• Synthesis & Bio-Evaluation of 4-Amino-5-Benzyl-2, 4-Dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-Thione Capped Silver Nano Particles
  M. Padma, G. Ravi Kumar, R. Sarada, B. Venkateswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Synthesis of 4-amino-5-benzyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Capped Silver NanoParticles by a simple procedure. Spherical shaped Capped Ag-NPs with average size of 14.65 nm are obtained by the treatment of aqueous silver ions with hot ethanolic solution of 4-amino-5-benzyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione as Stabilizing/Reducing agent. The Nanoparticles are characterized using TEM, XRD and FTIR studies. The synthesized Nanoparticles were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 50, 100, 200 μg /ml. The Nanoparticles showed good activity, nearly equal to the inhibition zone value of ciprofloxacin, against the E.coli bacteria. For the antifungal activity, the compound showed equipotent activity against A.niger.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Capping Agent, Silver Nanoparticles, Triazole Derivatives.

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M. Padma, G. Ravi Kumar, R. Sarada, B. Venkateswara Rao, "Synthesis & Bio-Evaluation of 4-Amino-5-Benzyl-2, 4-Dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-Thione Capped Silver Nano Particles"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bridge Calculation for Large Transport by Finite Element Method
  Wulin, Xiaoxia Zhai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Big transportation refers to the contour size more than limit standard as well as loading vehicle or vehicles on the role of a bridge over the total weight design load .The safety, economy and convenience are the key to the heavy transportation, also is the basic principle of large transport. This article is based on an engineering example, adopt the method of finite element analysis, the research can or not certain big load through security bridge, for China's major transportation of provides the basis for the solution of the problem encountered, also for engineering and technical personnel to provide a reference for similar transportation project.
Keywords: large transport Finite element method bridge calculation

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Wulin, Xiaoxia Zhai, "Bridge Calculation for Large Transport by Finite Element Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as a Foundation for Pavements Based On the Indonesian National Standard
  Muhamad Ansori, Iphan F. Radam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research aims to determine the use of materials from reclaimed asphalt pavement layers directly with the addition of virgin aggregates without the addition of other additives (filler) intended for quality improvement based on the 2010 general specifications of the Indonesian National Standard. Utilization of these materials was used for base courses (class A), sub-base courses (class B), and courses without asphalt coverings (class S). The method used was the laboratory-experiment method and the analysis of the relationship was made using the regression equation. Based on the analysis, by combining the mixture with the virgin aggregates, it was revealed that the materials from reclaimed asphalt pavement layers can be used for the base courses by no more than 3 percent, for the sub-base courses by no more than 9 percent, and for the courses without asphalt coverings or shoulders by no more than 10 percent.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Base courses, Sub-base courses, Courses without asphalt coverings

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Muhamad Ansori, Iphan F. Radam, "The Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as a Foundation for Pavements Based On the Indonesian National Standard"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Influence of space of double row piles on soil arching effect
  Zhao bo, Zhai Yong-chao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

FLAC3d software, based on continuous theory, is used to analysis influence of space of double row piles on soil arching effect. The result shows that different from single row pile, double row piles will produce soil arching effect at front pile and rear pile severally, this phenomenon is called multiple soil arching effect; the residual load of front of front row pile will increase,the soil arch zone and the soil arching effect will decrease with the continuous increase of double row pile spacing.At the same time the soil arching effect of rear pile decreases, while the soil arching effect of front pile increases and finally the soil arching effect between front pile and rear pile will be equal.
Key words: double row piles; the space of piles; FLAC3d; soil arching effect

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Zhao bo, Zhai Yong-chao, "Influence of space of double row piles on soil arching effect"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Titanium: A New Generation Material for Architectural Applications
  Anjali Acharya, Vasudha A. Gokhale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Advanced Materials are defined as unique combinations of materials, process technologies, that together, help create and capture value by addressing large, global unmet wants and needs of building industry. There is a wide range of innovation enabled by technologies for processing materials and integrating currently available materials for creation of new generation buildings "Titaniun" is one of them. It is an incredibly durable and stunning material known for its wide-range of color, high-tensile strength. Titanium can be processed to achieve a variety of surface textures, from a soft matte to a near gleaming reflectivity suitable for architectural application. Titanium's corrosion immunity, strength and physical properties combine to allow reduced wall thickness, lowering its installed unit cost which is favourable as far as its application in densely populated urban areas is concerned. Many countries like United Sates of America, China, and Spain etc have also stared its use however its use in developing country like India is still limited. The paper attempts to analyze the chemical properties of Titanium as a futuristic building material. It also observes the variant of the material as option to make self-cleaning buildings in the future, reducing the amount of harmful cleansers used currently.
Keywords: Titanium, Anodizing, surface textures, recyclable.

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Anjali Acharya, Vasudha A. Gokhale, "Titanium: A New Generation Material for Architectural Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Order Parameter and Elastic Constants Studies of Liquid Crystals
  Khalid Al.Ammar, Naheda Humood Al.Garah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study focused on the smectogenic polysiloxane, PG296, and the nematogenic, PG375, Where noted the lower order parameter at higher molecular weight polymers, they do support the overall trend of an increased nematic range with increasing polymer concentration. The reduced solvent power of 5CB when used with the polymer PG375 might be associated with the lack of side groups of similar cyanobiphenyl structure in the polymer but could also be related to the strong dipolar anti-parallel associations that might be expected to form between the cyano terminated polymer side groups, thus locking in the backbone configuration. The elastic constants and S2 as a function of polymer concentration, where the constants decreases with increasing concentration of the solution.
Keyword— liquid crystals, polysiloxane

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Khalid Al.Ammar, Naheda Humood Al.Garah, "Order Parameter and Elastic Constants Studies of Liquid Crystals" Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Deposition and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Composite Prepare By Iron Oxide Synthesis
  Asif Jehan, Dr. Shirish Joshi and Dr. M.N. Bapat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Iron oxide synthesized through sintering route. The present research work deals with ferrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Ferric nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The comparative studies of ferric oxide were examined through few characterizations. The structural behavior of iron oxide was studied in XRD, FT/IR, TEM and SEM. This behavior showed ferrite nature of the sample.
Keyword— Fe₂O₃, sintering method, TEM, SEM, XRD AND FT/IR

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Asif Jehan, Dr. Shirish Joshi and Dr. M.N. Bapat, "Deposition and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Composite Prepare By Iron Oxide Synthesis"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Torsional-Distortional Performance of Multi-Cell Trapezoidal Box Girder with All Inclined Web Members
  Chidolue, C. A, Amadou, A And Ezeagu, C. A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this study, the torsional and distortional performance of a three triangular cell trapezoidal box girder section was studied using Vlasov's theory of thin walled structures. The potential energy of a system under equilibrium was used to obtain the governing differential equations of equilibrium for torsionl-distortional analysis of the box structure. The strain modes diagrams representing torsional and distortional interactions of the box girder structure were obtained as well as the distortional bending moment diagram for the box girder structure. These were used to compute Vlasov's coefficients contained in the differential equations of equilibrium. The fourth order differential equations obtained were solved using method of trigonometric series with accelerated convergence to obtain the distortional and torsional deformations which were compared with torsional and distortional deformations of a single cell mono symmetric box girder section of similar overall dimensions and plates thicknesses. The maximum distortional deformation was found to be 168% lower than that of a single cell mono-symmetric box girder section of the same size and dimensions. The inclined internal web members, which also act as diaphragms, brought about increase in the pure torsional and distortional components of the applied torsional load, resulting to marginal increase in the torsional deformation but major decrease in the distortional deformation.
Keywords: deformation, distortion, torsion, trapezoidal box girder, triangular cells, Vlasov's theory.

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Chidolue, C. A, Amadou, A And Ezeagu, C. A, "Torsional-Distortional Performance of Multi-Cell Trapezoidal Box Girder with All Inclined Web Members"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Statistical Optimization of Keratinase Production from Marine Fungus
  S.Satya lakshmi, G.Girija Shankar, T.Prabhakar, T.Satish
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

To improve the yield of keratinase from marine fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, different medium constituents were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The strain produced 24.8U/mL and 36.4U/mL of keratinase activity in conventional method of optimization with glucose and soya bean meal as carbon and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology which was applied to optimize concentrations of glucose, soya bean meal, feather powder and inoculum level, improved the productivity to 225.0U/mL. This value represents 6.18 fold increases in productivity as compared to conventional methods. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined as glucose 1.52g/L, soya bean meal-1.08g/L, feather powder-1.04g/L and inoculum level-10.6%.
Key words: Keratinase, Marine sponge, Response surface methodology, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Glucose, soya bean meal.

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S.Satya lakshmi, G.Girija Shankar, T.Prabhakar, T.Satish, "Statistical Optimization of Keratinase Production from Marine Fungus"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Achieving High Performance Distributed System: Using Grid, Cluster and Cloud Computing
  Sunil Kr Singh, Kavneet Kaur, Anuj Aggarwal, Dharvi Verma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

To increase the efficiency of any task, we require a system that would provide high performance along with flexibilities and cost efficiencies for user. Distributed computing, as we are all aware, has become very popular over the past decade. Distributed computing has three major types, namely, cluster, grid and cloud. In order to develop a high performance distributed system, we need to utilize all the above mentioned three types of computing. In this paper, we shall first have an introduction of all the three types of distributed computing. Subsequently examining them we shall explore trends in computing and green sustainable computing to enhance the performance of a distributed system. Finally presenting the future scope, we conclude the paper suggesting a path to achieve a Green high performance distributed system using cluster, grid and cloud computing.
Key words: Grid Computing, Cluster Computing, Cloud Computing, High Performance Computing, Distributed Computing.

