• Is Industrialism A Blessing? A Study of Anjali Deshpande's Impeachment
  Tresa P T
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment.Just as feminist criticism examines lanquage and literature prom a gender- conscious perspective,and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to its reading of texts,ecocriticism takes an earth centered approach to literary studies. The interest on this Topic'Ecocriticism' aims at more about the relationship between' Nature and Literature'More over to quench the thirst through research for the basic reason of different culture.Is it because the influence of nature?or what are the things play the predominant role here?Now a days some changes are happening in the nature. So the curiosity is here to know about the consequences on the society:that is literature. Bhopal gas tragedy occurred on the night of 2-3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited(UCIL)pesticide plant in Bhopal,Madhya Pradesh.Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals.The toxic substance made its way in and around the shantytowns located near the plant.The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787deaths related to the gas release.
Keywords: Ecocriticism, Environment, Isocyanate gas, Pesticide, Toxic substance

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Tresa P T, "Is Industrialism A Blessing? A Study of Anjali Deshpande's Impeachment"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Synchronizing Parallel Tasks Using STM
  Ryan Saptarshi Ray, Utpal Kumar Ray, Surojit Mondal, Parama Bhaumik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. One such drawback is that locks should be only used to enclose the critical section of the parallel-processing code. If locks are used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code drastically decreases. Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a promising new approach to programming shared-memory parallel processors. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program. If STM is used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code is the same as that of the code in which STM is used to enclose the critical section only and is far better than code in which locks have been used to enclose the entire code. So STM is easier to use than locks as critical section does not need to be identified in case of STM. This paper shows the concept of writing code using Software Transactional Memory (STM) and the performance comparison of codes using locks with those using STM. It also shows why the use of STM in parallel-processing code is better than the use of locks.
Keywords: Parallel Programming; Multiprocessing; Locks; Transactions; Software Transactional Memory

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Ryan Saptarshi Ray, Utpal Kumar Ray, Surojit Mondal, Parama Bhaumik, "Synchronizing Parallel Tasks Using STM"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of Line of Balance Method for Scheduling High-rise Building
  Ms. Harsha Talodhikar, Prof. Mrs. Smita V. Pataskar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In linear construction projects like high rise buildings, roadways, pipelines where activities are repeated after a specific interval, it is very much important for project manager to monitor the project at each stage. Line of Balance method is therefore useful for the project like high rise building to monitor the progress of the work. This method is useful for calculating the total duration of the project, crew synchronization and also shows the process, status, timing and phasing of the project activities. The overall objective of this study is to identify the total duration required by the project for its completion and its comparison with the actual plan by using Line of Balance method, to crash some of the activities and find out the total duration of crashed activities and to calculate labours required for the crashed activities by drawing the graph of Histogram.Keywords- crashing, crew synchronization, buffer, Histogram, Rate of Production

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Ms. Harsha Talodhikar, Prof. Mrs. Smita V. Pataskar, "Implementation of Line of Balance Method for Scheduling High-rise Building"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Response time analysis of mixed messages in CAN
  S. Arthy, Mrs. M. Vanitha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a network protocol that allows multiple processors in a system to communicate efficiently with each other. Microprocessors became small enough and powerful enough to start appearing everywhere, not just inside personal computers. A CAN system sends messages using a serial bus network, with the individual nodes (processors) in the network linked together in a daisy chain. Every node in the system is equal to every other node. Any processor can send a message to any other processor, and if any processor fails, the other systems in the machine will continue to work properly and communicate with each other.In modern vehicle technology CAN is used to reduce point to point wiring harness for vehicle automation and for data communication. To overcome the drawbacks of analog vehicle driving interface, this paper presents the development and implementation of a digital driving system for a semi-autonomous vehicle to improve the driver-vehicle interface. This offers increased flexibility and expandability. This system uses sensors to measure temperature, distance from the other car, presence of alcohol in car, position monitoring, theft monitoring and etc., and sends a warning signal to the driver if any of the parameter goes out of range to avoid accidents. In addition to this if accident occurs in any remote area then using vibration sensor, accident is detected and SMS is send immediately using GSM and preventing him from potentially getting into a serious problems.
Key words: CAN, Monitoring, Controlling, analog vehicle driving, digital vehicle driving.

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S. Arthy, Mrs. M. Vanitha, "Response time analysis of mixed messages in CAN"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bio-medical (EMG) Signal Analysis and Feature Extraction Using Wavelet Transform
  Rhutuja Raut, Dr. A. A. Gurjar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, the multi-channel electromyogram acquisition system is being developed using programmable system on chip (PSOC) microcontroller to obtain the surface of EMG signal. The two pairs of single-channel surface electrodes are utilized to measure the EMG signal obtained from forearm muscles. Then different levels of Wavelet family are used to analyze the EMG signal. Later features in terms of root mean square, logarithm of root mean square, centroid of frequency, as well as standard deviation were used to extract the EMG signal. The proposed method of feature extraction for extracting EMG signal states that root means square feature extraction method gives better performance as compared to the other features. In the near future, this method can be used to control a mechanical arm as well as robotic arm in field of real-time processing.
Keywords: EMG Signal, Feature Extraction, Wavelet Transform.

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Rhutuja Raut, Dr. A. A. Gurjar, "Bio-medical (EMG) Signal Analysis and Feature Extraction Using Wavelet Transform"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• IRDO: Iris Recognition by fusion of DTCWT and OLBP
  Arunalatha J S, Rangaswamy Y, Tejaswi V, Shaila K, Raja K B, Dinesh Anvekar, Venugopal K R, S S Iyengar, L M Patnaik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Iris Biometric is a physiological trait of human beings. In this paper, we propose Iris an Recognition using Fusion of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Over Lapping Local Binary Pattern (OLBP) Features. An eye is preprocessed to extract the iris part and obtain the Region of Interest (ROI) area from an iris. The complex wavelet features are extracted for region from the Iris DTCWT. OLBP is further applied on ROI to generate features of magnitude coefficients. The resultant features are generated by fusing DTCWT and OLBP using arithmetic addition. The Euclidean Distance (ED) is used to compare test iris with database iris features to identify a person. It is observed that the values of Total Success Rate (TSR) and Equal Error Rate (EER) are better in the case of proposed IRDO compared to the state-of-the art techniques.
Keyword— Biometric, DTCWT, EER, OLBP, TSR

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Arunalatha J S, Rangaswamy Y, Tejaswi V, Shaila K, Raja K B, Dinesh Anvekar, Venugopal K R, S S Iyengar, L M Patnaik, "IRDO: Iris Recognition by fusion of DTCWT and OLBP" Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Numerical simulation of Pressure Drop through a Compact Helical geometry
  Ayushi Gupta, Priyanka Agrawal, Tanushree Shukla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pipes are used in every industrial thermo-fluid equipment and systems, such as tubes, ducts, heat exchangers, air conditioning and refrigerating systems etc. Flatter velocity profiles and more uniform thermal environments are extremely desirous factors for improved performance of these flow reactors and heat exchangers. One means of achieving it in laminar flow systems is to use mixers and flow inverters. In the present study a new device is introduced by changing the dean number of fluid flowing in helically coiled tubes. The objective is to study velocity profile and pressure drop in the proposed device made up from the configurations of changing radius. Pressure drop in straight, helical coil and compact helical geometry configuration were compared using computational fluid dynamics software (FLUENT) results.
Keyword— Pressure drop, compact helical geometery, computational fluid dynamics, laminar flow.

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Ayushi Gupta, Priyanka Agrawal, Tanushree Shukla, "Numerical simulation of Pressure Drop through a Compact Helical geometry"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Composition of Sand Mold on Mechanical Properties and Density of Al-Alloy Casting Using Taguchi Design Approach
  M. Viquar Mohiuddin, A. Krishnaiah, S. Ferhathullah Hussainy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Sand casting process involves many parameters such as size of the sand grain, amount of clay, percentage of moisture, green compressive strength, permeability, number of ramming, shatter index, mold type, mold hardness, etc. to name a few. In this paper the effect of sand mold casting process parameters, especially composition of molding sand, on hardness, tensile strength and density of aluminium alloy castings are studied. While other parameters are kept constant, grain fineness number, amount of clay, amount of moisture and number of ramming are varied. Experiments are conducted based on Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array and cast specimens are tested to obtain their mechanical properties and density. The results obtained are evaluated to optimize process parameters at three different levels. . Optimum levels are found as Grain fineness number 55, two times ramming, 12 percent Clay and 13 percent Moisture. Based on optimum level of process parameters, confirmation test is conducted and results are found to be in confidence level.
Keywords: Al-alloys, Casting parameters, Mechanical properties, Mold composition, and Taguchi method.

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M. Viquar Mohiuddin, A. Krishnaiah, S. Ferhathullah Hussainy, "Effect of Composition of Sand Mold on Mechanical Properties and Density of Al-Alloy Casting Using Taguchi Design Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Research on Linking between Bridges and Existing Road Network of Mountainous City
  Xiaoxia Zhai, Lin Wu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Because of the complex topography of mountainous city, there is usually large difference between bridge and existing road network in elevation. In order to realize rapid traffic of vehicles, reasonable interchange ramp can be designed to realize rapid dividing of vehicles at bridgehead. This paper mainly introduces a typical interchange at bridgehead — Caiyuanba Interchange, located in Chongqing, a mountainous city, explains difficulties encountered in engineering design and realizes rapid dividing of vehicles by designing reasonable interchange at bridgehead, so as to accumulate certain experience in the construction of interchange at bridgehead.
Key words: Mountainous city, elevation, existing road network, interchange at bridgehead, rapid traffic

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Xiaoxia Zhai, Lin Wu, "Research on Linking between Bridges and Existing Road Network of Mountainous City"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• 360º Degree Requirement Elicitation Framework for Cloud Service Providers
  Versha Saxena and Dr. Deepak Arora
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Thisstudy addresses the factors responsible for cloud computing adoption in implementing cloud computing for any organization. Service Level Agreements play a major role for cloud consumer as well as for cloud provider. SLA depends on the requirements gathered by the cloud providers and they vary with the type of organizations for which process is being performed such as education, retail, IT industry etc. SLAs for cloud computing involves technical as well as business requirements which makes the gathering of requirements from stakeholders point of view the heterogeneous process. This research work proposes a 360 degree requirement gathering framework, which reduces the complexitiesduring the process of requirement gathering by cloud service providersas well as SLAs more reliant.

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Versha Saxena and Dr. Deepak Arora, "360º Degree Requirement Elicitation Framework for Cloud Service Providers"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dynamic Texture Coding using Modified Haar Wavelet with CUDA
  Premanand P Ghadekar, Nilesh A Parmar, Nilkanth B Chopade
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Texture is an image having repetition of patterns. There are two types, static and dynamic texture. Static texture is an image having repetitions of patterns in the spatial domain. Dynamic texture is number of frames having repetitions in spatial and temporal domain. This paper introduces a novel method for dynamic texture coding to achieve higher compression ratio of dynamic texture using 2D-modified Haar wavelet transform. The dynamic texture video contains high redundant parts in spatial and temporal domain. Redundant parts can be removed to achieve high compression ratios with better visual quality. The modified Haar wavelet is used to exploit spatial and temporal correlations amongst the pixels. The YCbCr color model is used to exploit chromatic components as HVS is less sensitive to chrominance. To decrease the time complexity of algorithm parallel programming is done using CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). GPU contains the number of cores as compared to CPU, which is utilized to reduce the time complexity of algorithms.
Keywords: Compression, CUDA, Dynamic texture, GPU, Haar wavelet, PSNR, SSIM

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Premanand P Ghadekar, Nilesh A Parmar, Nilkanth B Chopade, "Dynamic Texture Coding using Modified Haar Wavelet with CUDA"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Adoption of a National Cloud Framework for Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria
  Chinedu Ukeje, Oni .O.A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

National cloud framework (NCF) , based on the cloud computing framework, is the idea of a cloud that is completely owned and managed by the government of a country for the sole purpose of delivering social amenities for the citizenry of that country with the aim of achieving the mandate of governance.The emergence of the internet and more specifically the idea of a cloud have brought about the application of information technology in almost all area of human activities, one such area is the healthcare sector.This paper tries to draw out a framework for the adoption of eHealth into cloud computing through the NCF model for the easy delivery of healthcare services by the government of Nigeria.The paper tries to address challenges concerning eHealth as regards Nigeria health sector and how the NCF model will help resolve these issues and also propose the adoption of this framework by other developing countries.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, e-Health, National Cloud, Information Technology, framework

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Chinedu Ukeje, Oni .O.A, "The Adoption of a National Cloud Framework for Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Computational Analysis of Flow Development through a Constant Area C- Duct
  A. K. Biswas, Prasanta K Sinha, A. N. Mullick & B Majumdar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper represents the results of an experimental work with measurement of mean velocity along with total pressure contours in 2-D form and validation of the same with numerical results based on the wall y+ approach for various turbulent models like, Spalart Alamras, k-ε model, k-ω model and RSM models are used to solve the closure problem. The turbulence models are investigated in the commercial CFD code of Fluent using y+ as guidance in selecting the appropriate grid configuration and turbulence model. The experiment is carried out at mass averaged mean velocity of 40m/s and the geometry of the duct is chosen as rectangular cross-section of 90 curved constant area duct .In the present paper the computational results obtained from different turbulence models are compared with the experimental result along with the near-wall treatments are investigated for wall y+<30 in the region where both viscous and turbulent shear dominates and y+>30 in the fully turbulent region. It is concluded in the present study that the mesh resolving the fully turbulent region is sufficiently accurate in terms of qualitative features. Here RSM turbulence model predicts the best results while comparing with the experimental results.
Keywords: Constant area C-duct, Turbulence Models, Wall function, Fluent Solver

