• Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Brick for Better Performance
  O.A. Olowu,  A. A. Raheem, E.M Awe, G.O. Bamigboye
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The research considered the production of improved stabilized lateritic Bricks (ISLB) with enhanced mechanical properties. The research data were derived from laboratory experiments which include capillary test, erosion test, abrasion test, density test and compressive strength test. Three batches of 290mm x 140mm x 100mm brick samples were produced which are: the Adobe Unstabilized Lateritic Bricks (AULB), Improved Stabilized Lateritic Brick (ISLB) and the Control Stabilized Lateritic Bricks (CSLB). Brick stabilization was maintained at 5% by weight of cement. Compaction of the bricks were carried out manually; the moulded bricks were carefully extruded in good shape and placed on clean, hard flat surface to allowed to dry under normal atmospheric temperature and pressure . The ISLB was divided into four groups of 12 bricks samples immersed in solution of zycosil and water in the following proportion by volume: (1:100),(1:200),(1:300) and (1:400) for 30 minutes and dried under normal atmospheric temperature and pressure before curing commenced. The result of the capillary test on bricks samples after 24 hours showed that AULB and CSLB has (0.35 and 0.15)kg weight difference equivalent of (0.00599 and 0.00256) kg/m2/min suction rate while the ISLB have 0.05kg weight difference equivalent to 0.000855kg/m2/min suction rate. The result of erosion test for brick durability ranked between very firm for ISLB of 1:100, 1:200 and 1:300 Zycosil Water Solution (ZWS),
Keywords: Lateritic Soil, Compressive Strength, Zycosil.

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O.A. Olowu, A. A. Raheem, E.M Awe, G.O. Bamigboye, "Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Lateritic Brick for Better Performance" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Stochastic Model for the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
  Noura Anwar, Mahmoud Riad Mahmoud
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Multistate Markov models are well-established methods for estimating rates of transition between stages of chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to propose a stochastic model that describes the progression process of chronic kidney disease; CKD, estimate the mean time spent in each stage of disease stages that precedes developing end-stage renal failure and to estimate the life expectancy of a CKD patient. Continuous-time Markov Chain is appropriate to model CKD. Explicit expressions of transition probability functions are derived by solving system of forward Kolmogorov differential equations. Besides, the mean sojourn time, the state probability distribution, life expectancy of a CKD patient and expected number of patients in each state of the system are presented in the study. A numerical example is provided. Finally, concluding remarks and discussion are presented.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease , Continuous-Time Markov Chain , Kolmogorov Differential Equations , Expected Time to Absorption, Stochastic Processes .

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Noura Anwar, Mahmoud Riad Mahmoud, "A Stochastic Model for the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design Approach for a Novel Traffic Sign Recognition System by Using LDA and Image Segmentation by Exploring the Color and Shape Features of an Image
  Prof. A. V. Deshpande
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research paper highlights the problems that are encountered in a typical Traffic Sign Recognition System like incorrect interpretation of a particular traffic sign which is observed by a driver while driving a vehicle causing misunderstanding thereby resulting in road accidents. The visibility is affected by many environmental factors such as smoke, rain, fog, humid weather, dust etc. and it is very difficult to understand the traffic signs in this situations, causing misinterpretations of the particular traffic sign and resulting in road accidents. In order to avoid this condition, a novel method of recognizing traffic signs is developed which take into consideration the color and shape of the traffic sign. A algorithm called as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used for classification of different groups of traffic signs which are predefined by a particular set of features after the process of Image Segmentation. The images are segmented by using the color and shape features of an image and the features are extracted by using the Haar Transform and then the classification of images is done by using Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm. Finally the GUI of traffic sign images is prepared by using the software tool called as MATLAB.Our main objective is to recognize partially occluded traffic signs in a cloudy environment by using LDA and to make an efficient Traffic Sign Detection system which will be capable of recognizing and classifying any kind of known traffic sign from the other traffic signs by considering the color and shape of the traffic sign on the basis of supervised classification of the training data so that any error which results in a faulty detection or incorrect detection of traffic sign can be eliminated.
Keywords: Image Segmentation, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Traffic Sign Recognition System, Graphical User Interface, Color, Shape, Supervised Classification

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Prof. A. V. Deshpande, "Design Approach for a Novel Traffic Sign Recognition System by Using LDA and Image Segmentation by Exploring the Color and Shape Features of an Image" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• MRI Image Segmentation Using Gradient Based Watershed Transform In Level Set Method for a Medical Diagnosis System
  Khushboo Mantri, Dr. Shiv Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Brain image classification is one of the utmost imperative parts of clinical investigative tools. Brain images typically comprise noise, inhomogeneity and sometimes deviation. Therefore, precise segmentation of brain images is a very challenging task. Nevertheless, the process of perfect segmentation of these images is very important and crucial for a spot-on diagnosis by clinical tools. Also, intensity inhomogeneity often arises in real-world images, which presents a substantial challenge in image segmentation. The most extensively used image segmentation algorithms are region-based and usually rely on the homogeneousness of the image intensities in the sections of interest, which often fail to afford precise segmentation results due to the intensity inhomogeneity. This Research presents a more accurate segmentation using Gradient Based watershed transform in level set method for a medical diagnosis system. Experimental results proved that our method validating a much better rate of segmentation accuracy as compare to the traditional approaches, results are also validated in terms of certain Measure properties of image regions like eccentricity, perimeter etc.
Key words: Medical image Segmentation, Brain Tumor Detection, Pixel Tracking, Gradient based watershed. Level set method, Magnetic resonance imaging.

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Khushboo Mantri, Dr. Shiv Kumar, "MRI Image Segmentation Using Gradient Based Watershed Transform In Level Set Method for a Medical Diagnosis System" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis on Recommended System for Web Information Retrieval Using HMM
  Himangni Rathore, Hemant Verma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Web is a rich domain of data and knowledge, which is spread over the world in unstructured manner. The number of users is continuously access the information over the internet. Web mining is an application of data mining where web related data is extracted and manipulated for extracting knowledge. The data mining is used in the domain of web information mining is refers as web mining, that is further divided into three major domains web uses mining, web content mining and web structure mining. The proposed work is intended to work with web uses mining. The concept of web mining is to improve the user feedbacks and user navigation pattern discovery for a CRM system. Finally a new algorithm HMM is used for finding the pattern in data, which method promises to provide much accurate recommendation.
Keywords: Web mining, recommender systems, collaborative filtering, HMM.

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Himangni Rathore, Hemant Verma, "Analysis on Recommended System for Web Information Retrieval Using HMM" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Study on Mechanical Properties of Vinylester Based Bio-Composite Material with Starch as a Filler Material
  Mr. Vignesh M, Dr. H. G. Hanumantharaju, Mr. Avinash S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In composites a conglomeration produces material properties which are unavailable from individual constituent materials. The use of petroleum based products as constituents in polymer matrix composite has raised concerns regarding environmental issue and non-renewability of the resource. Therefore in this work an attempt has been made to develop a biocomposite material using untreated dupion silk fiber as reinforcement material and vinyl ester as matrix material with Potato Starch used as filler material by hand layup technique. The biocomposites were prepared in varying percentage of filler addition (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and different mechanical tests (tensile, flexure and hardness) were conducted on the samples prepared to the ASTM standards. From the results of the experiments conducted on the specimen it can be concluded that the performance of 10% Starch filler content Biocomposite is satisfactory in all aspects compared to 0%, 20%, and 30% Starch filler content Biocomposites.
Keywords: Implantation, Biocomposite, Dupion Silk Fiber, Potato Starch

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Mr. Vignesh M, Dr. H. G. Hanumantharaju, Mr. Avinash S, "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Vinylester Based Bio-Composite Material with Starch as a Filler Material" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Rack And Pinion Mechanism for Continuous Variable Valve Timing of IC Engines
  Dhruv Chawda, Salman Husain, K.Krishnamurthy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The valve timing is a very closely studied event and effects the performance of an IC Engine greatly with respect to the Brake Power Produced, Volumetric Efficiency and Emissions etc. The valve event if varied and experimented with, can result in higher efficiencies and overall improved performance of the Engine. Hence, various researchers have attempted to temper with the valve timing and thus many Variable Valve Timing systems have been proposed till date with many of them being implemented by various manufacturers. However, on reviewing the presently employed systems, the lack of existence of a single system capable of independently altering both the timing and the lift of the valves was recognized. Thus, a single system capable of achieving the above was thought of and designed. A rack and pinion mechanism powered by a programmed servo motor mounted vertically seemed most practical in achieving this within the size and space constraints. A single cylinder diesel Engine was simulated with "Lotus Engine Simulation‟ software to derive the optimum valve angles and lifts for a range of the Engine operating speed and the system was accordingly programmed and designed to achieve them. The system was designed in "Creo‟ software and analysed correspondingly in "Ansys‟ software and then finally assembled on a Diesel Engine in the lab.
Keywords: Variable Valve Timing, Rack and Pinion Gear system, Servo Motor, Crankshaft position sensor, volumetric efficiency

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Dhruv Chawda, Salman Husain, K.Krishnamurthy, "Rack And Pinion Mechanism for Continuous Variable Valve Timing of IC Engines" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Earthquake Analysis of Multi Storied Residential Building - A Case Study
  E. Pavan Kumar, A. Naresh, M. Nagajyothi, M. Rajasekhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Earthquake occurred in multistoried building shows that if the structures are not well designed and constructed with and adequate strength it leads to the complete collapse of the structures. To ensure safety against seismic forces of multi-storied building hence, there is need to study of seismic analysis to design earthquake resistance structures. In seismic analysis the response reduction was considered for two cases both Ordinary moment resisting frame and Special moment resisting frame. The main objective this paper is to study the seismic analysis of structure for static and dynamic analysis in ordinary moment resisting frame and special moment resisting frame. Equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis are the methods used in structural seismic analysis. We considered the residential building of G+ 15 storied structure for the seismic analysis and it is located in zone II. The total structure was analyzed by computer with using STAAD.PRO software. We observed the response reduction of cases ordinary moment resisting frame and special moment resisting frame values with deflection diagrams in static and dynamic analysis. The special moment of resisting frame structured is good in resisting the seismic loads.
Keywords: Equivalent static analysis, response spectrum analysis, ordinary moment resisting frame, special moment resisting frame, STAAD.PRO V8i.

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E. Pavan Kumar, A. Naresh, M. Nagajyothi, M. Rajasekhar, "Earthquake Analysis of Multi Storied Residential Building - A Case Study" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Distributed Framework for Data Mining As a Service on Private Cloud
  Shraddha Masih, Sanjay Tanwani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Data mining research faces two great challenges: i. Automated mining ii. Mining of distributed data. Conventional mining techniques are centralized and the data needs to be accumulated at central location. Mining tool needs to be installed on the computer before performing data mining. Thus, extra time is incurred in collecting the data. Mining is 4 done by specialized analysts who have access to mining tools. This technique is not optimal when the data is distributed over the network. To perform data mining in distributed scenario, we need to design a different framework to improve efficiency. Also, the size of accumulated data grows exponentially with time and is difficult to mine using a single computer. Personal computers have limitations in terms of computation capability and storage capacity. Cloud computing can be exploited for compute-intensive and data intensive applications. Data mining algorithms are both compute and data intensive, therefore cloud based tools can provide an infrastructure for distributed data mining. This paper is intended to use cloud computing to support distributed data mining. We propose a cloud based data mining model which provides the facility of mass data storage along with distributed data mining facility. This paper provide a solution for distributed data mining on Hadoop framework using an interface to run the algorithm on specified number of nodes without any user level configuration. Hadoop is configured over private servers and clients can process their data through common framework from anywhere in private network. Data to be mined can either be chosen from cloud data server or can be uploaded from private computers on the network. It is observed that the framework is helpful in processing large size data in less time as compared to single system.
Key words: DAAS – Data storage as a service, DMAAS- Data Mining as a Service, FDMPC- Framework for Data Mining as a Service on Private Cloud

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Shraddha Masih, Sanjay Tanwani, "Distributed Framework for Data Mining As a Service on Private Cloud" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Performance of Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA) - Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Modified Concrete in Acidic Environment
  Egbe-Ngu Ntui Ogork, Okorie Austine Uche and Augustine Uche Elinwa
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents the findings of an investigation on the compressive strength of concrete containing Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA) blended with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and its resistance to acid aggression, as well as regression models of the concrete resistance in acidic environment. The GHA and RHA used were obtained by controlled burning of groundnut husk and rice husk, respectively in a kiln to a temperature of 600 oC, and after allowing cooling, sieved through sieve 75 μm and characterized. The compressive strength of GHA-RHA-Concrete was investigated at replacement levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %, respectively by weight of cement.
Keywords: Concrete, GHA, model, resistance, RHA

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Egbe-Ngu Ntui Ogork, Okorie Austine Uche and Augustine Uche Elinwa, "Performance of Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA) - Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Modified Concrete in Acidic Environment" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Exponentially Distributed Outages of Decreased ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Stress in Healthy Adults with Childhood Maltreatment
  Geetha. T and Karthika. K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Preclinical research findings suggest that exposure to stress and concomitantly hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation during early development can have permanent and potentially deleterious effects. A history of early-life abuse or neglect appears to increase risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Abnormal HPA response to stress challenge has been reported in adult patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This paper discussed the constant stress level of adult patients with times to damage of stress effect and recoveries. Also In adults without diagnosable psychopathology, childhood maltreatment is associated with diminished HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor.
Keywords: HPA Axis, Cortisol, ACTH, stress level, TTO, TTP.

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Geetha. T and Karthika. K, "Exponentially Distributed Outages of Decreased ACTH and Cortisol Responses to Stress in Healthy Adults with Childhood Maltreatment" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of growth regulators on the in vitro multiplication of Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii
  Shatakshi Kapruwan, Meena Bakshi, Manpreet Kaur
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Bamboos are versatile multipurpose forest product, which are important economically and are often referred to as 'GREEN GOLD'. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is one of the economically important species of Bamboo in India. Government of India is running National Bamboo Mission to encourage the production of Bamboos in India. The present work was undertaken to study the effect of Auxins and Cytokinins on the in vitro multiplication of nodal cuttings with axillary buds Dendrocalamus hamiltonii a bamboo species growing in North east region of India and north western Himalayas. The growth medium used was MS (1962) basal medium supplemented with BAP, Kn and NAA at varying concentrations. The multiplication rate of shoots increased with increasing the concentration of NAA and Kn. However the optimum results were obtained on MS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.5 mg/l NAA, 0.5 mg/l Kn and 1 mg/l BAP. Effect of TDZ concentration was also observed, and the results revealed that 0.25 mg/l TDZ, 0.25 mg/l PGH with 1 mg/l BAP were found to be most suitable for in vitro multiplication of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii.
Keywords: Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, M S Medium, multiplication, TDZ.