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Sunil Kr Singh, Kavneet Kaur, Anuj Aggarwal, Dharvi Verma, "Achieving High Performance Distributed System: Using Grid, Cluster and Cloud Computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Leaf Disease Detection Using Arm7 and Image Processing
  Prof. R. N.kadu, S. Kangane, S.Vikhe, R.Pandita, V. Inamke
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In an agricultural field plant diseases are very important aspect as it directly affect on the production of plant and economical value of market. In this research generally we uses image processing technique that is automatically detect symptoms of the disease as early as possible. This is the first and important phase for automatic detection and classification of plant diseases. There are some stages to find the disease like image acquisition, preprocessing on image, color transform usingYCbCr, segmentation using Otsu method, feature extraction using Gabor filter method and classification using SVM, using those steps we can surely detect the disease and classified it and also can take preventive measures.
Keywords: Leaf disease, Image processing, Gabor filter, SVM, Otsu

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Prof. R. N.kadu, S. Kangane, S.Vikhe, R.Pandita, V. Inamke, "Leaf Disease Detection Using Arm7 and Image Processing"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Securely Data Forwarding and Maintaining Reliability of Data in Cloud Computing
  Sonali A.Wanjari, Asst. Prof. Bharat Tidke
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud works as an online storage servers and provides long term storage services over the internet. It is like a third party in whom we can store a data so they need data confidentiality, robustness and functionality. Encryption and encoding methods are used to solve such problems. After that divide proxy re-encryption scheme and integrating it with a decentralized erasure code such that a secure distributed storage system is formulated. The distributed storage system not only supports secure, robust data storage and retrieval but also lets the user forward his data to another user without retrieving the data. A concept of backup in same server allows users to retrieve failure data successfully in the storage server and also forward to another user without retrieving the data back. This is an attempt to provide light-weight approach which protects data access in distributed storage servers. User can implement all important concept i.e. Confidentiality for security, Robustness for healthy data, Reliability for flexible data, Availability for compulsory data will be achieved to another user which is store in cloud and easily overcome problem of "Securely data forwarding and maintaining, reliability of data in cloud computing "using different type of Methodology and Technology.
Keywords: Homomorphic Encryption method, encoding method, proxy re-encryption scheme, decentralized erasure code, cloud computing.

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Sonali A.Wanjari, Asst. Prof. Bharat Tidke, "Securely Data Forwarding and Maintaining Reliability of Data in Cloud Computing"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• E-Payment System on E-Commerce in India
  Karamjeet Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

E-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products, information and services on the Internet and other online environments. In an e-commerce environment, payments take the form of money exchange in an electronic form, and are therefore called Electronic Payment. E-Payment system is secure there should be no threat to the user credit card number, smart card or other personal detail, payment can be carried out without involvement of third party, It makes E payment at any time through the internet directly to the transfer settlement and form E-business environment. Studied have been carried out on E-Payment system .E-Payment system an integral part of electronic commerce.An efficient payments system reduces the cost of exchanging goods and services, and is indispensable to the functioning of the interbank, money, and capital markets. Questions are related to E-Payment system in which given options are Agree, Disagree, Strongly disagree, Strongly agree, Neutral. After analysis and comparison of various modes of electronic payment systems, it is revealed that it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to suggest that which payment system is best. Some systems are quite similar, and differ only in some minor details. Thus there are number of factors which affect the usage of e-commerce payment systems. Among all these user base is most important success of e-commerce payment systems also depends on consumer preferences, ease of use, cost, industry agreement, authorization, security, authentication, non-refutability, accessibility and reliability and anonymity and public policy
Keywords: Credit card, Debit card, Digital Wallet, E-cheque, Smart Card

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Karamjeet Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, "E-Payment System on E-Commerce in India"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of bulk traps and gate contact materials on the electrical parameters of FD-SOI device
  Prateek Bindra
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of study is to find out the effect of bulk traps on various electrical parameters of Full Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) devices, namely, threshold voltage, sub-threshold slope, generation recombination (G-R) current. G-R current depends mainly on the process of fabrication of semiconductor. So, this current involves impurities or traps. In this paper, we modeled FD-SOI using different contact materials, namely, n-polysilicon, Pallidium (Pd), Platinum (Pt), and Tungsten (W), Copper. Iron (Fe) is added as a deep level traps in bulk and generation- recombination current is calculated for various trap density and process parameters.
Keywords: Bulk traps, Contacts, FDSOI, Threshold voltage.

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Prateek Bindra, "Effect of bulk traps and gate contact materials on the electrical parameters of FD-SOI device" Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The decision method of basic fuzzy soft set in the application of the asphalt pavement maintenance sorting
  WU Congliang, LI Chunge, Duan xiaolan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In order to determine the order of pavement maintenance plan, according to the survey data of pavement condition: road surface roughness, deflection, pavement damage condition and traffic volume, combined with related soft sets theory, this paper put forward a new decision making method about determination of pavement maintenance scheduling by fuzzy soft set. At last, using the method, combining with example to sort project that need maintenance, the same sort results with other methods are obtained, and the feasibility, ease and simplicity of this method are proved.
Keywords: asphalt pavement, maintenance sorting, soft set, decision-making method

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WU Congliang, LI Chunge, Duan xiaolan, "The decision method of basic fuzzy soft set in the application of the asphalt pavement maintenance sorting"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• CFD Study for the Optimization of the Drying Process of Foundry Moulds used in the Production of Wind Turbine Components
  Giovanni Luca Di Muoio, Alessandro Della Rocca, Niels Skat Tiedje
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In order to drive down the cost of wind turbine cast components, the optimization of each production step is necessary. In particular, foundry moulds used for the production of cast components undergo a process of drying needed to avoid quality problems in the final parts. In order to reduce drying times forced convection by the use of fans is needed. In this work we perform Computational Fluid Dynamic studies with the aim to optimize the drying process for mould geometries typically used for the production of wind turbine components. Representative geometries are modelled in a 3D software, imported in a fluid flow solver and complete Navier-Stokes equations coupled with energy transport equations are solved. Velocity profiles from shop floor measurements are used as boundary conditions for the problem. Finally surface heat exchange coefficients are determined and results analyzed. Results show that it is possible to use this methodology to optimize the drying process, and determine areas of the moulds that are more difficult to dry than others. Optimal fan arrangement for typical geometries are also provided.
Keyword: CFD Simulation, Drying, Foundry Moulds, Wind Turbine Components, Quality, CAE

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Giovanni Luca Di Muoio, Alessandro Della Rocca, Niels Skat Tiedje, "CFD Study for the Optimization of the Drying Process of Foundry Moulds used in the Production of Wind Turbine Components"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), Internationsal Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Nanomaterial-Based Soft Electronics for Healthcare Applications
  Siddangouda Hosamani, Janappa R. Hugar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to their distinct benefits over traditional rigid electronics, soft digital equipment, particularly for smart healthcare, have been the subject of much study during the past 10 years. These benefits include conformal interactions on target tissues including the skin, heart, and brain in addition to a high degree of deformability that reduces unwelcome inflammatory reactions. For wearable and implantable implants, several strategies have been used to achieve mechanically soft but multi - functional high-performance electronics. These include designed gathering of high-quality nanomaterials, the fusion of unconventional production processes with existing tiny processing techniques, new device design features with deformable structures, and more and system-level integration of various soft electronics tailored to specific diseases. We describe current developments in soft digital....
Keyword: Nano Materials, Nano Technology, Electronics, healthcare, integrations

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Siddangouda Hosamani, Janappa R. Hugar "Nanomaterial-Based Soft Electronics for Healthcare Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), Internationsal Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-2

• Performance Evaluation and Simulation of OFDM in Optical Communication Systems
  Mary Anjaley Josy John, Gokul P G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is of prime importance nowadays in long haul communication networks because of its higher spectral efficiency, immunity to multipath fading and its resilience to interference. Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is considered as a promising technology to satisfy the increased demand for bandwidth in broadband services. It is of two types based on the detection techniques employed. They are direct detection and coherent detection. In direct detection OFDM, a photodiode is used while in the latter the principle of optical mixing is utilized. This paper investigates the architecture of single channel and four channel direct detection and coherent detection optical OFDM systems and carries out performance analysis based on bit error rate and Q-factor. In the case of single channels, a date rate of 10 Gbps is achieved while in 4 channel systems a data rate of 40 Gbps is achieved. Coherent Optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) is the next generation technology for the optical communications, since it integrates the advantages of both coherent systems and OFDM systems.
Keywords: BER, CO-OFDM, IFFT, MZM, OFDM, QAM.

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Mary Anjaley Josy John, Gokul P G, "Performance Evaluation and Simulation of OFDM in Optical Communication Systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Perceptual Orientation for Housing Interior Walls Finishes Choice and Preference
  Dr. ZINAS, Bako Zachariah & ABUBAKAR, Aliyu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Housing interior walls are decorated and finished with various decorative materials of paints of varying properties ranging from texture to coloration. In choosing the preferred finishing and decorative materials, housing owners, users and prospective owners have attendant underlying factors and reasons for their choices. These choice activities usually provoke and invoke certain perceptual orientations that underlie the choices. These perceptual orientations are normally very complex and can only be disentangled by elicitation. This paper presents perceptual orientations of prospective house owners‟ choice and preference for interior walls finishes in Yola, Nigeria. The study was conducted within the theoretical and conceptual framework of means-end chain (MEC) model. 15 prospective house owners were interviewed using the laddering interviewing technique after a structured questionnaire survey was carried out. The results showed that twelve (12) identified unique perceptual orientation pathways were established, motivated by four (4) user values, and intervened by four (4) expected functional affordances. The findings disentangled the design expectations of housing users/owners for finishing their housing interiors which can be pointers for designers and Architects for their design processes and decisions.
Keywords: housing interior walls, Means-End Chain, Laddering technique, perceptual orientation, & housing choice and preference.

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Dr. ZINAS, Bako Zachariah & ABUBAKAR, Aliyu, "Perceptual Orientation for Housing Interior Walls Finishes Choice and Preference"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Cooling Of Power Converters by Natural Convection
  Saâd Zouitene, Souad Harmand, Laurent Remmerie, Tewfik Benazzouz, Felice Cardarelli
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper discusses the numerical analysis of the effect of a discontinuous heat flux on heat transfer by natural convection along a vertical flat plate or in a rectangular channel. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of a discrete distribution of the heat flux on the cooling of twelve resistors, which represent electronic components, that are mounted on an aluminium vertical plate. The results of the simulations show that the distribution of the heat flux significantly influences the heat transfer.

