeling of PV, storage devices and energy management system.

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Vidhya, "Energy Storage Management in Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Energy Audit of a Cold Storage
  Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Raj Gopal Nanda
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Energy consumption of a cold storage was measured for different storage temperatures. Suction temperature and pressure temperature of the compressor and working time of the compressor were determined to reach evaporator set up temperatures. An axial fan located back of the evaporator was used to distribute the cooled air into the cold store. An electrical heater was used to defrost. The compressor suction temperatures and discharge temperatures varied between 1.8⁰ C - 07⁰ C and 27⁰ C - 35⁰ C respectively. Condenser output temperature is varies 4⁰ C - 10⁰ C. Compressor suction pressure (p₁) = 3.5 Kg/cm² and discharge pressure (p₂) = 10.5 Kg/cm².
Keywords: Energy, Cold Storage, Refrigeration

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Dr. N. Mukhopadhyay, Raj Gopal Nanda, "A Study on Energy Audit of a Cold Storage"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fabrication and characterization of Polymer laminate composites reinforced with bi-woven carbon fibers
  P.V.Sanjeev Kumar, Dr. B. Chandra Mohan Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present paper evaluate slaminatedcarbonbi-wove fibers Reinforced with vinyl ester composites. Vinyl ester was used as a matrix to prepare composites by in situ polymerization technique. Four planar layers were made simultaneously by keeping one over the other and each layer made sure to be weighed off by 15% which was maintained in all layers with different orientations. Pre-assumed Layer-1 is (50/50)50%,0º; Layer-2 is (35/35/30) 35% 0º, 35% +45º,30%,0;Layer-3is (25/50/25) 25% 0º, 50%+45º,25-45º; and Layer-4is (25/25/25/25) (25% 0º, 25% +45º,25% -45º,25% 90º.The composite was prepared with the help of hand layup technique. Test ready specimens were tested with the help of shearing machine in accordance with ASTM Standards .It was observed that vinyl ester made good interface with parent fiber material. Flexural strength and Tensile strength have improved up to 3rd layer and decreased afterwards whereas Flexural modulus and Tensile modulus have linearly increased up to 4^th layer. Thermal stability and Glass transition temperature have also been found to be satisfactory for all the laminated layers. Chemical resistance was good for the entire chemicals except sodium hydroxide.
Keywords: laminate composites, vinyl ester, carbon fibers, flexural strength, DSC, TGA

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P.V.Sanjeev Kumar, Dr. B. Chandra Mohan Reddy, "Fabrication and characterization of Polymer laminate composites reinforced with bi-woven carbon fibers"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangular Protrusions as Roughness Elements
  A. Nagaraju, Prof. B.Uma Maheswar Gowd
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Solar heat has been thrust area of research to explore renewable energy utilisation for the past few decades. In solar air heaters artificial roughness is tried on the surface of the absorber plate by adding small roughness elements to enhance the heat transfer rate. In the present work triangular protrusion are provided to act as roughness elements over the surface of the aluminum absorber plate. The experimental study is carried out on the effect of change in apex angle of protrusions on the heat transfer rate by keeping the other design parameters unchanged. Maximum heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance between the range of apex angle 30⁰ and 60⁰ is studied. The Nusselt number is between 50 and 110, friction factor 4.5-6.7x10^-3, Stanton number is 6- 14x10^-3. The heat transfer rate and thermo-hydraulic performance are observed to be maximum for 45⁰ apex angle and least for the 60⁰ plate.
Keywords: Friction Factor, Nusselt, Reynolds, Stanton Number, Thermo-Hydraulic performance.

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A. Nagaraju, Prof. B.Uma Maheswar Gowd, "Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Using Triangular Protrusions as Roughness Elements"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Productivity Factors in Software Development for PC Platform
  Abbas Heiat, Nafisseh Heiat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Identifying the most relevant factors influencing project performance is essential for implementing business strategies by selecting and adjusting proper improvement activities. The two major classification algorithms CRT and ANN that were recommended by the Auto Classifier tool in SPSS Modeler used for determining the most important variables (attributes) of software development in PC environment. While the accuracy of classification of productive versus non-productive cases are relatively close (72% vs 69%), their ranking of important variables are different. CRT ranks the Programming Language as the most important variable and Function Points as the least important. On the other hand, ANN ranks the Function Points as the most important followed by team size and Programming Language.

