Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Nowadays, the concern about noise pollution is acquiring considerable importance especiallly in industrial enviroment where there exist alot of machinerys and equipment. The aim of this study was to determine the level of noise pollution generated by some plants specifically Carbon Black Plant, Power Plant & Utilities, Waste Water treatment Plant and Fuels Plant in Warri Refining & Petrochemical Company (WRPC), Warri, Nigeria and recommmend strageties for noise control. Noise level data was obtained from the environmental monitoring unit of WRPC for period April to November, 2012 .The results showed that the noise level exceeded the 85 dB(A) WHO recommended limit for industrial area in the Carbon Black Plant,Power Plant & Utilities and Fuels Plant in WRPC but was lower than 85 dB(A) in Waste Water treatment Plant section of WRPC.It was observed that such noise pollution can present health problems to the workers.Recommendations have been made to the company in this study to remedy this problems and challenges.
Keywords: Carbon black plant, fuel plant,, noise pollution, refining and petrochemical company, waste water plant.

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J.O. Osarenmwinda and A.A Onojoserio, "Noise pollution in a Refining & Petrochemical Company in Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

An enhanced but simple single band Rectangular patch antenna is presented. This compact micro strip antenna is obtained by inserting small coaxial feed in a Rectangular patch antenna. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an RTduroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 3.2mm.The design is analysed by finite element method based HFSS simulator software (version 13.0).The simulated return loss obtained is -31.4402db at 2.4GHZ respectively. Therfore this antenna is applicable for SHF band applications.
Keywords: Frequency, Gain, HFSS, Patch Antenna, Return Loss, Substrate, SHF

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Udayalakshmi D, Anuradha O, Alekhya K, S Nagakishore Bhavanam, "Design & Simulation of single frequency Rectangular Patch Antenna by Using HFSS"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Gears or toothed wheels form a positive drive for power transmission system in precision machines wherein a definite velocity ratio is needed. Despite having high cost, complicated manufacturing, need of precise alignment of shafts and lubrication, the gear drives are preferred over other power transmission drives. One of the important reasons of preference being that of efficiency which is very high in gear drives, even upto 99 per cent in case of spur gears. Spur gears are the simplest of the gear drives having teeth cut parallel to the axis of the shaft. Herein, we report the contact stress analysis of Stainless Steel spur gears by theoretical method using Hertz equations and by Finite Element Analysis using FEA software ANSYS 14.0 Workbench. The spur gear is sketched and modelled in ANSYS Design Modeller and the contact stress analysis is done in Mechanical ANSYS Multiphysics. When compared, the results of both theoretical method and FEA show a good degree of agreement with each other.
Keywords: Spur Gear, Contact Stress, Hertz Equations, ANSYS 14.0 Workbench, Finite Element Analysis.

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Mohammad Jebran Khan, Arunish Mangla, SajadHussain Din, "Contact Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Spur Gears using Finite Element Analysis and Comparison with Theoretical Results using Hertz Theory"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Tool Wear is of great apprehension in machining industries since itaffects the surface quality, dimensional accuracy and production cost of the materials / components. In the present study twenty seven experiments were conducted as per 3 parameter 3 level full factorial design for turning operation of a mild steel specimen with high speed steel (HSS) cutting tool. An experimental investigation on cutting tool wear and a mathematical model for tool wear estimation is reported in this paper where the model was simulated by computer programming and it has been found that this model is capable of estimating the wear rate of cutting tool and it provides an optimum set of process parameters for minimum tool wear.
Keywords: Tool Wear, Spindle speed, Depth of Cut, Feed Rate, DOE etc.