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Saâd Zouitene, Souad Harmand, Laurent Remmerie, Tewfik Benazzouz, Felice Cardarelli, "Cooling Of Power Converters by Natural Convection"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Approach to Calculate Reusability in Source Code Using Metrics
  Rohit Patidar, Prof. Virendra Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Reusability is an only one best direction to increase developing productivity and maintainability of application. One must first search for good tested software component and reusable. Developed Application software by one programmer can be shown useful for others also component. This is proving that code specifics to application requirements can be also reused in develop projects related with same requirements. The main aim of this paper proposed a way for reusable module. An process that takes source code as a input that will helped to take the decision approximately which particular software, reusable artefacts should be reused or not.
Key words: software reuse, reusability, metrics, CK metrics, cyclomatic complexity

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Rohit Patidar, Prof. Virendra Singh, "An Approach to Calculate Reusability in Source Code Using Metrics"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study of Density Based Clustering Techniques on Data Streams
  Darshali Thoriya, Madhu Shukla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Data streams are generated by many real time systems. Data stream is fast changing and massive. In stream data mining traditional methods are not efficient so that many methodologies developed to stream data processing. Many applications require data into groups based on its characteristics. So clustering on data streams is applied. Clustering of non liner data density based clustering is used. Review of clustering algorithm and methodologies is represented and evaluated if they meet requirement of users. Study of density based clustering algorithm is presented here because of advantages of density based clustering method over other clustering method.
Keywords: Data Streams, Clustering, Density Based Clustering, Algorithms, Non Linear Data Base component

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Darshali Thoriya, Madhu Shukla, "Study of Density Based Clustering Techniques on Data Streams"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Flexible Broadcasting of Scalable Video Streams in Broadband Wireless System
  D. Lavanya, V. Uma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a novel cross-layer optimization framework to improve the quality of user experience (QOE) and energy efficiency of the heterogeneous wireless multimedia broadcast receivers. User grouping is based on the respective UE resolution capabilities and received SNR. A UE capability is determined by the BS at the time of service subscription, when the UE sends its type information, i.e., the number of layers it wants to receive. The UE periodically updated its channel condition to the BS through the uplink channel. This joint optimization is achieved by grouping the users based on their device capabilities and estimated channel conditions experienced by them and broadcasting adaptive content to these groups. The adaptive multimedia content is obtained by using scalable video coding (SVC) with optimal source encoding parameters resulted from an innovative cooperative game. Energy saving at user terminals results from using a layer-aware time slicing approach in the transmission stage. Time slicing approach allows discontinuous reception at the UEs, thereby facilitating the UE to turn-off the radio when not receiving data bursts and hence saving energy. A trade-off between energy saving and QOE is observed, and is incorporated in the definition of a utility function of the players in the formulated heterogeneous user composition and physical channel aware game. An adaptive modulation and coding scheme is also optimally incorporated in order to maximize the reception quality of the broadcast receivers, while maximizing the network broadcast capacity.

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D. Lavanya, V. Uma, "Flexible Broadcasting of Scalable Video Streams in Broadband Wireless System"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Earthquake Proof 'Tokyo Sky-Tree'- Bringing New Possibilities for Modern Architecture
  T. Sai Shiva Prasad, P. Pranoosha , U. Sai Abhisaik Goud
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The pagodas have always fascinated the people who see them. Not only are they interesting, but they also represent the essence of science and architecture which was used in the olden days. Thus, bringing new possibilities for modern architecture. The world's tallest tower and Japan's biggest new landmark, The Tokyo Sky-tree is one among them which remains unaffected when the earthquake strikes. In our paper, we are going to review the construction technologies used in building this massive tower and compare it to the traditional Chinese pagodas.
Key-terms— seismic forces, micro-motion array observation, oil damper

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T. Sai Shiva Prasad, P. Pranoosha , U. Sai Abhisaik Goud, "The Earthquake Proof 'Tokyo Sky-Tree'- Bringing New Possibilities for Modern Architecture"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Survey Ondecision Tree Learning Algorithms for Knowledge Discovery
  C. V. P. R. Prasad, Dr. Bhanu Prakash Battula
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Theimmense volumes of data are populated into repositories from various applications. In order to find out desired information and knowledge from large datasets, the data mining techniques are very much helpful. Classification is one of the knowledge discovery techniques. In Classification, Decision trees are very popular in research community due to simplicity and easy comprehensibility. This paper presentsan updated review of recent developments in the field of decision trees.
Index terms: Knowledge Discovery, Data Mining, Classification, Decision Trees.

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C. V. P. R. Prasad, Dr. Bhanu Prakash Battula, "A Survey Ondecision Tree Learning Algorithms for Knowledge Discovery"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mobile Relay Configuration in Data-Intensuive Wireless Sensor with Three Routing Protocols to Mobile Nodes Networks
  Mohamed Hafizuddin, M.Janaki Pratima, M.Srija, Chandaka Babi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless sensor network are increasingly used in data-intensive applications such as micro-climate monitoring, precision agriculture and audio/video surveillance. A key challenges faced by data-intensive wsn's is to transmit all the data generated with an application's lifetime to the base station despite the fact that sensor nodes have limited power supply. We propose using low-cost disposable mobile really and our work in the following aspects First, it does not require complex motion planning of mobile nodes. Second we integrate the energy consumption due to both mobility and wireless transmission. Our framework consists of first algorithm computes an optimal routing tree. The second, we integrate the energy consumption due to both mobility and wireless transmissions .The second algorithm improves the topology of the routing tree by greedily adding new nodes. The third algorithm improves the routing tree by relocating its nodes without changing its topology. Frequently forming a network topology without the use of any existing network infrastructure. We compare the performance of the three prominent routing protocols for the mobile relay is Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector (ADVO), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Temporally Ordered Routing Protocols (TORA). We have chosen four performance metrics such as Average Delay, Packet Delivery Fraction, Routing load and varying Mobility nodes, simulation for the popular routing protocols AODV, DSDV, and TORA. The simulation is carried out on NS-2. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network size and simulations times. The simulation results confirm that ADVO performs well in terms of Average Delay, Packet Delivery Fraction. As far as routing load concers TORA performs well.
Index terms Wireless sensor networks, energy optimization, mobile nodes, wireless routing, Ad-hoc Network, Average Delay, Performance Analysis, Routing Protocols, simulation.

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Mohamed Hafizuddin, M.Janaki Pratima, M.Srija, Chandaka Babi, "Mobile Relay Configuration in Data-Intensuive Wireless Sensor with Three Routing Protocols to Mobile Nodes Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory System
  Mr. Mudit Goenka, Miss. Anumeha Srivastava, Prof. Sushant Pawar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In today's fast growing communication environment and rapid exchange of data in networking field has triggered us to develop a home based remote supervisory monitoring system. In the present paper the physiological parameters of the patient such as body temperature, ECG, Pulse rate and Oxygen Saturation is displayed in MATLAB graphical user interface which is processed using ARM7 LPC2138. In case any emergency persist and parameters goes abnormal over the optimum level then a buzzer will ring to alert the caretaker. And the vital parameters will be displayed on the patient side computer and an automatic SMS will be sent to the doctor using GSM interface.
Key words: ECG, Pulse Rate, Temperature, Oxygen Saturation ARM processor, GSM module, MATLAB

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Mr. Mudit Goenka, Miss. Anumeha Srivastava, Prof. Sushant Pawar, "Design and Implementation of Real Time Remote Supervisory System"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Operating Conditions on CSTR performance: an Experimental Study
  Mohd Danish, Mohammed K. Al Mesfer, Md Mamoon Rashid
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work, Saponification reaction of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide is studied experimentally in a continuous stirred tank reactor at 1 atmospheric pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of operating conditions on the conversion and specific rate constant. The parameters considered for analysis are temperature, feed flow rate, residence time, volume of reactor and stirrer rate. The steady state conversion of 0.45 achieved after a period of 30 minutes. Conversion decreases with increase of reactant flow rate due to decrease of residence time. The stirrer rate has a positive effect on the conversion and rate constant. Specific rate constant and conversion increase with temperature within the studied temperature range. Within the range of reactor volume selected for analysis, conversion increases with increase in reactor volume. The results obtained in this study may be helpful in maximizing the conversion of ethyl acetate saponification reaction at industrial scale in a CSTR.
Keywords: Conductivity, Conversion, CSTR, Hydrolysis, Saponification.

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Mohd Danish, Mohammed K. Al Mesfer, Md Mamoon Rashid, "Effect of Operating Conditions on CSTR performance: an Experimental Study"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Novel Approaches for Robotic Control Using Flex Sensor
  Sangeetha.P, Deepika R, Chethana Gosal S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of the project is to develop the Prosthetic robotic hand using flex sensor for amputees. The main aim of the project is to develop the robotic hand that performs pick and place activities. Here we are using flex sensors to sense the signals from artificial hand signal is transmitted and that signal is used to drive the mechanical hand. Stroke is the third leading cause of the death. Nearly 7, 00,000 people suffered from stroke last year and 2/3 rd of them survived but were left with many number of disabilities; one such disability is upper extremity hemiplegia. If the hand and the arm do not have therapy immediately after stroke, it will lose its power and muscle control, resulting in a claw like appearance and loss of function. Activities of the patient, daily living activities will be significantly affected.Prosthetic hand must resemble human hand in size and shape and must perform like human hand.

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Sangeetha.P, Deepika R, Chethana Gosal S, "Novel Approaches for Robotic Control Using Flex Sensor"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Relationship between Psychological Health, Self-Confidence and Locus of Control (Internal-External) In Female Education Employees in Mashhad
  M. Modarres Gharavi and R. Amiran Begum
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The main objective of this research is study of self-confidence level relation and control source (internal-external) and the psychological health of employed women. The principal hypothesis is that there is a relation between self-confidence and control source and psychological health of employed women. The statistics population of this study includes all women employed in Education region 4 in Mashhad city. The sample number selected for performing the test of this survey includes 100 employed women that their sampling method is available and purposeful. After gathering and analyzing scores and interpreting the performed tests, results signify that the main hypothesis has been confirmed. Thus, it could be said that according the results of this study psychological health has significant relation with self-confidence. It means that if an individual's mental health is high, his/her self-confidence is also high and vice versa. Also mental health has a relation with control source. Of course, concerning the control source it was demonstrated that people with an internal control source have a higher mental health.
Keywords: mental health, self-confidence, control source (internal and external), employed women

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M. Modarres Gharavi and R. Amiran Begum, "The Relationship between Psychological Health, Self-Confidence and Locus of Control (Internal-External) In Female Education Employees in Mashhad"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Laboratory Analysis of Fly Ash Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement
  Er.Amit Kumar Ahirwar, Prof. Rajesh Joshi, Er. Kapil Soni
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the engineering properties of fly ash cement concrete for rigid pavement construction. Results have shown that 30% of fly ash and 70% of cement has a superior performance. In addition, the use of fly ash would result in reduction of the cost of cement which is usually expensive in all construction materials. High strength of concrete can be made by this and the further integration of admixture or alternate adds to improve the properties of concrete. Test result of specimens indicates that the workability and strength chacteristcs are changed due to incorporation with fly ash. Slump test having an appropriate workable mix of a concrete, gave sufficient compressive strength and flexural strength. Test results of 28 days specimens have graphically interpolated for the different results and so that to calculate the optimum content of fly ash.
Keywords: Fly ash, concrete mix, construction material, rigid pavement.

