Abstract:

Present work reports the structural, morphological and optical properties of Co-, Ni-doped TiO2 thin films grown on ITO substrates by rf- sputtering technique through precise control of basic parameters. The X-ray diffraction curves confirm the anatase single-phase crystalline structure with a plane (101) and no traces of secondary phases in all these films. The crystallite size varies from 24 nm to 16 nm due to doping. The optical study is performed from the optical transmittances of the doped and undoped films obtained from UV-Visible spectrometer measured in the range 300 nm to 800nm. The thickness of films are 305 nm, 265 nm and 269 nm for undoped , Co- and Ni- doped TiO2 respectively. The optical energy gap obtained from Tauc plots decreases with doping. The decrease in the energy gap makes these films more suitable for photocatalytic applications. The morphology of the created films is examined from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and noticed that films revealed the uniform distribution of grains of spherical size. Other important parameters like refractive index and microstrain are determined for the synthesized films.
Keyword: THIN FILMS, ENERGY GAP, NANOSTRUCTURES

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Anand Kumar "Structural and Optical Properties of Co-, Ni- Doped TiO2 Nanostructured Thin Films Grown by rf-Sputtering Technique" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Modern civilization utilizes I.C Engines in different areas such as aircraft, automobile, model engine, and motorcycle engine, marine propulsion, railway locomotive engine, spacecraft propulsion such as rocket engine, traction engine etc. Efficient running of engines are very much required for better utilization of fuels and lesser pollution. Thus, aim of this paper is to study the best performance condition of apractical ISUZU Engine. Detailed calculations regarding engine performance have been made and based on analysis of the test results maximum efficiency of 31.28 % was observed at 16.3:1 air:fuel ratio which is slightly lean mixture. This is the most economical running condition when other parameter like rpm is 1568 and BHP is 9.85. Maximum power was observed to be 12 HP at the A:F ratio of 12.3:1 which is slightly richer than the stochiometric mixture while rpm was 1234.
Keyword: Petrol engine, engine performance, air fuel ratio, lean mixture and stochiometric mixture

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Prasanta K Sinha, Avishek Mukherjee, SouymaGhosh3and Bireswar Majumdar "Performances Analysis of a four stoke Petrol Engine –A Case Study" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In recent years due to the rising in demand of electricity consumption in Kuwait, using renewable energy will reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels that leaves harmful residues in the environment which threatens the public health. the government of state of Kuwait aims to secure 15% of the domestic demand for electricity using solar energy in al- shagaya complex and that was the Amir of Kuwait vision, which will save 2.5 $ billion, considering the price of barrel of oil 45 $. The three phases of the Shagaya renewable power complex will contribute 302 GW connected to the national electricity grid in (2025-2026). I am in the process of this evaluation to present the extent of benefit from subsidizing the electricity network of Kuwait
Keyword: electrical consumption, environmental impact, solar energy, domestic demand , renewable power complex , national electricity grid

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Saad Nasser Alsaleh "The contribution of photovoltaic in the state of Kuwait and method of their installation" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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DVR is a custom power device which is used to protect the sensitive loads from power quality issues like voltage sag and swell at the distribution side.The sensitive loads used at the distribution side are basically electronics based which causes harmonics.In today's scenario, the power quality issues like voltage sag and swell are major concern in power system. To overcome this issue a DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) is proven to be more effective solution with low cost , smaller size and faster dynamic response for the protection of sensitive load.The application of DVR entitlements to be a flawless compensating device for the compensation of voltage sag and swell. This paper presents the modelling and simulation using various controllers like PI controller based on synchronous reference frame algorithm and fuzzy logic controller implemented with DVR to obtain the better performance for sag /swell compensation. The results of both the controllers are verified using Matlab-Simulation..
Keyword: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Power Quality, SRF Algorithm based PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller, Voltage sag and swell

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Bharti Thakur, Dr. Archana Rani "Performance Analysis of SRF based PI Controller and Fuzzy Controller on Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation of Voltage Sag and Swell" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research consists of an exploratory research carried out by monitoring the maintenance activities carried out in the Thermoelectric Power Plants installed in the cities of the State of Amazonas, with the objective of implementing a monitoring system for electrical quantities coming from engines, also called Engenies Electric Power. This is a field research with qualitative approaches, taking into account the implementation of an automated system to capture the variations in electrical quantities (Voltage, Current, Power and Power Factor) of these energy generating units. The capture of these data, which are the variations of electrical quantities, occurs with the use of PLC, transducers....
Keyword: Supervisory System, Electric Power Generators, PLC, SCADA System, Thermoelectric Power Plants (TPP).