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Manik Barman, Dr. Sudip Mukherjee, "Optimization of Process Parameters of Tool Wear in Turning Operation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In the early destruction of asphalt pavement, water damage is the most major form.In this paper, experimental study was conducted on the composition of asphalt concrete,Marshall specimens were made in different types of aggregate gradation with the same kind of asphalt. Water immersion tests were conducted in order to analysis the relationship between the water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement.
Keywords: Asphalt Pavement, Water Damage, Aggregate gradation,Water immersion test

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Zhao Bing, Zhao Bo, Li Teng-fei, Zhai Yong-chao, "Research on the relationship between water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Fonio ("Acha") husk passing through a maximum 4mm sieve aperture was blended with an adhesive liquid resin of gum Arabic to form Fonio Husk Particleboard (FHP) samples. The resin binder was a product of crushed balls of gum Arabic that was mixed with water at ratio 4:3 by weight. The resin was introduced at percentage levels of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% by weight. After pressing, heat treatments and curing, the particleboard samples were tested for mechanical strengths. The compressive strength ranged from 0.057N/mm² at 20% level to 0.369N/mm²at 45% level. Tensile strength increased steadily with increase in resin levels peaking at 0.792 N/mm² for 45% level. The flexural strength followed the same trend peaking at 45% level with 3.697 N/mm². Some of the values met the minimum values prescribed by British, American and European Standards. The boards may not be used as load bearing materials but will be better suited as internal wall partitions and ceiling materials.

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Ndububa E. E, Nwobodo D. C and Okeh, I. M, "Mechanical Strength of Particleboard Produced from Fonio Husk with Gum Arabic Resin Adhesive as Binder"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Recent years have seen an outpour of revived interest in the use of high altitude airships for a number of applications. Present day developments in materials, propulsion, solar panels,Wireless Communication and energy storage systems and the need for a more eco-oriented approach to flight are increasing the curiosity in airships, as the series of new projects deployed in recent years show; moreover, the exploitation of the always mounting simulation capabilities in CAD/CAE, CFD and FEA provided by modern computers allow an accurate design useful to optimize and reduce the development time of these vehicles. The purpose of this contribution is to examine the different aspects of airship development with a review of current modeling techniques for airship dynamics and aerodynamics along with conceptual design and optimization techniques, structural design and manufacturing technologies , wireless and energy system technologies .A brief history of airships is presented followed by an analysis of conventional and unconventional airships including current projects and conceptual designs
Keyword— CAD, CFD, Wireless Communication etc .

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Md.Abdul Sami, N.Alekhya Reddy, K.Akhil Reddy, Kanaka Bhushan, Kalyan Dagamoori, Rakesh Mudhiraj, Bheemarasetty.Prudhvi, Pikkalkar Praveen Kumar8, G.Sai Pavan Kumar, Katte.Abhilash Teja, "A Brief Study on Airship Using Aerospace, Electronic and Communication Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The current practice adopted by hypertensive patients in managing hypertension is making frequent visits to a health center as recommended by medical specialists. However, very few patients adhere to this practice as it is time consuming and tiresome especially if they have to travel for long distances to have their BP checked. This practice is also not practical for critically-ill patients. Consequently, most patients neglect BP check-ups and therefore focus on medication alone. This puts the patients' at risk as uncontrolled BP can lead to fatal complications. The overall objective of this research was to design, develop and pilot-test a mobile telemedicine system that helps patients' to self-manage their BP condition from the comfort of their homes. Participatory action research design was used in this study. Testing for performance, usability and utilityof the tele-medicine system was conducted.
Keywords: Hypertension, BP (Blood Pressure), Tele-medicine, Tele-medicine system, Usability, Utility

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James W. Mugoh, Andrew M. Kahonge, "A Mobile-Phone Tele-Medicine System That Promotes Self-Management of Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients in Kirinyaga Sub County"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Energy has become a critical issue in national and global economic development. Its crucial importance to the nation's building makes the development of energy resources one of the leading agenda of the present democratic government of Nigeria, towards lifting the nation to the comity of twenty (20) nations with the fastest growing economy in 2020. In achieving this, the building industry and in particular the architectural profession has a leading role to play in adopting education, designs, materials, and technology capable of reducing energy consumption in building within tropic region. This paper, therefore, appraises the important features of energy performance building through the use of sustainable innovative materials and technology that respond to climate condition while being environmentally friendly.
Key words: sustainable; energy resource building; materials; technology and climate