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Er.Amit Kumar Ahirwar, Prof. Rajesh Joshi, Er. Kapil Soni, "Laboratory Analysis of Fly Ash Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Driverless Vehicles: Future Outlook on Intelligent Transportation
  Akshay Ahuja, Ashu Gautam, Nidhi Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Numerous technologies have been deployed to assist and manage transportation .But recent concerted efforts in academia andindustry point to a paradigm shift in intelligent transportation systems. Vehicles will carry computing and communication platforms,and will have enhanced sensing capabilities .They will enable new versatile systemsthat enhance transportation efficiency. This article surveys the sate-of-art approaches towards the future outlook on intelligent transportation. Current capabilities as well as limitations and opportunities of key enabling technologies are reviewed along with details of numerous notable projects that have been done around the world. Finally report also reviews the legal and regulatory uncertainties.

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Akshay Ahuja, Ashu Gautam, Nidhi Sharma, "Driverless Vehicles: Future Outlook on Intelligent Transportation"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Waste Metal For Improving Concrete Performance And Utilisation As An Alternative Of Reinforcement Bar
  Tanvir Qureshi, Mustaq Ahmed
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Waste material disposal is considered as a difficult issue to adopt in current world. Waste metal, which has been recognised as a major problem in the environment and resource deficiency, could have important implications in the concrete construction industries. Waste metal utilisation in construction of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) works is immerging in recent time. Construction industries are looking for cost effective structural materials and utilisation of renewable materials. Metal waste such as chips of tin, still and other metal fragments which is abandoned and spread in the environment could be utilize as a replacement of traditional steel reinforcement bar in the RCC. In this experiment, three different types of waste metal have been compared with commercial 40, 60 and 72 graded steel reinforcement bar. Compressive strength class of C25 concrete was used in the experiment and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating different waste metal were investigated in the first stage. Finally, three-point bend test on short beam was performed to compare their performances. Smaller metal fragments has shown better performance through micro crack bridging in concrete during loading stage and hence better than ordinary reinforcement concrete structure in some extent..
Keywords: fiber reinforcement, metal waste, micro-crack bridging, reinforcement grade.

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Tanvir Qureshi, Mustaq Ahmed, "Waste Metal For Improving Concrete Performance And Utilisation As An Alternative Of Reinforcement Bar"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Influence Of Infinite Impedance Flanges On The Electromagnetic Field Of A Plane Waveguide
  Jean-François D. Essiben, Eric R. Hedin, and Yong S. Joe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The problem of analysis of the electromagnetic field behaviour from the open end of the parallel-plate waveguide with infinite impedance flanges is theoretically investigated. The case with the absence of impedance flanges is also considered. Furthermore, we take into account particular features of the waveguide edges. The effects of the impedance flanges and the edge features on the electromagnetic field and the radiation patterns of a plane waveguide with flanges are demonstrated. The method of moments (MoM) technique which was used to solve the integral equations is presented along with the numerical results.
Keywords: Impedance, method of moment, radiation pattern, waveguide.

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Jean-François D. Essiben, Eric R. Hedin, and Yong S. Joe, "The Influence Of Infinite Impedance Flanges On The Electromagnetic Field Of A Plane Waveguide"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Development of User-Friendly Software to Design Dairy Heat Exchanger and Performance Evaluation
  DipankarMandal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper proposes a calculation algorithm and development of a software in Visual Basic(Visual Studio 2012 Express Desktop) used in heat transfer studies when different heat exchangers are involved (e.g. Helical Type Triple Tube Heat Exchanger , Plate Type Heat Exchanger).It includes the easy calculation of heat transfer co-efficient and followed by the design and simulation of heat exchanger design parameter by inputting general known parameters of a heat exchanger into the developed software—-―DAIRY –HE ―. A parametric study is conducted using the software interface to determine the length of tubes or dimensions of heat exchanger.
Keywords: Heat Exchanger, Triple Tube Concentric Helical Heat Exchanger, Double Tube Concentric Helical Heat Exchanger, Plate Type Heat Exchanger, Algorithm.

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DipankarMandal, "Development of User-Friendly Software to Design Dairy Heat Exchanger and Performance Evaluation"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Microcontroller based Integrated Circuit Tester
  Yousif Taha Yousif Elamin, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The digital integrated circuit (IC) tester is implemented by using the ATmega32 microcontroller . The microcontroller processes the inputs and outputs and displays the results on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The basic function of the digital IC tester is to test a digital IC for correct logical functioning as described in the truth table and/or function table. The designed model can test digital ICs having 14 pins. Since it is programmable, any number of ICs can be tested . This model applies the necessary signals to the inputs of the IC, monitoring the outputs at each stage and comparing them with the outputs in the truth table. Any discrepancy in the functioning of the IC results in a fail indication, displays the faulty and good gates on the LCD. The testing procedure is accomplished with the help of keypad keys present on the main board design. The test has been accomplished with most commonly used digital IC's, mainly belonging to the 74 series. Digital IC tester tests three samples of IC's ( NAND, NOT, NOR). The design is flexible . We can add extra IC bases and subroutines to test any other IC in the 74 series.
Keywords: IC tester , ATmega32 , microcontroller , LCD , , keypad , 74 series , gates

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Yousif Taha Yousif Elamin, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi, "Microcontroller based Integrated Circuit Tester"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Neural Network Algorithm for Radar Signal Recognition
  Mussab Elamien Abd Elmaggeed, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, the traditional recognition method could not match the development of radar signals. In this paper, based on fractal theory and Neural Network, a new radar signal recognition algorithm is presented. The relevant point is extracted as the input of neutral network, and then it will recognize and classify the signals. Simulation results show that, this algorithm has a distinguish effect on classification under the condition of low SNR.
Keywords: Signal Recognition; Fractal Theory; Neural Network.

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Mussab Elamien Abd Elmaggeed, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi, "Neural Network Algorithm for Radar Signal Recognition"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Electronic Control of Unguided Airborne Vehicle (UAV)
  Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed, Abdelrasoul jabar Alzubaidi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper deals with building an electronic remote control circuit for Unguided Airborne Vehicle (UAV) based on implementing Dual Tone Multiple Frequency decoder ( DTMF) .A microcontroller is used in the design to analyze and execute the commands arriving to the UAV . A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD ) is implemented to show the results during the circuit development and test phase. The control of the UAV is done from the ground using a mobile or a personnel computer (PC) supplied with a modem. The DTMF decoder output is connected to the microcontroller which analyzes the commands and accordingly execute them on the control parts in the UAV . The microcontroller issues orders and display the operations on the LCD . The circuit design assumes the presence of an operating GSM network for the transmission of the control commands .The airborne platform model is a small aircraft carrying the electronic circuit on board. Three stepper motors are used as a means of control to the wings, elevators and rudders in the UAV. .The electronic circuit on board the UAV is well protected to ensue safety of the hardware and perfect performance.
Keyword: microcontroller ,LCD , GSM , DTMF, Control , UAV . .

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Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed, Abdelrasoul jabar Alzubaidi, "Electronic Control of Unguided Airborne Vehicle (UAV)"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), Internationsal Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

• A Stochastic Model of Reliability for Bivariate Gamma Distributions with the Levels and Circadian Rhythmicity of Acth As A Function of Alcoholism Due To Human Stress
  Dr. S. Shunmugapriya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The theoretical study for the effect of stress on ACTH levels of individuals with a family history of alcoholism may present a dysfunction in the activity of the HPA axis is investigated. The stress strength model describes the life of a component which has a random strength Y and is subjected to a random stress X. R =P_r (X< Y) is a measure of the component reliability is used to find the levels of ACTH, Cortisol and b-endorphin.
Keywords: ACTH, CORTISOL, b ENDORPHIN, GAMMA DISTRIBUTIONS

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Dr. S. Shunmugapriya, "A Stochastic Model of Reliability for Bivariate Gamma Distributions with the Levels and Circadian Rhythmicity of Acth As A Function of Alcoholism Due To Human Stress"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Neural Network Based Parking via Google Map Guidance
  A.Saranya, Mr.R.Balamurugan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) focus to generate and spread creative services related to different transport modes for traffic management and hence enables the passenger informed about the traffic and to use the transport networks in a better way. Intelligent Trip Modeling System (ITMS) uses machine learning to forecast the traveling speed profile for a selected route based on the traffic information available at the trip starting time. The intelligent Parking Information Guidance System provides an eminent Neural Network based intelligence system which provides automatic allocate ion of parking's through the Global Information system across the path of the users travel. In this project using efficient lookup table searches and a Lagrange-multiplier bisection search, Computational Optimized Allocation Algorithm converges faster to the optimal solution than existing techniques. The purpose of this project is to simulate and implement a real parking environment that allocates vacant parking slots using Allocation algorithm.
Index Terms: Neural networks (NNs), traffic data, trip , and parking slot.