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Shatakshi Kapruwan, Meena Bakshi, Manpreet Kaur, "Effect of growth regulators on the in vitro multiplication of Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Pyrolysis of Scrap Tyres and Waste Lube Oil by Using Catalytic Agent
  Engr.Ishfaq Abdullah, Hafiz Ahmad Bilal, Engr.Sana Jamal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Scrape tyres and waste lube oil are the cause of great environmental issues because they are not biodegradable and their elements cannot be recovered and they are causing great environmental pollution. Secondly the world needs the new sources of energy due to depletion of oil sources. In this experiment pyrolysis of scrape tyres alone and pyrolysis of mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil by using catalytic agent (CaCO3) is done to see the effect of waste lube oil and catalytic agent on pyrolysis of scrape tyres. The value of products of both samples (scrape tyres alone, mixture of scrape tyres and used lubricating oil) has been studied and compared.
Keywords: Tyres, Lube Oil, Catalytic Pyrolysis, Calcium Carbonate.

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Engr.Ishfaq Abdullah, Hafiz Ahmad Bilal, Engr.Sana Jamal, "Pyrolysis of Scrap Tyres and Waste Lube Oil by Using Catalytic Agent" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of EDM Process of (Cu-W) EDM Electrodes on Different Progression
  Arvind Kumar Tiwari, Jasvir singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this research work is to determine the optimal cutting condition of EDM process of different work piece materials using different compositions of Cu-W tool Electrodes. The key cutting factors such as Discharge Current, Voltage, Pulse- On – Time, Duty Cycle, Spark Gap and flushing pressure will be optimized.
Keywords: Electrical Discharge Machining, MRR, SEM

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Arvind Kumar Tiwari, Jasvir singh, "Optimization of EDM Process of (Cu-W) EDM Electrodes on Different Progression" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Controller Design and Load Frequency Control for Single Area Power System with Model Order Reduction Technique
  S. Sai Tarun, P. Ramana, G. Indira Kishore
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The performance of power systems gets worsening due to the presence of sudden load changes, uncertainties of parameters etc. Therefore the design of load frequency control is very important in the modern power systems. This paper presents LFC control technique to reject the typical disturbance as well as control the large-scale system problems. Parameter uncertainty and load disturbance approach has been proposed to LFC design on the purpose of rejection of typical disturbances. This paper presents the model order reduction technique of Transfer function of the single area power system by using Routh approximation. The Second-order reduced system model has proposed instead of full order system to effectively improve the performance of the closed loop system. This entire approach is simulated in MATLAB environment for a single –area power system. In addition to this the reduced order power system is converted into digital domain for digital implementation of load frequency controller.
Index Terms: Internal model control (IMC), load frequency control (LFC), model-order reduction, robustness, Digital domain.

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S. Sai Tarun, P. Ramana, G. Indira Kishore, "Controller Design and Load Frequency Control for Single Area Power System with Model Order Reduction Technique" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimum FIR Filtersfor Digital Pulse Compression of Biphase Barker Codes with Low Sidelobes
  Jineshwar Nyamagoud
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In Wireless signals and Radar signals where power, real estate, speed and low cost are tight constraints and Doppler tolerance is not a major concern biphase codes are popular and FIR filter is used for digital pulse compression (DPC) implementation to achieve required range resolution. Disadvantage of low peak to sidelobe ratio (PSR) of biphase codes can be overcome by linear programming for either single stage mismatched filter or two stage approach i.e. matched filter followed by sidelobe suppression filter (SSF) filter. Linear programming (LP) calls for longer filter lengths to obtain desirable PSR. Longer the filter length greater will be the number of multipliers, hence more will be the requirement of logic resources used in the FPGAs and many time becomes design challenge for system on chip (SoC) requirement. This requirement of multipliers can be brought down by clustering the tap weights of the filter by kmeans clustering algorithm at the cost of few dB deterioration in PSR. The cluster centroid as tap weight reduces logic used in FPGA for FIR filters to a great extent by reducing number of weight multipliers. Since kmeans clustering is an iterativealgorithm, centroid for weights cluster is different in different iterations and causes different clusters. This causes difference in clustering of weights and sometimes even it may happen that lesser number of multiplier and lesser length of filter provide better PSR. In this paper few sample optimum biphase codes have been provided in tabular form with their optimum sidelobe supression filter (SSF) with optimum lengths and minimum multipliers to achieve low sidelobe level of -35 dBto -40 dB and have been compared against PSR achieved without clustering.Clustering is used in FIR filter for pulse compression and its effect is seen on peak to sidelobe ratio. This is being a genericmethod for FIR filters to reduce number of multipliers can be extended to other similar applications.
IndexTerms: Digital Pulse Compression (DPC), FIR filter, range sidelobes, sidelobe suppression filter(SSF), range sidelobe reduction, Kmeans algorithm, clustering, centroid, biphase codes, peak to sidelobe ratio (PSR)

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Jineshwar Nyamagoud, "Optimum FIR Filtersfor Digital Pulse Compression of Biphase Barker Codes with Low Sidelobes" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Characterization Of Switchable And Multilayered FSS Circuits Using The WCIP Method
  A. Salouha, L. Latrach, A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi And H. Baudrand
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we use the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) to study the Switchable and multilayered FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) circuits. The Switchable part is used for the adjustment of the frequency of the HF Electronics Circuits. This adjustment is applied by the integration of RF-MEMS switches. This system is based on the use of circuit fabrication processes included. In order to initialize the iterative procedure, an incident wave is defined in the spectral domain.

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A. Salouha, L. Latrach, A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi And H. Baudrand, "Characterization Of Switchable And Multilayered FSS Circuits Using The WCIP Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 2

• An Efficient Fault Tolerance System Design for Cmos/Nanodevice Digital Memories
  D. Kavitha, R. Anandh, D. Karthikeyan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Targeting on the future fault-prone hybrid CMOS/Nanodevice digital memories, this paper present two fault-tolerance design approaches the integrally address the tolerance for defect and transient faults. These two approaches share several key features, including the use of a group of Bose-Chaudhuri- Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for both defect tolerance and transient fault tolerance, and integration of BCH code selection and dynamic logical-to-physical address mapping. Thus, a new model of BCH decoder is proposed to reduce the area and simplify the computational scheduling of both syndrome and chien search blocks without parallelism leading to high throughput.The goal of fault tolerant computing is improve the dependability of systems where dependability can be defined as the ability of a system to deliver service at an acceptable level of confidence in either presence or absence falult.ss The results of the simulation and implementation using Xilinx ISE software and the LCD screen on the FPGA's Board will be shown at last.
Keywords: Bose- Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem (BCH)codes, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Defect/fault tolerance, error correcting code (ECC), very large scale integration circuits(VLSI).

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D. Kavitha, R. Anandh, D. Karthikeyan, "An Efficient Fault Tolerance System Design for Cmos/Nanodevice Digital Memories" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluation of Post-liquefaction Reconsolidation Settlement based on Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)
  AlketaNdoj,VeronikaHajdari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper aims to deal with the evaluation of post-liquefaction reconsolidation settlement of soils using Standard Penetration Tests data. Evaluation of the settlement is conducted at Semani site in Albania, according to the SPT method presented by Idriss and Boulanger 2008, 2010. The input data for the SPT method are SPT borings with depth, moment magnitude of the earthquake, maximum surface acceleration during earthquake, depth to ground water table, and the unit weights of the soils. The calculation procedure includes estimation of the cyclic stress ratio induced in the soil by the earthquake, cyclic resistance ratio that will cause liquefaction, factor of safety against the triggering of liquefaction, post-liquefaction strain and of the post-liquefaction reconsolidation settlement. The results of the calculations utilizing this procedure are shown in graphs and are compared to those based on CPT method. It is observed that the calculated post-liquefaction reconsolidation settlements based on SPT method are less than ones calculated based on CPT method.
Keywords: Chronic Factor of safety,Liquefaction, Post-liquefaction reconsolidation strain, Standard penetration test, Settlement

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AlketaNdoj,VeronikaHajdari, "Evaluation of Post-liquefaction Reconsolidation Settlement based on Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Attacks Prevention and Detection Techniques In MANET: A Survey
  Pranjali D. Nikam, Vanita Raut
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless sensor network is a set of distributed sensor nodes. Which are randomly deployed in geographical area to capture climatic changes like temperature, humidity and pressure. In Wireless Network MANET is a Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks which is a one self-configurable network. MANET is a collection of Wireless mobile node which is dynamically moves from one location to another location. Both attacks Active as well as Passive attacks is in MANET. It doesn't have a static structure. Security for wireless network is much difficult as compare to wired networks. In last few years many security and attacks issue are face many researchers in MANET. Attacks like Packet dropping attack, Black-Hole attack, Denial of Service attack, wormhole attacks and Packet modification attacks found in MANET. At the time of data communication all the above mentioned attacks access data easily without permission. To solve the problem of attacks in MANET and secure data communication use Intrusion Detection System. In This paper propose the survey of different kinds of attacks on MANET and Wireless sensor networks. This paper helps to young researcher for implement new hybrid algorithm for secure intrusion detection in MANET.
Keywords: Image Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks, Wireless sensor networks, Intrusion detection system, Attacks. Ad-hoc On- Demand Distance vector, Network Security

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Pranjali D. Nikam, Vanita Raut, "Attacks Prevention and Detection Techniques In MANET: A Survey" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Performance And Emission Characteristics Of A Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Using Methyl Esters Of Mustard Biodiesel Blends
  K.Basavaraju,G.Jamunarani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
Key words: Variable compression ratio CI engine, performance, emissions, biodiesel, B10 (diesel 90% + Mustard oil 10% +0.05%Methyl-Ester) B20,diesel 80% + Mustard oil 10% + 0.10%Methyl-Ester)

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K.Basavaraju,G.Jamunarani, "Performance And Emission Characteristics Of A Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Using Methyl Esters Of Mustard Biodiesel Blends" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The simultaneous loop flow correction analysis in the water feed network of Minkok Edjombo (SOUTH –CAMEROON).
  MENDOMO MEYE SERGES
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With increasing population growth and industrial development, water flow rates and other hydraulic requirements associated with water distribution systems have been estimated to increase both national and local scale. Water shortage will cause inconvenience to people's life and it will impact city function and industrial production. Hence to overcome this problem design and analysis of water distribution system is necessary to get optimal discharge. In this paper a water pipeline network analysis with a case study of a small city (Minkok-Edjombo) in the southern Cameroon system has been undertaken. What prompted this study is that the case study has a lot of fluctuations in its head loss. Also, the discharge is not proportional to the pipe diameter. The study therefore adopted simultaneous loop flow correction method because it computes simultaneous flows corrections for all loops, hence, the best since computational procedures takes into account the iterative influence of flow corrections between loops which have common pipes. After applying the simultaneous loop flow correction analyze in a twenty-four sampled pipeline network, a drastic reduction in head loss and regular line along the axis was observed. Besides, the rate at which the water flows was observed to be proportional to the pipe diameter. Hence, the method is a useful aid in planning, designing and operating of reticulated pipeline network for higher efficiency and improved economy.
Keywords: flow rate, head loss, iteration, junctions loops, pipe network analysis.

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MENDOMO MEYE SERGES, "The simultaneous loop flow correction analysis in the water feed network of Minkok Edjombo (SOUTH –CAMEROON)." Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review on Congestion control Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks
  N. Thrimoorthy and Dr. T .Anuradha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been in many applications and systems with vastly varying requirements and characteristics. Due to this, it would be difficult to decide the requirements regarding hardware issues and software support. Heterogeneous applications can be integrated within the same wireless sensor network with the aid of modern motes that have multiple sensors on a single radio board. Considering such multi-purpose nodes, different types of data could be generated from such types of motes with many transmission characteristics in terms of priority, transmission rate, required bandwidth, tolerable packet loss, delay demands etc. WSNs have many different constraints, such as computational power, storage capacity, energy supply and the most important issue is their energy constraint. Energy aware routing protocol is very important in WSN, but only considering energy has no efficiency in performance. Congestion in WSNs is one of the critical problems still from its evolution. Congestion causes malfunctions such as packet loss, lower throughput, energy efficiency, increase in collisions, increase in queuing delay and decreased network lifetime. As a result, the performance of the whole network is subject to undesirable and unpredictable changes. In this paper, WSN performance control by robust Congestion control approaches that aim to keep the network operational under varying network conditions is presented.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), multipath routing protocol, rate reduction, Congestion Control, Rate control, Network Performance.

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N. Thrimoorthy and Dr. T .Anuradha, "A Review on Congestion control Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fracture Toughness Characterization
  Manuel Beltrán Z, Felipe Hernández S, Diego Rivas L, Jorge L. González V, Héctor Dorantes R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper addresses the fracture toughness (), or also known as critical stress intensity Factor, according to conditions of Lineal Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). The characterization of the mechanical properties in tensile and fracture toughness of structural steel pipes API-5L used in hydrocarbons transportation was performed. For fracture toughness, the material was tested through fatigue crack propagation on standardized compact specimen (CT) according to ASTM E-399 norm. A thickness (B) equal to and a crack size (a) equal to 0.5w were used. With the porpoise of establishing the adequate conditions at the crack tip, the specimens were subjected to fatigue pre-cracking by application of repeated cycles of load in tensile-tensile and constant load amplitude with a load ratio of R = 0.1. The experimental Compliance method was used based on data obtained from load vs. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). The results show a Stress Intensity factor of 35.88 MPa√m for a 25 mm crack size specimen. The device used for testing is a MTS-810 machine with capacity of 100KN and 6 kHz sampling rate, which meets the conditions of the ASTM E-399 standard. The cracking susceptibility of steel is influenced by the size, morphology and distribution of non-metallic inclusions, thermochemical interaction with the environment and microstructure.
Keywords: Fracture Toughness, Fracture Mechanics, Crack, Finite Element Method, Stress Intensity Factor.