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A. K. Biswas, Prasanta K Sinha, A. N. Mullick & B Majumdar, "A Computational Analysis of Flow Development through a Constant Area C- Duct"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey of Privacy-Preserving Algorithms for Finding meeting point in Mobile Adhoc Network
  Lochana Gaulkar, Vaishali Katkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Location privacy in Location Based Services (LBS) is the capability to protect the connection between user's identity, uncertainty sources, servers and database, thereby restraining an impending attacker from conveniently linking users of LBS to convinced locations. Smart Phones have become most important gadget for maintaining the daily activities, highly interconnected urban population is also increasingly dependent on these gadgets to regulate and schedule their daily lives. These applications often depend on current location of user or a class of user. Use of Smart Mapping technology is also increasing in large area; this system provides an easy attainable online platform that can be used for accessing many services. This survey paper projects the privacy-preserving algorithm to find the most favorable meeting location for a class of users. GSM calculates the location of all users.
Keywords: Location Privacy, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

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Lochana Gaulkar, Vaishali Katkar, "A Survey of Privacy-Preserving Algorithms for Finding meeting point in Mobile Adhoc Network"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Ternary Content Addressable Memory Types And Matchline Schemes
  Sulthana A, Meenakshi V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) used in many application like network routers and packet classification. To reduce the power consumption of matchlines, the matchline partitioning scheme is used. Matchline is partitioned into NOR and NAND type matchline. If NAND (NOR) type TCAM cell is used then NAND (NOR) type matchline is used. NOR type TCAM has feature of high speed and high compare power. NAND type TCAM has low speed and low compare power. The NAND and NOR type matchlines are combined to form the pai-sigma matchlines. In pai segment the NAND type cells are connected in parallel to form the NAND type matchline. In sigma segment NOR type cells are connected in series to form the NOR type matchline. When compare operation is performed all NAND type matchlines are activated because switching power is low. Based on the match result of the NAND matchlines the NOR matchlines are activated because of high speed. The matchline incurs the problem of short circuit current due to mismatch and match result of NAND and NOR matchlines. NAND type matchline exist the problem of charge sharing when the search result of the NAND line is mismatches. This proposed TCAM has less compare (search) power compared to the NAND/NOR type TCAM cell.
Keywords: Content Addressable Memories (CAM), Ternary CAM (TCAM), NAND TCAM, NOR TCAM, Matchline Power (MP), Ripple Precharge (RP), Internet Protocol (IP), Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), Match Line (ML).

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WU Sulthana A, Meenakshi V, "Ternary Content Addressable Memory Types And Matchline Schemes"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Prototype Model for Monitoring the Factories Remnants on Nile River
  Sherif Kamel Hussein
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In order to drive down the cost of wind turbine cast components, the optimization of each production step is necessary. In particular, foundry moulds used for the production of cast components undergo a process of drying needed to avoid quality problems in the final parts. In order to reduce drying times forced convection by the use of fans is needed. In this work we perform Computational Fluid Dynamic studies with the aim to optimize the drying process for mould geometries typically used for the production of wind turbine components. Representative geometries are modelled in a 3D software, imported in a fluid flow solver and complete Navier-Stokes equations coupled with energy transport equations are solved. Velocity profiles from shop floor measurements are used as boundary conditions for the problem. Finally surface heat exchange coefficients are determined and results analyzed. Results show that it is possible to use this methodology to optimize the drying process, and determine areas of the moulds that are more difficult to dry than others. Optimal fan arrangement for typical geometries are also provided.
Keyword: CFD Simulation, Drying, Foundry Moulds, Wind Turbine Components, Quality, CAE

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Sherif Kamel Hussein, "A Novel Prototype Model for Monitoring the Factories Remnants on Nile River"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Continuous Time Multibit Sigma Delta ADC for Next Generation Wireless Applications
  Sharon Theresa George, J. Mangaiyarkarasi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the design of CT ΣΔ modulator which can provide high DR and SNR over a 20 MHz signal bandwidth. So far all the CT SDM uses either feedback or feedforward loop filter architecture. The proposed topology is a 3rd order low-pass sigma-delta modulator, which employs a combination of feedforward and feedback schemes. Loop filter is designed as RC integrators due to its high linearity and easy interface. The design starts from system level using Matlab/Simulink. Then, the first integrator in the loop, which is the most critical block in the modulator, is implemented at transistor level using Cadence Virtuoso 180 nm CMOS technology.
Keyword: ADC, CMOS, Continuous Time, Sigma Delta Modulator, Dynamic Range (DR), Signal to noise ratio (SNR).

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Sharon Theresa George, J. Mangaiyarkarasi, "Design of Continuous Time Multibit Sigma Delta ADC for Next Generation Wireless Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Acquiring Ecg Signals And Analysing For Different Heart Ailments
  B.Sravanthi, Seshukumar Chegu, G. Anusha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes and focuses on acquiring and identification of cardiac diseases using ECG waveform in LabVIEW software, which would bridge the gap between engineers and medical physicians. This model work collects the waveform of an affected person. The waveform is analyzed for diseases and then a report is sent to the doctor through mail. Initially the waveforms are collected from the person using EKG sensor with the help of surface electrodes and the hardware controlled by MCU C8051, acquires ECG and also Phonocardiogram (PCG) synchronously and the waveform is sent to the PC installed with LabVIEW software through DAQ-6211. The waveform in digital format is saved and sent to the loops containing conditions for different diseases. If the waveform parameters coincide with any of the looping statements, particular disease is indicated. Simultaneously the patient PCG report is also collected in a separate database containing all information, which will be sent to the doctor through mail.
Key terms: ECG (Electrocardiogram), LABVIEW software, Microcontroller Unit (MCU) C8051, Data Acquisition Card.

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B.Sravanthi, Seshukumar Chegu, G. Anusha, "Acquiring Ecg Signals And Analysing For Different Heart Ailments"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis, Design and Application of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
  Vishnu Seelan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) offers a continuum of gear ratios between desired limits. This allows the engine to operate more time in the optimum range. In contrast, traditional automatic and manual transmissions have several fixed transmission ratios forcing the engine to operate outside the optimum range. The need for a transmission system and the working principle of CVT has been discussed in depth. An attempt has been made to understand the contribution of Hydraulic Actuators, which is an integral part of a CVT. Furthermore, the question of how and why a Torque Converter has effectively replaced a conventional clutch has been answered. The materials used, constructional aspects and stress analysis of the belt has been discussed in detail. A graphical comparison of fuel efficiency between a manual transmission and a CVT in different high end vehicles is included. Recent developments in clamping force control for the push belt Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) have resulted in increased efficiency in combination with improved robustness. Current control strategies attempt to prevent macro slip between elements and pulleys at all times for maximum robustness.
Keyword: Belt Design, CVT, Hydraulic Actuators, Torque Converter, Transmission

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Vishnu Seelan, "Analysis, Design and Application of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• ARM Based Handy and Portable Oscilloscope Using Graphical Display
  Aditi Trivedi, Mukti Awad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The need to have a visual perception of signals in order to monitor events in time and value brought about the development of a measuring instrument referred to as oscilloscope. This is a design of handy and low cost oscilloscope. The user can start/stop the display, adjust the time division and adjust the voltage division. The requirements of the oscilloscope were three-fold: 1) low cost design, 2) capture frequencies at the medium range and 3) construct able with a basic skill of PCB designing.
Keyword: Oscilloscope, ARM Scope, Handy Oscilloscope, ARM

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Aditi Trivedi, Mukti Awad, "ARM Based Handy and Portable Oscilloscope Using Graphical Display"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Offline Signiture and Numeral Recognition in Context of Cheque
  Bhagyashri Renukadas Bakshi, Prof. Zameer Farooqui
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Signature is considered as one of the biometrics. Signature Verification System is required in almost all places where it is compulsory to authenticate a person or his/her credentials to proceed further transaction especially when it comes to bank cheques. For this purpose signature verification system must be powerful and accurate. Till date various methods have been used to make signature verification system powerful and accurate. Research here is related to offline signature verification. Shape Contexts have been used to verify whether 2 shapes are similar or not. It has been used for various applications such as digit recognition, 3D Object recognition, trademark retrieval etc. In this paper we present a modified version of shape context for signature verification on bank cheques using K-Nearest Neighbor classifier.
Keyword: Centroid, KNN Classifier, Offline Signature Verification, Shape Context.

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Bhagyashri Renukadas Bakshi, Prof. Zameer Farooqui, "Offline Signiture and Numeral Recognition in Context of Cheque"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Approach for Low Power CMOS Design
  Ravindra kumar chejara, Manish Verma, Tanmoy Maity, P. P. Bhattacharya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power dissipation has emerged an important parameter in design of Low Power CMOS circuits. For this level converter and dual supply voltage assignments are used to reduce the power dissipation and propagation delay. In this paper, variable supply-voltage scheme (dual-VS scheme) for dual power supplies along with voltage level converter is presented. Also paper presents an overall comparative analysis among various methods to achieve voltage level shifter even in lower technology comparative to higher ones and help user to select the best methods for same at this technology.
Keyword: Dual-VDD, Dual-VS scheme, Level Converter, Level Shifter.

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Ravindra kumar chejara, Manish Verma, Tanmoy Maity, P. P. Bhattacharya, "An Approach for Low Power CMOS Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generation
  Vankadara Sampath kumar, Dr. A. Srinivasa rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to urbanization, globalization and industrialization the demand for energy is rapidly increasing allows the world and India is not an exception. Out of all energies electrical energy is playing a major role in developed as well as developing countries. The energy is mostly produced by fossil fuels which are developing day his is to by day .they also produce lot of pollutants which totally damage the environment the alternative to this is to encourage renewable energy source. Now days the energy production at domestic level is becoming popular with the help of solar and wind energies . These technologies are widely used now days in the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate a generalized hybrid model including solar and wind.
Keyword: DC Link, PMSG, WECS , Hybrid.

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Vankadara Sampath kumar, Dr. A. Srinivasa rao, "Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generation"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Isotherm Studies for Performance Evaluation of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Based Polymer Composite Nanofiltration Membranes for Desalination
  D. Deepa, V. Nehru kumar, V. Chidambaranathan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Composite Nanofiltration membranes were fabricated by incorporating Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes. A suspension was prepared by dispersing CNT (30 minutes of sonication) in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent for 0.5 mg/ml. This suspension after vacuum filtration dispersed over PVDF membrane of pore size 0.22μm. Excess DMSO was removed by washing using Ethanol followed by Deionized water. Normal and various functionalized (Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxylic (-COOH), Amine (-NH₂)) SWCNTs and MWCNTs were purchased and the CNT based polymer composite nanofiltration membranes were fabricated by vacuum filtration method at a uniform loading of 10mg/cm². The experimental results were used to evaluate the TDS removal efficiency of the fabricated membrane modules, which are normal and functionalized (4 composites in both SW and MW combinations) CNT. The TDS removal efficiency of all the 8 composite membranes were observed under varied operating conditions viz., varying flow rate (100,150,200 and 250 ml/hr) and influent TDS (2500, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/l). The flux of the membrane is varied 200 to 500 lit/m2.hr. The Isotherm studies using the experimental data on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models validated the results of the experiment and are indicative of the role of adsorption of the functionalized CNT based polymer composite nanofiltration membranes which removing the TDS. The results showed that the amino functionalized SWCNTs based polymer composite (PVDF/SWCNTs) nanofiltration membranes can be used as an effective adsorbent for desalination due to their high adsorption capacity.
Keyword: Adsorption capacity, Carbon Nanotubes, Desalination, Freundlich Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm, Polyvinylidene fluoride.

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D. Deepa, V. Nehru kumar, V. Chidambaranathan, "Isotherm Studies for Performance Evaluation of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Based Polymer Composite Nanofiltration Membranes for Desalination"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Root Cause Analysis of Water Wastage in Hot - Cold Water Dispenser
  Sunil Kokane, Dinesh Joshi, Annaso Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hot - Cold Water Dispenser is a high end kitchen product mounted on sink of kitchen to meet the requirement of instant hot and cold water as desired. It provides cold water at ambient temperature and hot water at near boiling temperature of about 97ºC to meet the instant water need. It was reported from few users, small amount of unnecessary water get dispensed from the Hot - Cold Water Dispenser during the idle conditions. This is undesirable and affecting on the overall performance of product. This paper briefs the available Root Cause Analysis and process to select the suitable method to find out the root cause of problem. From the available methods, Fault Tree Analysis was found to be most suitable method. The paper describes this method in length. Fault Tree Analysis is used as the scientific approach to find the root cause of problem of water dripping in Hot - Cold Water Dispenser at idle condition. It makes use of a graphical representation of the major faults associated with the product, the causes for the faults, and potential countermeasures. It is found that the FTA tool helps to identify areas of concern for new product design as well as for improvement of existing products.
Keyword: Aspirator, Dispenser, Expansion Tank, Faucet, FTA, Hot Water Tank, RCA, Safety.