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A.Saranya, Mr.R.Balamurugan, "Neural Network Based Parking via Google Map Guidance"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Multipath Connection Model for Traffic Matrices
  Mr. M. V. Prabhakaran, B. Lakshmi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications have witnessed an increasing popularity in recent years, which brings new challenges to network management and traffic engineering (TE). As basic input information, P2P traffic matrices are of significant importance for TE. Because of the excessively high cost of direct measurement. In this paper,A multipath connection model for traffic matrices in operational networks. Media files can share the peer to peer, the localization ratio of peer to peer traffic. This evaluates its performance using traffic traces collected from both the real peer to peer video-on-demand and file-sharing applications. The estimation of the general traffic matrices (TM) then used for sending the media file without traffic. Share the media file, source to destination traffic is not occur. So it give high performance and short time process.
Index Terms: Traffic matrix, peer-to-peer (P2P), traffic engineering

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Mr. M. V. Prabhakaran, B. Lakshmi, "A Multipath Connection Model for Traffic Matrices"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigating On Use of Different Blends of White Grape Seed Biodiesel and Diesel on 4 - Stroke Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine
  C. Sreedhar, Dr. B. Durga Prasad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Diesel engine is an internal combustion engine which has made life easy and faster in today's modern life. These engines are consuming lot of diesel fuel and have been substantially increasing the atmospheric pollution. There is a concern over the availability of diesel fuel a derivative of fossil fuel, as these sources are limited and in near future they may get exhausted. Hence, there is a need for an alternative source of fuel which is abundant and environmentally friendly. A promising renewable and clean burning diesel replacement is biodiesel fuel. This is an alternative fuel made by different methods like standard base-catalysed transesterification, pyrolysis, thermal cracking etc., An alternative method called catalytic cracking, a fast reaction process is investigated for production of quantitative and qualitative biodiesel. Among many available catalysts, alumina catalyst is selected for production of biodiesel. Catalytic cracking process is carried out on white grape seed oil to convert it into white grape seed biodiesel. On production of biodiesel, physicochemical properties are tested and compared with diesel. Biodiesel thus obtained is a very near quality diesel fuel as per ASTM standards this can be used in the existing diesel engines. Experimental work is carried out on a single cylinder [Kirloskar TV-1 (DI), Water cooled, 4-Stroke] diesel engine with diesel fuel and also with biodiesel blended in various proportions with diesel at different engine loads. On analysis, it is inferred that there is a minimal deviation in engine characteristics with white grape seed biodiesel and with its blends when compared to characteristics of engine fueled with diesel. This gives a scope for further research to be carried out with other catalysts to produce biodiesel with different vegetable or animal fat based oils.
Key words: Alumina, Biodiesel, Catalytic cracking, Engine characteristics.

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C. Sreedhar, Dr. B. Durga Prasad, "Investigating On Use of Different Blends of White Grape Seed Biodiesel and Diesel on 4 - Stroke Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation of various orthogonal wavelets for precise analysis of X-ray images
  Prof. G.Sasi Bhushana Rao, P.M.K.Prasad, M.N.V.S.S Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Now-a-days X-rays are playing very important role in medicine. One of the most important applications of X-ray is detecting fractures in bones. X-ray provides important information about the type and location of the fracture. Sometimes it is not possible to detect the fractures in X-rays with naked eye. So it needs further processing to detect the fractures even at minute levels. To detect minute fractures, in this paper various edge feature extraction methods are analyzed which helps medical practitioners to study the bone structure, detects the bone fracture, measurement of fracture treatment, and treatment planning prior to surgery. The classical derivative edge detection operators such as Roberts, Prewitt, sobel, Laplacian of Gaussian can be used as edge detectors, but a lot of false edge information will be extracted. Therefore a technique based on orthogonal wavelet transforms like Haar, daubechies, coiflet, symlets are applied to detect the edges and are compared. Among all the methods, Haar wavelet transform method performs well in detecting the edges with better quality. The various performance metrics like Ratio of Edge pixels to size of image (REPS), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and computation time are compared for various wavelets.
Keywords: Edge detection, Multi-resolution analysis, orthogonal wavelet, Wavelet transforms

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Prof. G.Sasi Bhushana Rao, P.M.K.Prasad, M.N.V.S.S Kumar, "Investigation of various orthogonal wavelets for precise analysis of X-ray images"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mathematical Modeling of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Applications in High Speed Real-time Communication Systems
  Dr. S. V. A. V Prasad, Anshu Thakur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We are moving forward in an era where adaptive antenna arrays will be capable of identifying the direction of the incoming signal and steering the transmitted beam in appropriate directions. It has already been proposed that Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) can be good candidates for such applications. In this paper, we have carefully analyzed the theoretical model of a DRA and have proposed various mathematical methods for its analysis. The methods proposed herein can reduce the complexity of analysis and design of circuits involving DRAs.
Key Words— Dielectric Resonator Array (DRA), Antenna Arrays, Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Mathematical Modelling

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Dr. S. V. A. V Prasad, Anshu Thakur, "Mathematical Modeling of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Applications in High Speed Real-time Communication Systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance Analysis of DRA Based OFDM Data Transmission With Respect to Novel High Speed RS Decoding
  Dr. S. V. A. V Prasad, Anshu Thakur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance characteristics of OFDM data transmission with regard to a new high speed RS decoding algorithm. The various characteristics identified are mainly speed and accuracy of the transmission irrespective of channel behaviour. We consider two cases viz. data transmission without error control and data transmission with error control. Each of these cases are duly analyzed and it is proven that high speed RS decoding algorithms can actually benefit OFDM data transmission for advanced communication systems only if implemented at the hardware (VLSI) level because of significant processing overhead involved in software based implementation even though the algorithm may have lower computational complexity.
Key Words— RS Decoder, OFDM, MATLAB, Scientific Computing & Simulation, Data Communication

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Dr. S. V. A. V Prasad, Anshu Thakur, "Performance Analysis of DRA Based OFDM Data Transmission With Respect to Novel High Speed RS Decoding"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Assessment of Water Quality of Lakes for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India
  Sumant Kumar, N.C. Ghosh, R.P. Singh, Mahesh M. Sonkusare, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Mittal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Lake water is an important source for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes in rural and urban India. The present study aims at evaluating the water quality of various lakes in Raipur city, Chhatisgarh. There existed 154 lakes in the city but it shrinked to 85 in number due to encroachment or drying up of lakes. Twenty seven prominent lakes are selected to study and evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples were collected and analysed for pH, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Sodium(Na⁺), Potassium(K⁺), Potassium(K⁺), Calcium(Ca²⁺), Magnesium(Mg²⁺), Bicarbonate(HCO3^-), Sulphate (SO₄^2-), Nitrate (NO₃⁻),Phosphate(PO₄^3-) Fluoride(F^-), Chloride (Cl⁻), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). There are variations for pH (6.59-8.29), EC (382-2330μS/cm), Turbidity (1-232 NTU), TDS (244-1491 mg/L), Alkalinity (120-600 mg/L), Hardness (66-330mg/L), Na⁺(37-430 mg/L), K⁺ (8-253 mg/L), Ca²⁺ (9-90 mg/L), Mg²⁺(3-26 mg/L), SO₄^2- (5-200 mg/L), NO³-(0-19 mg/L), PO₄^3-(0.19-5.3 mg/L), F^-(0.18-1.41 mg/L) and Cl^- (46-388 mg/L), DO(1-8.6 mg/L), BOD (0.1-11.3 mg/L), COD (8-118 mg/L), Total Coliform( 15-3600 MPN/100ml) and Fecal Coliform (4-240 MPN/100 ml). The results have been compared with the drinking water standard prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS). All the physiochemical parameters are within the prescribed limit except turbidity, fecal & total coliform. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and salinity hazards are studied to classify the water for irrigation uses. It is found that lake water is suitable for irrigation purposes.
keywords: Lake, water quality, drinking, irrigation, Raipur

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Sumant Kumar, N.C. Ghosh, R.P. Singh, Mahesh M. Sonkusare, Surjeet Singh, Sanjay Mittal, "Assessment of Water Quality of Lakes for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Growth and Characterization of Barium doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Single Crystal
  A. C. Sajikumar, S.Vinu and C. Krishnan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Non Linear Optical materials have acquired new significance with the advent of a large number of devices utilizing solid state Laser sources. Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate one of the Non Linear Optical material having superior non linear optical properties has been exploited for variety of application. In the present work, KHP single crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique with Barium metal ion as a dopant. The grown crystals were subjected to powder XRD analysis and the result shows that the Ba2+ ions does not alter the crystal structure, but it enter into the crystal lattice of pure KHP. The optical transparency of the grown crystal was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, the molecular structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis and its thermal stability by TG/DTA analysis. The improved SHG efficiency of barium doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate crystal could enhance the nonlinearity behaviour. In addition to this, the electrical parameter such as dielectric constant was studied in detail.
Keywords Crystal Growth, Dielectric constant, FTIR, KHP, SHG, Thermal studies, UV, XRD.

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A. C. Sajikumar, S.Vinu and C. Krishnan, "Growth and Characterization of Barium doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Single Crystal"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Performance Analysis of OSTBC MIMO Using Precoder with ZF & MMSE Equalizer
  Abhijit Singh Thakur, Prof.Nitin Jain, Prof. Rupesh Dubey
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, a bit error rate analysis is presented for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system with finite-bit feedback is considered in PSK modulation technique, where a transmit signal consists of a rotational precoder followed by an orthogonal space–time block code (OSTBC) which achieve full diversity when a linear receiver, such as, zeroforcing (ZF) or minimum mean square (MMSE), is used. By choosing different parameters, codes with different symbol rates and orthogonally can be obtained .In this paper, we compare the performance of a family of space-time codes. Simulations show how the precoders obtained by our proposed criterion and method perform better bit error rate reduction compared to the existing ones.
Index Term: Finitebit feedback, multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) systems, Orthogonal space-timeblock code (OSTBC), rotational based precoders.