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E. Manuel Beltrán Z, Felipe Hernández S, Diego Rivas L, Jorge L. González V, Héctor Dorantes R, "Fracture Toughness Characterization" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Management in Aurangabad City
  ManishaR.Mundhe
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The Aurangabad City is located in the heart of Maharashtra State an urban center of the Deccan sub-region. The water provided by the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) is not sufficient for the use of citizen. In this study, we have only considered the water resources available in the different area only in the Aurangabad city.All resources are mapped on the Google map/Google earth using KML platform. The Groundwater resources available in the Aurangabadare mapped in Google earth and detail availability of the water is provided. These ground water resources are divided into different Zones according to the availability of the water in that particular location. The spatial data of the available water resources according tothe area are mapped with all detail of the water available such as usage and different sources available along with their property so it's convenient for analysis the spatial data.
Key words: GIS(Geographic Information Systems), ICT (Information And Communications Technology), OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)

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ManishaR.Mundhe, "Geospatial Technologies for Groundwater Management in Aurangabad City" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Study the Chip Tool Interactions & Tool Life in Plain Turining with High Velocity Air Jet as the Cooling Medium
  Mr. T. Eswara Rao, Mr. G. Bala Murali
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Introduction of green concepts in machining operations is being envisaged by introducing different echo friendly cooling systems in the modern machine shops. The role of cutting fluids usage in metal cutting is predominant as it influences the surface quality and production cost. The current work mainly focuses on the study of chip tool interactions viz. contact pressure, temperature and chip flow pattern on the rake surface in plain turning operation for different cutting parameters without any cooling medium and analyze the influence of high pressure air jet as the cooling medium on the chip tool interactions like contact pressure reducing the tool wear, cutting temperatures thereby increasing tool life.
Keywords: Modelling, Machining, Compressor, Air Jets, Nozz

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Mr. T. Eswara Rao, Mr. G. Bala Murali, "Study the Chip Tool Interactions & Tool Life in Plain Turining with High Velocity Air Jet as the Cooling Medium" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of Boost Inverter to Multi Input PV system
  G.SHINYVIKRAM
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the shortage of the energy and ever increasing of the oil price, research on the renewable and green energy sources, especially the solar arrays and the fuel cells, becomes more and more important. How to achieve high step- up and high efficiency DC/DC converters is the major consideration in the renewable power applications due to the low voltage of PV arrays and fuel cells. The conventional boost converters increase the harmonics rate and add an extra stage of power conversion. This paper proposes a boost dc-ac inverter that can invert and boost the output voltage in a single stage. In this paper the proposed boost dc-ac inverter is applied to the solar power panels and is simulated using Simulink. The output results of the boost inverter are worthy promising.

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G.SHINYVIKRAM, "Application of Boost Inverter to Multi Input PV system" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improving Galacto-Oligosaccharide Content in the Production of Lactose-Reduced Yogurt
  André Rosa Martins, Ana Paula Manera, Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert, Carlos André Veiga Burkert
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In a lactic fermentation process with probiotic microorganisms and the simultaneous addition of - galactosidase, the reduction of lactose content and the formation of galacto-oligosaccharides were evaluated. The fermentation was promoted by lactic culture containing two probiotic microorganisms, Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, associated with the typical microorganisms of yogurt, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. An enzymatic preparation containing -galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus niger was used. A central composite rotational design (CCRD) and a total of 10 assays (22 assays plus axial points and two replicates at the central point) were conducted in order to evaluate the effects of enzyme concentration and the time of addition of the enzyme. Based on an experimental design, empirical models for the final lactose concentration and GOS concentration were proposed. The following conditions were established in order to maximize GOS concentration: enzyme concentration of 0.44 g/L and enzyme addition after 90 min from the beginning of fermentation. In these conditions a ten-fold increase in GOS concentration and a four-fold decrease in lactose concentration were observed in comparison with fermentation without enzyme addition.
Keywords: enzymatic catalysis, -galactosidase, galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose hydrolysis, lactic fermentation.

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André Rosa Martins, Ana Paula Manera, Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert, Carlos André Veiga Burkert, "Improving Galacto-Oligosaccharide Content in the Production of Lactose-Reduced Yogurt" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Liquid crystal bio-based epoxy coating with enhanced performance
  Rasha A. El-Ghazawy, Hessin I. El-Shafey, Ashraf M. El-Saeed, Abdel-Raheim M. Abdel-Raheim and Maher A. El-Sockary
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Tetrafunctional rosin based epoxy was synthesized and cured with either rosin based hardener or conventional phenylene diamine to study the feasibility of producing high performance thermosetting polymer from renewable resource. The chemical structure of the prepared epoxy was confirmed by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1HNMR, UV, total acid number and epoxy equivalent weight. Dynamic mechanical (DMA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses results indicate that fully biobased epoxy system possesses high glass transition temperature (Tg), high modulus (G`) and improved thermal stability.
Keywords: DMA, high performance epoxy coating, liquid crystal crosslinker, rosin, thermal stability

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Rasha A. El-Ghazawy, Hessin I. El-Shafey, Ashraf M. El-Saeed, Abdel-Raheim M. Abdel-Raheim and Maher A. El-Sockary, "Liquid crystal bio-based epoxy coating with enhanced performance" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Financing Small Scale Contractors through Mobilization Advance Payments for Improved Performance: The Case of the Tamale Metropolis
  Debrah Kwame Donkor, Baba Hananu, Paula Aninyie
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The construction industry plays an important role in any economy, and its activities are vital to the achievement of the socio-economic development goals of a nation. In Ghana, the construction and housing industry plays an immeasurable role in the national developmental agenda. What however, appears to be debatable is whether the industry wields the much expected driving force required to pronounce its vital contribution towards accelerated national growth in terms of infrastructural development. This paper assesses the extent to which Mobilization Advance Payment (MAP) contribute to the output of small scale contractors in the Tamale metropolis. Thirty (30) construction firms, fifteen (15) consultancy firms and fifteen (15) financial institutions were surveyed, and Chi-Squared (X2) test at α=0.05was run on responses using SPSS. The study revealed that 49% of key stakeholders in the construction industry in the Tamale metropolis see mobilization advance payment from clients as the most accessible and affordable form of construction financing. This was closely followed by Banks/Saving & Loans (regulated financial institution) with 43%, and 8% for non-regulated financial institutions. A significantly high number of consultants (60%) agreed that mobilization advance payment is the most accessible and affordable form of construction financing. The Chi-Squared (X2) Test on MAP and contractors performance also revealed an X2 statistic of ≈0.711 for a degrees of freedom of 4 which means that MAP arrangements for contractors contribute significantly to their output.
Keywords: Contractors, Construction, Finance, MAP, Performance.

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Debrah Kwame Donkor, Baba Hananu, Paula Aninyie, "Financing Small Scale Contractors through Mobilization Advance Payments for Improved Performance: The Case of the Tamale Metropolis" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Version 3

• Modelling and Simulation of a Grid-Connected PV System based on Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm
  F. Q. Al-Enezi, M. Rotaru, J. K. Sykulski
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The results presented in this paper have been acquired through simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) to a specific section of Alsabyia generation station part of Kuwait national grid with efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm incorporated into a DC-DC boost converter. The simulations were performed using Power Simulation Software (PSIM). The analytical model of a photovoltaic (PV) module has been combined with a ‗perturb and observe' (P&O) method so that MPP is achieved with the external temperature and solar radiation (SR) also considered. A DC-AC inverter is used to track the output voltage of the converter and interface the PV array with the grid. The results show that the model not only achieves the MPP function but also improves the output of the inverter by reducing the ripples in the sine waveforms.
Keywords: Solar radiation (SR), Grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV), Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

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F. Q. Al-Enezi, M. Rotaru, J. K. Sykulski, "Modelling and Simulation of a Grid-Connected PV System based on Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fundamental Aspects of Droplet Combustion Modelling
  Shah Shahood Alam, Ahtisham A. Nizami, Tariq Aziz
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present paper deals with important aspects of liquid droplet evaporation and combustion. A detailed spherically symmetric, single component droplet combustion model is evolved first by solving time dependent energy and species conservation equations in the gas phase using finite difference technique. Results indicate that the flame diameter F first increases and then decreases and the square of droplet diameter decreases linearly with time. Also, the F/D ratio increases throughout the droplet burning period unlike the quasi-steady model where it assumes a large constant value. The spherically symmetric model is then extended to include the effects of forced convection. Plots of ² D and droplet mass burning rate _f m versus time are obtained for steady state, droplet heating and heating with convection cases for a n-octane droplet of 1.3 mm diameter burning in standard atmosphere. It is observed that the mass burning rate is highest for forced convective case and lowest for droplet heating case. The corresponding values of droplet lifetime follow the inverse relationship with the mass burning rate as expected. Emission data for a spherically symmetric, 100m n-heptane droplet burning in air are determined using the present gas phase model in conjunction with the Olikara and Borman code [1] with the aim of providing a qualitative trend rather than quantitative with a simplified approach. It is observed that the products of combustion maximise in the reaction zone and NO concentration is very sensitive to the flame temperature. This paper also discusses the general methodology and basic governing equations for analysing multicomponent and high pressure droplet vaporisation/combustion in a comprehensible manner. The results of the present study compare fairly well with the experimental/theoretical observations of other authors for the same conditions. The droplet sub models developed in the present work are accurate and yet simple for their incorporation in spray combustion codes.
Keywords: droplet combustion models, gas and liquid phases, numerical solution, simplified approach, spray combustion codes.

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Shah Shahood Alam, Ahtisham A. Nizami, Tariq Aziz ,"Fundamental Aspects of Droplet Combustion Modelling"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mathematical Model for Hemodynamicand Hormonal Effects of Human Ghrelin in Healthy Volunteers
  Geetha.T and Thangappan.R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hemodynamicand hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers.To investigate hemodynamic and hormonaleffects of ghrelin, a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide, we gave six healthy men an intravenousbolus of human ghrelin or placebo and vice versa1–2 wk apart in a randomized fashion. Ghrelin elicited amarked increase in circulating GH . The elevation ofGH lasted longer than 60 min after the bolus injection.Injection of ghrelin significantly decreased mean arterialpressure without a significant changein heart rate .In summary, human ghrelin elicited a potent, longlastingGH release and had beneficial hemodynamic effectsvia reducing cardiac afterload and increasing cardiac outputwithout an increase in heart rate. Thus, the purpose of thisstudy was to investigate hemodynamic and hormonaleffects of intravenous ghrelin in healthy volunteers. This paper discussed the constant stress level of healthy volunteers with times to damage of stress effect andrecoveries
Keywords: hemodynamics; hormones; vasodilation,TTO,TTP

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Geetha.T and Thangappan.R ,"Mathematical Model for Hemodynamicand Hormonal Effects of Human Ghrelin in Healthy Volunteers"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based Dstatcom
  B. Suryajitt, G. Sudhakar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a three-phase, five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
Key words: DSTATCOM, Level shifted Pulse width modulation (LSPWM), Phase shifted Pulse width modulation (PSPWM), Cascaded H- Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Proportional-Integral (PI) control, CHB multilevel inverter, D-Q reference frame theory.

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B. Suryajitt, G. Sudhakar, "Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based Dstatcom"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Unsteady Free Convection MHD Flow of an Incompressible
  Electrically Conducting Viscous Fluid through Porous Medium
  between Two Vertical Plates
  Dr. G. Prabhakararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we investigate unsteady free convection MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid through porous medium under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field between two heated vertical plate with one plate is adiabatic. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the Integral Transform Technique. The obtained results of velocity and temperature distributions are shown graphically and are discussed on the basis of it. The effects of Hartmann number, Darcy parameter, Prandtl number and the decay factor, and effects of adiabatic plate on the velocity and temperature fields are discussed.
Keywords: MHD flow, Unsteady Flow, Adiabatic Plate, Heat Transfer, Darcy parameter

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Dr. G. Prabhakararao, "Unsteady Free Convection MHD Flow of an Incompressible Electrically Conducting Viscous Fluid through Porous Medium between Two Vertical Plates" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• MHD Effects And Heat Transfer On A Boundary Layer Flow Past A Stretching Plate With Heat Source/Sink In The Presence Of Viscous Dissipation
  J. Venkata Madhu, M. N. Rajasekhar, B. Shashidar Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The boundary layer flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid past a stretching plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field with heat transfer taking into the account the viscous dissipation effects is considered in this present study. The non-linear momentum boundary layer and heat transfer equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme. The solution is found to be dependent on magnetic field parameter M, Source term S, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec . The results are shown graphically to illustrate the effects of these parameters on the fluid velocity and temperature distribution in the boundary layer.
Keywords: Magnetic field effects, boundary layer flow, heat transfer, stretching plate and Viscous Dissipation.

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J. Venkata Madhu, M. N. Rajasekhar, B. Shashidar Reddy, "MHD Effects And Heat Transfer On A Boundary Layer Flow Past A Stretching Plate With Heat Source/Sink In The Presence Of Viscous Dissipation"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Using PI & Fuzzy Logic Technique
  B. Aishwarya, N. Swathi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation. The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of non-linear loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system. These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
Keywords: Harmonic suppression, Hybrid power filter, modeling, non linear control, reactive power comp ensation, Shunt Hybrid Power Filter and Thyristor Controlled Reactor (SHPF-TCR compensator), thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR), Fuzzy logic Controller.

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B. Aishwarya, N. Swathi, "Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Using PI & Fuzzy Logic Technique" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation on Growth and Optical Properties of LVCC Single Crystals
  N. Sheen Kumar and S.L. Rayar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

L-valine cadmium chloride (LVCC) single crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mole) of CdCl2. All the grown crystals were subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Solid state parameters were calculated for the grown crystals. The optical properties of the crystals were investigated by UV-Vis. absorption spectroscopy. The results revealed that, the wider bandgap and large transparency in the visible region along with higher polarizability of the grown crystals are highly useful in optoelectronic devices. Also according to our needs, one can tune the optical and electrical properties of LVCC crystals by adjusting the concentration of CdCl2 in LVCC.

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N. Sheen Kumar and S.L. Rayar, "Investigation on Growth and Optical Properties of LVCC Single Crystals" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Microcontroller Based Intrusion Detection System
  Ewunonu Toochi, Okwe Gerald Ibe, Iwuchukwu U.C,Uzuegbu C.J
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A Microcontroller based Intrusion Detection System is designed and implemented. Rampant, Okintrusion to restricted zones have highlighted the need for embedded systems that can effectively monitor, instantly alert personnel of any breach in security and retrieve graphic evidence of any such activity in the secured area. At the heart of the intrusion detection system is the PIC 168F77A Microcontroller that transmits pulses at 38 KHz. It is suitably interfaced to a GSM modem that can send SMS on sight of infringement and a webcam that can take snapshots. The report also presents the system software which has been developed in two parts: one in C++ Language using MPLAB KIT and the other written in AT COMMAND resident in the GSM modem. The system is very cost-effective, uses easily available components and is adaptable to control systems.
Key words: Microcontroller, Microprocessor, C++ language, Embedded system, intrusion detection

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Ewunonu Toochi, Okwe Gerald Ibe, Iwuchukwu U.C, Uzuegbu C.J, "A Microcontroller Based Intrusion Detection System" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Increment of carbohydrate concentration of Chlorella minutissima microalgae for bioethanol production
  Ana Cláudia Freitas Margarites, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Microalgae, like any other microorganism react to changes in the external environment with changes in their intracellular environment. Thus, the manipulation of cultivation conditions, especially the presence or absence of certain nutrients, stimulates the biosynthesis of compounds of interest. Their carbohydrates can be used to produce bioethanol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the medium and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate components used in the culture medium of the microalgae Chlorella minutissima in the carbohydrate concentration of the same. Box-Behnken Planning was used, totaling 15 trials. The cultivations were carried out until early stationary phase of growth of the microalgae in closed 2 L reactors. At the end of the cultivation, the carbohydrate concentrations of dry biomass (%) and yield in carbohydrates (g.L^-1.d^-1) were determined. According to the analysis of effects, the microalgae Chlorella minutissima cultivated in Basal medium, with the addition of 0.125 gL^-1 of the nitrogenized component (KNO₃) and without addition of phosphatized components (K₂HPO₄ and KH₂PO₄) had a higher yield in carbohydrates in the cultivation (0,030 ± 0.002 g.L^-1.d^-1).
Keywords: culture medium, microalgae, nutrients.