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Barka Joseph Kwaji, Dr Halil Zafer Alibaba, "Sustainable Energy Resource Buildings: Some Relevant Feautures for Built Environment Needs In Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The art of information hiding has received much attention in the recent years as security of information has become a big concern in this internet era. As sharing of sensitive information via a common communication channel has become inevitable. Steganography means hiding a secret message (the embedded message) within a larger one (source cover) in such a way that an observer cannot detect the presence of contents of the hidden message [1]. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet [2]. This paper intends to give an overview of image Steganography, its uses and techniques. It also attempts to identify the requirements of a good Steganography algorithm and briefly reflects on which Steganography techniques are more suitable for which applications.
Key words: Steganography, LSB method, Stego-object, Spatial domain, ARGB.

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Lalit Kumar Jain, Jyotiprakash Patra, Himanshu Kumar Gawhade, "An LSB Method Of Image Steganographic Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, the basic idea is about the recycled technology of asphalt mixture, more in-depth study of the low-temperature performance of warm mix asphalt(WMA).First of all, Including the evaluation of low temperature performance of WMA made of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) (passed and not passed 2.36mm screen), and the influence of WMA with RAP mixed of different dosage of dispersant. Then, using the SBS modified asphalt and base asphalt were test at low temperature, research on the influence of different type of asphalt to the low temperature performance of WMA.
Keywords: aging, recycled asphalt mixture, warm mix, low temperature performance

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Xiaolan Duan, Chunge Li, Congliang Wu, Xiaoye Yang, "Evaluation on Low Temperature Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixture Using Warm Mix Asphalt Technology"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

When creating shapes by using a 3D printer, usually, a static (declarative) model designed by using a 3D CAD system is translated to a CAM program and it is sent to the printer. However, widely-used FDM-type 3D printers input a dynamical (procedural) program that describes control of motions of the print head and extrusion of the filament. If the program is expressed by using a programming language or a library in a straight manner, solids can be created by a method similar to turtle graphics. An open-source library that enables "turtle 3D printing" method was described by Python and tested. Although this method currently has a problem that it cannot print in the air; however, if this problem is solved by an appropriate method, shapes drawn by 3D turtle graphics freely can be embodied by this method.
Keywords: 3D printer, Turtle graphics, Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM

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Yasusi Kanada, ""3D Turtle Graphics" by using a 3D Printer"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The present paper explores the result of hygrothermic aging of polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam core sandwich composites immersed in different temperature deionized (DI) and sea waters. The prepared specimens were tested for moisture up-take behavior and the resulting property degradation in terms of flexural and flat wise compressive strength. The results indicate that the saturated hygroscopic time of specimens immersed in low temperature water and high temperature water is about 480h and 720h, respectively. Due to the presence of ionic in sea water, the specimens immersed in sea water have higher compressive and flexural strength than specimens immersed in DI water.
Keywords: Sandwich structure, PMI foam, Moisture absorption, Mechanical degradation

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Liang Yin, Rui Xia Zhao, Chang Fang Ding, "Moisture absorption and mechanical degradation studies of PMI foam cored fiber/epoxy resin sandwich composites"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Client side attacks are those which exploits the vulnerabilities in client side applications such as browsers, plug-ins etc. The remote attackers execute the malicious code in end user's system without his knowledge. Here in this research, we propose to detect and measure the drive by download class of malware which infect the end user's system through HTTP based propagation mechanism. The purpose of this research is to introduce a class of technology known as client honeypot through which we execute the domains in a virtual machine in more optimized manner. Those virtual machines are the controlled environment for the execution of those URLs. During the execution of the websites, the PE files dropped into the system are logged and further analyzed for categorization of malware. Further the critical analysis has been performed by applying some reverse engineering techniques to categories the class of malware and source of infections performed by the malware.
Keywords: Client Honeypot, Drive-by-Download, Client-side exploits, Intrusion Detection, Malware Analysis