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Abhijit Singh Thakur, Prof.Nitin Jain, Prof. Rupesh Dubey, "Performance Analysis of OSTBC MIMO Using Precoder with ZF & MMSE Equalizer"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Protection of Cables by Solkor Differential Protection Relay with Fibre Optic Pilot Wireor Metallic Pilot Wire
  Ahmed Rashad .E. Bakr, KhaledI.M.Alduraie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper intends to briefly compare the protection of buried three phase high voltage cable with Solkordifferential protection relay using metallic pilot wires orfibre optic pilot wires. Dielectric property of the fiber optic provides complete electrical isolation as well as interference free signaling. This provides total immunity from GPR (ground potential rise), longitudinal induction, and differential mode noise coupling andhigh-voltage hazards to personnel safety.
Keywords: Fiber optic pilot wires, Metallic pilot wires, Solkor Differential Protection Relay

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Ahmed Rashad .E. Bakr, KhaledI.M.Alduraie, "A Study on Protection of Cables by Solkor Differential Protection Relay with Fibre Optic Pilot Wireor Metallic Pilot Wire"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Laboratory Investigation of Conventional Asphalt Mix Using Shell Thiopave for Indian Roads
  Jayaprakash B, Maneeth P D, Brijbhushan S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The characteristic performance of asphalt pavement always depends on the properties of bitumen, volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures. Bitumen is visco– elastic material where the temperature and rate of load application have a great influence on its behavior. There are different solutions to reduce the pavement distress such as using Thiopave (binder extender and asphalt mixture modifier) in the mix design. Thiopave can significantly alter the performance properties of the mix and it is helpful to extend the life span of pavement. In this study, investigating use of thiopave and the change in the performance properties is dependent both on the percentage of virgin binder using VG-30 bitumen that is substituted with thiopave with different percentages. The study indicated that 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of binder was done with thiopave. The most notable impact of the addition of thiopave to a bituminous mixture is an increase in the stiffness of the mixture for better resistance to fatigue cracking and rutting. Thiopave materials can have a positive impact on laboratory mixture performance. The addition of thiopave has been shown to significantly increase Marshall Stability. From this study it is observed that thiopave can be utilized up to 30% to 40% as replacement to bitumen.
Keywords: Aggregates; Filler; Bitumen; Shell Thiopave

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Jayaprakash B, Maneeth P D, Brijbhushan S, "Laboratory Investigation of Conventional Asphalt Mix Using Shell Thiopave for Indian Roads"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Reliability Analysis of Slope Stability by Central Point Method
  LI Chunge, WU Congliang, DUAN Xiaolan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Given uncertainty and variability of the slope stability analysis parameter, the paper proceed from the perspective of probability theory and statistics based on the reliability theory. Through the central point method of reliability analysis, performance function about the reliability of slope stability analysis is established. What's more, the central point method and conventional limit equilibrium methods do comparative analysis by calculation example. The approach's numerical results are consistent with the traditional limit equilibrium method and meet the objective reality. The accuracy and practicality of reliability analysis is confirmed in order to provide reliability theory a scientific basis for the feasibility of slope stability analysis.
Keywords: slope stability, uncertainty, reliability analysis, the central point method, limit equilibrium method.

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LI Chunge, WU Congliang, DUAN Xiaolan, "Reliability Analysis of Slope Stability by Central Point Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison of Windows and Linux Operating Systems in Advanced Features
  P. Abhilash, Abhinay sri vasthav.V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Comparison between the Microsoft Windows and Linux computer operating systems is a long-running discussion topic within the personal computer industry .This technical paper is mainly going to focus on the differences between windows and linux in all fields. Both Windows and Linux Operating systems have their own advantages and differ in functionalities and user friendliness. Linux and Microsoft Windows differ in philosophy, cost, versatility and stability, with each seeking to improve in their perceived weaker areas. This paper is mainly going to focus on the advanced features that are uniquely present in one operating system and not in other one.
Keywords: Windows, Linux, Operating systems

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P. Abhilash, Abhinay sri vasthav.V, "Comparison of Windows and Linux Operating Systems in Advanced Features"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Global Descriptor Attributes Based Content Based Image Retrieval of Query Images
  Jaykrishna Joshi, Dattatray Bade
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The need for efficient content-based image retrieval system has increased hugely. Efficient and effective retrieval techniques of images are desired because of the explosive growth of digital images. Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is a promising approach because of its automatic indexing retrieval based on their semantic features and visual appearance. In this proposed system we investigate method for describing the contents of images which characterizes images by global descriptor attributes, where global features are extracted to make system more efficient by using color features which are color expectancy, color variance, skewness and texture feature correlation.
Keywords: Content based image retrieval (CBIR), Retrieval, Query Image, Global Descriptor Attributes and Color Histogram.

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Jaykrishna Joshi, Dattatray Bade, "Global Descriptor Attributes Based Content Based Image Retrieval of Query Images"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Data Back-Up and Recovery Techniques for Cloud Server Using Seed Block Algorithm
  R. V. Gandhi, M Seshaiah, A. Srinivas, C. ReddiNeelima
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In cloud computing, data generated in electronic form are large in amount. To maintain this data efficiently, there is a necessity of data recovery services. To cater this, we propose a smart remote data backup algorithm, Seed Block Algorithm. The objective of proposed algorithm is twofold; first it help the users to collect information from any remote location in the absence of network connectivity and second to recover the files in case of the file deletion or if the cloud gets destroyed due to any reason. The time related issues are also being solved by proposed seed block algorithm such that it will take minimum time for the recovery process. Proposed seed block algorithm also focuses on the security concept for the back-up files stored at remote server, without using any of the existing encryption techniques.
Keywords: Data Recovery, Seed Block Algorithm, Security, center repository, backup repository.

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R. V. Gandhi, M Seshaiah, A. Srinivas, C. ReddiNeelima, "Data Back-Up and Recovery Techniques for Cloud Server Using Seed Block Algorithm"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Adomian decomposition Method and Differential Transform Method to solve the Heat Equations with a power nonlinearity
  Ahmad M. D. Al-Eybani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we consider the AdomianDecomposition Method (ADM) and the Differential Transform Method (DTM) for finding approximate and exact solution of the heat equation with a power nonlinearity. Moreover, the reliability and performance of ADM and DTM. Numerical results show that these methods are powerful tools for solving heat equation with a power nonlinearity.

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Ahmad M. D. Al-Eybani, "Aadomiande composition Method and Differential Transform Method tosolve the Heat Equations with a power nonlinearity"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Verison-4

• Characteristics of Hand Transmitted Vibration through Steering Wheel of Tractor during Ploughing Field
  Md Zakaullah Zaka, Mohd Saad Saleem, Munaim Akhtar, Abdul khaliq, Saimah Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper presents the transmission of vibrations through the steering wheel of the tractor during the ploughing field. The measurements of vibration were carried out on the tractor randomly chosen. An investigation was conducted to determine the transmission of vibration from the steering wheel of the tractor to the wrists and upper arms of the operator under actual field conditions during ploughing field. The vibrations transmitted through the steering wheel of the tractor to the hand of the operator was measured and the frequency spectra for the chosen working conditions were obtained. The maximum transmissibility of vibration were observed in the first two frequency interval (in Hz) i.e. 1-20 and 20-40. The vibration, which is transmitted from the steering wheel of the tractor to the wrists, arms and shoulders causes discomfort to the operator and results in early fatigue.
Keywords: Hand Transmitted Vibration, LabVIEW, Power spectral density, Tractor

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Md Zakaullah Zaka, Mohd Saad Saleem, Munaim Akhtar, Abdul khaliq, Saimah Khan , "Characteristics of Hand Transmitted Vibration through Steering Wheel of Tractor during Ploughing Field"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Compressive Sensing in Speech from LPC using Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction
  Viral Modha, Ravi Butani, Ankur Undhad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents compressive sensing technique used for speech reconstruction using linear predictive coding because the speech is more sparse in LPC. DCT of a speech is taken and the DCT points of sparse speech are thrown away arbitrarily. This is achieved by making some point in DCT domain to be zero by multiplying with mask functions. From the incomplete points in DCT domain, the original speech is reconstructed using compressive sensing and the tool used is Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction. The performance of the result is compared with direct IDCT subjectively. The experiment is done and it is observed that the performance is better for compressive sensing than the DCT.
Index Terms: Compressive sensing, LPC, GPSR.

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Viral Modha, Ravi Butani, Ankur Undhad, "Compressive Sensing in Speech from LPC using Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Preliminary Research on Data Abnormality Diagnosis Methods of Spacecraft Precision Measurement
  Rui Zhang, Huanhuan Chen, Guangyun Li, Zaihua Yang
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For precision measuring the satellite equipments, providing technical support for satellite assembly, combined with satellite small size, complex structure, satellite equipment shapes vary, and other characteristics, presently, indirect method that using electronic theodolite to measure cube mirror are commonly used to obtain the relative attitude of the respective devices. But in the actual measurement process, there are measurement errors in the measurement data. How to detect anomalies in the data is the focus of this study. This paper proposes two methods to detect abnormal data, that is mathematical geometric method and outlier detection methods. This paper analyzes their theoretical basis and verifies the feasibility of the two methods through part of the actual measurement data to.
Index Terms: precision measurement; abnormality diagnosis; Cubic-Mirror; direction cosine; outlier detection;

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Rui Zhang, Huanhuan Chen, Guangyun Li, Zaihua Yang, "Preliminary Research on Data Abnormality Diagnosis Methods of Spacecraft Precision Measurement"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Study of Manual Lubrication and Automatic Lubrication
  T. Elakkiya, A. Anitta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Lubrication is the process or technique employed to reduce the wear of one or both surface in close proximity. Most of the bear lubrication fail due to the too much or too less grease injected using manual lubrication. So, to replace the manual lubrication discrete wiring employed in lubrication system in heavy machines using PLC. The PLC's can be used to overcome the shortcomings PLC is mainly used to reduce the labor cost, power consumption, complication in circuits.

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T. Elakkiya, A. Anitta, "Comparative Study of Manual Lubrication and Automatic Lubrication"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy
  Anupriyaa Mukherjee, Diksha Rathore, Supriya Shree, Shaik Jameel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease, caused by alternation in the retinal blood vessels. It is a strong sign of early blindness and if it is not treated may tend to complete blindness and the vision lost once cannot be restored once again. In this paper different image processing techniques are used to differentiate between the normal and the diseased image. The attempt is made to see where the problem actually lies so that proper diagnosis of patient can be done. Pre processing of an image, optic disk detection, Blood vessels extraction, Exudates detection are some of the methods that are applied here. Other algorithms are designed to obtain the desired result. A large number of populations are affected by this disease around the world.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; retinal image; morphology; exudates; image processing

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Anupriyaa Mukherjee, Diksha Rathore, Supriya Shree, Shaik Jameel, "Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Brief Study of Video Encryption Algorithms
  Pranali Pasalkar, Nirmala Nadar, Neha Panchal, Prof. Mrunali Desai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Video is a set of images .Video encryption is encrypting those set of images .Thus video encryption is simply hiding your video from prying eyes .Video monitoring has always been in concerned .Multimedia security is very important for multimedia commerce on Internet such as video on demand and Real time video multicast. There are various video encryption algorithm. All have some kind of weakness .In this paper classification of various existing algorithm, its advantages and disadvantages is discussed.
KeyWords— Video frames, Video Compression, Video encryption, Video Sequence, Chaos.