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Ana Cláudia Freitas Margarites, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, "Increment of carbohydrate concentration of Chlorella minutissima microalgae for bioethanol production" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Low Voltage Low Power CMOS OP-AMP
  Shahid Khan, Prof. Sampath kumar V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Operational amplifiers are an integral part of many analog and mixed signal systems. As the demand for mixed mode integrated circuits increases, the design of analog circuits such as operational amplifiers in CMOS technology becomes more critical. This paper presents a two stage CMOS operational amplifier, which operates at ±1.8V power supply using TSMC 0.18um CMOS technology. The OP-AMP designed exhibit unity gain frequency of 12.6 MHz, and gain of 55.5db with 300uw power dissipation. The gain margin and phase margin of OP-AMP is 45˚ and 60˚ respectively. Design and simulation has been carried out in P Spice tool.
Keywords: 2 stage Op-Amp, Low voltage, Stability, frequency compensation

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Shahid Khan, Prof. Sampath kumar V, "Design of Low Voltage Low Power CMOS OP-AMP"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Geometric Modifications on the Performance of Vortex Tube - A Review
  O. M. Kshirsagar, V. V. Ankolekar. V. N. Kapatkar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The vortex tube is device, which produces hot and cold air streams simultaneously at its two ends from a source of compressed air without any moving part. Literature review of this paper is to understand the effect of various parameters like inlet pressure of air, number of nozzles, cold orifice diameter and hot end valve angle on the performance of vortex tube. Also by the literature review it is clear that there is no theory so perfect, which gives the satisfactory explanation of the vortex tube phenomenon. Due to this reason researcher conduct the series of experimentation to understand the effect of various parameters mentioned above on the performance of vortex tube.
Keywords: Experiment, Geometric, Modification, Performance, Vortex tube.

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O. M. Kshirsagar, V. V. Ankolekar. V. N. Kapatkar, "Effect of Geometric Modifications on the Performance of Vortex Tube - A Review"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic and Environmental Impact – A Case Study of Kanniya Kumari Coast
  Hajeeran Beevi. N, Sivakumar. S, and Vasanthi. R
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic And Environmental Impact – A Case Study Of Kanyakumari Coast". Kanyakumari is the southernmost district of Tamil Nadu. The software Arc Gis are used to demarcate the Natural Disaster ( Tsunami) and its socio Economic and Environment Impact. The district lies between longitudes is 77˚15‟ E 77˚36‟ Eastern longitudes. The Latitudes is 8˚03‟ N to 8˚35‟ Northern latitudes.The District is bound by Tirunelveli District on the North and the East. The South Eastern boundary is the Gulf of Manner. On the South and the South West, the boundaries are the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. On the West and Northwest it is bounded by Kerala. The Kanyakumari District total areas area is 1430.3Km. The Coastal Villages elevations are 5 meter to 50 meter above mean sea level.Tirunelveli linked with the Kanyakumari city by both road and railways. It is located south of Trichy at distance of 335km .Kanyakumari was formed 1835 AD. It has an area of 1671.3 Km2 with 16.76 Lakh populations as per 2011 Census. The study made by the researcher confirmed the various relief measures carried out in the affected areas in general and in Agashteeshwaram Taluk in Kanyakumari measures be programmed in such a way that they facilities of their livelihood besides regaining their aspirations of life.
Keywords: Natural Disaster, Arc Gis.

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Hajeeran Beevi. N, Sivakumar. S, and Vasanthi. R, "Natural Disaster (Tsunami) and Its Socio Economic and Environmental Impact – A Case Study of Kanniya Kumari Coast"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of High Speed 128 bit Parallel Prefix Adders
  T.KIRAN KUMAR, P.SRIKANTH
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose 128-bit Kogge-Stone, Ladner-Fischer, Spanning tree parallel prefix adders and compared with Ripple carry adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple Carry Adders (slow adders compare to other adders), and Carry Look Ahead adders (area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most Industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to other adders. Parallel prefix adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. While when we want to design any 128-bit operating systems and processors we can use these adders in place of regular adders. We simulate and synthesis different types of 128-bit prefix adders using Xilinx ISE 12.3 tool. By using these synthesis results, we noted the performance parameters like number of LUTs and delay. We compare these three adders in terms of LUTs (represents area) and delay values.
Keywords: prefix adder, carry operator, Kogge-Stone, Spanning tree, Ladner-Fischer.

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T.KIRAN KUMAR, P.SRIKANTH, "Design of High Speed 128 bit Parallel Prefix Adders"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Controlling and Reducing of Speed for Vehicles Automatically By
  Using Rf Technology
  Y. Ravindra Babu, Oggi Sudhakar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

For vehicle safety and safety for passengers in vehicle is an important parameter. Most of the vehicles get accident because no proper safety measures are taken especially at curves and hair pin bends humps and any obstacles in front of the vehicle. This system can be used for the prevention of such a problem by indicating a pre indication and also reducing the speed of vehicles by reducing the fuel rate of vehicle. As the action is in terms of fuel rate so the vehicle automatically goes to control and avoids the accidents. At curves and hair pin bends the line of sight is not possible for the drivers so the special kind of transmitter which is tuned at a frequency of 433MHZ are mounted as these transmitters continuously radiate a RF signal for some particular area. As the vehicle come within this radiation the receiver in the vehicle gets activate. The transmitter used here is a coded transmitter which is encoded with encoder. The encoder provides a 4 bit binary data which is serially transmitted to transmitter. The transmitter used here is ASK type (amplitude shift keying) which emits the RF radiation.
Keywords: Speed Reduction of vehicle where Humps detection, obstacle detection, steep edge detection. Introduction.

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Y. Ravindra Babu, Oggi Sudhakar, "Controlling and Reducing of Speed for Vehicles Automatically By Using Rf Technology"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Validation of the Newly Developed Fabric Feel Tester for Its Accuracy and Reproducibility
  S S Bhattacharya, A Das And P Pratihar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present paper deals with a comprehensive study of reproducibility of the newly developed instrument to study fabric handle characteristics using extraction principle. As reported earlier that a new nozzle extraction method for objective measurement of fabric handle characteristics has been developed. The force exerted by the fabric being drawn out of the nozzle is known as extraction force and the force exerted by the fabric at the side wall of the nozzle is known as radial force. A few fabric samples have been tested on this newly developed instrument and the effect of numbers of tests has been studied. It has been observed that minimum five samples of a fabric test in this instrument gives lower standard deviation of the test results. Also the overall deviations of results justified the reproducibility of the instrument and hence the said instrument if validated for its testing parameters.
Keywords: Nozzle extraction, fabric handle, instrument, reproducibility, validity

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S S Bhattacharya, A Das And P Pratihar, "Validation of the Newly Developed Fabric Feel Tester for Its Accuracy and Reproducibility"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Separation of Water to Concentrate Aloe Vera Juice
  Ishfaq Abdullah, WaheeduzZaman Malik, Hassan Saleemi, Ahmad Bilal, M.Rizwan Shahid
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Aloe Vera is a succulent plant and is found in different arid areas. Due to its healing effect and soothing properties it is being used in herbal medicines for years and its importance has grown due to use in cosmetic products. It contains more than thirty active ingredients, which are utilized in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. It also contains 98% water. To remove water from those active ingredient Reverse osmosis is used in order not to thermally damage the active ingredients present in the juice. A reverse osmosis is a separation technique which utilizes difference in pressure to segregate water from plant without damaging the active ingredients present in the plant. This research is dedicated to evaluate the parameter for separation of water from aloe Vera so that aloe Vera can be obtained in a form which can be utilized for different purposes such as cosmetics and medicine. Osmosis technique is preferred over other conventional technique for the separation purpose because it is not operated at high temperature, which will not damage the aloe Vera juice quality. Next step in this research is the preserving, drying and analysis of this juice so that this product can be utilized in versatile way.

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Ishfaq Abdullah, WaheeduzZaman Malik, Hassan Saleemi, Ahmad Bilal, M.Rizwan Shahid, "Separation of Water to Concentrate Aloe Vera Juice" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Interactive Fuzzy Goal Programming approach for Tri-Level Linear Programming Problems
  Dr. Taghreed A. Hassan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to present an interactive fuzzy goal programming approach to determine the preferred compromise solution to Tri-level linear programming problems considering the imprecise nature of the decision makers' judgments for the objectives. Using the concept of goal programming, fuzzy set theory, in combination with interactive programming, and improving the membership functions by means of changing the tolerances of the objectives provide a satisfactory compromise (near to ideal) solution to the upper level decision makers. Two numerical examples for three-level linear programming problems have been solved to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by using of metric distance functions with other approaches.
Keywords: interactive programming, goal programming, multi-objective optimization, fuzzy set theory and tri-level decision making,

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Dr. Taghreed A. Hassan, "Interactive Fuzzy Goal Programming approach for Tri-Level Linear Programming Problems"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Classification accuracy analyses using Shannon's Entropy
  Shashi Poonam Indwar, Dr.Nilanchal Patel
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

There are many methods for determining the Classification Accuracy. In this paper significance of Entropy of training signatures in Classification has been shown. Entropy of training signatures of the raw digital image represents the heterogeneity of the brightness values of the pixels in different bands. This implies that an image comprising a homogeneous lu/lc category will be associated with nearly the same reflectance values that would result in the occurrence of a very low entropy value. On the other hand an image characterized by the occurrence of diverse lu/lc categories will consist of largely differing reflectance values due to which the entropy of such image would be relatively high. This concept leads to analyses of classification accuracy. Although Entropy has been used many times in RS and GIS but its use in determination of classification accuracy is new approach.
Keywords: Classification, Entropy, Training signatures, Homogeneous, Heterogeneity

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Shashi Poonam Indwar, Dr.Nilanchal Patel, "Classification accuracy analyses using Shannon's Entropy"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Application of probiotics in complex treatment of tuberculosis
  Gavrilova N.N., Ratnikova I.A., Sadanov A.K., Bayakisheva.K, Tourlibaeva Z.J, Belikova O.A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The probiotic bacteria possessing ability to suppress growth of Mycobacterium B5 are revealed. Antagonistic activity in selected strains studied during the growth on various nutrient media. Strains adapted to the low pH exposure. They are steady against a number of the antibiotics, used at tuberculosis treatment. This testifies to the prospects of further studies on the use of probiotics in the complex therapy of tuberculosis.
Keywords: probiotic bacteria, antagonistic activity, antibiotics, steady, tuberculosis.

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Gavrilova N.N., Ratnikova I.A., Sadanov A.K., Bayakisheva.K, Tourlibaeva Z.J, Belikova O.A, "Application of probiotics in complex treatment of tuberculosis"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Data encryption using LSB matching algorithm and Reserving Room before Encryption
  Harshali Sanglikar, Pawamkumar Thorat, Neha Jadhav, R.AKhan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Now a days, more and more attention is paid to reversible data hiding (RDH) in encrypted images, since it maintains the excellent property that the original cover can be losslessly recovered after embedded data is extracted while protecting the image content's confidentiality. Previously proposed methods embed data by reversibly vacating room from the encrypted images, which may cause some errors in data during data extraction and/or image restoration. In this paper, a novel method of reserving room before encryption with a traditional RDH algorithm, and thus it is easy for the data hider to reversibly embed data in the encrypted image is proposed. The proposed method can achieve real reversibility, that is, data extraction and image recovery are free of any error.
Keywords: RDH, Prediction Error Expansion, Lossless Recovery

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Harshali Sanglikar, Pawamkumar Thorat, Neha Jadhav, R.AKhan, "Data encryption using LSB matching algorithm and Reserving Room before Encryption"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame Structure
  Mahdi Hosseini, Dr.HadiHosseini, Ahmad Hosseini
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The load-deformation response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation. The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall will be analysis.
Key words: Wind load,Structural walls ,Shear walls ,frame structure, Seismic Load,frame system

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Mahdi Hosseini, Dr.HadiHosseini, Ahmad Hosseini, "Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame Structure"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection in Tiruchirappalli District Using Remote Sensing and GIS
  P.sujatha and Dr.R.Baskaran, N.Hajeeranbeevi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Land use and land cover is dominant role in the part of urbanization. As the rapid urbanization led various activities in a region and these changes generally takes place in the agricultural land and caused decrease of arable land .The satellite imageries LANDSAT 5TM (1990), LANDSAT 7ETM (2000) AND LISS 111 (2010) data's are used. The scales are 1:50,000. 1990, 2000 and 2010 covering a period of 19 years the aerial distribution of the land use and land cover changes has been observed. The changes were identified ,in which the decrease of Agricultural land, Natural vegetation , Scrub land and Water body and increase of Built up land, Fallow land, River sand and Without scrub land. The land use and land cover maps are prepared by using GIS software to evaluate the changes and it is showed strong variation.
Keywords: Land use and land cover changes in Tiruchirappalli district and GIS.

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P. sujatha and Dr.R.Baskaran, N.Hajeeranbeevi, "Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection in Tiruchirappalli District Using Remote Sensing and GIS"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TURBINE BLADES IN STEAM POWER PLANT
  SYED ATAUL REHAMAN BASHA
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The development of any country directly relates on capital energy consumption. The demand for power generation on the large scale is increasing day by day. Owing to their major contribution towards power production, thermal power plants have a vital role to play in the development of nation. Due to the scarcity of power every power plant needs to be operated at maximum level of efficiency. In case of thermal power plants this applies equally to all its auxiliaries.

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SYED ATAUL REHAMAN BASHA, "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TURBINE BLADES IN STEAM POWER PLANT"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved Grid Synchronization Algorithm for DG System using DSRF PLL under Grid disturbances
  R.Godha Ch.V.S.S.Sailaja K.V.Ramana Murthy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Distributed Generation (DG) System is a small scale electric power generation at or near the user's facility as opposed to the normal mode of centralized power generation. In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of power system based on DS, grid synchronization algorithm plays a very important role. This paper presents a Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DSRF) phase locked loop (PLL) based on synthesis circuit for grid synchronization of distributed generation (DG) system under grid disturbances aimed to provide an estimation of the angular frequency and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of an unbalanced three-phase signal. The design of this PLL is based on a complete description of the source voltage involving both positive and negative sequences in stationary coordinates and considering the angular frequency as an uncertain parameter.
Keywords: Grid synchronization, phase locked loop, power quality, grid disturbances, positive and negative sequence detection, synthesis circuit, adaptive control, frequency estimation.

