UGC Approved Journal

Abstract:

The modern educational climate is increasingly becoming dynamic and diverse. Unlike the ancient approaches used in facilitating the learning process, the modern learning process has evolved technology-wise, making it easier to impart information to learners. Language lab is the audio-visual installations often used in modern teaching approaches to learning foreign languages. The most recent language laboratories are referred to as multimedia computers........
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Qais Butti Al-Otaibi "The Importance of using Language Labs in Teaching English as a Second Language" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The clay mineral materials of the Sibang district find use in the raw and terracotta of the building. This work consists in characterizing Sibang clays for use in the formulation of raw and baked bricks for buildings. The clay powders of the Sibang series of Turonian age, in the Libreville region, were the subject of detailed analyzes using laser granulometry, chemical analyzes of the major elements in whole rock, X-ray diffractometry on whole rock and oriented blades, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cation exchange capacities. Thermogravimetric analyzes......
Keyword: Clays, raw and fired bricks, Sibang, Turonian, Uses.

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Jean - Eudes BOULINGUI, Linda Dalhya KOGHOU KOUDI, Hugues Martial OMANDA, Michel MOUNGUENGUI MBINA "Use of Sibang clays in raw and terracotta for housing in Gabon" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

in the present article, a new topology-based oscillator circuit has been presented to design the voltage-controlled oscillator. complimentary compound pair i.e. RKTG pair topology has been used in designing this VCO and resistive feedback also has been taken. The most attractive feature of the presented topology are its low power consumptions and its ability to operate on the very low power supplies, Due to these properties we have present a new model of VCO using RKTG pair, this pair work up to mega to giga hertz. The circuit has been designed on Cadence Virtuoso software using 45nm technology. During analysis it is found that this RKTG pair is working smoothly from few Hz to giga Hz and their power consumptions is of μW level.
Keyword: VCO, RKTG Pair, Low power consumptions, low noise. Short range applications

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Mishra Jyoti, Arunendra Nath Tripathi, Rajkumar Tiwari "Low Power Consumptions Voltage Controlled Oscillator designed at nano scale technology for short range communications system" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

An SCR is a current-controlled device with four layers of solid state, and a silicon control circuit regulates it. The SCR can act as a switch, controlling the flow of electricity, or as a rectifier, converting alternating current to direct current (DC). General Electric was the corporation that pioneered the development and commercialization of silicon-controlled rectifiers in 1957. The silicon-controlled switch was a component of electronic ballasts for fluorescent lighting (SCS). The four layers of a thyristor are the control terminal (also known as the gate), the positive terminal (also known as the anode), and the negative terminal (also known as the cathode) (cathode). The anode gate and.....
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Adel H. Alshatti "Theory of SCR & TRIAC Operation and Some of Its Applications" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Talcschist samples taken in the department of Douigny, in southwestern Gabon, known for its presence of talc, were the subject of mineralogical, morphometric and surface characterization. The goal is to identify the most interesting industrial applications. The Douigny samples collected and analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction confirm the presence of talc on total rock with typical peaks at 9.32 Å, 3.12 Å and 4.68 Å. Talc is associated with the procession of minerals such as: quartz, dolomite, calcite, and more or less traces of chlorite. Scanning Electron Microscopy.....
Keyword: Douigny, Mineral materials, South-West Gabon, Talc, Industrial uses.

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Jean-Eudes BOULINGUI, Linda Dalhya KOGHOU KOUDI "Mineralogy of talcschist geological formations in the Douigny (South-West Gabon)" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Blockchain technology has the potential to transform the way businesses are done and improve daily lives. Blockchain's decentralized and distributed nature ensures that all transactions and data remain private, secure, and easily accessible to anyone who requires them. The study seeks to find the impact of the blockchain application on the supply chain and financial performance of manufacturing companies listed in the Zimbabwe stock market. The study used a quota sampling method to select four respondents from each of the 37 listed manufacturing companies listed in the Zimbabwe stock market. The questionnaire was the only means through which all the data were collected. The respondents are the general managers, the engineers, and the operations managers. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software......
Keyword: Blockchain application, consensus, immutability, security, supply chain performance.