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Mandeep Sidhu, Rajneesh Narula, "Client Honeypot Based Drive by Download Exploit Detection and their Categorization"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A simple and comprehensive introduction of the Finite Element Method for undergraduate courses is proposed. With very simple mathematics, students can easily understand it. The primary objective is to make students comfortable with the approach and cognizant of its potentials. The technique is based on the general overview of the steps involved in the solution of a typical finite element problem. This is followed by simple examples of mathematical developments which allow developing and demonstrating the major aspects of the finite element approach unencumbered by complicating factors.
Index terms: Finite Element Method, Undergraduate Courses, Numerical Analysis, Teaching Methods and Technique.

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Pedro Americo Almeida Magalhaes Junior; Daniel Januário Cordeiro Gomes, "A Comprehensive Introduction of the Finite Element Method for Undergraduate Courses"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper we present a new iterative method for cryptography, in which we apply Laplace transform of suitable function for encrypting the plain text and we apply corresponding inverse Laplace transform for decryption. Finally we developed the results in the generalized form. We also obtained the corresponding encryption algorithm for this method.
Keywords: Cryptography, Data encryption, Applications to coding, coding theory and cryptography,

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A.P. Hiwarekar, "Cryptography Using Laplace Transform"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of smallnodes with sensing, computation and wireless communicationscapabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several othernodes when established in large and this opens up severaltechnical challenges and immense application possibilities.These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hopwireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniquescannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain due tothe limited processing power and the finite power available toeach sensor nodes hence recent advances in wireless sensornetworks have developed many protocols depending on theapplication and network architecture and are specificallydesigned for sensor networks where energy awareness is anessential consideration. This paper presents routingprotocols for sensor networks and compares the routingprotocols that are presently of increasing importance. In this paper, we propose Hybrid Routing Protocol whichcombines the merits of proactive and reactive approach andovercome their demerits.
Keywords: Ad hoc network, Hybrid Routing Protocol, AODV, Broadcast Reply (BR), etc

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Ms. Manisha M. Magdum, P. P. Belagali, "A Comparative Analysis for Hybrid Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Biological systems process the analog signals such as image and sound efficiently. To process the information the way biological systems do we make use of ANN. (Artificial Neural Networks) The focus of this paper is to review the implementation of the neural network architecture using analog components like Gilbert cell multiplier, differential amplifier for neuron activation function and tan sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor. The neural architecture is trained using Back propagation algorithm for compressing the image. This paper surveys the methods of implementing the neural network using VLSI .Different CMOS technologies are used for implementing the circuits for arithmetic operations (i.e. 180nm, 45nm, 32nm).And the MOS transistors are working in sub threshold region. In this paper a review is made on how the VLSI architecture is used to implement neural networks and trained for compressing the image.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks Back propagation algorithm

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Sindhu R, Dr Shilpa Mehta, "Implementing Neural Networks Using VLSI for Image Processing (compression)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Waste disposal is becoming a cause of concern &alot of research is being carried out for removal of pollutants. Adsorption is viewed as one of the effective methods & new adsorbents having low cost, bio-degradability& effectiveness are being developed. Bark, leaves, seeds, drumsticks&shells can be synthesized into adsorbents.Present work addresses to the development of adsorbent from waste materials such as 'Tectona grandis' seeds. Thermal and boiling water treatment have been adopted in synthesis of three types of adsorbents namely 'Thermally treated whole seed', 'Thermally treated particulateseed' & 'Raw boiled whole seed'. In preliminary investigation 'Raw boiled whole seed' is found to be effective in 12% adsorption of Victoria blue from synthetically prepared aqueous solution. Similarly these adsorbents are useful in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution to the extent of 12 to 52 % depending upon the type of adsorbent and initial feed solution. 'Thermally treated particulate seed' is observed to be the best amongst three adsorbents synthesized. It can concluded that there is need to tap the potential in adsorbentssynthesized from 'Tectona grandis seed' by conducting more experiments involving different types of adsorbents.
Keywords: Adsorption,Boiled & Thermally treated,Cr(VI), 'Tectona grandisseed' & Victoriablue.