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R.Godha Ch.V.S.S.Sailaja K.V.Ramana Murthy, "Improved Grid Synchronization Algorithm for DG System using DSRF PLL under Grid disturbances" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Determination of Immobilization Process Parameters of Corynebacterium glutamicum on Kappa carrageenan, Its Application in L-lysine Fermentation and The Investigation Into Its Storage Conditions
  Tam Thi Minh Tran, Suong Thi Hong Nguyen, Huong Thuy Nguyen
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The parameters of the immobilized process of Corynebacterium glutamicum on kappa carrageenan were identified by Plackett-Burman matrix, and the experiments were designed by response surface methodology having the central composite designs (RSM-CCD). The maximum yield of cell immobilization on kappa carrageenan carrier reached at 78% ± 2%. Optimal parameters were 3 grams kappa carrageenan per 100 militters sterile water and 58.58 million cfu/mL, forming gels at 10⁰C for 25 minutes and the speed when soaking particles of 150 rpm for 120 minutes in 0.58 M potassium chlorua solvent. The immobile finished products are applied in L-lysine production, their reusing ability is 3 times and the total yield of L-lysine was accumulated 93 g/L in medium during 96 fermented hours. The L-lysine productivity of the batch fermentation was 0.969 g.L^-1.h^-1. And the set-up storage conditions are the mixed solvent of CaCl₂ 0.5% (w/v) and KCl 0.5% (w/v); pH is 7.0 in 40C. After 60 storage days, the survival cell rate was remained 51%.
Keywords: Corynebacterium glutamicum, kappa carrageenan, entrapment, micro-entrapment, Plackett-Burman, Response Surface Methods, Central Composite Designs, L-lysine production, batch fermentation

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Tam Thi Minh Tran, Suong Thi Hong Nguyen, Huong Thuy Nguyen, "Determination of Immobilization Process Parameters of Corynebacterium glutamicum on Kappa carrageenan, Its Application in L-lysine Fermentation and The Investigation Into Its Storage Conditions"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing Industries
  Riddhish Thakore, Rajat Dave, Tejas Parsana, Amit Solanki
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Higher Productivity achievement is very crucial factor for the field of production. With the High productivity various other factors must be taken in to consideration in manufacturing industries such as global competitors, diversity in product range, lead time and customer demand in terms of quality and quantity. A new benchmark called Six Sigma has been invented for dealing with all these needs. Six sigma is a quality initiative which reduces variations in a process and helps to lower the cost of product as well as process. The objective of this paper is to review and examine the advancement and encounters of six sigma practices in Global manufacturing Industries and identify the key tools for each step in successful Six Sigma project execution. The paper also integrates the lessons learned from successful six sigma projects and their prospective applications in various manufacturing Industries. In today scenario, many global manufacturing industries operate their processes at the two to four sigma quality levels.
Key words: Six Sigma, DMAIC, review, Tools and Techniques.

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Riddhish Thakore, Rajat Dave, Tejas Parsana, Amit Solanki, "A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing Industries" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Some More Results on Intuitionistic Semi Open Sets
  S.Girija and Gnanambal Ilango
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to define and study the intuitionistic semi open sets in intuitionistic topological space. Also some properties of this set are discussed.
Keywords: Intuitionistic semi open set, Intuitionistic limit point, Intuitionistic interior, Intuitionistic closure, Intuitionistic topological space.

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S.Girija and Gnanambal Ilango, "Some More Results on Intuitionistic Semi Open Sets"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Stress Analysis and Optimization of a Piaggio Ape Clutch Plate with different Friction Materials
  B.Sreedher, N.Amaranageswararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

clutch plate is one of the important part in the power transmission systems. Good design of clutch provides better engine performance. Clutch is device which is used to engage or disengage of gears and it transfers the rotary motion of one shaft to the other shaft when desired. In automobiles friction clutches are widely used in power transmission applications. To transmit maximum torque in friction clutches selection of the friction material is one of the important tasks. In this thesis a model of Piaggio Ape clutch plate has been generated in Pro-E Cre0-5 and then imported in ANSYS for power transmission applications. We have conducted structural analysis by varying the friction surfaces material and keeping base material aluminium same. By seeing the results, Comparison is done for both materials to validate better lining material for Piaggio Ape clutch plate by doing analysis on clutch with help of ANSYS software for find out which material is best for the lining of friction surfaces.
Keywords: cork, cr2m, cre0-5 , Kevlar, Piaggio ape , sa80, sa92…..

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B.Sreedher, N.Amaranageswararao, "Stress Analysis and Optimization of a Piaggio Ape Clutch Plate with different Friction Materials"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Static & Thermal Analysis of Positive Multiple Friction Plate using FEA Package
  Shaik Mohammad Ali, N.Amaranageswararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Clutch is a mechanical device, which is used to engage or disengage the source of power from the rest of the power transmission system at the operator's will. The clutch can connect or disconnect the driving shaft from the driven shaft when necessary. Clutches are designed to transfer maximum torque with minimum heat generation. During engagement and disengagement the two clutch discs has the sliding motion between them. The project contains that designing and analysis of two positive multi friction plates. For the designing of the friction plates 3d modeling software used and for the analysis ansys package is used. In the analysis part the two models are analyzed with different materials by conducting two types of analysis which are structural and thermal. Structural analysis is done to find out the stress values and the thermal analysis done to find out the temperature distribution on the model. By these two analysis results we are suggesting the best material to the effective model of the multiple friction plate.
Keywords: friction plates , Kevlar 49, LO31, Positive clutch plate , RP01….

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Shaik Mohammad Ali, N.Amaranageswararao, "Static & Thermal Analysis of Positive Multiple Friction Plate using FEA Package"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analysis of a Compessor Rotor using Finite Element Analysis
  Munagunuri Suneel Babu, N.Amaranageswararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The compressor compresses its working fluid by first accelerating the fluid and then diffusing it to obtain a pressure increase. In an axial flow compressor, air passes from one stage to the next, each stage raising the pressure slightly. The energy level of air or gas flowing through it is increased by the action of the rotor blades which exert a torque on the fluid which is supplied by an electric motor or a steam or a gas turbine. In this present work we are taken the existing model of transonic compressor test rotors which contains 18 blades. The model was modeled in Pro-E Creo 5.0 with existing dimensions and analyzed using Ansys14.5. For the analysis we are taken two different materials and compared the values. For the further extension we changed the existing mode by decreasing the number of blades and analyzed with different materials. The developed stress values of the existing model are compares with the modified models. Our objective is to increase the performance of the rotor blade by changing the materials and the model. From the observation we will suggest which model is suitable for the compressor rotor.
Keywords: Ansys14.5, compressor , chromium steel , Pro-E Creo 5.0, Rotor & Titanium (g-5)

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Munagunuri Suneel Babu, N.Amaranageswararao, "Analysis of a Compessor Rotor using Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modification of a Two Wheeler Suspension System using Fea
  Koneti.Manikanta, N.Amaranageswararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A spring is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to compress when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. A spring is a flexible element used to exert a force or a torque and, at the same time, to store energy. The force can be a linear push or pull, or it can be radial. In two wheelers we used to see helical suspension at the front and rear tyres on both sides. But the new model bikes are replacing the rear double suspension with the single heavy duty suspension. Our project deals with the design and modification of the suspension system and analyzing that can we replace one heavy duty spring in the place of double springs. For this we have conducted structural analysis by varying the spring material and keeping base material same. By seeing the results, Comparison is done for four materials to validate better material for suspension system by doing analysis on spring with help of ANSYS software for find out which material is best for the suspension system. And also we modified the actual model and also conducting the same analysis on it and validating that which model is better. The modeling done in Creo-5 and analysis is done Ansys package.
Keywords: ANSYS, Creo-5, high carbon spring wire, non ferrous alloy wire & high temp alloy wire.

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Koneti.Manikanta, N.Amaranageswararao, "Modification of a Two Wheeler Suspension System using Fea"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 5

• A typical Realization of the process with linear recovery of Aldosterone
  Geetha. T and Sangeetha. B
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis overactivity and sleep EEG changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to the HPA axis is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed by mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II (ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. The first passage time and the bounds of the survival functions for the application are also obtained

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Geetha. T and Sangeetha. B, "A typical Realization of the process with linear recovery of Aldosterone"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design Analysis and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engine Piston using CAE tool ANSYS
  Aditya Kumar Gupta, Vinay Kumar Tripathi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the internal combustion engine there are many reciprocating parts which are responsible for giving the motion to the engine. from them the piston is very important part of the internal combustion engine.. The working condition of the piston is so worst in comparison of other parts of the internal combustion engine. There is very high probability to failure of the piston due to high wear and tear. So there is necessary to inspection the working condition of piston. In before there is no availability of software packages. So there is difficult to check out the failure of the piston, it is also very time taken process. In now days the software packages are used to consume less time and give quality assurance. In this study work there are two steps of analysis of the piston they are Designing and Analysis. Firstly design the model of the piston in giving design specification on the modelling software like INVENTOR . Then giving it the constraints which are act on the working condition of the piston after import the model of the piston into the analysis software ANSYS in IGES format. Then the analysis become completed on the different parameters(temperature, stress, deformation) and easily analysis the result. In this work the piston become optimized after the reducing the material of the piston. the mass and volume of the piston become reduced. The deformation also increased after the optimization which is responsible for the stress distribution on the piston head or piston crown.
Keywords: Piston , INVENTOR, ANSYS

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Aditya Kumar Gupta, Vinay Kumar Tripathi, "Design Analysis and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engine Piston using CAE tool ANSYS"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Continuation Power Flow Method based Assessment of Static Voltage Stability considering the Power System Contingencies
  Aafreen Khan, Baseem Khan, Shankarshan Prasad Tiwari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Power system security is recognized as one of the major problems in many power systems throughout the world. Power system insecurity such as transmission lines being overloaded causes transmission elements cascade outages, which may lead to complete blackout. In accordance with these reasons, the prediction and recognition of voltage instability in power system has particular importance and it makes the network security stronger. This work, by considering the power system contingencies based on the effects of them on Mega Watt Margin (MWM) and maximum loading point (MLP) is focused to analyse the voltage stability using continuation power flow method. The study has been carried out on IEEE 30-Bus Test System using MATLAB and PSAT softwares and results are presented.

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Aafreen Khan, Baseem Khan, Shankarshan Prasad Tiwari,"Continuation Power Flow Method based Assessment of Static Voltage Stability considering the Power System Contingencies" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Amelioration of safety management in infrastructure projects
  Mr. Gopinath S.Mohite, Prof. Ashish P.Waghmare
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Accidents are a major public health concern, resulting in an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries worldwide each year specifically, the relationships between drivers' characteristics and road accidents are not fully understood. Many factors are involved in the accident occurrence at construction site. Some important elements that create a significant portion of accidents include: safety management error, poor training programs, human element, act of god, outdated procedure and no clear monitoring policy. Although some of these items are inevitable, but the occurrence of the largest part can be prevented. Therefore, for ameliorating the safety in a project each of these items should be analyzed and a practical approach introduced. In general, near miss, incident and accident are three dependent levels that mainly lead to injury. Risk and hazard are allocated in first level which means near miss, therefore, no on-time identification of hazard and risk causes to create incident and preventing accident in incident stage is unavoidable.
Key words: Accidents, Continuous amelioration, Health ,Safety execution, Safety,

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Mr. Gopinath S.Mohite, Prof. Ashish P.Waghmare, "Amelioration of safety management in infrastructure projects"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Road Safety Audit: A Case Study for Wardha Road in Nagpur City
  MANISH.D.KATIYARI, PROF.S.D.GHODMARE
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

India has a road network of an estimated 3.3 million km, which carries nearly 65 per cent of freight and 85 per cent of passenger traffic. The road traffic is estimated to be growing at an annual rate of 7-10 per cent, while the vehicle population is growing at a rate of 12 per cent per year. A Road Safety Audit (RSA) qualitatively estimates and reports on potential road safety issues and identifies opportunities for improvements in safety for all road users. The Road Safety Audit consists of safety principles to the design of a new or a rehabilitated road section, to prevent frequent occurrence of accidents or to reduce their severity. In this project analysis of one of the major arterial street of Nagpur city will be undertaken. The location of interest for the analysis is Wardha Road from Morris College Square to Airport Intersection. The roadway carries considerable amount of traffic throughout the day and it has number of conflict points such as merging of traffic from flyover. A detailed analysis of Wardha Road will be carried out from the point of view of safety and supplemental analysis regarding the traffic growth and accident analysis will also be performed. The project aims to identify deficiencies, developing mitigating strategies, improving public relations,enhancing credibility of the roads and calculating the crash rate of intersection or length of roads.
Keywords: Accident, road safety

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MANISH.D.KATIYARI, PROF.S.D.GHODMARE, "Road Safety Audit: A Case Study for Wardha Road in Nagpur City" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Utilizing Symbolic Programming in Analog Circuit Synthesis of
  Arbitrary Rational Transfer Functions
  Amjad Fuad Hajjar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The employment of symbolic programming in analog circuit design for system interfaces is proposed. Given a rational transfer function with a set of specifications and constraints, one may autonomously synthesize it into an analog circuit. First, a classification of the target transfer function polynomials into 14 classes is performed. The classes include both stable and unstable functions as required. A symbolic exhaustive search algorithm based on a circuit configuration under investigation is then conducted where a polynomial in hand is to be identified. For illustration purposes, a set of complete design equations for the primary rational transfer functions is obtained targeting all classes of second order polynomials based on a proposed general circuit configuration. The design consists of a single active element and four different circuit structures. Finally, an illustrative example with full analysis and simulation is presented.
Keywords: Analog Circuits, Filters, Interface, Maple, Symbolic Programming, Transfer Functions

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Amjad Fuad Hajjar, "Utilizing Symbolic Programming in Analog Circuit Synthesis of Arbitrary Rational Transfer Functions"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Bibliography, Background and Overview of UWB radar sensor
  Ahajjam Younes, José M Catala-civera, Felipe Peñaranda Foix, Abdellah Driouech
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the lack of studies in the literature that address the issue of UWB radar sensors, and also because of the great importance of this technology, which is gaining heavily in new application areas, such as the process industry and automotive engineering. A brief summary of the biography of UWB radar sensors have been treated and presented in this article, specifying the difference between pulsed radar sensors regarding CW radar sensor, and two subcategories SFCW FMCW, and highlight the benefits of each.
Keywords: UWB, pulsed, CW, SFCW, FMCW.