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Sunil Kokane, Dinesh Joshi, Annaso Patil, "Root Cause Analysis of Water Wastage in Hot - Cold Water Dispenser"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition Techniques
  Arpana K. Patel, Mr. Amit H. Rathod
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

During past few years, human hand gesture for interaction with computing devices has continues to be active area of research. In this paper survey of hand gesture recognition is provided. Hand Gesture Recognition is contained three stages: Pre-processing, Feature Extraction or matching and Classification or recognition. Each stage contains different methods and techniques. In this paper define small description of different methods used for hand gesture recognition in existing system with comparative analysis of all method with its benefits and drawbacks are provided.
Keyword: Classification, Feature Extraction, Hand Gesture Recognition, Human computer Interaction (HCI), Image Pre-processing

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Arpana K. Patel, Mr. Amit H. Rathod, "Comparative Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Solvent Swelling on the reactivity of demineralized Turkish Lignite
  Murat Sert
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this research, effect of demineralization and solvent swelling on pyrolysis kinetics was investigated. The experiments were carried out to investigate theeffects of solvent swelling with different solvents, such as THF, Pyridine and DMSO after demineralization with HCl, HNO3 and HF successively. To calculate the activation energies of lignite sample during pyrolysis, TGA analyses were performed with raw and swollen samples at 5, 10 and 20° C/min heating rates. Coast-Redfernmodel was used for the determination of kinetic parameters. According to the results, the macromolecular structure of lignite was affected from these hydrogen bonding solvents. So, the activation energies of swollen samples found to be less than the raw lignite sample for all heating rates. The reactivity of lignite samples can be ordered as follows; DMSO swollen sample > Pyridine swollen sample> THF swollen sample. Activation energy of DMSO swollen lignite sample is 10.62 kJ/mole whereas activation energies of pyridine swollen and THF swollen sample are 17.83, 25.76 kJ/mol, respectively at a heating rate of 10° C/min. The results indicated that, solvent swelling has catalytic effect on pyrolysis kinetics.
Keyword: Demineralization, Solvent Swelling, Kinetics, Pyrolysis

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Murat Sert, "Effect of Solvent Swelling on the reactivity of demineralized Turkish Lignite"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Tensile properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites at different orientations of fibres
  Alok Hegde, R S Darshan, Fayaz Mulla, Md Shoeb, M Rajanish
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work, Diglycidyl Ether of BisphenolA(DGEBA) / TriEthylene Tetra Amine(TETA) system is used as the epoxy matrix and unidirectional glass fabric is used to reinforce with the polymer matrix by hand layup and vacuum bagging process. The glass fibre reinforced composites are prepared with fibre orientations of 0°, 45° and 90°. The specimens, after preparation, are tested for various tensile properties at different angles of the laminate. The tensile properties studied in this case are Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Specific Tensile Strength and Specific Tensile Modulus. The result shave then been tabulated and studied to understand variation in the properties with orientation of fibre in the composite. Experimental procedure is carried out as per ASTM D3039 standards.

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Alok Hegde, R S Darshan, Fayaz Mulla, Md Shoeb, M Rajanish, "Tensile properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites at different orientations of fibres"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Speed Control of Induction Motor using FOC Method
  Hafeezul Haq, Mehedi Hasan Imran, H.Ibrahim Okumus, Mohammad Habibullah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

An increasing number of applications in high performing electrical drive systems use nowadays, squirrel-cage induction motors. This paper describes a simplified method for the speed control of a three phase AC drive using Proportional-Integral controller. The simulation results show that the step response of the model is very fast, steady and able to work in four quadrants, and robustness and high performance is achieved.
Keyword: FOC, Induction motor, PI control, Vector control

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Hafeezul Haq, Mehedi Hasan Imran, H.Ibrahim Okumus, Mohammad Habibullah, "Speed Control of Induction Motor using FOC Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Special Pythagorean Triangles And 9-Digit Dhuruva Numbers
  M.A.Gopalan, K.Geetha, Manju Somanath
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Pythagorean triangles, each with a leg represented by a 9-digit Dhuruva number are obtained. A few interesting results are given.
Keyword: Pythagorean triangles, 9-digit Dhuruva numbers

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M.A.Gopalan, K.Geetha, Manju Somanath, "Special Pythagorean Triangles And 9-Digit Dhuruva Numbers"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Analysis of Romanticism Traces in Akhavan Sales Poetry, Focusing on his Poem, Winter
  H. Bassak and F. Nosrati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Winter is one of the most famous poems composed by Akhavan Saless and is one of the best samples of the contemporary poetry. This poem composed in Dec. 1955 was published in Winter verse collection. The general atmosphere of the poem reflects feeling of defeat, disappointment and frustration overwhelming the Iranian community post-coup d‟état, Aug. 1919, 53, through a metaphoric and symbolic expression. In the present research paper, the romantic aspects of winter have been studied and the romanticism has been traced in this poem through employing the components and features of Winter such as naturalism, metaphorizing, disappointment and pessimism. To achieve this objective firstly, we present a definition and general perspective of Romanticism; then, we trace the grounds for reflecting romanticism in Akhavan‟s poetry so that we find the reflection of romanticism in his Winter.
Keyword: Akhavan Saless, Winter, Romanticism, Naturalism, Metaphor, Disappointment and Frustration

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H. Bassak and F. Nosrati, "The Analysis of Romanticism Traces in Akhavan Sales Poetry, Focusing on his Poem, Winter"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Region based elimination of noise pixels towards optimized classifier models for skin pixel detection
  Gagandeep Kaur, Seema Pahwa, Kushagra Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The extraction of the skin pixels in a human image and rejection of non-skin pixels is called the skin segmentation. Skin pixel detection is the process of extracting the skin pixels in a human image which is typically used as a pre-processing step to extract the face regions from human image. In past, there are several computer vision approaches and techniques have been developed for skin pixel detection. In the process of skin detection, given pixels are been transformed into an appropriate color space such as RGB, HSV etc. And then skin classifier model have been applied to label the pixel into skin or non-skin regions. Here in this research a "Region based elimination of noise pixels and performance analysis of classifier models for skin pixel detection applied on human images" would be performed which involve the process of image representation in color models, elimination of non-skin pixels in the image, and then pre-processing and cleansing of the collected data, feature selection of the human image and then building the model for classifier. In this research and implementation of skin pixels classifier models are proposed with their comparative performance analysis. The definition of the feature vector is simply the selection of skin pixels from the human image or stack of human images. The performance is evaluated by comparing and analysing skin colour segmentation algorithms. During the course of research implementation, efforts are iterative which help in selection of optimized skin classifier based on the machine learning algorithms and their performance analysis.
Keyword: Digital Image Processing, Data Mining, Digital Image Processing, Skin Pixel Detection, Color Models, WEKA

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Gagandeep Kaur, Seema Pahwa, Kushagra Sharma, "Region based elimination of noise pixels towards optimized classifier models for skin pixel detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Independent Control of Active and Reactive Powers of a DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion System by Vector Control
  Ibrahim Ahmad A, D. Anitha, Sadokpam Romita Devi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper deals with a design and implementation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system (WECS) connected to the power grid. A back-to-back AC/DC/AC converter is incorporated between the stator and the rotor windings of a DFIG, in order to obtain variable speed operation. The DFIG can be controlled from sub-synchronous speed to super synchronous speed operation. The main objective of the paper is to control the flow of the Active and Reactive powers produced by the DFIG based wind energy conversion system. A vector control strategy with stator flux orientation is applied to both the grid side converter and the rotor side converter for the independent control of Active and reactive powers produced by the DFIG based wind energy conversion system. The system along with its control circuit were simulated in a Matlab/simulink and the results are presented and discussed.
Keyword: Active and Reactive powers, back-to-back converters, DFIG, Vector control, WECS

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Ibrahim Ahmad A, D. Anitha, Sadokpam Romita Devi, "Independent Control of Active and Reactive Powers of a DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion System by Vector Control"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Real Time Video Colorization Method with Gabor Feature Space
  Dr. S.Asif Hussain, Siva Sankar G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Video colorization has become one of the most challenging tasks for multimedia Technologists. The present method of video colorization requires high processing costs and will induce temporal artifacts in a video space. A new approach for video colorization in a spatio temporal manner with optimization in rotation with gabor feature space. The work is implemented on graphics hardware Platform which is parallel to achieve real time performance of color optimization. This can be achieved with real time color propagation by clustering video frames and then extending gabor filtering to optical flow computation. Temporal coherence is further refined through user scribbles in video frames. This approach was demonstrated with appropriate video examples and observed most qualified colorized videos.
Keyword: Gabor features space, parallel optimization, user strokes, video colorization, Temporal Coherence

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Dr. S.Asif Hussain, Siva Sankar G, "A Real Time Video Colorization Method with Gabor Feature Space"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Using "Twisted Aluminium Tape"
  Mr.B.Meganathan, Yuvanarajan.R, Vishal.P.V, Saravanan.A, Yuvaraj.R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Heat exchanger has a wide industrial and engineering applications. Increasing the efficiency of heat exchanger will increase the overall performance of the unit. This paper is about increasing the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger by causing a turbulence in the liquid flow through the pipe. For causing the turbulence, liquid flow is subjected to a Twisted Aluminium Tape (TAT) which will increase the Reynolds number of flow. This will ensure heat transfer through the length of flow and thus there will be an increased heat transfer rate. The increased turbulence and higher shear caused by Twisted Aluminium Tape (TAT) will offer resistance to fouling also.
Keywords: Twisted Aluminium Tape in path of liquid flow, Turbulent flow created, Over all heat transfer increased.

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Mr.B.Meganathan, Yuvanarajan.R, Vishal.P.V, Saravanan.A, Yuvaraj.R "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Using "Twisted Aluminium Tape"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study On Pre-Engineered Building – A Construction Technique
  Shrunkhal V Bhagatkar, Farman Iqbal Shaikh, Bhanu Prakash Gupta and Deepak Kharta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures is not only economical but also eco friendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming. Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).This review from the past experiences presents the results of experimental and analytical studies done on Pre Engineered Building. Results show that these structures are economic, reduces construction cost and time, energy efficient and flexibility of expansion.
Keywords: Pre-Engineered Building.

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Shrunkhal V Bhagatkar, Farman Iqbal Shaikh, Bhanu Prakash Gupta and Deepak Kharta "A Study On Pre-Engineered Building – A Construction Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design for Testability in Timely Testing of Vlsi Circuits
  S. Asvini, Mrs.C.Nirmala
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Even though a circuit is designed error-free, manufactured circuits may not function correctly. Since the manufacturing process is not perfect, some defects such as short-circuits, open-circuits, open interconnections, pin shorts, etc., may be introduced. Points out that the cost of detecting a faulty component increases ten times at each step between prepackage component test and system warranty repair. It is important to identify a faulty component as early in the manufacturing process as possible. Therefore, testing has become a very important aspect of any VLSI manufacturing system.Two main issues related to test and security domain are scan-based attacks and misuse of JTAG interface. Design for testability presents effective and timely testing of VLSI circuits. The project is to test the circuits after design and then reduce the area, power, delay and security of misuse. BIST architecture is used to test the circuits effectively compared to scan based testing. In built-in self-test (BIST), on-chip circuitry is added to generate test vectors or analyze output responses or both. BIST is usually performed using pseudorandom pattern generators (PRPGs). Among the advantages of pseudorandom BIST are: (1) the low cost compared to testing from automatic test equipment (ATE). (2) The speed of the test, which is much faster than when it is applied from ATE. (3) The applicability of the test while the circuit is in the field, and (4) the potential for high quality of test.
Keyword:
Testing, scan-based attacks, misuse of JTAG interface, BIST.

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S. Asvini, Mrs.C.Nirmala "Design for Testability in Timely Testing of Vlsi Circuits"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mining Big Data to Predicting Future
  Amit K. Tyagi, R. Priya, A. Rajeswari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to technological advances, vast data sets (e.g. big data) are increasing now days. Big Data a new term; is used to identify the collected datasets. But due to their large size and complexity, we cannot manage with our current methodologies or data mining software tools to extract those datasets. Such datasets provide us with unparalleled opportunities for modelling and predicting of future with new challenges. So as an awareness of this and weaknesses as well as the possibilities of these large data sets, are necessary to forecast the future. Today's we have an overwhelming growth of data in terms of volume, velocity and variety on web. Moreover this, from a security and privacy views, both area have an unpredictable growth. So Big Data challenge is becoming one of the most exciting opportunities for researchers in upcoming years. Hence this paper discuss about this topic in a broad overview like; its current status; controversy; and challenges to forecast the future. This paper defines at some of these problems, using illustrations with applications from various areas. Finally this paper discuss secure management and privacy of big data as one of essential issues.
General Terms: Big data, data mining, Large datasets; Internet of things.