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Abbas Heiat, Nafisseh Heiat, "Productivity Factors in Software Development for PC Platform"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Alkaline Extraction of Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) Proteins: Physicochemical characteristics, functional and thermal properties
  Sabrina de La Rocha, Jorge Alberto V. Costa, Carlos Prentice, Ana Paula Cassuriaga
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) is an important emerging species in Brazilian mariculture. The aim of the study was to obtain and characterize a protein isolate from cobia muscle using chemical extraction process by alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation of proteins. The extraction yield was 98.17g/100g protein on a dry basis. The highest solubility and water holding capacity (WHC) of cobiaprotein isolate (CPI) was obtained at pH 11and 21.9mL of water per gram of protein. The electrophoretic profiles revealed masses characteristic of myofibrillar proteins (myosin and actin). The main peaks identified by qualitative spectroscopy analysis of the infrared spectrawere characteristic of peptide bonds such as amide I and amide II. The highest fusion and degradation points of CPI were 259.1°C and 378°C, respectively. The results showed that the CPI has great biotechnological value in various industrial areas that require a product of high protein value.
Keyword— fish, isolated protein,meat, muscle, protein.

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Sabrina de La Rocha, Jorge Alberto V. Costa, Carlos Prentice, Ana Paula Cassuriaga, "Alkaline Extraction of Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) Proteins: Physicochemical characteristics, functional and thermal properties"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Medium Composition on Changes of Surface Tension During Cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBM10 Growing on Glycerol
  Célia Francisca Centeno da Rosa, Mariano Michelon, Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert, Susana Juliano Kalil, Carlos André Veiga Burkert
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study evaluated the ability of biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBM10 using glycerol as the sole carbon source. Batch cultivations were performed at 30°C and 180 rpm. The effects of glycerol concentration, C/N ratio and C/P ratio on changes of surface tension were analyzed through a Central Composite Rotational Design. Nitrogen and phosphorus-limiting conditions favored the biosurfactant production. In order to maximize the surface tension reduction, contour plots constructed by predictive polynomial equations resulted in a glycerol concentration of 13.2 g/l, a C/N ratio of 80 and a C/P ratio of 147.2.
Keyword— Biosurfactant, experimental design, nitrogen limitation, phosphorus limitation, rhamnolipids

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Célia Francisca Centeno da Rosa, Mariano Michelon, Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert, Susana Juliano Kalil, Carlos André Veiga Burkert, "Effect of Medium Composition on Changes of Surface Tension During Cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBM10 Growing on Glycerol"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on AA 6060 and 6061 Aluminum Alloys
  Sujit Kumar Jha, Devibala Balakumar and Rajalingam Paluchamy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the substantial increased in demands of aluminum in industries like automotive industry and building industry, it is required for improvement of its mechanical properties by addition of suitable alloying elements to aluminum. The objective of this research is to study the effect of various alloys addition to aluminum and their effects on tensile strength, hardness and microstructure. The mechanical properties of AA 6060 and AA 6061 aluminum alloy have been characterized in terms of tensile strength and hardness. The result has been used to determine the tensile strength and % elongation of the specimen. From the results, it has been observed that mechanical properties of Al-alloys increasing up to 0.65% of Mg addition due to grain refinement, where as increase in Mg contents beyond 0.71% mechanical properties starts decreasing. The microstructure of the fracture surface after tensile strength has been examined using inverted microscope.
Keyword— Aluminum alloys, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Fracture.