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Ahajjam Younes, José M Catala-civera, Felipe Peñaranda Foix, Abdellah Driouech, "Bibliography, Background and Overview of UWB radar sensor" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Complexity of pilgering in nuclear applications
  Krishna Aditya Y V
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Nuclear reactors use various types and sections of tubes manufactured with exotic materials meeting special requirements. These Tubes are manufactured using a Cold working process of Pilgering. Pilgering process is influenced by a lot of factors making it a highly complex process. In this paper the various influencing factors are compiled, segregated and briefly discussed.
Keywords: pilgering, cold working, nuclear applications, Vertical Mass Ring die mill, Cold Rolling Tube Mill

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Krishna Aditya Y V, "Complexity of pilgering in nuclear applications" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• SRGM Analyzers Tool of SDLC for Software Improving Quality
  Mr. Girish Nille, Prof. Bharat Tidake
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to estimate software reliability measures such as software failure rate, number of remaining faults and software reliability. In this paper, the software analyzers tool proposed for deriving several software reliability growth models based on Enhanced Non-homogeneous Poisson Process (ENHPP) in the presence of imperfect debugging and error generation. The proposed models are initially formulated for the case when there is no differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes and then this extended for the case when there is a clear differentiation between failure observation and fault removal testing processes. Many Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to describe software failures as a random process and can be used to measure the development status during testing. With SRGM software consultants can easily measure (or evaluate) the software reliability (or quality) and plot software reliability growth charts.
Key words: Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM), Testing Coverage (TC), Testing Time, Cobb Douglas Production Function, ENHPP (Enhanced Non-Homogenous Poisson Process), Fault Detection Rate (FDR).

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Mr. Girish Nille, Prof. Bharat Tidake, "SRGM Analyzers Tool of SDLC for Software Improving Quality" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Allocation Strategies of Virtual Resources in Cloud-Computing Networks
  K.Delhi Babu, D.Giridhar Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In distributed computing, Cloud computing facilitates pay per model as per user demand and requirement. Collection of virtual machines including both computational and storage resources will form the Cloud. In Cloud computing, the main objective is to provide efficient access to remote and geographically distributed resources. Cloud faces many challenges, one of them is scheduling/allocation problem. Scheduling refers to a set of policies to control the order of work to be performed by a computer system. A good scheduler adapts its allocation strategy according to the changing environment and the type of task. In this paper we will see FCFS, Round Robin scheduling in addition to Linear Integer Programming an approach of resource allocation.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Virtual Machine, Resource Allocation, Linear Integer Programming

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K.Delhi Babu, D.Giridhar Kumar, "Allocation Strategies of Virtual Resources in Cloud-Computing Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Optimization of Valveless Pulsejet Engine
  Karthick Raja.R, Rio Melvin Aro.T, Shyam Shankar.M.B, Vinoth.M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Simple design and efficiency make pulsejet engines attractive for aeronautical short-term operation applications. An active control system extends the operating range and reduces the fuel consumption considerably so that this old technology might gain a new interest. During the operations of these pulsejet engines the surfaces of engine will get more heated. In order to cool the engine surface and to get more thrust we have attached an additional component called secondary inlet in that valve less pulsejet engine. The pulsejet is the only jet engine combustor that shows a net pressure gain between the intake and the exhaust. The pulsejet is the only jet engine combustor that shows a net pressure gain between the intake and the exhaust. We choose the LOCKWOOD's design of pulsejet engine. By using the CFD analysis we have analysed the modified design of valveless pulsejet engine. This project provides an overview of this unique process and the results of these design modifications are reported.
Keywords: pulse jet engine, cool-down system, lockwood design, valveless type

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Karthick Raja.R, Rio Melvin Aro.T, Shyam Shankar. M. B, Vinoth.M "Design and Optimization of Valveless Pulsejet Engine"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Thermal Stress Analysis of a Speculative IC Engine Piston using CAE Tools
  Hitesh pandey, Avin Chandrakar, PM Bhagwat
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper deals with the pressure due to expanding combustion gases in the combustion chamber space at the top of the cylinder which generate thermal stresses due to presence of heat involved on the reciprocating masses. The present work deals with the use of different materials for IC engine piston and a comparative study is made to achieve the best possible result. Piston parameters are taken using the conventional formulas and are constant throughout the analysis. Moreover the boundary conditions are chosen such that the piston does not moves sideways except in the direction of line of action of the piston itself.
Keywords: Thermal stresses, FEA, IC engine Piston, pressure, Piston material

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Hitesh pandey, Avin Chandrakar, PM Bhagwat, "Thermal Stress Analysis of a Speculative IC Engine Piston using CAE Tools"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A new double layer epoxy coating for corrosion protection of Petroleum Equipments
  Maher A. El Sockary, Ashraf M. El-Saeed, Samya I. El Sherbiny, Fatma A. Morsy, Ehab A. Dawood and Mohamed A. ELleithy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Homogeneous epoxy coating containing polymer nanocomposite (PNC) was successfully synthesized and applied on carbon steel substrates by room temperature curing of fully mixed epoxy slurry. (PNC) containing both ZNO nanoparticles and epoxy hyper branched polymer (EHBP), a new double layer thin film which comprises ZNO-epoxy as a primer coat and ZNO-EHBP-epoxy as a top coat offers better corrosion protection compared to the purely inorganic ZNO-epoxy coating and hybrid ZNO-EHBP-epoxy coating. Chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, H1NMR spectroscopy and GPC. The surface morphology and phase structure of the produced Zno nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy SEM, transmission electron microscopy TEM and X-ray diffraction. Chemical resistance of theses coatings to NaOH and HCL was investigated. The effect of incorporating polymer nanocomposite and new double layer coating on corrosion resistance of epoxy coated steel was investigated by salt spray test.
Keywords: double layer coating, Epoxy coatings, Hyper branched polymers, polymer nanocomposites, ZNO nanoparticles.

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Maher A. El Sockary, Ashraf M. El-Saeed, Samya I. El Sherbiny, Fatma A. Morsy, Ehab A. Dawood and Mohamed A. ELleithy, "A new double layer epoxy coating for corrosion protection of Petroleum Equipments"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Performance of Octagrid and Hexagrid Lateral Load Resisting Systems For Tall Building Structure
  B K Raghu Prasad, Kavya A J, Amarnath K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The construction of high rise structure is quite common in this era. There are a number of high rise structures constructed all over the world and are being constructed. The analysis and design of high rise structure is quite different from that of low rise structures because of lateral forces due to wind and earthquake. In high rise structures the resistance to lateral loading (wind and earthquake loads) will be the dominant criteria that have to be considered in the analysis and design and an efficient lateral load resisting system will define the efficiency of tall structures. In the present paper it is aimed to study different lateral load resisting systems like octagrid and hexagrid bracing systems for tall building. Not much information is available in the literature on such systems. It is intended to study such lateral load resisting systems. The two types of bracing systems including octagrid and hexagrid bracings are modeled and analyzed. Behavior under lateral loads of hexagrid and octagridsystem is compared with that and the commonly employed shear wall systems. The key parameter for comparision is the top story displacement under wind and seismic loading, the maximum storey drift ratio and also quantity of concrete consumed. It is found that the hexagrid and octagrid systems are best with respect to the above parameter. Although there is a marginal increase in the quantity of concrete consumed.
Keywords: octagrids, hexagrids, drift, Time history

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B K Raghu Prasad, Kavya A J, Amarnath K, "Comparative Performance of Octagrid and Hexagrid Lateral Load Resisting Systems For Tall Building Structure"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Graphical Password by Watermarking for security
  Vanita Lonkar, Sonali Raut, Suchita Mesakar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The most common authentication method is to use alphanumerical usernames and passwords. This method has been shown to have considerable disadvantage. For example, users tend to pick passwords that can be easily guessed. On the other hand, if a password is very difficult to guess, then it is often difficult to remember. To address this problem, some researchers have developed authentication methods that use pictures as passwords. Graphical Password based on the fact that humans tend to remember images better. In this paper, we will propose a new algorithm that using watermarking technique as the solution to solving image gallery attacks and using the random character set generation for each image for resistance to shoulder surfing attack to provide better system security. All the information images in registration phase will be process by copy right protection of watermarking where the login page will check this information for security purposes.
Keywords: Graphical Password, Watermarking, Secure reorganization, Virus attack, Puzzle solving.

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Vanita Lonkar, Sonali Raut, Suchita Mesakar, "Graphical Password by Watermarking for security"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Overview of Power Generation Sector of Bangladesh and Proposed Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System
  Md. Raju Ahmed, Subir Ranjan Hazra, Md. Kamruzzaman
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electricity is the most usable form of energy, and one of the most crucial strategic issues for the sustainable development of a country. The projection of demand of electricity is an integral part of the planning process. Severe power crisis compelled the government to enter into contractual agreements for high-cost temporary solution such as rental power and small IPPS, on an emergency basis, most of these are diesel or liquid-fuel based. Load shading is an acute problem for the country. The country is confronting a simultaneous shortage of electricity. However, the country has substantial amount of renewable energy resources. The overview of power generation section of Bangladesh is presented; the potentiality of renewable energy sources in Bangladesh is discussed. Finally, a grid connected hybrid renewable energy system is proposed to overcome the problem of power crisis using sustainable clean energy at rural area.
Keywords: Power generation, renewable energy, biogas, PV system, hybrid system

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Md. Raju Ahmed, Subir Ranjan Hazra, Md. Kamruzzaman, "Overview of Power Generation Sector of Bangladesh and Proposed Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Finite Element Simulation for Determining the Optimum Blank Shape for Deep Drawing Process
  Mr. Ravikant Patel, Mr. Manish Raj, Mr. Akshay Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Deep drawing is one of widely used sheet metal working process in industries to produce cup shaped components at a very high rate. The present study aims to determine the optimum shape of blank for deep drawing of cylindrical cup without ears. Earing is one of the major defects observed during deep drawing process due to anisotropic nature of sheet metal. Earing is defined as formation of waviness on uppermost portion of deep drawn cup. Earing defect occurs due to non-uniform material properties within plane of sheet (i.e. planar anisotropy). Knowledge about ear formation in deep drawing process allows a prior modification of process which can result in defect free final product with financial saving and time. In the present study efforts have been made to study the earing problem in deep drawing of cylindrical cups by finite element modeling software HYPERWORK-6.12. The blank material as EN10130Fe01 mild steel sheet of 1mm thickness has been considered as it has wide application a fabricating critical automobile parts. Mechanical parameters of mild steel are incorporated in finite element simulation of deep drawing process. Significant earing was observed at rolling and transverse direction on deformed cup form circular blank. Modification of initial blank is done to find the optimum blank to reduce the earing defect. Optimal blank shows significant reduction of % earing height, reduction in drawing load & improvement in maximum thickness variations.
Keywords: Deep drawing, Earing, Anisotropy, R-values.

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Mr. Ravikant Patel, Mr. Manish Raj, Mr. Akshay Kumar, "Finite Element Simulation for Determining the Optimum Blank Shape for Deep Drawing Process"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Michaelis-Menten Kinetics in Transient State: Proposal for Reversible Inhibition Model and its Application on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Disaccharides
  André Rosa Martins, Lucas Oliveira
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The enzymatic processes according Michaelis-Menten kinetics have been studied from various approaches to describe the inhibition state. Proposals for inhibition were compared from a generic process, where kinetic constants have received unitary values, and the numeric value of the concentration of substrate was ten (10) times higher than the numerical value of the concentration of enzyme. For each inhibition model proposed, numerical solutions were obtained from nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations, generating results presents by graphs showing the variation of the enzyme and enzyme complexes, also the variation of substrate and product of the reaction. Also, was designed a model with performance, indicating similar behavior to that seen in the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, where complex of reaction is rapidly formed and throughout the process, tends to decay to zero. Thus, in this new proposed model, the effect of inhibition starts at zero and, throughout the process, tends to the nominal value of the initial enzyme concentration. Such responses have proved to be valid for different values of enzyme concentration and process time, showing robustness. The proposed model was applied to the hydrolysis of disaccharides, providing a setting with conservation of mass of the model at the end of the process regarding the responses of the carbohydrate concentration.
Keywords: enzymatic catalysis, kinetic model, Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

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André Rosa Martins, Lucas Oliveira, "Michaelis-Menten Kinetics in Transient State: Proposal for Reversible Inhibition Model and its Application on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Disaccharides"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Implementation and Performance Analysis of Kaiser and Hamming Window Techniques on FPGA
  Aditya Kulkarni, Dr. Ravi Sindal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Considering the importance of real time filtering, a comparison was done between two prominent window techniques known for digital filtering. A 16 tap digital band pass FIR filter is designed for each design technique (Kaiser and Hamming) and implemented over FPGA. The Simulink model of the filter confirms the correctness and other properties of the digital filter. Further a hardware descriptive code (VHDL) is generated for the designed filter which then will be loaded on to the FPGA. The VHDL code is speed optimized. The VHDL code is simulated and synthesized in Xilinx ISE. Further the performance analysis is done on FPGA to determine the applicability of the filter.
Keywords: FIR, FPGA, Hamming, Kaiser, VHDL,

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Aditya Kulkarni, Dr. Ravi Sindal, "Implementation and Performance Analysis of Kaiser and Hamming Window Techniques on FPGA"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• An Electrode Shape Configuration on the Performance of Die
  Sinking Electric Discharge Machine (EDM): A Review
  Abhijeetsinh V Makwana, Kapil S Banker
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the non-traditional machining processes, based on thermo electric energy between the work piece and an electrode. In this process, the material removal is occurred electro thermally by a series of successive discrete discharges between electrode and the work piece. The parametric analysis of the EDM process by using different electrode shapes has been carried out. This Research discusses the performance of die sinking EDM due to the shape configuration of the electrode. The effect of electrode shapes configuration on the performance of die sinking electric discharge machine has been carried out. The optimization of the parameters of the EDM machining has been carried out by using the taguchi‟s method for design of experiments (DOE). In this research we have used taguchi‟s method for design of experiments with three input parameters and their three levels of experiments. The dielectric used is kerosene diluted with water. The objective of the analysis is to optimize the process parameters of EDM with the help of taguchi method and using Minitab software.
Keywords: EDM, Electrode Shape Configuration, Taguchi Method, DOE, Parameter analysis.

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Abhijeetsinh V Makwana, Kapil S Banker, "An Electrode Shape Configuration on the Performance of Die Sinking Electric Discharge Machine (EDM): A Review"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Special Elements of a Ternary Semiring
  Dr. D. Madhusudana Rao, Goli Srinivasa Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we study the notion of some special elements such as identity, zero, absorbing, additive idempotent, idempotent, multiplicatively sub-idempotent, regular, Intra regular, completely regular, g–regular, invertible and the ternary semirings such as zero sum free ternary semiring, zero ternary semiring, zero divisor free ternary semiring, ternary semi-integral domain, semi-subtractive ternary semiring, multiplicative cancellative ternary semiring, Viterbi ternary semiring, regular ternary semiring, completely ternary semiring and characterize these ternary semirings.
Keywords: Multiplicatively sub-idempotent, regular, Intra regular, completely regular, g–regular, zero sum free ternary semiring, zero ternary semiring, zero divisor free ternary semiring, ternary semi-integral domain, semi-subtractive ternary semiring, Viterbi ternary semiring,

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Dr. D. Madhusudana Rao, Goli Srinivasa Rao, "Special Elements of a Ternary Semiring"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• E-Pawn Shop: The Untouched Territory in India
  Madhura Raut, Alekh Shah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

E-commerce is changing our economy and affecting all aspects of business. It has become a part of core business functions. There are various things like clothes, home appliances, electronic gadgets, etc available online for buying and selling. Just like clothing, electronic and IT industry, the Pawn shop industry is a considerable business today. Many business analysts assumed that their business is not fitted for incorporating information technology such as Internet. This belief often proves to be incorrect, making the business less effective and thus less competitive. This paper is focused towards Pawn shop in India, interested in setting up its products online for sale inspired from the TV show Pawn shops on History channel. Online Pawn shop is untouched territory for that business in India. Part of the project also includes use of better search engines to increase site's organic search traffic. This Ecommerce tool, along with providing basic online shopping features, also provides various innovative features such as customer-to-customer direct selling-buying, credit points or direct cash back option. The Web technologies used are JQuery 2.0 and backbone JS, Ajax 3.5, JavaScript 1.8.5, CSS3 and HTML 5. Designing widget feature and template based UI for maximum customization of portal is most challenging part of the project.
Keywords: E-Pawn shop, E-commerce, Online Auction, Experts, Website, Historical items.