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Amit K. Tyagi, R. Priya, A. Rajeswari "Mining Big Data to Predicting Future"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Inception and Evolution of EIA and Environmental Clearance Process – Laying Emphasis on Sustainable Development and Construction
  Devarshi Tathagat, Dr. Ramesh D. Dod
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

EIA which stands for environmental impact assessment is a domain which encompasses almost all areas of environmental engineering. EIA and environmental clearance (EC) are two things which MoEF, Govt. Of India has mandated for many categories of project before their commissioning. Buildings with built up area of more than 20000 metre square and townships with area more than 50 Ha or 150000 square metre of built up area comes under it. A thorough report is made for the possible outcomes of the project (i.e..it‟s impact on surrounding environment). If the impact is within the limits as specified by MoEF and SEAC, it is sent for approval otherwise client is suggested to take corrective steps. Scope of the topic trespasses the boundaries of green house gas emissions and global warming, water and energy crises, carbon emission and sequestration, environmental pollution of various kind. It was EIA that brought in an element on environment in all projects. It lead to eco friendly and sustainable construction techniques which paved way for the concept of green building. Today EIA and environmental clearance are the only protectors of environment from the greeds of corporate sector across globe. If applied with stringency it will usher us to an era where any advancement will be apsolutely in tune with nature.This technical paper deals with the birth and growth of EIA in the world and in India. It deals with the processes that are involved in carrying out EIA for a project and subsequently providing it with environmental clearance. Also it emphasizes on how EIA led to a general awareness and paved way for the concept of sustainable construction.
Keywords: EIA, EIC, GRIHA, NEPA, Sustainable Construction

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Devarshi Tathagat, Dr. Ramesh D. Dod "The Inception and Evolution of EIA and Environmental Clearance Process – Laying Emphasis on Sustainable Development and Construction"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fabrication and performance evaluation of oil –fired crucible furnace using locally sourced materials
  J.O Osarenmwinda
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The technological advancement of any nation have been influenced and uplifted by the extent to which it can usefully harness and convert its mineral resources.The production of metal in foundries and in all human lives have become a general practice.This paper deals with the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of an oil-fired crucible furnace using locally sourced materials . The components of oil fired crucible furnace were furnace casing, crucible,furnace cover,burner housing,furnace cover stand,base stand and burner, Design drawings were produced and mild steel sheet was used for the fabrication of the furnace, while the other components needed for the design were selected based on functionality, durability, cost and local availability.. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the furnace. The results showed that the furnace has a heating rate of 43.9°C/min and attained a temperature as high as 1386 °C . The furnace also had a melting rate of 333.3g/min for Aluminum and 115.8 g/min for Copper. The efficiency of the furnace was determined to be 10.34%.The low value was as result of the large energy wastage due to the open nature of the furnace.
Keyword— Crucible furnace ,fabrication , heating rate , melting rate ,oil fired, , performance evaluation.

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J.O Osarenmwinda "Fabrication and performance evaluation of oil –fired crucible furnace using locally sourced materials" Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Provable data possession for securing the data from untrusted server
  S.Karthikeyan, J.praveen, Mrs Sumathy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The model described for the use of Provable data Possession which allow the client to access the stored data at an Untrusted server that the server possesses the original data without retrieving it. This model executes the probabilistic proof of possession by random set of blocks which is derived from the server that dramatically reduces the cost of I/O. Sometimes the Client maintenance the constant amount of data which is used to verify the proof. The response protocol can transmit a small amount of data, which can minimize network communication. The two provably –Securer PDP Schemes presents more efficient schemes than previous solution .Even when compared with schemes that achieve weaker guarantees. It is the widely distributed storage systems. Using the experiment we can implement and verify the practicality of PDP and we can revel that the performance of the PDP that is bounded by disk I/O and that cannot be determined by computation.

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S.Karthikeyan, J.praveen, Mrs Sumathy "Provable data possession for securing the data from untrusted server"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigative Compression Of Lossy Images By Enactment Of Lattice Vector Quantization Technique With D4 Lattice System & Spherical Truncation
  Anshuma Patel, Pallavi Choudhary
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the digital era we live in, efficient representation of data generated by a discrete source and its reliable transmission are unquestionable need. In this work we have focused on source coding taking image as source. Lattice Vector Quantization (LVQ) can be used for source coding as well as for channel coding. (LVQ) with Generator Matrix (GM) and codebook is implemented. When implementation using codebook is done, two codebooks are constructed, one with 256 lattice points that are closest to (0,0,0,0) and another with 256 lattice points that are closest to (1,0,0,0). Energy for both the codes is calculated. When we compare the energy of both the codes we find that codes centered at a non lattice point is lower energy code.
Keywords: Lossy Image Compression, VQ, LVQ, GM.

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Anshuma Patel, Pallavi Choudhary "Investigative Compression Of Lossy Images By Enactment Of Lattice Vector Quantization Technique With D4 Lattice System & Spherical Truncation"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review and study of the design technique of Microstrip Patch Antenna Technology
  Dileep Kumar shukla, Shrish Bajpai, Kamran Akhtar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper,study and survey of microstrip antenna elements is presented, with emphasis on theoretical and practical design techniques and material used, as previous study have been proved that material used play significant role in the performance such as gain ,directivity ,frequency of radiation Available substrate materials are reviewed along with the relation between dielectric constant tolerance and resonant frequency of microstrip patches. Several theoretical analysis techniques are summarized. Practical procedures are given for both standard rectangular and circular patches. The quality, bandwidth, and efficiency factors of typical patch designs are discussed.

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Dileep Kumar shukla, Shrish Bajpai, Kamran Akhtar "A Review and study of the design technique of Microstrip Patch Antenna Technology"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Technical Review on Live Virtual Machine Migration Techniques for Eucalyptus Cloud
  Jay H. Sheth, Prof. Krunal N. Vaghela
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud Computing has emerged as the most trust worthy and secure technology amongst its users. Migration of virtual machine is an important aspect of this technology. Migration of instances makes data centers and clusters handier in the terms of its administration and management. Intrinsically, Migration is done to boost the processing power of computers and it is done by procuring the power management, load balancing, fault tolerance, reducing response time and increasing the quality of service. Because the use of this technique is highly dependent on cloud computing infrastructure architecture in some cloud infrastructure, such as Eucalyptus the virtual machine migration technique has not been used yet.
Keywords—
Cloud Computing, Virtual Machine, Eucalyptus, Migration.

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Jay H. Sheth, Prof. Krunal N. Vaghela "Technical Review on Live Virtual Machine Migration Techniques for Eucalyptus Cloud"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysing The Composite Structure Of Riverted ,Hybrid And Bonded Joints
  B.MEGANATHAN & E.S.ESAKKI RAJ
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Composite materials have been widely used as structural elements in aircraft structures due to their superior properties. Aircraft structure is a huge assembly of skins, spars, frames etc. The structure consists of an assembly of sub-structures properly arranged and connected to form a load transmission path. Such load transmission path is achieved using joints. Joints constitute the weakest zones in the structure. Failure may occur due to various reasons such as stress concentrations, excessive deflections etc. or a combination of these. Therefore, to utilize the full potential of composite materials, the strength and stress distribution in the joints has to be understood so that suitable configuration can be chosen for various applications.

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B.MEGANATHAN & E.S.ESAKKI RAJ "Analysing The Composite Structure Of Riverted ,Hybrid And Bonded Joints"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Multi-band Rectangular-Triangular Slotted Antenna
  K.swetha, K.Satish Kumar, B.Manoj Kumar reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A multi-band microstrip patch antenna is developed and presented in this paper. The radiating elements in this antenna are composed of rectangular and triangular slots. These slots are engraved in the rectangular and triangular patch, joined together in one structure, and by single probe feed. The rectangular and triangular slots make the antenna to operate at multiband with relatively high gain. Therefore, this antenna can be used for wireless communication applications like WLAN, WiMax and radar system applications.
Keywords: Microstrip antennas, WiMax, WLAN.

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K.swetha, K.Satish Kumar, B.Manoj Kumar reddy "Optimization of Multi-band Rectangular-Triangular Slotted Antenna"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Content based Image Retrieval from Forensic Image Databases
  Swati A. Gulhane, Dr. Ajay. A. Gurjar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the proliferation of video and image data in digital form, Content based Image Retrieval has become a prominent research topic. In forensic sciences, digital data have been widely used such as criminal images, fingerprints, scene images and so on. Therefore, the arrangement of such large image data becomes a big issue such as how to get an interested image fast. There is a great need for developing an efficient technique for finding the images. In order to find an image, image has to be represented with certain features. Color, texture and shape are three important visual features of an image. Searching for images using color, texture and shape features has attracted much attention. There are many content based image retrieval techniques in the literature. This paper gives the overview of different existing methods used for content based image retrieval and also suggests an efficient image retrieval method for digital image database of criminal photos, using dynamic dominant color, texture and shape features of an image which will give an effective retrieval result.
Keywords: Dominant Color, Forensic science , Image retrieval, Texture

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A. Swati A. Gulhane, Dr. Ajay. A. Gurjar "Content based Image Retrieval from Forensic Image Databases"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Novel Approach for Moving Object Detection from Dynamic Background
  Ms. Pinky R. Rathod, Mrs. Avani H. Patel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In computer vision application, moving object detection is the key technology for intelligent video monitoring system. Performance of an automated visual surveillance system considerably depends on its ability to detect moving objects in thermodynamic environment. A subsequent action, such as tracking, analyzing the motion or identifying objects, requires an accurate extraction of the foreground objects, making moving object detection a crucial part of the system. The aim of this paper is to detect real moving objects from un-stationary background regions (such as branches and leafs of a tree or a flag waving in the wind), limiting false negatives (objects pixels that are not detected) as much as possible. In addition, it is assumed that the models of the target objects and their motion are unknown, so as to achieve maximum application independence (i.e. algorithm works under the non-prior training).
Keywords: Object detection, dynamic background, false negative

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Ms. Pinky R. Rathod, Mrs. Avani H. Patel "A Novel Approach for Moving Object Detection from Dynamic Background"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Removal of Harmful Textile Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan and Chitosan Beads Modified with CTAB
  ShadeeraRouf, M. Nagapadma, Prof.R.Ramakoteswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Color is an important aspect of human life. Textile industries are the major consumers of dye stuffs. During coloration process, 10 to 15 percent of the dyes will be lost and this will be discharged with the effluents coming from textile industries. These are very difficult to degrade and they may degrade to form products that are highly toxic to human. Today, methods such as coagulation, flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, etc. are available for the removal of dyes. These are all quite expensive and difficult to degrade. Chitosan is a natural hetero polymer derived from chitin. Chitosan has proved to be effective in removing hazardous compounds from environment due to its multiple functional groups. It is available as flakes and powder. In the present work, chitosan beads were prepared and modified with a cationic surfactant CTAB for the removal of dye Congo Red. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of CTAB concentration, contact time, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and pH. Batch equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Bach kinetic data were analyzed using Pseudo first order kinetic model and pseudo second order kinetic model.
Keywords: Batch studies, chitosan, Congo Red, Freundlich model. Langmuir model.

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ShadeeraRouf, M. Nagapadma, Prof.R.Ramakoteswara Rao "Removal of Harmful Textile Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan and Chitosan Beads Modified with CTAB"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Discretizing of linear systems with time-delay Using method of Euler's and Tustin's approximations
  Bemri H'mida, Mezlini Sahbi and Soudani Dhaou
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Delays deteriorate the control performance and could destabilize the overall system in the theory of discrete-time signals and dynamic systems. Whenever a computer is used in measurement, signal processing or control applications, the data as seen from the computer and systems involved are naturally discrete-time because a computer executes program code at discrete points of time. Theory of discrete-time dynamic signals and systems is useful in design and analysis of control systems, signal filters, state estimators and model estimation from time-series of process data system identification. In this paper, a new approximated discretization method and digital design for control systems with delays is proposed. System is transformed to a discrete-time model with time delays. To implement the digital modeling, we used the z-transfer functions matrix which is a useful model type of discrete-time systems, being analogous to the Laplace-transform for continuous-time systems. The most important use of the z-transform is for defining z-transfer functions matrix is employed to obtain an extended discrete-time. The proposed method can closely approximate the step response of the original continuous time-delayed control system by choosing various of energy loss level. Illustrative example is simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method
Keyword: Discretization, Time-delay systems, Z-transform.

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Bemri H'mida, Mezlini Sahbi and Soudani Dhaou "Discretizing of linear systems with time-delay Using method of Euler's and Tustin's approximations"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

• Surface treatment of high density polyethylene (HDPE) film by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge produced in air and argon/air mixture at atmospheric pressure
  Joshi Ujjwal Man, Subedi Deepak Prasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Thin films of high density polyethylene (HDPE) are treated for improving hydrophilicity using non-thermal plasma generated by 50 Hz line frequency dielectric barrier discharge produced in air and argon/air mixture at atmospheric pressure. HDPE samples before and after the treatment are studied using contact angle measurements, surface free energy calculations and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Distilled water (H₂O), glycerol (C₃H₈O₃) and diiodomethane (CH₂I₂) are used as test liquids. The contact angle measurements between test liquids and HDPE samples are used to determine total surface free energy using sessile drop technique. HDPE films show a remarkable increase in surface free energy after plasma treatment. AFM analysis of the plasma-treated HDPE films shows that plasma treatment introduces greater roughness on the surface leading to the increased surface free energy. Furthermore, it is found that introducing a small quantity of argon can enhance the surface treatment remarkably.
Keywords: Thin films, polymer, atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge, hydrophilicity, sessile drop technique.

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Joshi Ujjwal Man, Subedi Deepak Prasad, "Surface treatment of high density polyethylene (HDPE) film by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge produced in air and argon/air mixture at atmospheric pressure"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Wavelet Transform based Medical Image Fusion With different fusion methods
  Anjali Patil and M N Tibdewal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes wavelet transform based image fusion algorithm, after studying the principles and characteristics of the discrete wavelet transform. Medical image fusion used to derive useful information from multimodality medical images. The idea is to improve the image content by fusing images like computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, so as to provide more information to the doctor and clinical treatment planning system. This paper based on the wavelet transformation to fused the medical images. The wavelet based fusion algorithms used on medical images CT and MRI, This involve the fusion with MIN , MAX, MEAN method. Also the result is obtained. With more available multimodality medical images in clinical applications, the idea of combining images from different modalities become very important and medical image fusion has emerged as a new promising research field
Keywords: Medical image; WaveletTransform; Image Fusion;MIN, MAX, MEAN

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Anjali Patil and M N Tibdewal, "Wavelet Transform based Medical Image Fusion With different fusion methods"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Complex Background Subtraction Using Kalman Filter
  Mr G.Sekar, M.Deepika
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Background subtraction from dynamic background, At any location of the scene, this system extract a sequence of regular video bricks, i.e., video volumes spanning over both spatial and temporal domain. The background modeling is thus posed as pursuing subspaces within the video bricks while adapting the scene variations. For each sequence of video bricks, it pursues the subspace by employing the auto regressive moving average model that jointly characterizes the appearance consistency and temporal coherence of the observations. During online processing, it use tracking algorithm kalman's filter for background/foreground classification and incrementally update the subspaces to cope with disturbances from foreground objects and scene changes.
Index Terms: Background modeling, visual surveillance, spatio-temporal representation.