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Sujit Kumar Jha, Devibala Balakumar and Rajalingam Paluchamy, "Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on AA 6060 and 6061 Aluminum Alloys"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Energy Strategy of India
  Surmadhur Pant, Gaurav Singh Negi, Abhishek Chauhan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper is related with the importance of the energy policy and renewable energy which play a important role in the development of the environmental benefits. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources and it is one of the largest countries in the world for deploying renewable energy. This paper attempts to review the policies and planning measures undertaken by the Indian government for promotion of renewable energy. Low impact renewable energy (LIRE) technologies offer important benefits compared to conventional energy sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear power. However due to their uncertainty different kinds of renewable-energy resources need to be operated in an integrated way, which complement each other. Global electricity demand is expected to increase considerably during the next decade and at the same time environmental pollution is also increasing with the development of conventional energy source. To meet the challenges for global energy demand various support schemes, policies and planning to promote use of renewable energy sources are discussed in this paper.
Key words: renewable energy policy, energy planning

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Surmadhur Pant, Gaurav Singh Negi, Abhishek Chauhan, "The Energy Strategy of India"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Comparison of the FE/FE and FV/FE treatment of fluid-structure interaction
  R. El Maani, B. Radi and A. El Hami
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:


Key words:

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R. El Maani, B. Radi and A. El Hami, "Comparison of the FE/FE and FV/FE treatment of fluid-structure interaction"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Linear Static and Dynamic Analysis of Rocket Engine Testing Bench Structure using the Finite Element Method
  Luiza Fabrino Favato, Professor Dr. Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This article presents a study of a testing bench structure for Rocket Engines, which is under development by the PUC-Minas Aerospace Research Group. The Bench is being built for civilian's liquid bipropellant rocket engines up to 5 kN of thrust. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the bench structure using the Finite Element Method (FEM), by structural linear static and dynamic analysis. Performed to predict the behavior of the structure to the requests of the tests. The virtual simulations were performed using a CAE software with the Nastran solver. The structure is 979 x 1638 mm by 2629 mm, consisting of folded-plates (¼ "x 3¼" x 8") and plates of 1/4" and 1/2 ", both SAE 1020 Steel .The rocket engine is fixed on the structure through a set called engine mount. It was included in the analysis clearances or misalignments that may occur during tests. As well as, the load applied was evaluated with components in varying orientations and directions. It was considered the maximum size of the engine mount and the maximum inclination angle of load. At the end of this article it was observed that the worst stress and displacement values obtained were for the hypothesis with the inclination of five-degrees with load components in the positive directions of the axes defined and it was also obtained the first twenty frequency modes of the structure.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, Finite Element Method, Linear static analysis, Rocket engine, Test bench structure

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Luiza Fabrino Favato, Professor Dr. Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, "Linear Static and Dynamic Analysis of Rocket Engine Testing Bench Structure using the Finite Element Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and Cloud Computing
  Mr. R. Kiran Babu, Mr. J.Sagar Babu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Despite the advances in hardware for hand-held mobile devices, resource-intensive applications (e.g., video and imagestorage and processing or map-reduce type) still remain off bounds since they require large computation and storage capabilities.Recent research has attempted to address these issues by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices.For mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks (i.e., with frequent topology changes because of node failure/unavailability andmobility as in a mobile cloud), however, challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. To the best of ourknowledge, we are the first to address these challenges in an integrated manner for both data storage and processing in mobilecloud, an approach we call k-out-of-n computing. In our solution, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the mostenergy-efficient way, as long as k out of n remote servers are accessible. Through a real system implementation we prove the feasibilityof our approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate the fault tolerance and energy efficiency performance of our framework in largerscale networks.
Index terms: CNTFET, Mobile computing, cloud computing, mobile cloud, energy-efficient computing, fault-tolerant computing.

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Mr. R. Kiran Babu, Mr. J.Sagar Babu, "Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and Cloud Computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improving System Security and User Privacy in Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) with X.509 v3 Certificate
  Saidu Muhammad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the advancement of internets, user's transaction is at ease, timely manner and effective wise through online payment method, so also cybercriminals become increasingly more prompt in areas like e-commerce sites, financial institutions, payment processes and other online transactions. Therefore the need for the system security and privacy became the central issues for the acceptance of online payment methods in particular and growth of the Internet market in general. Using SET as an open encryption and security specification designed to protect credit card transaction on the internet. This paper proposes a new approach for increasing security by avoiding privacy violation using Public Key Infrastructure, X.509 certificate and Format Preservation encryption method, the credit card number is encrypted using public key algorithm and re-encrypted using Format preservation Encryption algorithm and finally stored in the X.509 version 3 certificate private extensions. This technique can be used to improve the security of the user credit card information against card fraud or the compromise of data associated with the account.
Keywords: Digital Signature, Encryption, FPE, PKI, Privacy, Security, SET, X.509 v3 Certificate.