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Madhura Raut, Alekh Shah, "E-Pawn Shop: The Untouched Territory in India"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Development of agricultural e-commerce framework for India, a strategic approach
  Darry Jeethesh Dsouza, H.G.Joshi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study is aimed to put forward an inclusive and pertinent e-commerce framework that serves as a platform for the development and improvement of rural agriculture sector in India; which plays a major role towards socioeconomic development of rural livelihoods along with food security and poverty reduction. The main approach used was to critically review and understand the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and the Ministry of Agriculture policies. In general, these policies emphasize on promoting IT based information kiosks, establishing gyan chaupals (Knowledge centers) in villages, construction of Agri-India knowledge portal. Next, the challenges and information gaps were identified and translated in the form of agriculture e-commerce framework which can be used to build an e-commerce application.
Keywords: e-commerce framework, e-commerce application, netizens, rural agriculture sector

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Darryl Jeethesh Dsouza, H.G.Joshi, "Development of agricultural e-commerce framework for India, a strategic approach"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Comparative study on compressive strength of Self cured SCC and Normally cured SCC
  Ms. Akanksha A. Patil, Prof. M. R. Vyawahare
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Curing is the process of maintaining proper moisture content particularly within 28 days to promote optimum cement hydration immediately after placement. Self-compacting concrete is made up of admixture i.e. superplasticizer. In recent years, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained wide use for placement in congested reinforced concrete structures with difficult casting conditions. Also various curing methods are adopted in the construction industry especially for vertical structures, inaccessible areas s.a. high rise buildings, water scarce areas etc. In such structures conventional curing is not practically possible in most of the cases. But we need efficient curing which improves the strength and durability of concrete. In the present work, comparison of compressive strength of normally cured SCC and SCC cured with self curing material i.e. wax based, white pigmented, membrane forming concrete curing compound has been done. This study is investigating that weather the use of self curing compound is economical or not in remote areas of water without compromising with the compressive strength of concrete.
Keywords: Admixture, Curing, Self Curing, Self-Compacting Concrete, Self Curing Concrete, Superplasticizer.

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Ms. Akanksha A. Patil, Prof. M. R. Vyawahare, "Comparative study on compressive strength of Self cured SCC and Normally cured SCC"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 6

• Automatic Broken Rail Crack Detection Scheme
  Komal B. Dandge, Prof. G.R.Gidveer
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In India, as the fuel cost continues to rise, railway transport plays an important role. Although there are, so many options of transportation are available like flights, trains, buses etc but most of the people prefer trains only as it is cost effective and comfortable way of travelling and hence in today's world railway becomes the lifeline of India. When anybody goes through the daily news, they come across many accidents which are related to railroad. So there must be good railway safety for the people as the rail accidents are often dangerous in terms of the severity and death etc, when compared with the other transportation. There are several reasons present for railroad related accidents but the major reason is cracks in rails. It is the main cause of railway derailments and has the capacity to induce major damage to economy of the world. Therefore more efforts are necessary for achieving the good rail safety. This system introduced a method for rail crack detection. The proposed system is LED-LDR and Arduino based rail track detection scheme. It is cost effective and simple way of monitoring the condition of the rails on a continual basis for the improving the railway safety which consists of GSM module and Encoder.
Keywords: Arduino Uno, Railway Cracks, LED-LDR assembly, GSM, Encoder, Robot.

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Komal B. Dandge, Prof. G.R.Gidveer, "Automatic Broken Rail Crack Detection Scheme"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Reduced Test Pattern Generation of Multiple SIC Vectors with Input and Output Delay Faults
  P.T.Sairam, B.Ratnaraju
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent years, the design for low power has become one of the greatest challenges in high-performance very large scale integration (VLSI) design. Most of the methods focus on the power consumption during normal mode operation, while test mode operation has not normally been a predominant concern. However, it has been found that the power consumed during test mode operation is often much higher than during normal mode operation [1]. This is because most of the consumed power results from the switching activity in the nodes of the circuit under test (CUT), which is much higher during test mode than during normal mode operation [1]–[3]. In the proposed pattern, each generated vector applied to each scan chain is an SIC vector, which can minimize the input transition and reduce test power. In VLSI testing, power reduction is achieved by increasing the correlation between consecutive test patterns.
Keywords: Built in Self Test (BIST) , Johnson ring counter, MSIC patterns, Test Pattern Generator (TPG), Circuit Under Test (CUT).

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P.T.Sairam, B.Ratnaraju, "Reduced Test Pattern Generation of Multiple SIC Vectors with Input and Output Delay Faults"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Transformerless DC-DC Converter Using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier to Obtain High DC Voltage
  Meghana G Naik, CH. Jayavardhana Rao, Dr. Venugopal.N, Y. Damodharam
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present scenario the use of transformer for high voltages in converter circuit reduces the overall operating efficiency due to leakage inductance and use of transformer also increases the operational cost. . Therefore the proposed system is implemented with transformer less DC-DC converter so as to obtain high DC voltage with the use of nine stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier. The proposed converter operates in CCM (continuous conduction mode), so that the converter switch stress, the switching losses are reduced. The DC voltage at the input of the proposed model is low and is boosted up by boost inductor (Ls) in DC-DC converter stage and performs inverter operation. The number of stages in CW-voltage multiplier circuit is applied with low input pulsating DC (AC Voltage) voltage where it is getting converted to high DC output voltage. The proposed converter switches operates at two independent frequencies, modulating (fsm) andalternating (fsc) frequency. The fsm operates at higher frequency of the output while the fsc operates at lower frequency of the desired output voltage ripple and the output ripples can be adjusted by the switch Sc1 and Sc2. The regulation of the output voltage is achieved by controlling the Duty ratio.The simulation is carried over by the MATLAB-SIMULINK.
Index terms: Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier, Low duty cycle, High DC voltage, Tranformerless DC-DC converter.

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Meghana G Naik, CH. Jayavardhana Rao, Dr. Venugopal.N, Y. Damodharam, "Transformerless DC-DC Converter Using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier to Obtain High DC Voltage"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Positive Buck Boost Converter with Mode Select Circuit and Feed Forward Techniques Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
  Latha. S. C, Dr. Venugopal .N, Ch. Jayavardhana Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The portable devices development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, conversion efficiency, power consumption, and the size of devices have become the most important design criteria of switching power converters. For portable applications better conveniences extension of battery life and improves the conversion efficiency of power converters .It is essential to develop accurate switching power converters, which can reduce more wasted power energy. The proposed topology can achieve faster transient responses when the supply voltages are changed for the converter by making use of the feed forward network .With mode select circuit the conduction & switching losses are reduced the positive buck–boost converter operate in buck, buck–boost, or boost converter. By adding feed-forward techniques, the proposed converter can improve transient response when the supply voltages are changed. The designing, modeling & experimental results were verified in MATLAB/ Simulink. The fuzzy logic controller is used as controller.
Key words: Feed-forward techniques, mode select, positive buck–boost converter, Fuzzy logic control.

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Latha. S. C, Dr. Venugopal .N, Ch. Jayavardhana Rao, "A Positive Buck Boost Converter with Mode Select Circuit and Feed Forward Techniques Using Fuzzy Logic Controller"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dynamic & Attribute Weighted KNN for Document Classification
  Using Bootstrap Sampling
  Dharmendra S Panwar, Kshitij Pathak
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Although publicly accessible databases containing speech documents. It requires a great deal of time and effort required to keep them up to date is often burdensome. In an effort to help identify speaker of speech if text is available, text-mining tools, from the machine learning discipline, it can be applied to help in this process also. Here, we describe and evaluate document classification algorithms i.e. a combo pack of text mining and classification. This task asked participants to design classifiers for identifying documents containing speech related information in the main literature, and evaluated them against one another. Expected systems utilizes a novel approach of k -nearest neighbour classification and compare its performance by taking different values of k.
Keywords: Data Mining, Text Mining, Classification, K-nearest neighbour, KNN

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Dharmendra S Panwar, Kshitij Pathak, "Dynamic & Attribute Weighted KNN for Document Classification Using Bootstrap Sampling"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• High Speed Memory Efficient Multiplier-less 1-D 9/7 Wavelet Filters Based NEDA Technique
  Akanksha Yadav, Anushree
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Conventional distributed arithmetic (DA) is popular in field programmable gate array (FPGA) design, and it features on-chip ROM to achieve high speed and regularity. In this paper, we describe high speed area efficient 1-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using 9/7 filter based new efficient distributed arithmetic (NEDA) Technique. Being area efficient architecture free of ROM, multiplication, and subtraction, NEDA can also expose the redundancy existing in the adder array consisting of entries of 0 and 1. This architecture supports any size of image pixel value and any level of decomposition. The parallel structure has 100% hardware utilization efficiency.
Keywords: 1-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), NEDA, Low Pass Filter, High Pass Filter, Xilinx Simulation.

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Akanksha Yadav, Anushree, "High Speed Memory Efficient Multiplier-less 1-D 9/7 Wavelet Filters Based NEDA Technique"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation And Optimization Of EDM Process Of AISI 4140
  Alloy Steel Using Various Tool Electrodes: A Review Paper
  Kishor Lal , Himanshu Gupta
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this research work is to determine the optimized settings of key machining factors like pulse on time, discharge current and duty cycle for AISI 4140 alloy steel using various tool electrodes. The output responses will be measured are material removal rate (MRR),surface roughness(SR) and tool wear rate(TWR). Mathematical models are proposed for the above are L27 orthogonal array. The micro structural changes in the work piece after machining process will also be examined by the use of SEM.
Keywords: Electrical Discharge Machine, Material Removal Rate, Scanning Electrode Microscope, Surface Roughness, Tool Wear Rate.

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Kishor Lal , Himanshu Gupta, "Investigation And Optimization Of EDM Process Of AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Using Various Tool Electrodes: A Review Paper"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Power Quality Enhancement in Wind Connected Grid System Interface Based On Static Switched Filter Compensator (SSFC)
  Lakshmi Prasanna Vatti, G.Venkataramana
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wind energy has become one of the significant alternative renewable energy resources because of its abundance and the strong drive for its commercialization. Dynamic electric load variations and wind velocity excursions cause excessive changes in the prime mover kinetic energy and the corresponding electrical power injected into the AC grid utility system. In this paper, a scheme based on the low cost static switched filter compensator (SSFC) is presented for voltage sag/swell compensation, power factor improvement in distribution grid networks with the dispersed wind energy interface. The SSFC scheme is based on an intermittent switching process between two shunt capacitor banks to be one of them in parallel with the capacitor of a tuned arm filter. Two regulators based on a tri- loop dynamic error driven inter-coupled weighted modified proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller which is used to modulate the PWM. The Static Switched Filter Compensation (SSFC) compensation scheme which enhances the system power quality has been fully validated using MATLAB–Simulink. The effectiveness of this compensation scheme approach is demonstrated using a study case of 3 bus system. Simulation results show that there is improvement in harmonics reduction, voltage sag/swell compensation, power factor improvement at generator bus, load bus, and infinite bus respectively
Keywords: FACTS, Static Switched Filter Compensator, Dynamic Controllers, Wind Energy, Power Quality

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Lakshmi Prasanna Vatti, G.Venkataramana, "Power Quality Enhancement in Wind Connected Grid System Interface Based On Static Switched Filter Compensator (SSFC)"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Review of Performance of Insulating Material in Buildings
  Tazyeen Ahmad, Sabahat A. Khan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today India is a fast developing economy; its GDP is increasing so the per capita income is also increasing. To meet the comfort requirements, especially in scorching summer and chilling winter in one form or other, we need modern amenities like air-conditioners and room heaters. Both need energy (electricity) as a fuel to perform their function, so at individual level or at national view point, energy saving has to be done. The phrase will not be wrong: "Let the energy be saved, though the heaven falls". In this paper, a review of insulation materials along with their properties has been presented. The information given is relevant and useful for architects and engineers. This paper also has glimpses of past and future of insulating materials.
Key words: Thermal insulation, Vacuum Insulation, Heat losses, Cooling in buildings, Insulation practice

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Tazyeen Ahmad, Sabahat A. Khan, "A Review of Performance of Insulating Material in Buildings"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Information Leakage Prevention In Cloud Computing
  Raziqa Masood, Dr. Nitin Pandey
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The cloud computing is still in it infancy.this is an emerging technology which will bring about innovations in terms of businessmodels and applications.the widespread penetration of smartphones will be a major factor in driving the adoption of cloude computing.however, cloud computing faces challenges related to privacy and security. Due to varied degree of security features and management schemes within the cloud entities security in the cloud is challenging. Security issues ranging from system misconfiguration, lack of proper updates, or unwise user behaviour from remote data storage that can expose user ̳s private data and information to unwanted access can plague a Cloud Computing. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in Cloud computing environment . We also proposed a security scheme for protecting services keeping in view the issues and challenges faced by cloud computing.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Data Protection,Security, Application Program Interface, Average Revenue

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Raziqa Masood, Dr. Nitin Pandey, "Information Leakage Prevention In Cloud Computing" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparison Between Structural Analysis of Residential Building (Flat Scheme) Subjected to Gravity With Respect to Seismic Forces (In zone II and zone III) For Different Storey Heights
  Pranita R. Kayarkar, Prof. R. G. Bais, Prof. P. L. Naktode
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The recent development in methods to analyze the RC frame structure brings us to this study. This paper is approach to introduce the comparison between structural analysis of Residential building (Flat Scheme) subjected to gravity with respect to seismic forces ( in zone II and zone III) for different storey heights. For structural engineers, seismic load should be considered as important aspect that needs to be included in the building design. However majority of buildings constructed in India are designed for gravity loading only and poorly detailed to accommodate lateral loads. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the comparison between structural analysis of residential building subjected to gravity with respect to seismic forces in zone II and zone III for different storey heights. The analysis for residential building (G+3) is carried out by using software SAP by seismic coefficient method. Columns, beams and footing has been drawn. Microsoft office Excel 2007 programs were used for drafting , and analysis of columns, beams and footing. This analysis gives better understanding the seismic performance of buildings. The results show that the building which is designed only for gravity load is found inadequate to resist seismic load in zone II and zone III.
Keywords: Linear static analysis, earthquake, displacement.