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Audrey Hellenrose Matsanura, Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Tansu "The impact of blockchain technology application on the supply chain and financial performance of manufacturing companies listed in the Zimbabwe stock market" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

As a generalisation of metric spaces, the notion of B4-metric spaces are introduced. In this article, we consider a relation between a metric space a B4-metric space, S-metric space and a metric space. We show that a B4-metric space can be generated by S-metric space. We also show that a S-metric space, gives rise to a B4-metric space and give some examples. We also study the relationship of contractions of self-maps on B4-metric space and S-metric spaces.
Keyword: B4-metric space, S-metric space, metric space, S-metric space with index λ.

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K.K.M.Sarma, Ch.Srinivasa Rao, S.Ravi Kumar "𝑩𝟒- Metric spaces and Contractions" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Central Unit (CU) schedules multiple Secondary Users (SU) through Reinforcement Learning (RL) using various reward/punishment modes in a single channel Cognitive Radio (CR) system, among which compound reward/punishment mode is making all SUs more obedient in using the channel and achieving higher performance
Keyword: Cognitive Radio, SU Obedience Level, PU behaviour, SU behaviour, Reinforcement Learning

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Scheduling Multiple Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach "P Ravinder Kumar, Dr Sandeep V M, Dr Subhash S Kulkarni" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Energy Audit is a means of capturing, measuring and analyzing energy consumption of a facility with the aim of achieving high energy efficiency. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) provides the guideline for the audit of facility in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy cost. This study was therefore designed to investigate the potential for energy cost reductionof the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos, Nigeria through auditing its power distribution network and energy consumption.....
Keyword: Energy Efficiency, Energy Cost Reduction, Utility bill analysis, Power distribution network

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K.M Odunfa, O .Anene-Nzelu, L.O Ajuka "Energy audit of the Nigeria's International Airports: case of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport Lagos, Nigeria" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The exploitation of Digital Terrain Models in order to aggregate the mobilized flows in a poorly gauged catchment area has been used to study the water potential of the Chari and Logone basins. On the basis of water transfer projects from the Congo Basin to Lake Chad, our study has set itself the objective of evaluating the existence of the necessary volume of water in the Chadian basin without causing water stress in the basin Congo. From the three identified study areas, physical characteristics of the related watershed were extracted. They were used with the Model of the NRCS (National Resources Conservation Service) to determine the flows of our work. Our results were conclusive proving the usefulness of our study model.
Keyword: Climate change, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Watershed, Rain, Flow, Discharge, Direction of water flow

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YOMBOMBE MADJITOLOUM Théophile, TAMO TATIETSE Thomas "Evaluation of Flows in Poorly Gauged for the Improvement of the Hydraulicity of Lake Chad" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Furfural is a renwable, non petroleum based and chemical feedstock. Furfural has been identified as one of most promising chemicals directly derived from biomass and a variety of agricultural by-products, such as bagasse, corn-cobs, wheat bran Furfural has several applications such as antacids, fertilizers, plastics, fungicides, nematicides and adhesives. . It could be a great alternative for organic compounds once petroleum resources start to dry up. Furfural may be obtained by acid catalysed dehydration of pentoses particularly xylose often found in hemicellulose fraction of biomass. This paper covers about the various technologies available for the industrial production of furfural and the manufacturing process used by us for furfural production from sugarcane bagasse with major emphasis on the yield of product, raw material inputs and their prices, plant size and capital investment, and product quality..
Keyword: xylose, catalytic dehydration, distillation, mass balance, cost estimation

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Neel Kangle, Kunal Gaikwad, Soham Angal "Manufacture of Furfural from Sugarcane Bagasse" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Zagreb indices are the parameters defined using sum and product of degrees of vertices, joining an edge, in a graph the roots of this concept come from Chemical graph theory, in recent years lot of work is published on Zagreb indices of standard graphs and graph operations. In this paper we establish the relation for Zagreb indices of Hanging Cycle graph Hm,n with its component graphs and also find their corresponding polynomials..
Keyword: Hyper Zagreb Indices, Hanging Cycle Graph Hm,n , Zagreb Indices, AMS Subject Classification: 05C07

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Nagabhushana C S, Kavitha B N, Indrani Pramod Kelkar, Onkarappa K S "Zagreb Indices for the Hanging Cycle Graph 𝐇𝐦,𝐧" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