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Saidu Muhammad, "Improving System Security and User Privacy in Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) with X.509 v3 Certificate"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Studies on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Fish Oil Methyl Ester and its blends at different injection opening pressures in a direct injection CI engine
  Chandrashekar A.M, Dr. Dhananjaya D.A, Rajeev K.T
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Biodiesel is one of the most versatile alternative fuel options for direct injection CI engine applications. In the recent research of biodiesel in India receives its attention towards fish oil based biodiesel. The present work aimed at production of biodiesel from the fish oil extracted from marine fish species by transesterification process which is used as fuel in direct injection CI engine to evaluate its performance, and emission characteristics at different injection opening pressures of 190bar, 200bar, 210bar. The different blends of fish oil biodiesel with diesel, B10, B20, B30, B40, B50 and B100 were used in the experiments and the results indicate that brake thermal efficiency were higher with B30 blend fuel than that of diesel at 210bar as compared at 190bar and 200bar. The brake specific energy consumption for B30 blend at 210bar shows better results than that of diesel. By considering these two performance parameters B30 blend at 210 bar injection opening pressure is taken as optimum. At full load for B30 fuel at 210bar injection opening pressure the emission results shows that there is increase in NO_x and CO₂ emission but reduction in CO and HC emissions by 20% and 15.55% respectively with reference to diesel fuel.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Emission characteristics, Fish oil, Injection Opening Pressure, Performance characteristics, Transesterification Process.

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Chandrashekar A.M, Dr. Dhananjaya D.A, Rajeev K.T, "Experimental Studies on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Fish Oil Methyl Ester and its blends at different injection opening pressures in a direct injection CI engine"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Paper Waste in Cement Concrete
  Lodhi Ravindra Singh, Akhtar Saleem, Batham Geeta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

India is facing a serious challenge in disposing the waste in landfills throughout the country. The landfill disposal is resulting in high disposal costs and potential environmental problems. If current trend continues, waste production will grow by 5% each year, which will ultimately result in saturated capacity of landfills by 2020. This paper reports on the results of an investigation of utilization of paper waste as additional material in concrete mixes to be used for housing projects, for which it must be assured that the resulting concrete has the proper mechanical strength. Concrete mixes containing various contents of the waste were prepared and basic characteristics such as compressive strength and water absorption were determined and compared with a control mix. Four concrete mixes with 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of paper waste as an additional material to the concrete were prepared for M-25 concrete.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Density, Water Absorption, Slump Test, Concrete mix, Paper Waste.

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Lodhi Ravindra Singh, Akhtar Saleem, Batham Geeta, "Application of Paper Waste in Cement Concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fault Tolerant Parallel Filters Based On Bch Codes
  K.Mohana Krishna, Mrs.A.Maria Jossy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Digital filters are used in signal processing and communication systems. In some cases, the reliability of those systems is critical, and fault tolerant filter implementations are needed. Over the years, many techniques that exploit the filters' structure and properties to achieve fault tolerance have been proposed. As technology scales, it enables more complex systems that incorporate many filters. In those complex systems, it is common that some of the filters operate in parallel, for example, by applying the same filter to different input signals. Recently, a simple technique that exploits the presence of parallel filters to achieve multiple fault tolerance has been presented. In this brief, that idea is generalized to show that parallel filters can be protected using Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes (BCH) in which each filter is the equivalent of a bit in a traditional ECC. This new scheme allows more efficient protection when the number of parallel filters is large.
Keywords: Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem(BCH), filters, fault tolerance