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Pranita R. Kayarkar, Prof. R. G. Bais, Prof. P. L. Naktode, "Comparison Between Structural Analysis of Residential Building (Flat Scheme) Subjected to Gravity With Respect to Seismic Forces (In zone II and zone III) For Different Storey Heights"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Low Memory Low Complexity Image Compression Using HS-SPIHT Encoder
  D.L.Vasundhara, P. A. Nageswara Rao, A.Vamsidhar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the large requirement for memory and the high complexity of computation, JPEG2000 cannot be used in many conditions especially in the memory constraint equipment. The line-based W avelet transform was proposed and accepted because lower memory is required without affecting the result of W avelet transform, In this paper, the improved lifting schem e is introduced to perform W avelet transform to replace Mallat method that is used in the original line-based wavelet transform. In this a three-adder unit is adopted to realize lifting scheme. It can perform wavelet transform with less computation and reduce memory than Mallat algorithm. The corresponding HS_SPIHT coding is designed here so that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for equipment. W e proposed a highly scale image compression scheme based on the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm. Our algorithm, called Highly Scalable SPIHT (HS_SPIHT), supports High Compression efficiency, spatial and SNR scalability and provides l bit stream that can be easily adapted to give bandwidth and resolution requirements by a simple transcoder (parse). The HS_SPIHT algorithm adds the spatial scalability feature without sacrificing the S NR embeddedness property as found in the original SPIHT bit stream. Highly scalable image compression scheme based on the SPIHT algorithm the proposed algorithm used, highly scalable SPIHT (HS_SPIHT) Algorithm, adds the spatial scalability feature to the SPIHT algorithm through the introduction of multiple resolution dependent lists and a resolution-dependent sorting pass. SPIHT keeps the import features of the original SPIHT algorithm such as compression efficiency, full SNR Scalability and low complexity.
Keywords: wavelet transforms; lifting schemes; Scalable SPHIT; Compression; low complexity.

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D.L.Vasundhara, P. A. Nageswara Rao, A.Vamsidhar, "Low Memory Low Complexity Image Compression Using HS-SPIHT Encoder"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Illuminating the Nights in Rural Communities
  Dr. Achara N, Dr. Nyitamen D S
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Electric power supply in many cities in developing countries is erratic and can only be described as non-existent in the rural areas. Kerosene lantern, the main source of illuminating the night is associated with obnoxious fumes production and more especially the kerosene fuel is scarce to find. Rural dwellers who cannot afford the globed kerosene lanterns either use the locally fabricated globeless kerosene lanterns, ―atunja‖ or log fire. Log fire is associated with deforestation and desert encroachment. A solar lantern has been designed and built for illuminating the nights in rural communities. Battery and LED are part of the components used and it is recommended that appropriate safety measures are put in place not only in use but also in their disposal.
Keywords: Diode, LED, deforestation, lumen, ultraviolent, photochemical

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Dr. Achara N, Dr. Nyitamen D S, "Illuminating the Nights in Rural Communities"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• To find effects of GMAW parameters on Mechanical Properties
  of Aluminum Alloys
  Chandan Kaushal, Lochan Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present research aims to investigate the effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) on the mechanical properties of different grades of aluminum alloys. GMAW is the most common method of joining aluminum alloys used in various industrial processes. It replaces the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) method of providing equally high quality of joints with a much higher performance. Aluminum alloys under consideration for this experiment will be from 6XXX series, consisting of Silicon and Magnesium as main alloying elements. Weld joints Will be produced with the help of a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The Hardness, Tensile strength, yield stresses and elongation will be the mechanical properties to be obtained. As aluminum alloys show large micro structural changes after welding it is necessary to know about the effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of weldements as too high welding current and too high welding speed will result in high heat input and weakening of weld profile so a balance is need to be struck between welding parameters and mechanical properties. Scattering Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique will be used to analyze micro structural changes.
Keywords: GMA welding, Aluminum alloys, Mechanical properties

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Chandan Kaushal, Lochan Sharma, "To find effects of GMAW parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI Controller
  Sri Latha Eti, Dr. N. Prema Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e. speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the developed model.
Keywords: BLDC motor, Motor drive, Conventional P, PI, PID Controllers, Different PID Tuning methods, Adaptive fuzzy PI Controller

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Sri Latha Eti, Dr. N. Prema Kumar, "Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI Controller"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Physico-Chemical Analysis of Underground Water from Silchar Municipal Area of Cachar district, Assam, India
  K. C. Das, Arup Roy, Rajdeep Roy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Water samples were collected from different sources of Silchar Municipal area of Cachar district, Assam, India. Physicochemical parameter such as PH, EC, Hardness, Chloride, Fluorides, Iron, TDS of sixteen water samples from different sampling sites of Silchar were determined. The experimental results were compared with drinking water quality standards laid down by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO) and it was found that only a few water samples are not suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes due to high concentration of iron. Overall all the ground water is clear, odourless and soft. Even few samples contain fluoride ion but the values are much below the permissible limits. Key Words: Drinking water, ICMR, Physicochemical parameters, Water quality, WHO.

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K. C. Das, Arup Roy, Rajdeep Roy, "Physico-Chemical Analysis of Underground Water from Silchar Municipal Area of Cachar district, Assam, India"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey
  Samita Indurkar, N. P. Kulkarni
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Congestion is a major problem in almost all kinds of wireless networks such as mobile ad-hoc networks; wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are variety of applications of WSN such as defense, temperature monitoring, health monitoring. Congestion occurs in the sensor network because of limited resources such as low processing power of the sensor node. As all the sensor nodes are battery powered. Hence, congestion in the sensor network results in waste of energy of sensor nodes. All the layers of protocol suite of the network can be involved in the congestion control process. This paper gives a brief idea about various congestion control methods. In some of the schemes, cross-layer design is applied for better results.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Congestion Control, Congestion Detection, Cross-layer Design, QoS.

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Samita Indurkar, N. P. Kulkarni, "Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Brief Research On Turbojet Engine By Using MPM 20
  M.Sai Dheeraj, Yasarapudi Sharon Ruth, A.Kavitha Sree, A.Hemant Kumar Yadav, V.Sai Kishore, M.Monica, Bheemarasetty.Prudhvi, S.Ravikanth,T.Harshitha, V.N.Sai Kiran Aka
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Small turbojet engines represent a special class of turbine driven engines. They are suitable for scientific purposes and research of certain thermodynamic processes ongoing in turbojet engines. Moreover such engines can be used for research in the area of alternative fuels and new methods of digital control and measurement. Our research, which is also presented in this article, is headed toward these aims. We evaluate and propose a system of digital measurement of a particular small turbojet engine – MPM 20. Such engine can be considered as highly non-linear large scale system. According to obtained data and experiments we propose different model models of the engine and design of situational control algorithms for the engine with use of certain methods of artificial intelligence as new methods of control and modeling of large scale systems.
Keywords: Thrust estimator , Propulsion engine , Propulsion system.

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M. Sai Dheeraj, Yasarapudi Sharon Ruth, A. Kavitha Sree, A. Hemant Kumar Yadav, V. Sai Kishore, M. Monica, Bheemarasetty. Prudhvi, S. Ravikanth, T. Harshitha, V. N. Sai Kiran Aka, "A Brief Research on Turbojet Engine By Using MPM 20"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• MotionEstimation Technique forReal Time Compressed Video Transmission
  Prof. D. S. Maind, Prof.BS.Khade, Prof.P. P.Wagaj
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Motion Estimation is one of the most critical modules in a typical digital video encoder. many implementation tradeoffs should be considered while designing such a module. It candefine ME as a part of inter coding technique.Inter coding refers to a mechanism of finding co-relation between two frames (stillimages), which are not far away from each other as far as the order of occurrence is concerned, one frame is called the reference frameand the other frame called the current frame, and then encoding the information which is a function of this co-relation‟ instead of the frame itself. This paper focuses more on block matching algorithms which comes under feature/region matching. Block motion estimation algorithms are widely adopted by video coding standards, mainly due to their simplicity and good distortion performance In FS every candidate points will be evaluated and more time will be taken for predicting the suitable motion vectors. based on the above noted drawback, the above said adaptive pattern is proposed Optimization is proposed at algorithm/code-level for both encoder and decoder to make it feasible to perform real-time H.264/AVC video encoding/decoding on mobile device for mobile multimedia applications. For encoder an improved motion estimation algorithm based on hexagonal pattern search is proposed exploiting the temporal redundancy of a video sequence. For decoder, at code level memory access minimization scheme is proposed and at algorithm level a fast interpolation scheme is proposed.
Keywords: Motion Estimation, Hexagonal Pattern Search, Diamond Pattern Search, Adaptive Pattern

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Prof. D. S. Maind, Prof.BS.Khade, Prof.P. P.Wagaj, "MotionEstimation Technique forReal Time Compressed Video Transmission"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Using Social network in Higher Education A case Study on the University of Palestine
  Professor Samy S. Abu Naser, Mahmoud Abu Ghosh, Rasha R. Atallah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The users which are using social networking sites nowadays by various strata of society such as students, teachers, engineers, housewives and elderly people are increasing. So the goal of this paper is to invest social networking in education especially at the universities. Student spending more time on the social networking sites than on the e-learning programs, so social networking can be used in a useful way to support e-learning. 54% of people who were surveyed about the usage of social Networks said they used Facebook daily while 9% used MOODLE. So this paper uses the social networks for e-learning as a case study on the university of Palestine.
Keywords: Sochical Network, e-learning, education, Facebook, Twitter

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Professor Samy S. Abu Naser, Mahmoud Abu Ghosh, Rasha R. Atallah, "Using Social network in Higher Education A case Study on the University of Palestine"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Time and Frequency Synchronization Performance of MIMO-OFDM System using Schmid Algorithm for different FFT
  Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Time and frequency offset has a important aspect in OFDM based communication to maintain the orthogonality of the and control errors and interferences. In this paper we have investigated the time and frequency offset in MIMO-OFDM system and performance calculated as mean square error (MSE) for given values of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Time and frequency synchronization is achieved by using median filtering with the different values of FFT points in OFDM. During simulation it has been seen that the higher values of FFT gives better performance than lower values, but higher values added complexity in the system as well, so for optimum performance mid range of FFT is sufficient enough.
Keywords: Time/Frequency Synchronization, MIMO-OFDM, Median Filtering, FFT.

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Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande, "Time and Frequency Synchronization Performance of MIMO-OFDM System using Schmid Algorithm for different FFT"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• A Review: Significant Research on Time And Frequency Synchronization In MIMO OFDM System
  Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes a fast and dependable procedure for timing and frequency synchronization of multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) could be a outstanding technique for high info rate remote transmission. The execution of OFDM framework is exceptionally touchy to transporter repeat Offset (CFO) that presents between bearer electric resistances (ICI). Multi data multi yield frame work used for increasing various qualities increase and limit of the framework. During this space repeat synchronization in associate OFDM framework is contemplated and gave past work OFDM framework.
Keywords: MIMO-OFDM; Frequency Synchronization; ICI; CFO

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Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande, "A Review: Significant Research on Time And Frequency Synchronization In MIMO OFDM System"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Design and Fabrication of a Two Axis Parabolic Solar Dish Collector
  Prof. Sonal C Yogi, Mayank Madia, Rahul Kumar Sen
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The work consists of the design of the chain drive system and the fabrication of the two axis parabolic solar dish. It is a model study of the two axis parabolic dish which worked by the automatic circuit that was developed. Ready made parabolic solar dish is taken and fabricated. The circular iron ring provides the two axis motion of the dish. A compound chain drive system was developed for the smooth movement of the dish. An electromechanical system which tracks the sun on both axes and which is controlled via a programmable logic control (PLC) was designed and implemented. In this a theoretical study was done. A C program was made which gave the required result for the graphical representation of the recorded radiation. Programmable Logic Controls (PLC) was used instead of photo sensors, which are widely used for tracking the sun. The azimuthal angle of the sun from sunrise to sunset times was calculated for each day of the year at 23.59 Lat & 72.38Longitude in the Northern hemisphere, the location of the city Mehsana. According to this azimuth angle, the required analog signal was taken from the PLC analog module and sent to the power window motor, which controlled the position of the panel to ensure that the rays fall vertically on the panel. After the mechanical control of the system was started, the performance measurements of the solar panel were carried out. The values obtained from the measurements were compared and the necessary evaluations were conducted.

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Prof. Sonal C Yogi, Mayank Madia, Rahul Kumar Sen, "Design and Fabrication of a Two Axis Parabolic Solar Dish Collector"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with Depression
  Geetha.T and Balamurugan.K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II (ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
Keywords: Cumulative hrf, NMWD , depression

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Geetha.T and Balamurugan.K, "Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with Depression"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• Safety Stock Adjustment in Supply Chain Storage Units
  M. Golmakani, M. Malek and A. Afrooz
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

supply chain is overall system include of suppliers, productive sectors and stock storage, distributers and customers that covers multi-stage structure supplier confidence (delivery with delay) production process (unpredicted equipment damage) and customer demand (over – expectation orders of customer are three factors at supply chain uncertainly. To react properly, we can use safe storage. In this thesis fuzzy multi-purpose model is provided based on total cost and customer service to control safe storage in storage sectors of supply chain. In this model, fuzzy confidence level of suppliers and contractors have been defined based on experts a fuzzy system and there is no hypothesis about demand distribution. To control and modify estimation deviation we used rolling horizon method and various constrains have been determined (production capacity, size of units of production and transfer, financial limitation to sale primary materials , ) finally softy stock had been determined to decrease total cost as 20% and increase service level to above expectation. To determine approach efficiency, this is implements in Khorasan axial parts company.
Keywords: softy stack, customer service level, supply chain programming, fuzzy multi-purpose decision making, expertise fuzzy system.

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M. Golmakani, M. Malek and A. Afrooz, "Safety Stock Adjustment in Supply Chain Storage Units"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

• A New Framework for Secure M-Commerce
  Ali Mirarab and Abdol-Reza Rasouli Kenari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

By combining the wireless network and E-commerce, suppliers can provide a more convenient and quicker service on a human scale for their customers. The main advantages of such services are their high availability, independence of physical location and time. Mobile commerce raises a number of security and privacy challenges. However, security has always been the key issue for the development of mobile E-commerce, which is more vulnerable than the traditional E-commerce mode. . In order to solve the problem of security gap in the transmission of mobile E-commerce information, a framework based on J2ME/MIDP is proposed, which combines double layer encryption schemes, stego-image and secure XML messages which transferred between the mobile terminal and the server. Our method provide strong secure and invisible communication with high security and high operating efficiency that compatible with many types of mobile terminal.
Keywords: M-Commerce Security, ECC, J2ME/MIDP, J2EE, Random LSB Steganography, XML, Double Layer Encryption.

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Ali Mirarab and Abdol-Reza Rasouli Kenari, "A New Framework for Secure M-Commerce"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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