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Pranali Pasalkar, Nirmala Nadar, Neha Panchal, Prof. Mrunali Desai, "A Brief Study of Video Encryption Algorithms"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Condition Monitoring and Vibrational Analysis of Proposed Shaft through Experimental and FEA Approach – A Review
  Ms Prajakta M. Patil, A. U. Gandigude
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Condition Monitoring is an advanced and very useful tool of predictive maintenance techniques.When a machine fails or break down, the consequences can range from annoyance to the financial disaster or personal injury and possible loose of life. For this reason early detection, identification and correction of machinery problems is paramount to anyone involved in the maintenance of industrial machinery to insure continued, safe and productive operation. In order to run the machines efficiently condition monitoring of machines is important.Vibrations are found almost everywhere in rotating shaft. shaft vibrates due to unbalances, misalignments and imperfect bearings. .Here in this project condition monitoring of rotating shaft is done using vibration analysis and also crack detection analysis, accelerometeris used along with a device called as Fast Fourier Transform (F.F.T.) Analyzer.
Key Words— Condition monitoring, FFT Analyser, Vibration Analysis.

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Ms Prajakta M. Patil, A. U. Gandigude, "Condition Monitoring and Vibrational Analysis of Proposed Shaft through Experimental and FEA Approach – A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review on the Production Methods and Testing of Textiles for Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding
  Bagavathi M, Dr.-Ing. Priyadarshini R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The need of the present generation to protect themselves from electromagnetic radiation due the various technological developments has paved way to the birth of EMI shielding of textiles. The shielding effectiveness of the developed fabric will vary depending upon the fabric or the coating constituents. The shielding requirements for different applications vary widely which has resulted in the development of wide variety of shielding mechanisms and materials which can be used in the production of shielding equipment and work wear. In addition to their production, testing of shielding gears involves various methods to be adopted depending on the application.
keywords: EMI shielding, Shielding testing, shielding materials, ICP

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Bagavathi M, Dr.-Ing. Priyadarshini R, "A Review on the Production Methods and Testing of Textiles for Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Effect of Nima Yushij's "Afsaneh (Myth)" Verse Collection on Modern Lyric Poetry
  Mohammad Javad Erfani and Fatemeh Nosrati
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Ali Esfandyari whose penname is Nima Yushij has created a significant change in Persian poetry by composing poetry and propounding his literary theories., in such a way that all of the contemporary poetic trends and all of the famous poets in this area are among his followers, imitators, or the poets whom are influenced by Nima's poetry and theories. Modern lyric poetry is considered as one of the important trends of the contemporary poetry the emergence and propagation of which is indebted to Nima's Afsaneh Verse Collection. Afsaneh does not deny all of the components of classic poetry, but corrects or completes some of its aspects. The poet's change of attitude and view about being and love, employing dramatic elements and novel words, as well as exploiting natural elements for expressing internal and mental moods of characters are among the most important components to which the new lyric poets paid attention. In the present study, the characteristics of Afsaneh, the effective aspects of this collection on modern lyric poetry and the components of this trend have been studied.
Keywords Nima Yushij, Afsaneh, Modern Lyric Poetry, Semi-Classical Poetry.

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Mohammad Javad Erfani and Fatemeh Nosrati, "The Effect of Nima Yushij's "Afsaneh (Myth)" Verse Collection on Modern Lyric Poetry"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Single System Image Server Cluster
  Shruti jawanjal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The paper reports an implementation of Single System Image Server Cluster (SSISC). The Servers have been configured with same MAC and IP addresses and are connected through a two layer switch. Implementation has been done by modifying iptables and recompiling the linux kernel. This implementation has been tested for performance using WebStone. WebStone is a highly- configurable client-server benchmark for HTTP servers. This implementation removes a possibility of single point failure of web cluster. The implementation automatically detects newly added and failed server and hence reliable. The test indicates that requests are distributed to servers in the cluster, depends on the policy of distribution.
Index Term: MAC, IP, iptables, recompiling, Webstone.

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Shruti jawanjal, "Single System Image Server Cluster"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Maximal and Minimal α -Open Sets
  Dr. Haji M. Hasan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In 2001 and 2003, Nakaok and Oda [3] and [4] introduced the notation of maximal open sets and minimal open sets in topological spaces. In 2010, Miguel, Saeid and Seithuti [2], introduced the notation of maximal θ-open sets and minimal θ -closed sets in topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce new classes of sets called maximal α-open sets and minimal α -open sets and investigate some of their fundamental properties.
Keywords: θ-open, maximal open sets, minimal closed, maximal θ-open sets and minimal θ –closed.

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Dr. Haji M. Hasan, "Maximal and Minimal α -Open Sets"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structural Analysis Of Alfa Fibers After Chemical Treatment
  Zakaria Mouallif, Bouchaib Radi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nowadays, natural fibers are used as reinforcement in composite materials. The Alfa fibers have undergone an alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide NaOH at a concentration of 10%, during an immersion period of two days. After drying, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for the analysis of the chemical properties of these fibers which were extracted from the plant Alfa of the region Al Haouz (Morocco) in order to study the modifications resulting from the alkaline treatment. The results proved the presence of the cellulose, with an increase in its proportion in those fibers which have undergone an alkaline treatment with NaOH, the presence of lignin and pectin, as well as their disappearance after the alkaline extraction.
Keywords: Alfa (Esparto grass), cellulose, composite materials, extraction, Natural fibers.

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Zakaria Mouallif, Bouchaib Radi, "Structural Analysis Of Alfa Fibers After Chemical Treatment"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Broadcasting Scheme for Message Dissemination in VANET
  Ravindra J. Makwana, Maheshkumar V. Makwana, Biraju J. Trivedi, Hitesh C. Patel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks [VANET] is one of the fastest emerging technologies for research as there are many issues and challenges to be addressed by the researchers before the technology becomes commercialized. Vehicular communication systems developed largely by the growing interest in intelligent transportation systems [ITS]. Cooperative driving can improve safety and efficiency by enabling vehicles to exchange emergency messages to each other in the neighborhood and to assist driver in making proper decision to avoid vehicle collisions and congestion. Broadcast transmission is usually used for disseminating safety related information among vehicles. Message Broadcast over wireless networks poses many challenges due to link unreliability, hidden terminal, message redundancy, and broadcast storm, etc., which greatly degrade the network performance. In most of the emergency situations, there is less time to make a handshake with other nodes in the networks, as the emergency message is to be delivered fast and efficient. Broadcasting information is usually very costly and without limiting techniques this will result in serious data redundancy, contention and collisions. This work focuses on Broadcasting Scheme for Message Dissemination.
Keywords: Broadcast Storm, intelligent transportation systems [ITS], Message Dissemination, Redundancy.

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LI Ravindra J. Makwana, Maheshkumar V. Makwana, Biraju J. Trivedi, Hitesh C. Patel, "A Broadcasting Scheme for Message Dissemination in VANET"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-5

• Harmonics Effects in Power System
  Eng. Osamah Saleh Al-duaij
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The summary of the research, first is to introduce the harmonics in power system, by explains the meanings of the harmonic, causes and sources. Then the effects of the harmonics in power system. Second to analysis the harmonics during the fourier analysis, how we can calculate and analysis the harmonics. Third, the experiment part which is the results form lab work to inform the harmonics effects in power system. Fourth, which is explain how to eliminate the harmonics in power system, then the finally the conculation which is try to concluote the all parts of the research.

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Eng. Osamah Saleh Al-duaij, "Harmonics Effects in Power System"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Robust Strategies of GIS and Geospatial Data mining techniques for drinking ground water quality management, challenges and issues of Drought Case study Jalna (Maharashtra-India)
  Mohammed Waseem Ashfaque, Sayyada Sara Banu, Quadri N.Naveed, Quadri S. Ali Ahmed
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Dependency factors of drought in Maharashtra state of drinking water are groundwater resources, for rural, Urban and Agriculture commercial zone .this situation exploits the development and progress of groundwater management study. No doubt the climate has a vital role in it. So Researcher and decision maker have a new topic of study and research with increasing product of Geospatial data and different temporal of characteristics, geometrics, and Geospatial information systems. And it has been capabilities to control and handle a case like diverse range of geospatial data with varieties of skills. One of the major aspect and issues in geospatial data management is to explore the ratio and future trends of the data and which is smoothly possible with the GIS and Geospatial Data mining techniques and that is being brought into our consideration to discussed and to write this paper on this issue and for this we introduced geospatial data mining applications in drinking ground water quality Management, At last about the abundance of industrial Zones in state of Maharashtra, of India and their effects on water quality in this region, correlation between industrial pollutions and water quality indicators through geospatial data mining has been modeled as a case study at Jalna District Maharashtra.
Keyword: Geospatial data mining; GIS; water quality management.

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Mohammed Waseem Ashfaque, Sayyada Sara Banu, Quadri N.Naveed, Quadri S. Ali Ahmed, "Robust Strategies of GIS and Geospatial Data mining techniques for drinking ground water quality management, challenges and issues of Drought Case study Jalna (Maharashtra-India)"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of the Building Energy Performance through Dynamic Modeling, Systems Simulation, Field Monitoring and Evaluation of Renewable Energy Applications
  Reshmi Banerjee, Binoy Krishna Choudhury
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The annual energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors, in India is rising consistently at about 8% and the overall energy consumption in buildings has seen an increase from a low of 14% in the 1970s to nearly 33% in 2004/05. The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 254.049 GW as of end of September 2014. The research paper will deal with the modeling and optimization of the building energy performance by means of the application of the dynamic building simulation, the optimization of the energy systems and the verification of the energy consumptions and comfort conditions. An integrated tool is at an early stage of development to optimize the building energy performance to be expressed in terms of total energy use. The goal of the research paper is to optimize the building energy performance through the potential of the passive building technologies and the increase of efficiency of the building system.
Keyword: Evaluation, Modeling, Monitoring, Optimization of renewable energy use in buildings, Simulation.