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K.Mohana Krishna, Mrs.A.Maria Jossy, "Fault Tolerant Parallel Filters Based On Bch Codes"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Morphological, Electrical and Optical Properties of as-deposited and annealed InSe Thin Films
  M. Ariful Islam, M. Ashraful Alam, Md. Nuruzzaman, M. Julkarnain, and K. Alam Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Indium selenide (InSe) thin films have been deposited on to glass substrate by e-beam evaporation technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the surface morphology of the films. It is observed that the as-deposited InSe films have no sign of grains and the surfaces are almost smooth and uniform. While a number of grain boundaries are observed in the annealed films. Three different slopes in the conductivity vs temperature curves exhibits in as-deposited InSe films. If it is associated with three types of conduction mechanisms, then it might be interesting. The conductivity of annealed InSe films increases continuously with increasing temperature showing normal semiconducting behaviour. The direct optical band is found to decrease from 1.79 eV to 1.57 eV after annealing.
Keywords: Activation energy, Band gap, Electrical conductivity, E-beam, Thin films

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M. Ariful Islam, M. Ashraful Alam, Md. Nuruzzaman, M. Julkarnain, and K. Alam Khan, "Comparison of Morphological, Electrical and Optical Properties of as-deposited and annealed InSe Thin Films"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epoxy Matrix Polymer Hybrid Composites
  T.D. Jagannatha and G. Harish
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
Keywords: Micro Hardness, Epoxy, Hybrid, Flexural Strength, Vacuum Bagging Technique

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T.D. Jagannatha and G. Harish, "Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epoxy Matrix Polymer Hybrid Composites"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Magnetohydrodynamic Rayleigh Problem with Hall Effect in a porous Plate
  P T Hemamalini, M Deivanayaki, Jeyapratha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper gives very significant analytical and numerical results to the magnetohydrodynamic flow version of the classical Rayleigh problem including Hall Effect in a porous plate. An exact solution of the MHD flow of incompressible, electrically conducting, viscous fluid past an uniformly accelerated and insulated infinite porous plate has been presented. Numerical values for the effects of the Hall parameter N, the Hartmann number M and the Porosity parameter P₀ on the velocity components u and v are tabulated and their profiles are shown graphically. The numerical results show that the velocity component u and v increases with the increase of N, decreases with the increase of P₀ and u decreases and v increases with the increase of M.
Keywords: MHD flow, Hall Effect, Viscous fluid, Uniformly accelerated plate, Porous plate

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P T Hemamalini, M Deivanayaki, Jeyapratha, "Magnetohydrodynamic Rayleigh Problem with Hall Effect in a porous Plate"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental study on compressive strength of concrete by partially replacement of cement with sugar cane bagasse ash
  Jayminkumar A. Patel, Dr. D. B. Raijiwala
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Use of waste material in concrete is important for environmental aspect. Sugar cane bagasse ash is a waste by product of sugar mill. Present study is to investigate impact of sugar cane bagasse ash in concrete. In this experimental work sugar cane bagasse ash which is taken from Maroli sugar mill, Navsari, Gujarat, INDIA is partially replace with cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight in concrete. The grade of concrete is M25 and w/c ratio is 0.49 taken as a reference. 150*150*150 mm cubes are casted and tested for 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Compressive strength result shows that up to 10% replacement of sugar cane bagasse ash in concrete gives comparable result with normal concrete without any admixture, but 5% replacement give maximum compressive strength. Also the amount of sugar cane bagasse ash increase, workability of concrete increases.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Concrete, Partial replacement, Sugar cane bagasse ash, Workability

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Jayminkumar A. Patel, Dr. D. B. Raijiwala, "Experimental study on compressive strength of concrete by partially replacement of cement with sugar cane bagasse ash"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Simulation of Turbo Convolutional Codes for Deep Space Mission
  Chandan Mishra & Aashish Hiradhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In satellite communication deep space mission are the most challenging mission, where system has to work at very low Eb/No. Concatenated codes are the ideal choice for such deep space mission. The paper describes simulation of Turbo codes in SIMULINK . The performance of Turbo code is depend upon various factor. In this paper ,we have consider impact of interleaver design in the performance of Turbo code. A details simulation is presented and compare the performance with different interleaver design .
Keywords: Eb/No, PCCCs, HCCCs, SCCCs, SNR, AWGN,