HVDC transmission systems are electric power transmission systems based on the high-power electronics techniques. It is preferred to be used to transmit the electrical power over very lengthy distance or when transferring the power between two networks operating asynchronously or at different frequencies. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have appeared as a robust method for solving the classification problems. Due to the ANN characteristics, it is proposed for protecting the voltage source converter-HVDC (VSC-HVDC) transmission system. The proposed ANNs are designed in this paper to detect the faults and identify their types at both the AC and DC sides of the rectifier and inverter stations. Moreover, locate the fault at HVDC transmission systems. The current signals from the transmission line two terminals are used as inputs to the proposed ANNs to guarantee accurate results. A detailed VSC- HVDC system model is created using the MATLAB software to simulate the normal and abnormal operating conditions. The fault simulation is carried out to train and test the proposed ANNs. The results prove the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed ANNs..
Keyword: ANN, HVDC, VSC-HVDC, Differential protection

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Faisal Z. Alazemi "HVDC Transmission System Protection Using Neural Network" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this Continuousdevelopmentinenergysectoralmost fully dependent.....
Keyword: Sustainable; Renewable; Environment; IoT; Coronavirus;COVID-19;Pandemic

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Prachi Tripathi "Role of Sciences in Sustainable Development in This Pandemic Era-"A review on innovations which helps in Pandemic/Sustainable Development" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This work is part of the valuation of local resources for the manufacture of biocharcoals with a longer combustion time than that of charcoal.To do this, clay is used as a filler in the making of biocharcoals, the basic raw materials of which are charred sawdust and starch paste. These biocharcoals have two formulations. They are produced according to the EA / Sb ratios equal to 0.87 and 1, then their combustion time is respectively equal to 330 and 335 min. The clay content varies from 5 to 20%.The results obtained from the combustion test show that the 0.87 and 1 ratio biocharcoals containing 5% clay content show the best results. They have a longer combustion time (411 and 410 min) than that of biocharcoals without clay and that of charcoal whose values are 330, 335 and 406 min..
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Ovo Sandrine Flora AUGOU, Souleymane OUATTARA, et Jean-Eudes BOULINGUI "Characterization of biochar based on sawdust and starch paste: Influence of clay on the combustion time of biocharcoals" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Optical fibers are a developed technology for transmitting various data in the form of light signals or pulses. Fine filaments or filaments made of high-purity glass and special types of plastic are used. Optical fiber cables are distinguished by their ability to transmit huge amounts of data at high speeds without a high loss of power. Light signals are what carry the data.Also, Fiber optic cables are distinguished by being unaffected from various other external sources, which makes them safer to use and helps maintain the confidentiality of the data transmitted through them. A single optical fiber cable, which is less than one inch thick, can carry hundreds of thousands of voice or telephone conversations and information for a distance of 90 km and at speeds ranging from 2.5 GB/s to......
Keyword: Fiber Optic, Fiber Mode, Fiber Components, Fiber Optic Properties, Attenuation, Dispersion, Noise, power loss..

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Eng. Hussain Mohammed Ali "The Power Loss in a Fiber Optical Cable" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The use of a clay in a defined area is dependent on its chemical composition and its structural, textural, and superficial properties. The search for these characteristics was the main purpose of this study. Acid activation (A05) and pillaring processes (APA) were implemented to show their effect on the structure and clay properties by using X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental chemical analysis, and gas-adsorption-desorption measurements. The analyzes carried out showed that the clay is of the swelling type and its main constituent is montmorillonite. Acid activation and pillaring treatment lead to changes in their structural, textural, and surface energy properties, while the exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Na+) are removed. It was also observed that Mg,.....
Keyword: Clay, Pillaring process, Acid activation, Crystallochemical properties, Montmorillonite, Water treatment.

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ZeBilo'oPhylemon, NdjeumiChrisdelChancelice, MoutheAnombogoGhislainArnaud, MaicaneanuAndradaSanda, Sieliechi Joseph Marie, KamgaRichard "Crystallochemical properties of natural and modified clays from Maroua-Cameroon used in water treatment processes" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Nowadays with the increasing amount of waste generated and limited landfill space for waste disposal, recycling is one of the important approaches to manage the waste effectively. The current manual recycling practice in which the user need to bring the waste in bulk to the recycling center might be hassle and hence become a discouraging factor for them to recycle. To overcome such an issue, in this project an automated recycle bin with a reward feature is proposed that is derived from an IoT based vending machine concept. The system is implemented with microcontroller and collection of sensors. The reward is given to the user based on the weight of the.....
Keyword: Smart Reverse Vending system - Design thinking – IoT sensors – recycling of plastics – underground storage unit.