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Mr G.Sekar, M.Deepika, "Complex Background Subtraction Using Kalman Filter"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review on Heat Transfer Improvent of Plate Heat Exchanger
  Abhishek Nandan, Gurpreet Singh Sokhal, Sandeep Kumar, Amit Singla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Plate heat exchanger has found a wide range of application in various industries like food industries, chemical industries, power plants etc. It reduces the wastage of energy and improves the overall efficiency of the system. Hence, it must be designed to obtain the maximum heat transfer possible. This paper is presented in order to study the various theories and results given over the improvement of heat transfer performance in a plate heat exchanger. However, there is still a lack in data and generalized equations for the calculation of different parameters in the heat exchanger. It requires more attention to find out various possible correlations and generalized solutions for the performance improvement of plate heat exchanger.

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Abhishek Nandan, Gurpreet Singh Sokhal, Sandeep Kumar, Amit Singla, "A Review on Heat Transfer Improvent of Plate Heat Exchanger"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Adaptive and Fast Predictions by Minimal Itemsets Creation
  Ms. Sonali Vaidya, Mr. Struan Souto, Mr. Keegan Pereira, Mr. Vincent Soares, Mr. Neil Rego
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Association rules in data mining are useful for the analysis and prediction of an individual user's behavior which facilitates the data analysis on a regular basis for market basket data, clustering of products, designing catalogs and playing an immense role for store layout setting. This paper presents a successor of the Apriori and variation of the CHARM algorithm, which is the MG-CHARM algorithm that is used for finding relationships between certain attributes instead of the whole dataset. The MG-CHARM algorithm is an Association Rule Mining (ARM) algorithm that is used to select the target database which in turn takes less time to find the desired association rules. In the proposed implementation, the actions performed by a user will be effectively recorded in the target database. The datasets that are generated will have to be fed to the semi - automated, adaptive software which will fetch the output based on ARM algorithm. The algorithm will determine the relations for different datasets by mining Minimal Generators (mGs) from Frequently Closed Itemsets (FCI's) to carry out decision making and pattern analysis of the Itemsets.
Keywords: Apriori, CHARM, MG-CHARM, ARM, mG's, FCI's

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Ms. Sonali Vaidya, Mr. Struan Souto, Mr. Keegan Pereira, Mr. Vincent Soares, Mr. Neil Rego, "Adaptive and Fast Predictions by Minimal Itemsets Creation"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved Snr Of Mst Radar Signals By Kaiser-Hamming And Cosh-Hamming Window Functions
  D.Ravi Krishna Reddy, Dr.B.Anuradha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper the effect of window shape parameter "α‟ in Kaiser-Hamming and Cosh-Hamming window functions on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) values of the Indian Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar is computed. The six parts of multibeam observations of the lower atmosphere made by the MST radar are utilized for the analysis of results. Prior to the Fourier transformation, the in-phase and quadrature components of radar echo samples are weighted with proposed windows based on the Kaiser-Hamming and Cosh-Hamming Window functions. The effects of data weighting with the change of the window shape parameter "α‟ of the Kaiser-Hamming and Cosh-Hamming Window functions are given in it. It is noted that the increase of variable window shape parameter "α‟ increases the signal to noise ratio values and a better improvement is reported. For Kaiser-Hamming and Cosh-Hamming Window functions are proposed to analyze the MST radar return signals to obtain optimum values of the window shape parameter. The results shows the improvement of signal to noise ratio of noisy data due to the effect of side lobe reduction and demands for the design of the optimal window functions.
Index Terms— Kaiser-Hamming and Cosh-Hamming window functions, SNR, DFT and Spectral Analysis.

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D.Ravi Krishna Reddy, Dr.B.Anuradha, "Improved Snr Of Mst Radar Signals By Kaiser-Hamming And Cosh-Hamming Window Functions"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Next generation architecture examination for Mass Notification System(MNS) collaborating with CCTV for Smart & Safe City
  Tae Hyung, Kim, Ji In Chae, Do Nyun Kim
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The abstract should summarize the content of the paper. Try to keep the abstract below 200 words. Do not make references nor display equations in the abstract. The journal will be printed from the same-sized copy prepared by you. Your manuscript should be printed on A4 paper (21.0 cm x 29.7 cm). It is imperative that the margins and style described below be adhered to carefully. This will enable us to keep uniformity in the final printed copies of the Journal. Please keep in mind that the manuscript you prepare will be photographed and printed as it is received. Readability of copy is of paramount importance.
Keywords— About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma

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Tae Hyung, Kim, Ji In Chae, Do Nyun Kim, "Next generation architecture examination for Mass Notification System(MNS) collaborating with CCTV for Smart & Safe City"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of multistoried braced frame subjected to seismic and gravity loading
  Dhananjay. S. Pawar, S. Abdulla U. Phadnis, Raju. S. Shinde, Yugandhar. N. Jinde
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The structure in high seismic areas may be susceptible to the severe damage. Along with gravity load structure has to withstand to lateral load which can develop high stresses. Now-a-days, shear wall in R.C. structure and steel bracings in steel structure are most popular system to resist lateral load due to earthquake, wind, blast etc. bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting horizontal forces in a frame structure. Bracing is efficient because the diagonals work in axial stress and therefore call for minimum member sizes in providing stiffness and strength against horizontal shear. Through the addition of the bracing system, load could be transferred out of the frame and into the braces, by passing the weak columns while increasing strength. In this study Steel Frame is modeled and analyzed three Parts viz., (i) Model without Steel bracing (bare frame), (ii) Model completely Steel braced (fully braced frame), (iii) Model with partially Steel bay wise braced frames. The computer aided analysis is done by using STAAD-PRO to find out the effective lateral load system during earthquake in high seismic areas.
Keywords— Axial force, Bare frame, Bracings, Equivalent static analysis, Lateral Displacement

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Dhananjay. S. Pawar, S. Abdulla U. Phadnis, Raju. S. Shinde, Yugandhar. N. Jinde, "Analysis of multistoried braced frame subjected to seismic and gravity loading"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Replacement of Natural Sand with Efficient Alternatives: Recent Advances in Concrete Technology
  Anzar Hamid Mir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Concrete is the most undisputable material being used in infrastructure development throughout the world. It is a globally accepted construction material in all types of Civil Engineering structures. Natural sand is a prime material used for the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day‟s river erosion and other environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is obtained at lower cost. Partial or full replacement of natural sand by the other alternative materials like quarry dust, foundry sand and others are being researched from past two decades, in view of conserving the ecological balance. This paper summarizes conclusions of experiments conducted for the properties like strength, durability etc. It was observed the results have shown positive changes and improvement in mechanical properties of the conventional concrete due to the addition or replacement of fine sand with efficient alternatives.
Keywords— Concrete, Natural sand, Alternative materials, Quarry dust, Foundry sand, Mechanical properties.

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Anzar Hamid Mir, "Replacement of Natural Sand with Efficient Alternatives: Recent Advances in Concrete Technology"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Comparative Study to Maximize MRR in Electro Discharge Machining Process by Variation of Control Parameters Using Taguchi Analysis
  Dr. D.C. Roy, Akhtarujjaman Sarkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-traditional machining process, based on thermo electric energy between the work piece and electrode. In this process, the material removal is occurred electro thermally by a series of successive discrete discharges between electrode and the work piece. Electro Discharge Machine which has the ability to machine hard, difficult to machine material and parts with internal complex shape by using precisely controlled sparks that occurs between electrode and work piece in the presence of dielectric fluid. This spark removes material from both work piece and electrode. Material Removal Rate (MRR) is of crucial importance in this process. In this research experiment has been done along with Copper and Graphite tool material as well as Mild Steel and Aluminium material has been used as work piece. Three major Parameters named as Electrode Speed (V), Current (I), and Depth of Cut (h) are considered to determine the MRR. In this experiment three levels of each parameter has been taken by using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to find out the best combination of electrode and work piece at the optimal setting of control parameters for maximum Material Removal Rate.
Keywords— Current, Depth of Cut, Electrode Speed, MRR, Taguchi Analysis.

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Dr. D.C. Roy, Akhtarujjaman Sarkar, "A Comparative Study to Maximize MRR in Electro Discharge Machining Process by Variation of Control Parameters Using Taguchi Analysis"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Natural Vibration Analysis of Femur Bone Using Hyperworks
  K Jagath Narayana, Y Rameswara reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main objective of the femur bone analysis is to know the natural frequencies and identify the fracture location of the bone through simulation based on the HYPERWORKS. The femur bone analysis is subjected to free-free and fixed-fixed boundary conditions. The mode shape shows that the natural frequency of free-free boundary condition varies from 0 Hz to 57 Hz and for fixed-fixed boundary condition 11 Hz to 171 Hz. On the bases of these two boundary conditions mode shape is determined and fracture location can be easily notified.
Keywords— Femur Bone; FEA; Vibration Mode; Natural Frequency; Fracture; Boundary Conditions

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K Jagath Narayana, Y Rameswara reddy, "Natural Vibration Analysis of Femur Bone Using Hyperworks"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Microstructure, Mechanical Properties & Corrosion Behavior of Duplex 2209 in Electro-Slag Strip Cladding over low carbon steel substrate: a Review Paper
  Harinder SinghBedi, Hitesh Arora, Manoj Bansal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this research work is todetermine the microstructure and mechanical properties of Stainless steel (Duplex 2209 and S.S 309) weld overlay on Low carbon steel plate (SA 516 Grade 70) developing multilayers. The buffer layer is done by using S.S 309 L strip electrode of 60mm width following by top layers of Duplex 2209.The Process used is Electro Slag Strip Cladding due to its unique properties like high deposition rate and low dilution level.The Microstructure characterization will be examinedby the use of SEM/EDS. In mechanical properties Micro hardnesswill be examined. Residual stress analysis will be done by XRD. The intergranular stress corrosion study will also be carried out as per ASTM G-5 standards.
Keywords— Electro-Slag Strip Cladding, Scanning Electrode Microscope,Duplex steel.

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Harinder SinghBedi, Hitesh Arora, Manoj Bansal, "Microstructure, Mechanical Properties & Corrosion Behavior of Duplex 2209 in Electro-Slag Strip Cladding over low carbon steel substrate: a Review Paper"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel rectangular slots for WLAN Applications
  Chandan Kumar Dubey, Rakesh Kumar, Pramod Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut three rectangular parallel slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having ε_r=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 4.49 GHz and 4.90 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WLAN applications and IMT-band frequency operations. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 19.7%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3%) having the same dimensions.
Keywords— Broadband, FR4 substrate, Parallel slots, Gain, Resonant frequency

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Chandan Kumar Dubey, Rakesh Kumar, Pramod Kumar, "Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel rectangular slots for WLAN Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review of Segmentation of Mammographic Images Based on Breast Density
  Anusree Mohan, Devesh D Nawgaje
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of fatality in women. Mammogram is the effectual modality for early detection of breast cancer. Increased mammographic breast density is a moderate independent risk factor for breast cancer, Radiologists have estimated breast density using four broad categories (BI-RADS) swearing on visual assessment of mammograms. The aim of this paper is to review approaches for segmentation of breast regions in mammograms according to breast density. Studies based on density have been undertaken because of the relationship between breast cancer and density. Breast cancer usually occurs in the fibroglandular area of breast tissue, which appears bright on mammograms and is described as breast density. Most of the studies are focused on the classification methods for glandular tissue detection. Others highlighted on the segmentation methods for fibroglandular tissue, while few researchers performed segmentation of the breast anatomical regions based on density. There have also been works on the segmentation of other specific parts of breast regions such as either detection of nipple position, skin-air interface or pectoral muscles. The problems on the evaluation performance of the segmentation results in relation to ground truth are also discussed in this paper.
Keywords— Image segmentation, breast density, mammogram, medical image processing, medical imaging.

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Anusree Mohan, Devesh D Nawgaje, "A Review of Segmentation of Mammographic Images Based on Breast Density"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Text Detection and Recognition with Speech Output for Visually Challenged Person: A Review
  Ms.Rupali D. Dharmale, Dr. P. V. Ingole
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reading text from scene, images and text boards is an exigent task for visually challenged persons. This task has been proposed to be carried out with the help of image processing. Since a long period of time, image processing has helped a lot in the field of object recognition and still an emerging area of research. The proposed system reads the text encountered in images and text boards with the aim to provide support to the visually challenged persons. Text detection and recognition in natural scene can give valuable information for many applications. In this work, an approach has been attempted to extract and recognize text from scene images and convert that recognized text into speech. This task can definitely be an empowering force in a visually challenged person's life and can be supportive in relieving them of their frustration of not being able to read whatever they want, thus enhancing the quality of their lives.
Keywords— Optical character recognition (OCR), Text detection and recognition, Text to speech conversion, Visually challenged person.