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Reshmi Banerjee, Binoy Krishna Choudhury, "Optimization of the Building Energy Performance through Dynamic Modeling, Systems Simulation, Field Monitoring and Evaluation of Renewable Energy Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence Modeling for wind Flow past Wall Mounted Cubical Building Using Smagorinsky Scheme and validation using Artificial Neural Network for Time Series Data
  Bibhab Kumar Lodh, Ajoy K Das, N. Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper will present the large eddy simulation of turbulence modeling for wind flow over a wall mounted 3D cubical model. The LES Smagorinsky scheme is employed for the numerical simulation. The domain for this study is of the size of 60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm. The 3D cube model is taken of the size of 6 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm. The Reynolds number for the flow in respect of the height of the cube i.e, 4 cm is 5.3x10⁴. The hexahedral grids are used for the meshing of the flow domain. The results are discussed in terms of various parameters such as velocity profile around the cube and the computational domain, the pressure distribution over the cube, near wall velocity profile and the shear stress distribution and also the result of drag coefficient is verified by neural network time series analysis using MATLAB. In this present study we have used the OpenFoam platform for the computational and numerical analysis. The numerical scheme employed is the combination of the steady state incompressible Newtonian flow model using SIMPLE algorithm followed by the transient model of incompressible Newtonian flow using PISO algorithm. We have observed that there is a constant positive drag coefficient in case of steady state simulation where as there is a negative lift coefficient in the initial run and a very low lift coefficient at the end of the steady state simulation.
Keyword: Large eddy simulation, Smagorinsky, Spalartallmaras DDES, 3D cubical model, SIMPLE algorithm, PISO algorithm, Reynolds no., OpenFoam, Artificial neural network

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Bibhab Kumar Lodh, Ajoy K Das, N. Singh, "Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence Modeling for wind Flow past Wall Mounted Cubical Building Using Smagorinsky Scheme and validation using Artificial Neural Network for Time Series Data"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Seismic Response of RC Framed Buildings with Open Ground Storey
  Somani Kishangopal J, Sangave Prakarsh A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

RC framed buildings are generally designed without considering the structural action of masonry infill walls. These masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions and considered as non-structural elements. But they affect both the structural and non-structural performance of RC buildings during earthquake. RC framed building with open ground storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during earthquake. In order to study this total 144 RC framed buildings having bare frame, full infill frame and open ground storey frame were analyzed by seismic coefficient method and response spectrum method for various seismic hazards. The present study deals with the comparison of base shear for medium rise RC framed buildings having P+5, P+7, P+9 and P+11 storeys for various seismic zones (III, IV & V) and for various soil conditions (Hard & Medium) as per IS 1893(part 1): 2002. This work helps in understanding the effect of earthquake with increase in height of RC framed buildings on base shear for various seismic zones and soil conditions. The result shows that the effect of infill stiffness on structural response is significant under lateral loads. It is found that the presence infill walls increases the base shear by 60-65% more than bare frame by both seismic coefficient method and response spectrum method.
Keywords: bare, infill and open ground storey frames, equivalent diagonal strut, seismic coefficient method, response spectrum method.

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Somani Kishangopal J, Sangave Prakarsh A, "Seismic Response of RC Framed Buildings with Open Ground Storey"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis and Design of Conventional Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor -A MATLAB Approach
  C. S. Linda, K. K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The objective of this paper is to control the speed of the motor using conventional controller; compensator is used to improve the steady state error. To evaluate the performance of the controller, time response analysis is carried out. The time response analysis consists of two type of analysis. One is unit step response analysis and other is performance indices analysis. The paper describes the designing of a closed loop model of the dc motor drive for controlling speed. Accuracy and the dynamic responses are better in a closed loop system. The compensator is used to compensate the parameter of the system in such a way to meet the specification, so that it improves the steady state response of the system and get desired response.

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C. S. Linda, K. K, "Analysis and Design of Conventional Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor -A MATLAB Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Estimation of Reliability in Multicomponent Stress-Strength ModelFollowing Burr Type XII Distribution under Selective Ranked Set Sampling
  Amal S. Hassan, Assar, S. M and Yahya, M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The stress-strength model for system reliability for multicomponent system when a device under consideration is a combination of 𝒦 usually independent components with strengths 𝑋1,𝑋2,…,𝑋𝒦 and each component experiencing a common stress 𝑌. The system is regarded as alive if at least𝒮 out of 𝒦 𝒮<𝒦 strengths exceed the stress. The reliability of such system is obtained when the stress and strengths are assumed to have Burr XII distributions with common shape parameter(𝑐). The research methodology adapted here is to estimate the parameters by using maximum likelihood method. Based on different types of ranked set sampling, the reliability estimators are obtained when samples drawn from strength and stress distributions. Efficiencies of reliability estimators based on ranked set sampling, median ranked set sampling, extreme ranked set sampling and percentile ranked set sampling are calculated with respect to reliability estimators based on simple random sampling procedure.
keywords: Burr type XII, reliability estimation, ranked set sampling, median ranked set sampling, extreme ranked set sampling, percentile ranked set sampling.

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Amal S. Hassan, Assar, S. M and Yahya, M, "Estimation of Reliability in Multicomponent Stress-Strength Model Following Burr Type XII Distribution under Selective Ranked Set Sampling"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Resource Infrastructure Facilities and its Management in Thiruvarur District – 2014
  Kalyani .V, Vasanthi.R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present study on "Effective Resources, Infrastructure facilities" and its management in Tiruvarur district", Tiruvarur district a first grade municipal town in TamilNadu, is located 60 km east of Thanjavur, and it is a district headquarter town. The strategic location of this district to nearby urban centers Well connected by national highway, state highway and major district road and Railway junction too. Tiruvarur district forms part of eastern coastal plain of TamilNadu. It is surrounded on north and east by newly carved out district of Nagapattinam, on the south by pack-starit and on the west by its parent ie. Thanjavur. The infrastructure facilities available in Tiruvarur district. In the year 2014, urbanization pattern, transportation, urban services, like water supply, medical facilities, industrial development, education wise analyzed. In this study mainly for infrastructural facilities and other important places are discussed in this study.
keywords: infrastructure facilities, domestic tourists, Foreign tourists,GIS, Tiruvarur , Tamil Nadu.

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Kalyani .V, Vasanthi.R, "Resource Infrastructure Facilities and its Management in Thiruvarur District – 2014"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Geographical Distribution of Aids Cases in Tamilnadu District Wise (2008 – 2014)
  Kalyani .V, Vasanthi. R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present study was undertaken to characterize the various opportunistic pathogens (fungi and bacteria) which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in 25 HIV seropositive patients, either hospitalized (5 Nos) (or) coming to antiretroviral therapy centre in Government hospital, TamilNadu, were included in the study for finding the spectrum of opportunistic pathogens. Blood serum, urine, sputum, and oral swabs were collected and processed. A total of eight pathogens were detected.
Keywords Opportunistic pathogens; HIV; Blood; Urine; Sputum.

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Kalyani .V, Vasanthi. R, "A Geographical Distribution of Aids Cases in Tamilnadu District Wise (2008 – 2014)"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles, Characterisation and Fluorescence application
  M. Padma, Ch.Madhu, R. Sarada, B. Venkateswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present work deals with the formation, morphology and photophysical activity of the 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction method. The method utilizes a simple chemical reaction of silver idodide and sodium borohydride. The advantages of this method are ease of preparation, convenience in use and especially, that the obtained silver nano particles are uniform in their shapes and sizes. This is important for fluorescence & bio-evolution measurements. Furthermore, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is employed to monitor the formation process of the nano particles and to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of stable and highly fluorescence-active silver colloids. Specifically, we observed changes in the shapes of the silver nano particles during the formation. This may be helpful in understanding the growth of the nano particles and creates a new dimension in controlling the shapes of the nano particles.SEM, TEM and XRD studies are carried out. The suitability of ACA capped Ag-NPs as Biomarkers is also Tested by Fluorescence study.
Key Words: Biomarkers, Capped Silver Nanoparticles, Chemical Reduction, Fluorescence.

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M. Padma, Ch.Madhu, R. Sarada, B. Venkateswara Rao, "Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles, Characterisation and Fluorescence application"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fabrication of aluminum foam from aluminum scrap
  Hamza O. A. Osman, A. M. Omran, A. A. Atlam and Moatasem M. Kh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this study the optimum parameters affecting the preparation of aluminum foam from recycled aluminum were studied, these parameters are: temperature, CaCO3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio as foaming agent, Al2O3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio as thickening agent, and stirring time. The results show that, the optimum parameters are the temperature ranged from 800 to 850oC, CaCO3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio was 5%, Al2O3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio was 3% and stirring time was 45 second with stirring speed 1200 rpm. The produced foam apparent densities ranged from 0.40-0.60 g/cm3. The microstructure of aluminum foam was examined by using SEM, EDX and XRD, the results show that, the aluminum pores were uniformly distributed along the all matrices and the cell walls covered by thin oxide film.

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Hamza O. A. Osman, A. M. Omran, A. A. Atlam and Moatasem M. Kh, "Fabrication of aluminum foam from aluminum scrap"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• E-Marketing- A Global Perspective
  Parminder Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, Karamjeet Kaur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

E-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products, information and services on the Internet and other online environments . E-Marketing is also known as web marketing , Online marketing and internet marketing. E- Marketing is a management process . The aim of e-marketing is marketing is establish maintain and long-term relationship with customers. Online Marketing includes identify unmet needs, producing products and services to meet those need and pricing, distributing and promoting those products and service to produce a profit. Search engine is the best technique of online marketing. Customer relationship management worked as a tool increased use of e-commerce makes CRM a necessary component. E-marketing perform a function within Short period of time. Online market open in 24 hours and 7 day service provide. Questions are related to E-Marketing in which given options are Agree, Disagree, Strongly disagree, Strongly agree, Neutral, Yes, No. After analysis and comparison of traditional marketing of electronic marketing , it is revealed that it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to suggest that which E-Marketing is best.E-marketing websites provide the flexibility, efficiency of work, provide the better security of e- paying their taxes, licenses, fees etc. In future e-marketing provide the efficient website Which is easy to use for common peoples marketing then e-marketing will be increase.All parts of the organization should co-ordinate activities to ensure that customer needs are met efficiently, effectively and profitably.
Keywords: Banner, CRM, E-CRM, E-payment System, Search Engine

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Parminder Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, Karamjeet Kaur, "E-Marketing- A Global Perspective"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar joints
  Prashant Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Baljeet Singh, Rahul Kumar Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) is relatively high strength welding technique. This technique are mostly used in fabrication and other industries to join the either similar or dissimilar materials. In particular, it can be used to join high-quality strength of metal and alloys.In this paper we discuss abouttheTungsten Inert Gas welding of joining heat treatableof stainless steel and mild steel.These welded joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer micro structure. Tungsten Inert Gas Weldingofdissimilar material such as stainless steel and mild steel have the potential to hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties.
Keywords: TIG, stainless steel and mild steel, tensile properties, hardness, microstructure.

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Prashant Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Baljeet Singh, Rahul Kumar Singh, "A review on TIG welding for optimizing process parameters on dissimilar joints"Vol. 5 - Issue 2 (February - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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