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Dr.N.Nandhini, Ms.R.Haripriya, Dephina Nancy, Sudharsan Balaji "Design and Development of Smart Reverse Vending System for Pet Bottles collections and Recycling using Design Thinking" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Computing is changing constantly, creating new hardware and software technologies, improving software, and optimizing business process. IT world is changing very fast, on daily basis new technologies are introduced. Nowadays cloud computing is the buzz word in IT industry. Cloud computing in its simplest form is a model for allocating compute and storage resources on demand. In practice, it offers a new way to provide the resources virtually to the users which significantly alters the cost structure. Cloud computing is the next stage in evolution of the internet, it provides the means through which everything from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications and business process – can be delivered to you as a service wherever and whenever you need them. But with the ease of accessing the resources and increasing demand of cloud computing also attracts the attention of hackers. Hence, cloud providers are becoming a bigger target of malicious attacks. As more and more information of individuals is being stored on cloud, concern about its security arises. In this paper we will talk about the issues and challenges faced in cloud computing in detail..
Keyword: Cloud Computing, Virtual Machines, Service Providers, Security, Internet.

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Arpita Singh, Mohd. Hamza, Shelendra, Sushmita Vishwakarma "Cloud Computing: Risk and Challenges" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Accident rates in the mining industry have dropped in many countries as a result of an occupational safety and health culture that encourages employee health and well-being. Due to illegal mining, the use of poor technological equipment, and inadequate occupational safety and health precautions, the majority of mining-related fatalities now occur in rural areas of Ghana. In Ghana, mining has one of the two or three highest rates of work-related diseases and injuries that result in death. Through a case study of AngloGold Ashanti, the study aims to investigate the influence of occupational safety and health on employee productivity in the mining sector (Obuasi branch). Using a quantitative method, the respondents' responses are numerically quantified.......
Keyword: Ghana, health and safety, mining, occupation, hazard, productivity, and safety

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Millicent Ablah Xorlali Amenyah, Ayşe Tansu "The impact of health and safety programs on employees' productivity. A case study of Anglo Gold Ashanti (Obuasi branch)." Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Bevel gears are critically used to connect the shafts having the axes at an angle to each other. This paper aiming the comparision of bevel gear dynamic analysis natural frequencies over forced frequencies with AISI4340 Normalized steel and 2024 Aluminum alloy steel. Results are compared for the frequencies with the commercial software for both materials. A weight reduction of 64.29% is observed from AISI4340 Normalized steel to 2024 Aluminum Alloy steel. A slight variation observed for both materials from forced frequencies to natural frequencies proving material consistency for about 0.3%..
Keyword: Bevel gear, Dynamic analysis, Forced frequency and Natural frequency, Weight reduction.

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Nidamanuri Sreenivasa Babu "Investigation on the frequency analysis of bevel gear with different materials" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Blackspot treatment is a necessary action to reduce accident and victim severity. In addition to the treatment, the cost of the treatment mustbe considered in order to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in treatment action. In dealing with blackspot treatment on Narogong Road in Bekasi City, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) method is used to analyze the feasibility of the treatment.In the analysis process, 10 accidents are use that resulted in 4 deaths, 2 serious injuries, and 4 minor injuriesaccording to theNational Police's Integrated Road Safety Management System (IRSMS). The recommended treatment is the installation and maintenance of signs, the repair of disabled-friendly pedestrian facilities, repainting the marked crosswalk, theconstruction and maintenance of sidewalks. Furthermore, the treatment recommendations given resulted in a BCR value of 1.1, or in other words, these recommendations were declared feasible and could provide greater benefits when compared to the treatment costs incurred..
Keyword: Road safety analysis, blackspot, treatment, management

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Bayu Wanda Prihantono, Martha Leni Siregar "Blacks pot Treatment of Accident-Prone Road in Narogong, Bekasi, Indonesia" Vol. 13 - No. 1 (January 2023), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com