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Ms.Rupali D. Dharmale, Dr. P. V. Ingole, "Text Detection and Recognition with Speech Output for Visually Challenged Person: A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter
  Bennuri Ashwini, Payata Srikanth Yadav, T. Ashok Kumar Reddy, M. Rajesh, B.Krishna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is the serial communication protocol that is used for data exchange between computer & peripherals. UART is a low velocity, short-distance, low-cost protocol. UART includes three modules which are received, the baud rate generator and transmitter. The UART design with Very High Description Language can be integrated into the Field Programmable Gate Array to achieve stable data transmission and to make system reliable and compact. In the result and simulation part, this project will focus on check the receive data with error free & baud rate generation at different frequencies. Before synthesizing of UART a baud rate generator is incorporated into the system. We use the frequency divider which sets itself to required frequency for the functionality at lower frequency. All modules are designed using VERILOG and implemented on Xilinx Suite development board.

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Bennuri Ashwini, Payata Srikanth Yadav, T. Ashok Kumar Reddy, M. Rajesh, B.Krishna, "Implementation of Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mobile Security Using Android: Locate Your Droid
  Mr. Amandeep Singh Arora and Ms. Jasvinder Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For the past several decades, designers have processed security for a wide variety of applications from mobiles to automatic machines. Losing a smart phone can be an especially bad thing, since they are so expensive, and carry so much information. This application needs to be installed before. With this application user has the choice to launch phone tracking and finding cell phone by sending SMS requests to their lost phone and even getting the locations of the phones that are lost. Moreover this application also provides the facility of Simcard locking if the Simcard is changed and the privacy question is not answered along with blocking of all the incoming calls. Even if your cell is on the silent mode with this application you can change the mode of ringing in the phone and can then locate it if it is lost near to you. This application also provides the features of Simcard swap protection, ring alert.
Keywords— SMS, SDK, API, JVM, SIM, , EDGE, 3G,WiFi, GPS.

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Mr. Amandeep Singh Arora and Ms. Jasvinder Kumar, "Mobile Security Using Android: Locate Your Droid"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Smart Bank Locker Access System Using Iris ,Fingerprints,Face Recognization Along With Password Authentication And Billing System
  Asst.Prof.T.A.More, Sarwade Sukanya, Hajare Nikita, Bhakre Ashok
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In today's modern world, security plays an important role. For that purpose, we proposed advance security systems for banking locker system and the bank customers. This specialized security is proposed through four different modules in combination i.e. face detection technique, Password verification, finger prints and Iris verification .All these steps are followed in the sequence if anything goes wrong he or she is unable to access the system. We are also providing some additional billing with it i.e. it will always for after 1 transaction. It will give the intimation of first transaction is complete and you are left with prescribed number transaction mentioned in system.
Keywords— ARM 7, MATLAB, Camera, DC Motor.

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Asst.Prof.T.A.More, Sarwade Sukanya, Hajare Nikita, Bhakre Ashok, "Smart Bank Locker Access System Using Iris ,Fingerprints,Face Recognization Along With Password Authentication And Billing System"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Productivity Improvement And Safety Measures By 5-S Technique
  Sandip K. Tikale, Deepa Hadge
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main objective of this study is to assess the implementation of 5S and development of the 5S Activity Checklist in manufacturing companies. The scope for this study covers the following areas: identifying problems, looking into critical success factors, their outcomes and recommendations. In addition, factors that may act as constraints to the implementation of the 5S activity and possible solutions for the industries are also identified through observation and evaluation of the improved environmental performance. The study is conducted using a systematic approach with specific software in order to get the most accurate results.

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Sandip K. Tikale, Deepa Hadge, "Analysis of Productivity Improvement And Safety Measures By 5-S Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review Paper on Energy Efficient Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
  Sheetal Watkar, Prof. B.G.Hogade, Prof.Hemangi Satam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system composed of a large number of low-cost micro-sensors. This network is used to collect and send various kinds of messages to a base station (BS). WSN consists of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, and the battery replacement is not easy for WSN with thousands of physically embedded nodes, which means energy efficient routing protocol should be employed to offer a long network life time. The lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is crucial. To achieve the aim, we need not only to minimize total energy consumption but also to balance WSN load. Hence, this paper aims to study different energy balance routing protocols of WSNs. In this paper, we have compared different protocols of WSN, ensuring maximum network lifetime by balancing the load as equally as possible
Keywords— Energy-balance, network lifetime, routing protocol, wireless sensor network

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Sheetal Watkar, Prof. B.G.Hogade, Prof.Hemangi Satam, "Review Paper on Energy Efficient Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Three Dimensional Modelling of MISFET
  Preetam Jain, Lochan Jolly
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recent research shows the tremendous potential for the development of optical devices viz. photo-detector, optical sources, connectors and applications etc. This is mainly because of the success of optical communication in the recent for gigabit transmission and is intended for terabits transmission in future. In this paper, mathematical model for the optical dependence of I-V, C-V characteristics of MISFET structure (to be used as photo-detector) is reported. Model is based on solution of Poisson‟s and current continuity equation. Proposed structure of MISFET includes, In_0.53Ga_0.47As used as substrate material and InP as insulator. Light is made to incident perpendicular to the surface. Drain current can be controlled optically by means of varying light intensity of incident radiation. There is significant effect of intensity modulation on IV and CV characteristics of MISFET. As a result of intensity modulation, drain current increases significantly in presence of illumination mainly due to change in carrier concentration of channel results from photo-generated carriers. Simulation of mathematical model is carried out in MATLAB.
Keywords— MISFET; Modeling; Optical

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Preetam Jain, Lochan Jolly, "Three Dimensional Modelling of MISFET"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Coefficient of Performance Enhancement of Refrigeration Cycles
  Eng. Naser R. M. AL-Ajmi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Refrigerator is one of the home appliance utilizing mechanical vapor compression cycle in its process. Performance of the systems become the main issue and many researches are still ongoing to evaluate and improve the efficiency of any used system. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental investigation of the performance of the refrigeration cycles. A small rrefrigerator is used as the test rig. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is studied by using different condenser designs and under varying evaporator loads. Three condenser designs are used in present work. These condensers are regular condenser of domestic refrigerator, condenser with copper plain tubes (Cond.1) and condenser with copper tubes welded with stainless steel flat plate (Cond.2). pressures and temperatures measurements of each point in the refrigeration cycle are collected in order to evaluate the refrigerator performance. The results showed that the average COP of Cond.1 and Cond.2 are increased up to 20 % and 14% respectively more than regular condenser design under no load. The evaporator load effects on the machine performance, where the COP of the machine increases with the increase of the evaporator load.
Keywords— Refrigerator – COP – Condenser - Enhancement.

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Eng. Naser R. M. AL-Ajmi, "Coefficient of Performance Enhancement of Refrigeration Cycles"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Quality Management System at Construction Project: A Questionnaire Survey
  P.P.Mane, J.R.Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The best quality, time and cost are the important aspects of successful construction project which fulfills the main goal of construction industry. The quality management has to provide the environment within which related tools, techniques and procedures can be deployed effectively leading to operational success for a construction project. The role of quality management for a construction company is not an isolated activity, but intertwined with all the operational and managerial processes of the construction project. The quality management system (QMS) in construction industry refers to quality planning, quality assurance and quality control. The paper includes the outcome of the research methodology decided by authors based on interview of project participants and analysis of scrutinized interview data.
Keywords— construction project, quality management system.

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P.P.Mane, J.R.Patil, "Quality Management System at Construction Project: A Questionnaire Survey"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Verison-4

• Analysis of Non Linear Filters with Various Density of Impulse Noise for Different Window Size
  Rashmi Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Corrupted digital images are recovered by using median filters. The most frequently occur noise is salt and pepper type impulse noise. As the noise increases it becomes hard to recover the noisy digital image. Different median filters have been suggested to recover it. Size of the window taken in the filter is also the important factor at different level of noises. The performance of standard median filter (SMF), centered weighted median (CWM) filter and directional weighted median (DWM) filter is tested on gray scale images corrupted with variable percentage of salt & pepper noise impulse noise. It is also tested for different window sizes of filters. Some filter performs better at low noise while some performs better at high noise. At higher level of noise, large window size in the filters works better than small window size. These comparisons are very helpful in deciding the best filter at different level of noise.
Keywords: SMF, CWM, DWM.

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Rashmi Sharma, "Analysis of Non Linear Filters with Various Density of Impulse Noise for Different Window Size"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?
  Rahul Kathiriya, ParthGajera, KevalKhunt
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

1.1 Objectives
To reduce quantity of pollute gases from the atmosphere. Also reduced effect of the exhaust gases on human being.To get some products which may use in different purposes.
1.2 Beneficiaries
For better environment near the cross roads.Also for society and world by reducing CO2.Get product was economic and use for environment.
1.3 Value of result
We can use these on crossing roads in urban area.We can also use these at toll plaza on highway.We may also use at that where daily traffic are very high. Also for industrial purpose.
1.4 Unique selling point
"Stay comfort, because we steal your detriment"

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Rahul Kathiriya, Parth Gajera, Keval Khunt, "To Reduce the Pollution from the Earth which is exhausted By Vehicles?"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Simulation Studies Of Premixed N-Pentane/Air Liquid Micro Combustion
  G.B. Arivazhagan, P. Gowtham
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With latest improvements in MEMS, combustion based Micro-Power generation devices are seen as alternatives for conventional batteries because of the high energy densities of Hydrogen and other hydrocarbon fuels. An important feature of micro-power system is to utilize the combustion of fuel or propellant in the micro-burner to produce the gas with high temperature and high pressure to drive turbines or other power units, which convert chemical into energy directly or indirectly other forms of energy, for example heat or power. We have concentrated on the usage of Micro combustion as a substitute for conventional batteries .In our study, a Micro Combustor of 1mm x 10mm is taken for Numerical Study. Combustion characteristics of N Pentane-Air mixture in a planar micro-channel is studied numerically. We have performed the liquid fuel combustion of n-Pentane and air to study the effects of liquid fuel combustion in a micro channel. The effect of axial velocity inlet, on exhaust gas temperature and Hydrogen Peroxide addition on exhaust gas concentration was analyzed respectively. We also investigated numerically the combustion characteristics under different conditions such as by varying the DPM, Number of Fuel Streams, and Spray Angle and so on. For this numerical analysis, an experimental model is considered as reference, and the geometry and the boundary conditions are taken from it for the purpose of simulation. In this study, n-Pentane is introduced as liquid droplets at the centerline and the liquid combustion is simulated numerically.
Keywords: Liquid fuel Microcombustion, n-Pentane/air with Hydrogen Peroxide, Premixed flame, Flame Temperature, k-epsilon model

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G.B. Arivazhagan, P. Gowtham, "Simulation Studies Of Premixed N-Pentane/Air Liquid Micro Combustion"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative study on two kinds of finite element analysis of PBL shear connectors
  Tingjie Zhang, Pengtao Jia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

According to the different construction forms of PBL shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beam and steel-concrete joint section, eight finite element models in two groups of the two construction forms are conducted to study different mechanical properties of PBL shear connectors. Following conclusions can be drawn from the finite element method calculation results. The load-slip curve, mechanical properties of PBL shear connector are quite different in two construction forms. With the same construction parameter, the ultimate bearing capacity, shear stiffness and ductility factor of PBL shear connectors in steel-concrete joint section are better than that in steel-concrete composite beam. In addition, concrete strength, perforated diameter, thickness of the perforated plate, diameter of the perforated rebar and construction form are the influencing factors of the bearing capacity, shear stiffness and ductility factor of PBL shear connectors.
Keywords:PBL, finite element analysis, push-out test, construction form, parametric studies.

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Tingjie Zhang, Pengtao Jia, "Comparative study on two kinds of finite element analysis of PBL shear connectors"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Forward and Reverse Motoring of DC Hoist Motor on Container Crane (CC) Operation
  Rukmini, Nadjamuddin Harun, Sakti Adji Adisasmita, Ganding Sitepu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Container cranes (CC) become the highest electric energy consumption equipment in container terminal. Therefore it is important to study and analyze the hoist motor as the largest motor on container crane operation to look for opportunities in use energy efficiently. Lifting and Lowering the container as the fixed operation of CC. Lifting the container as forward operating of hoist motor and lowering the container as reverse operating of hoist motor. The type of DC motor have used to modelling. Simulink (one of Matlab toolboxes) was used to model the forward and reverse of DC hoist motor.When lifting the container (forward motoring), the current required depends on the applied load torque. But when lowering the containers (reverse motoring), the voltage generated by the engine polarity reverse is determined by the downward movement of containers (mass and height). Reverse the polarity, and let the motor functions as a generator, produces a current and then the potential energy was calculated. Conclusions were drawn at the end of the paper.
Keywords: Container Crane, DC Hoist Motor, Forward, Reverse, Potential Energy.

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Rukmini, Nadjamuddin Harun, Sakti Adji Adisasmita, Ganding Sitepu, "Forward and Reverse Motoring of DC Hoist Motor on Container Crane (CC) Operation"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Pharmacy Automation-Pill Counting Design
  Omer Mohamed Adam Adlan, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Dispensing medications in a community pharmacy was a time-consuming operation. The pharmacist dispensed most prescriptions that were in tablet or capsule form with a simple tray and spatula. Many new medications were being developed by pharmaceutical manufacturers at an ever-increasing pace, and the prices of those medications were rising steeply. A typical community pharmacist was working longer hours and often forced to hire additional staff to handle increased workloads. This extra workload did not allow the time to focus on safety issues. This new factor led to the concept of using a machine to count medications. This paper introduces a design based on using microcontrollers for counting tablets and capsules . A production flow is build to automate the whole operations
Keywords— medication, dispensing pharmacist , automation , microcontroller, tablets, capsules.