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Anand P. Jain, S.L.Pandharipande, "Investigation &Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Adsorbent Synthesized from 'Tectona grandis' seed in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Water damage phenomenon is widespread in our country, especially in southern rainy regions. This article adopts the method of indoor experimental comparison to study on road performance of a variety of spalling resistance material, like cement、quick lime、hydrated lime、amine、no-amine. The results found that: the comprehensive performance of quick lime as the spalling resistance material is better than other materials on the performance of overall road.
Keywords: water damage, adhesion, the material of resistance to spalling, contrast test, road performance.

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Wu Dengrui, "Comparative study on the materials of resistance to spall in the asphalt pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The polymer electrolyte based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes with conducting Polyaniline (PANI) and Sodium triflate salt (NaCF₃SO₃) has been prepared in different weight percentage(wt%) by insitu polymerization method. The complexation is characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which confirmed the presence of polyethylene oxide complexes with conducting Polyaniline and Sodium triflate salt. DC conductivity studies show thermally activated behavior of all the composites. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behavior of all the complexes. Maximum conductivity was observed in 30 wt% of Sodium triflate salt complexes with conducting Polyaniline and polyethylene oxide.
Keywords: Polyaniline, Sodium triflate salt, Polyethylene oxide, complexes, DC conductivity.

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Joshi Purushottam V, Chakradhar Sridhar B, M. V. N. Ambika Prasad, S. Ramana Murthy, P. S. Naik, "Synthesis, characterization and DC Conductivity Studies of NaCF3SO3 -PEO Doped Polyaniline Complexes"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Diesel engines are used for automotive application because they have lower specific fuel consumption and superior efficiency compared to S.I engines. However in spite of these advantages NOx and smoke emissions from the diesel engines cause serious environmental problems. In the present work, biodiesel was produced from Palmyra oil. In this present work, investigations were carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Palmyra oil. The results were compared with diesel fuel, and the selected Palmyra oil fuel blends. For this experiment a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine was used. Tests were carried out over entire range of engine operation at varying conditions of load. To increase the engine performance parameters and to decrease the exhaust gas emissions with increase biodiesel concentration. The experimental results provide that the use of biodiesel in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel. Additive to add the Ethanol. The blending percentage in the steps of 10%, 20% & 30%.
Keywords: Palmyra oil, blended fuel, ethanol, NOx

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T.Venkata Srinivasa Rao, V. Ranjith Kumar, Dr.P.Vijaya Kumar, "Performance & Emissions Characteristics of a Four Stroke Diesel Engine Fuelled With Different Blends of Palmyra Oil with Diesel"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Small scale industries produce certain products depending on the type of industry they have established. If these small scale industries decide to become medium scale certain changes have to be incorporated in plant layout to meet certain requirements. Certain changes include change in layout design, introducing new machines and equipments in the industry in order to produce new component .To implement these changes in the company we have to get information regarding the new component the company would produce based on this information we have design new plant layout. The purpose of this project is to plan a suitable plant layout which could meet company requirement. To design a new plant layout we are using Delmia as the simulation software. DELMIA Production System Simulation allows the process planner to validate the manufacturing system dynamically. Product flow and operation time, as well as scheduled maintenance and random equipment failure events, are simulated to help the planner understand how they will impact the system's capacity. Process planners can determine if changes to the system are needed to achieve the desired production demands.
Keywords: Delmia, Virtual commission, Digital manufacturing.

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Akash.M.R, Dr. B. R. Narendra Babu, Dr. K.Chandrashekara, "Virtual Commissioning of Small to Medium Scale Industry Using the Concepts of Digital Manufacturing"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com