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Chandan Mishra & Aashish Hiradhar, "Simulation of Turbo Convolutional Codes for Deep Space Mission"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Three Phase Matrix Converter AC-AC Utility Power Supply using SPWM Technique
  Sagar. S. Pawar, Prakash. T. Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the control analysis and design of an three phase matrix AC-AC utility power supply .The SPWM modulation techniques is used to control the desired output voltage and gives the control output voltage and reduced input harmonic distortions .In this Matrix converter Input is directly connected to output no DC link components is required. Simulation had been done using mat lab simulink and Simulated results are observed
Keywords: bidirectional switch, Matrix converter, Mat lab Simulink, spwm

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Sagar. S. Pawar, Prakash. T. Patil, "Design of Three Phase Matrix Converter AC-AC Utility Power Supply using SPWM Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Multilevel Inverter using SPWM Technique for AC Power Supply
  Prakash.T.Patil, Sagar.S.Pawar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents two multilevel inverter for AC power supply. The cascaded H bridge topology of multilevel inverter is implemented .The control strategy has been design using SPWM technique. The operation of multilevel inverter is analyzed. The output has controlled and reduction in harmonic and THD. The simulation model has been built in matlab simulink and results are observed.
Index Terms: Bi directional switch, multilevel inverter, matlab simulink, spwm,

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Prakash.T.Patil, Sagar.S.Pawar, "Multilevel Inverter using SPWM Technique for AC Power Supply"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Solar Thermochemical Conversion of CO₂ into C via SnO₂/SnO Redox Cycle: A Thermodynamic Study
  Dareen Dardor, Rahul Bhosale, Shahd Gharbia, Ahmed AlNouss, Anand Kumar, Fares Al Momani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we report the computational thermodynamic modeling of the solar thermochemical SnO₂/SnO redox cycle for solid C production via CO₂ splitting. In this redox cycle, the first step corresponds to the solar thermal reduction of SnO₂ into SnO and O₂ in presence of inert atmosphere. The second step, which is a non-solar exothermic stage, is the reaction of SnO with CO₂ to produce solid C together with SnO₂ that is recycled back to the first step. Commercially available HSC Chemistry software and databases were used for the computational thermodynamic modeling of this process. The thermodynamic analysis was performed in two sections: 1) equilibrium composition analysis, and 2) exergy analysis. Results obtained via the computational thermodynamic modeling are presented in detail. The simulation results indicate that the solar thermochemical SnO₂/SnO redox cycle for solid C production via CO₂ splitting can achieve the solar to fuel conversion efficiency upto 12%.
Keywords: Solar Energy, Computational Thermodynamic Modeling, Exergy Analysis, SnO₂/SnO, CO₂ Splitting

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Dareen Dardor, Rahul Bhosale, Shahd Gharbia, Ahmed AlNouss, Anand Kumar, Fares Al Momani, "Solar Thermochemical Conversion of CO2 into C via SnO2/SnO Redox Cycle: A Thermodynamic Study"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Control of Dvr with Battery Energy Storage System Using Srf Theory
  B.Kavitha, B.Preethi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

One of the best solutions to improve power quality is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). DVR is a kind of custom power devices that can inject active/reactive power to the power grids. This can protect loads from disturbances such as sag and swell. Usually DVR installed between sensitive loads feeder and source in distribution system. Its features include lower cost, smaller size, and its fast dynamic response to the disturbance. In this project SRF technique is used for conversion of voltage from rotating vectors to the stationary frame. SRF technique is also referred as park's transformation. In this the reference load voltage is estimated using the unit vectors. The real power exchanged at the DVR output ac terminal is provided by the DVR input dc terminal by an external energy source or energy storage system. In this project three phase parallel or series load may be used along with SRF technique to compensate voltage sag and voltage swell. And also wind generator is also used as a load. This project presents the simulation of DVR system using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: DVR (Dynamic voltage restorer), VSC (Voltage source converter), PCC (Point of common coupling), SRF (synchronous reference frame).

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B.Kavitha, B.Preethi, "Control of Dvr with Battery Energy Storage System Using Srf Theory"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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