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Omer Mohamed Adam Adlan, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi, "Pharmacy Automation-Pill Counting Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Petrol Pipe Line Telemonitoring Design
  Hani mohammed moqbel saleh, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Petrol pipe lines are subjected to different types of malfunction. The malfunction can happen due to technical faults or it may be due to a gangsters attack on the petrol pipes in order to hinder the petrol pumping operations.. The damage of the petrol pipes causes a loss of a large amount of petrol from the pipe lines. Petrol pipe damage also causes fires and pollution to the environments . Such operations causes a lot of loss in economy to the country concerned where the sabotage took place. This paper sheds the light on this challenging issue to steady and propose an intelligent electronic circuit design solutions to this problem. An electronic circuit design based on using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed as a processor to control the petrol pipe lines. A real time monitoring cameras are installed to fulfill this task .The system design is programmable (i.e intelligent) and hence the electronic actions established in the design can be modified easily..A personnel computer is used to capture the images from the cameras installed on the petrol pipe line. If any damage or attack is noticed a commands can be initiated to the electronic and electrical devices to stop the pumping operation and to close the petrol pipe line immediately. Many electrically controlled pipe closing valves are to be installed along the pipe line. These electronic closing valves are remotely controlled by the embedded system based on the (FPGA).
Keywords— FPGA, petrol pumping, petrol pipe line, interface circuit, wireless camera, personnel computer.

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Hani mohammed moqbel saleh, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi, "Petrol Pipe Line Telemonitoring Design"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of Covert Channel Method Based on IPv4 Identification Field over NS-3
  Hamza Kheddar, Merouane Bouzid
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in the interest in VoIP steganography due to the volume of VoIP traffic generated, which proved to be economically feasible to utilize .In this paper we present first available steganographic techniques that can be used for creating covert channels for each TCP/IP layer in VoIP application. Then we present steganographic methods which hide secret data in IP protocol header fields, particularly the identification field. The IP protocol covert channel implementation was carried out in NS-3 (Network Simulator 3).
Keywords— Data hiding, network steganography, Secure VoIP, TCP/IP protocols, Covert Channel.

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Hamza Kheddar, Merouane Bouzid, "Implementation of Covert Channel Method Based on IPv4 Identification Field over NS-3"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Object Capturing In A Cluttered Scene By Using Point Feature Matching
  Ch. Sravani, B. Harikrishna, K. Gayatri, K. Anusha, K. Pydiraju
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Capturing means getting or catching. This project contains an algorithm for capturing a specific target based on the points which corresponds between reference and target image. It can capture the objects in-plane rotation and also effective to small amount of out-of plane rotation also. This method of object capturing works best for objects that exhibit in a cluttered texture patterns, which give rise to unique point feature matches. When a part of object is occluded by other objects in the scene, only features of that part are missed. As long as there are enough features detected in the unoccluded part, the object can captured. The local representation is based on the appearance. There is no need to extract geometric primitives (e.g. lines) which are generally hard to detect reliably.
Keywords— object capture, matching technique, occlude, geometric primitives.

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Ch. Sravani, B. Harikrishna, K. Gayatri, K. Anusha, K. Pydiraju, "Object Capturing In A Cluttered Scene By Using Point Feature Matching"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Critical Study of Water Loss in Canals and its Reduction Measures
  Bikram Saha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water is a very precious natural resource. When this precious resource moves through the canals certain part of the water is lost by seepage, evaporation etc. This loss is known as conveyance loss. The conveyance loss was calculated experimentally by different researcher on different canals around the world. In this paper author have tried to review some of the research work and recommend an average water loss from the canal irrespective of the soil and other environmental condition. There are different materials which have been used in canal lining to reduce this water loss. No such material can be said it is the best material for reducing water loss because it depends on the site and its environmental condition. Now a days geosynthetic alone or geosynthetic with concrete or precast concrete is used to for canal lining in this paper they have tried to see the strength, durability etc. of different geosynthetic material and its application in canal lining.
Keywords— canal lining, conveyance, geomembrane, geosynthetic, water loss

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Bikram Saha, "A Critical Study of Water Loss in Canals and its Reduction Measures"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Thermosyphon Cross Section Shape
  Mohammed M. I. Hammad, Jasem H. ALsuwaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Two phase closed thermosyphon is a good heat transfer device. A large heat is transferred from evaporator to condenser with relatively a small temperature difference. In the present work, the heat transfer performance of two phase closed thermosyphon is analyzed experimentally with different cross section shape for the thermosyphon tube. A copper thermosyphon has been constructed with three different cross section shape (circular, square and rectangular) having the same hydraulic diameter and length. Methanol is used as the working fluid. The temperature distribution across the thermosyphon outer surface was measured and recorded using thermocouples. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of input power, thermal resistance is indirectly proportional to the input power. The maximum heat transfer coefficient (1815 W/m2C) for square cross section at the input power (500 W).

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Mohammed M. I. Hammad, Jasem H. ALsuwaidi, "Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Thermosyphon Cross Section Shape"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study & Analysis of Knuckle Joint with the Replacement of Material by Using Teflon
  Nishant Vibhav Saxena and Dr. Rohit Rajvaidya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The rapid growth of technology in recent decades has led to the reduction of cost and weight of materials. The modified system has become popular in industry as well as in research. As a result, this there are reduction in accident and safety has increased. Many systems used in industries use knuckle joint which is combination of two materials: cast iron and stainless steel. Here we are proposing the modification of one of the material that is changing cast iron into a composite polymer material. The proposed system has many advantages over other system such as making the device, simpler and having maximum safety and is ecofriendly. The analysis of the system proves all the above features mention above. The reason for considering polymer is that property of polymer is mostly similar to the property of metal. Composite polymers are characterized by a high flexibility material. The revolutionary evolution in technologies in last year allowed reducing stress and strain.In the present work ANSYS 13 has been used for analysis of knuckle joint with modified material and varying loads.
Keywords— Knuckle joint, FEM, ANYSIS-13, Composite material

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Nishant Vibhav Saxena and Dr. Rohit Rajvaidya, "Study & Analysis of Knuckle Joint with the Replacement of Material by Using Teflon"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Review on Various Algorithm for Cloud Detection and Removal for Images
  Ms.Manisha Raut, Ms.Pallavi Dhok
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Clouds is one of the significant obstacles in extracting information from tea lands using remote sensing imagery Different approaches have been attempted to solve this problem with varying levels of success In the past decade, a number of cloud removal approaches have been proposed . In this paper we review and discuss about the cloud detection & removal, need of cloud computing , its principles, and cloud removal process and various algorithm of cloud removal. This paper attempts to give a recipe for selecting one of the popular cloud removal algorithms like The Information Cloning Algorithm, Cloud Distortion Model And Filtering Procedure, Semi-Automated Cloud/Shadow, And Haze Identification And Removal etc. A cloud removal approach based on information cloning is introduced...Using generic interpolation machinery based on solving Poisson equations, a variety of novel tools are introduced for seamless editing of image regions. The patch-based information reconstruction is mathematically formulated as a Poisson equation and solved using a global optimization process. Based on the specific requirements of the project that necessitates the utilization of certain types of cloud detection algorithms is decided
Keywords— Cloud removal, information cloning, Poisson Equation, Haze Identification And Removal, cloud computing etc.

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Ms.Manisha Raut, Ms.Pallavi Dhok, "Review on Various Algorithm for Cloud Detection and Removal for Images"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Social Sensor for Real Time Event Detection
  Prajakta Patil, Pooja Patil, Amruta Salvi, Prof. Mrunmayee Hatiskar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Social sites play an important role in our day to day life. Peoples are spending at most of the time on social networking sites and for this reason social networking sites have received a more attention in last few years. Social networking websites have received greater attention in the past few years .Twitter is one of the most popular networking site which received attention from peoples by providing its real time nature. The important characteristic of our system is its real-time nature. We create a system to collects the tweets from various groups of users and detect real time events like earthquake, traffic etc. To detect real time events, we build a classifier of comments based on features such as the keywords in a comments, the number of words. With the help of comments we will approximately find out the location of the target event. We assume each user as a sensor and apply priority base algorithm which is used for tweet analysis. To resolve the traffic congestion problem, we have to consider the volume of the traffic, traffic speed, road occupancy etc. Classify tweets into a positive and negative class. Produce a probabilistic model for event detection. We create group of users on the basis of their interest such as peoples from traffic police department are post the tweets related to traffic event, also peoples form whether department are post their tweets related to flood etc. Each tweet is associated with user group, tweet, time and location. By processing time and location information, we can detect the real time events.
Keywords— Classifier, microblogging, feature

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Prajakta Patil, Pooja Patil, Amruta Salvi, Prof. Mrunmayee Hatiskar, "Social Sensor for Real Time Event Detection"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Automated Live Forensics Analysis for Volatile Data Acquisition
  Bharath B, Nagoor Meeran A R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The increase in sophisticated attack on computers needs the assistance of Live forensics to uncover the evidence since traditional forensics methods doesn't collect volatile data. The volatile data can ease the difficulty towards investigation in fact it can provide investigator with rich information towards solving a case. Here we are trying to eliminate the complexity involved in normal process by automating the process of acquisition and analyzing at the same time providing integrity towards evidence data through python scripting.
Keywords— Live forensic, Live acquisition, RAM dump, Network, HDD, Windows registry.

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Bharath B, Nagoor Meeran A R, "Automated Live Forensics Analysis for Volatile Data Acquisition"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of Interleaving Methods on MELP 2.4 Coder to Reduce Packet Loss in the Voice over IP (VoIP) Transmission
  Hamza Kheddar, Bachir Boudraa
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The work consists first of making improvements of a MELP coder running at 2.4 kbps by the implementation of packets lost concealment techniques based on the receiver. These techniques consist of interleaving information frames, then, we conducted a comparative study of several interlacing methods. For this, we used the evaluation technique standardized by ITU-T called PESQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality).
Keywords— VoIP Transmission, Interleaving, MELP Coding, PLC, PESQ.

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Hamza Kheddar, Bachir Boudraa, "Implementation of Interleaving Methods on MELP 2.4 Coder to Reduce Packet Loss in the Voice over IP (VoIP) Transmission" Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wimax Applications
  Chandan Kumar Dubey, Rahul Ranjan, Prashant Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of Rhombus ShapedMicrostrip Patch Antenna.For this purpose, we cut "U‟ shaped slot in the proposed antenna geometry. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having ε_r=4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna and conventional Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.20 GHz and 5.58 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WiMax applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.32%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3.6%) having the same dimensions.
Keywords— Broadband, FR4 substrate, slot, Gain, Resonant frequency

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Chandan Kumar Dubey, Rahul Ranjan, Prashant Kumar, "Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wimax Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence of Bed Ash and Fly Ash Replacement in Mortars
  S. L. Summoogum-Utchanah, R. Rughooputh, R. Oochit
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The study evaluates the influence of fly ash and bottom ash as partial cement substitutes in mortars by studying the particle size distribution, consistency, flow, fresh density, air content, compressive strength and flexural strength characteristics. The results revealed that fly ash and cement had relatively the same particle size distribution unlike bottom ash. In the fresh state, as the amount of pozzolans increased in the mixtures, the mortars showed an enhancement in workability, were susceptible to water loss by bleeding, and exhibited a decline in fresh density. The early strength gains of the fly ash samples were low but reached higher than the control after 28 days of curing. The flexural strength increased as the fly ash content rose to reach a maximum at 20 % replacement. However, the 2-day compressive strength of bottom ash samples was higher than the control but decreased after 28 days of curing while the flexural strength declined with addition of bottom ash except at 5 % substitution.
Keywords— Fly ash, Bottom ash, Mortars, Compressive strength, Flexural strength

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S. L. Summoogum-Utchanah, R. Rughooputh, R. Oochit, "Influence of Bed Ash and Fly Ash Replacement in Mortars"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review on Applicability of Photocatalyst Titanium dioxide for Treatment of Greywater
  Jatin G. Bhadiyadra, Minakshi V. Vaghani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Greywater reuse has attracted great attention for sustainable management of water especially under water scarcity conditions. However, the effort has been limited by the presence of toxic organics in the effluent which in turn inhibits the public acceptance of recycling water. The existence of those organic pollutants, which cannot be eliminated by conventional primary and secondary treatment processes, can be problematic. Hence it is necessary to explore a sustainable, robust and affordable method for treatment of greywater. Photocatalytic oxidation is an emerging technology that could be suitable to remove refractory organic compounds found in greywater. Recently titanium dioxide (TiO₂) gained wide attention for photocatalytic oxidation of organic matter of wastewater. Because it is biologically and chemical inert, resistant to chemical corrosion and can work at ambient temperature and pressure, without addition of chemical species. The irradiation of titanium dioxide dispersions by ultraviolet (UV) (300-400 nm) light can lead to the formulation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals which attack the pollutant molecule to degrade it into carbon dioxide, water and mineral acids.This technology has advantages, such as, the integration into small places, low maintenance and easy operation.
Keywords— Greywater, Photocatalytic oxidation, Refractory organic compounds, Titanium dioxide (TiO₂).

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Jatin G. Bhadiyadra, Minakshi V. Vaghani, "A Review on Applicability of Photocatalyst Titanium dioxide for Treatment of Greywater"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-5

• UART Serial Communication Module Design and Simulation Based on VHDL
  D.V.R.K Raju, B.Narsingarao, K.Vikash, D. Akshay Kumar , S.Rama Krishna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is a kind of serial communication protocol; mostly used for short-distance, low speed, low-cost data exchange between computer and peripherals. During the actual industrial production, sometimes we do not need the full functionality of UART, but simply integrate its core part. UART includes three kernel modules which are the baud rate generator, receiver and transmitter. The UART implemented with VHDL language and simulated using XILINX ISE12.1 to achieve compact, stable and reliable data transmission. It's significant for the design of SOC. The simulation results are completely consistent.
Keywords: UART; asynchronous serial communication; VHDL; XILINX ISE12.1.

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D.V.R.K Raju, B.Narsingarao, K.Vikash, D. Akshay Kumar , S.Rama Krishna, "UART Serial Communication Module Design and Simulation Based on VHDL"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Ac Hybrid Charge Controller
  Shalini S. Durgam, Anuradha B. Musale, Sneha A. Balki, Payal S. Gahane, Prof. L. B. Awale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

One of the primary needs for socio-economic development in any nation in the world is the provision of reliable electricity supply systems with lower carbon footprint levels. The purpose of this work is the development of a hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energy in sun and electricity to generate electricity. The working model can able to run on dual mode- solar and electricity. It can also be driven independently either by solar or electricity. The battery can be charge from solar panel (40W) or by power supply. The household single phase A.C. power supply of 230V is converted into 12V D.C. using step down transformer and rectifying circuit. The working model can achieve energy saving, low carbon emission, environmental protection for the upcoming future of human life.
Index Terms: Battery, charge controller hybrid, photovoltaic, cell, power, solar, AC mains.

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Shalini S. Durgam, Anuradha B. Musale, Sneha A. Balki, Payal S. Gahane, Prof. L. B. Awale, "Ac Hybrid Charge Controller"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental and numerical analysis of elasto-plastic behaviour of notched specimen to tensile and compressive cyclic loading
  Ganga Reddy C, Dr. Shantharaja M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The objective of the work was to estimate the elasto-plastic stress and strain behaviour at the root of the notch of an Al 6061 plate undergoing tensile and compressive cyclic loading by both experimental and numerical methods. This attempt to measured initial elasto-plastic stresses experimentally then verified by numerically. The various Kt values such as 2, 4 and 6 specimens were subjected to tensile test using a computerised universal testing machine. Numerical approach associated with body discretization and developed finite element model with sufficient degree of freedom to analyses elasto-plastic analysis of notched specimen. Experimental results show that analysis of three Kt notched specimens had similar behaviour of elasto-plastic behaviour but different magnitude. The experimental results compare well with the numerical results which are obtained during finite element analysis of notched specimens.

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Ganga Reddy C, Dr. Shantharaja M, "Experimental and numerical analysis of elasto-plastic behaviour of notched specimen to tensile and compressive cyclic loading"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structural and Electrical Analysis of Various MOSFET Designs
  Pallavi Choudhary, Tarun Kapoor
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Invention of Transistor is the foundation of electronics industry. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has been the key to the development of nano electronics technology. This paper offers a brief review of some of the most popular MOSFET structure designs. The scaling down of planar bulk MOSFET proposed by the Moore's Law has been saturated due to short channel effects and DIBL. Due to this alternative approaches has been considered to overcome the problems at lower node technology. SOI and FinFET technologies are promising candidates in this area.
Keywords:FD MOSFET, FINFET, PD MOSFET, PLANAR MOSFET, SOI.

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Pallavi Choudhary, Tarun Kapoor, "Structural and Electrical Analysis of Various MOSFET Designs"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Power Transmission Through Timing Belt In Two Wheeler Motors
  Gurumurthy Veerapathiran, Prabu Dhanapal, Ranjithkumar Koumaravel, Padmanaban Narayanamoorthy, Vignesh Ravi, Chandran
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper studies the effect of noise and friction on performance of the chain drive system for motor bikes. Experiment shows that chain transmission in chain drive system leads to poor overall performance, due to its noise and chain gets loose due to aging and sprockets wear due to chain friction etc., the proposed system consists of drive and driven pulley with timing belt transmission. Compared to conventional method, proposed method give improved tension in pulleys and belt by the additional arrangement called belt tensioner. This gives good overall performance of the system, and reduces noise, vibration and gives high transmission speed.
Keywords: Timing belt, Transmission system, Belt drive.

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Gurumurthy Veerapathiran, Prabu Dhanapal, Ranjithkumar Koumaravel, Padmanaban Narayanamoorthy, Vignesh Ravi, Chandran, "Power Transmission Through Timing Belt In Two Wheeler Motors"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Survey on Mobile Based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring and Diagnosis for remote Places in Sikkim
  Lalit Chettri
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recently remote health care has been a key issue to look after. As Sikkim is a hilly area suffering from transportation and inadequate medical facilities. Therefore, this survey on telemedicine system provides sufficient ideas for remote health diagnosis and monitoring in remote of Sikkim. As per the health personalities the various chronic diseases are diagnosed and treated with the human parameters such as ECG, SpO2, temperature, and blood pressure. These psychological signs are diagnosed in remote hospitals and PHCs and all physiological signs will be immediately transmitted to remote medical server through both cellular networks and internet. Also data can be transmitted to a family member's mobile phone or doctor's phone 3G and 4G networks. As Sikkim has 7 major hospitals and 24 PHCs, so one major hospital such as CRH Manipal or STNM can be chosen as a remote server unit and all the information through advance wireless communication module is received in this unit and patient health status can be diagnosed. As this hilly place lacks in medical facilities in remote places due to in educate knowledge of telemedicine system. This paper discuss about the recent trends in telemedicine for a small state. This paper is discussed in order to give 24*7 medical facilities in every corner of Sikkim. This paper also discusses the telemedicine system for normal and emergency condition. As this telemedicine is not a new technology, it's an existing technology this paper discuss the advancement in such technology to provide better medical service for remote places.

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Lalit Chettri, "Survey on Mobile Based Telemedicine System for Patient Monitoring and Diagnosis for remote Places in Sikkim"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experiment on single-mode feedback control of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in a half-zone liquid bridge
  M. Kudo
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Feedback control was carried out on nonlinear thermocapillary convections in a half-zone liquid bridge of a high Prandtl number fluid under normal gravity. In the liquid bridge, the convection changed from a two-dimensional steady flow to a three-dimensional oscillatory flow at a critical temperature difference. Feedback control was realized by locally modifying the free surface temperature using local temperature measured at different positions. The present study aims to confirm whether the control method can effectively suppress oscillatory flows with every modal structure. Consequently, the control was theoretically verified to be effective for oscillatory flows with every modal structure in a high Marangoni number range.
Keywords— Feedback control, half-zone liquid bridge, modal structure, oscillatory flow, thermocapillary

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M. Kudo, "Experiment on single-mode feedback control of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in a half-zone liquid bridge"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improvement in Properties of Black Cotton Soil with an Addition of Natural Fibre (Coir) Derived From Coconut Covering
  Priyank Goyal, Ashutosh Shanker Trivedi, Manoj Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Improvement of soil in foundation is a major challenge in civil engineering. Structures built on black cotton soil may be damaged due to high swelling and shrinkage characteristics of this soil with variation of water content. Black cotton soil is an expansive soil which loses its strength in presence of water. On the other hand, it has behavior of shrinkage when loss of moisture is there. About 20 % of land area in India is covered by black cotton soil. Because of its swelling & shrinkage properties, it is also called expansive soil. The present paper is an attempt to study the effectiveness of coconut fiber (coir) to control swelling properties of black cotton soil along with an impact on its strength characteristics and dry density. The test results show that in presence of 2% coir fibre, the shrinkage limit is increases by 7.52% to 12.62%. Increase in compressive strength was observed from1.09 to1.32 kg per sq-cm.
Keywords— black cotton soil; coir fibres: swelling behavior: Shrinkage

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Priyank Goyal, Ashutosh Shanker Trivedi, Manoj Sharma, "Improvement in Properties of Black Cotton Soil with an Addition of Natural Fibre (Coir) Derived From Coconut Covering"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Loadings on the Design Parameters of an Induction Motor and Its Performance Using Matlab/Simulink
  Folorunso Oladipo, Olowu Temitayo O, Orizu Eziafa F
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper looks at the effect of magnetic loading and electric loading on the design parameters of an induction motor and its performance. The study involves the use of MATLAB to simulate 50kW, 3-phase, 415V, 50Hz, 6 poles induction machine. Based on the variation of the magnetic and electric loading of the machine, the various design values of the rotor and stator of the machine are specified. The performance index which includes stator loss, rotor loss, cost, power factor, efficiency, and torque are also specified for squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM)
Keywords— MATLAB, stator, rotor, magnetic loading, electric loading, SCIM.

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Folorunso Oladipo, Olowu Temitayo O, Orizu Eziafa F, "Analysis of the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Loadings on the Design Parameters of an Induction Motor and Its Performance Using Matlab/Simulink"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dynamic Metadata Management in Semantic File Systems
  M. Suguna, T. Anand
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The progression in data capacity and difficulty inflicts great challenges for file systems. To address these contests, an inventive namespace management scheme is in distracted need to deliver both the ease and competence of data access. For scalability, each server makes only local, autonomous decisions about relocation for load balancing. Associative access is provided by a traditional extension to present tree-structured file system conventions, and by protocols that are intended specifically for content based access.Rapid attribute-based accesstofile system contents is fulfilled by instinctive extraction and indexing of key properties of file system objects. The programmed indexing of files and calendars is called "semantic" because user programmable transducers use data about the semantics of efficient file system objects to extract the properties for indexing. Tentative results from a semantic file system execution support the thesis that semantic file systems present a more active storage abstraction than do traditional tree planned file systems for data sharing and command level programming. Semantic file system is executed as a middleware in predictable file systems and works orthogonally with categorized directory trees. The semantic relationships and file groups recognized in file systems can also be used to facilitate file prefetching among other system-level optimizations. All-encompassing trace-driven experiments on our sample implementation validate the efficiency and competence.
Key Terms— File systems, mete data, namespace management , semantic awareness, storage systems

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M. Suguna, T. Anand, "Dynamic Metadata Management in Semantic File Systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute Fibre
  Venugopal S, Mahendran G, Aneesh Kumar Cs
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recently natural fibres have been receiving considerable attention as substitutes for synthetic fibre reinforcements due to their low cost, low density, acceptable specific strength, good thermal insulation properties, reduced tool wear, reduced thermal and respiratory irritation and renewable resources. The aim of this work is to develop chemically treated and chemically untreated fibre reinforced composite material with optimum properties so that it can replace the existing synthetic fibre reinforced composite material for a suitable application. In this work, polyester resin has been reinforced with jute fabric, so as to develop jute fibre reinforced plastic (JFRP) with a weight ratio of 10:1:1 Hand lay-up technique was used to manufacture the composites where Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide and cobalt Naphthalene were used as coupling agent and accelerator respectively. The thickness of the composite specimen was obtained by laying up layer of fibre and matrix. The untreated composites have been used and mechanical properties are compared with natural fibre and jute fibre composite by using the Ansys method.
Key Terms— Jute fiber, Epoxy resin, Jute fibre reinforced composite, Tensile strength, Ansys solving.

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Venugopal S, Mahendran G, Aneesh Kumar Cs, "Analysis of Composite Material Blended With Thermoplastics and Jute Fibre"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet Using CFD Tool
  Santosh Bagewadi, A M Mulla, Dilip Sutraway
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Enhancement of heat transfer rates in heat exchanger and calorimeter has been reported by many researchers. However, work regarding heat transfer characteristics analysis of double spiral counter flow calorimeter is not published and this forms the objective of this work. DSCFC is a unique design where it consists of single fluid as working fluid for heat exchange. Here heat transfer takes place between solid and fluid, and hence can be called as conjugate heat transfer problem. Heat transfer characteristics DSCFC is observed at various Reynolds number and base temperature. DSCFC is analyzed considering conjugate heat transfer and temperature dependent properties of heat transport media. Computations are performed using commercially available CFD package ANSYS-CFX. It is observed that with increase in Reynolds number of the fluid, heat transfer reduces whereas increase in base temperature increases heat transfer. The Computational results are compared with the experimental.
Keywords— Double spiral calorimeter, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Conjugate heat transfer

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Santosh Bagewadi, A M Mulla, Dilip Sutraway, "Analysis of A Double Spiral Counter Flow Calorimeter in Impinging Flame Jet Using CFD Tool"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Graphical password authentication using Pass faces
  Ms Grinal Tuscano, Aakriti Tulasyan, Akshata Shetty, Malvina Rumao, Aishwarya Shetty
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Authentication is one of the most important security primitive. Alphanumeric password authentication is most widely used authentication mechanism. This mechanism has been shown to have several drawbacks and is prone to various attacks such as brute force attack, shoulder surfing attack, dictionary attack. Thus to overcome the drawbacks of alphanumeric passwords, we propose Graphical passwords as an alternative to alphanumeric passwords. This is because humans tend to remember visuals better than text. This paper attempts to highlight the existing graphical Passface system, its usability features and then develop a new graphical password system that combines both graphic and texts passwords to fortify the authentication process on desktop systems.
Keywords— Security, Authentication, Graphical Password, Passfaces, Distortion.

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Ms Grinal Tuscano, Aakriti Tulasyan, Akshata Shetty, Malvina Rumao, Aishwarya Shetty, "Graphical password authentication using Pass faces"Vol. 5 - Issue 3 (March - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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