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Jefferson Emilio Maciel da Silva, Roneuane Grazielle da Gama Araújo, Jandecy Cabral Leite "Implementation of a Supervisory System in Electric Power Generating Units of Isolated Systems Installed In Municipalities of the Amazonas State" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Introduction: Each day thousands of health workers around the world suffer accidental occupational injuries. These injuries can result in a variety of serious and chronic illness. Needle stick injury are wounds caused by sharps such as hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, IV cannulas or needles used to connect parts of intravenous delivery system. Methods: A non-experimental research design was carried out on 40 1st year Bsc nursing students of Syed Mantaqi Memorial College of Nursing and Medical Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir. Students who were not willing to participate and those who were absent during data collection were excluded. Pre-test assessment was done in which data was collected by Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge followed by structured teaching programme and post-test assessment...
Keyword: .....

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Ms. Anjum Khurshid, Ms. Asmat Parveen, Rohi Amin, Ms. Nadiya Rashid, Mr.Suhaib, Noor Ellahie, Ms.Bazila Manzoor, Ms.Arshida Hamid, Ms.Azmat Shaheen, Mr.Haris-bin-Rahim, Ms.Snober Gull "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Needle Stick Injury among 1st Year B.Sc Nursing Students of Syed Mantaqi Memorial College of Nursing and Medical Technology Awantipora Kashmir" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this article, the electronic and stability features of indium nitride (InN) nanotubes have been studied by density functional theory. The results show that the stability of nanotubes increases with increasing diameter. The band structure calculations indicate that the nanotubes have indirect gaps. Also, the band gap of InN nanotubes increases with increasing diameter and it can be modify by changing the diameter of nanotube. InN nanotubes have different applications due to small bandages and indirect gaps such as solar cells and light-emitting devices.
Keyword: Single-walled InN nanotubes; Density functional theory (DFT); Stability

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Adeleh Vatankhahan "Ab Initio study of stability and electronic structure of InN nanotubes" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Mostly, India is a farming country. For the majority of Indian households, agriculture is the most significant employment. It plays a key part in agriculture's growth. Agriculture accounts for around 16% of total GDP and 10% of total exports in India.Water is Agriculture's major resource. Irrigation is widely utilised worldwide for fulfilling the requirement for agricultural irrigation, especially pivot centres. When compared to other irrigation methods, such as drip systems, this irrigation method is inefficient and frequently wastes water by not taking into account the plant's actual demands.Irrigation is one way of supplying water, however there will be plenty of waste of water in some instances. In this regard, we have introduced a project dubbed the IoT Automatic Irrigation System in order to save water and time.We use several temperature, humidity and ground moisture sensors in the system suggested, which are sensitive to various parameters of the soil and are automatically watered by the motor's ON / OFF based on soil moisture value. The user android app will display these detected metrics and the motor status.....
Keyword: Internet of Things; Precision agriculture

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Thameeza, Mohammed Tanzeem Agra "IoT Based Smart Irrigation System for Precision Agriculture" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Static foam behavior of the surfactant in the presence and absence of nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated. The role of TiO2 and SiO2 NPs for percentage foamability and foam stability of surfactants (SLS, Tween-80 & CTAB) were studied and checked the effects of temperature, pH, NPs and methanol on foam behavior. The stability of foam was determined by measuring the half-life (t 1/2) time. Foam stability was more in presence of TiO2 and SiO2 NPs.
Keyword: Foamability, Foam stability, Nanoparticles, Static foam, Surfactants

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Arvind B. Madavi, Ganesh A. Bathe "Investigation of Static Foam Behavior Using Nanoparticles" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Air filter system plays a major role in getting good quality air in automobile engines. It improves the combustion efficiency and also reduces air pollution. The work of an air filter is to filter the dirt particles from the intake air and supply cleaner air to the automobile engines. Optimum utilization of filter can significantly reduce the cost of filter replacements frequently and keep the filter in use for longer time. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is considered to be the most cost effective solution for flow analysis of intake system along with filter media as experimental set up takes time and very expensive. This current paper discusses about the air filter performances criteria for their optimum usage in automobile engines.
Keyword: Air Filter, Air intake system, CFD, Fluid mechanics, Pressure drop, Uniformity Index

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Rajendra Kumar Bhatt, Madan Mohan Joshi, Anand Baghel "Review on Automotive Air Filter Performances" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The application of Reverse Engineering (RE) is the need of various segments of industries when advanced or mathematical models of existing products are inaccessible. Replicating an existing product by reverse engineering and capturing all information and data to generate a detailed product knowledge bank for engineering design. RE is refined in different stages, scanning, part digitization and 3d modeling (CAD). This current paper introduces the RE process, portrays the recent trends in digitization field and furthermore interfaces with other manufacturing processes.
Keyword: CAD, Engineering design, Part digitization, Reverse Engineering

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Madan Mohan Joshi, Rajendra Kumar Bhatt, Anand Baghel "Review on Reverse Engineering Practices" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The use of the method allows achieving both the improvement of the performance of the processes, in the execution phase of the work, as in the subsequent phase, as it presupposes the concept of correction of non-conformities as a continuous process, analytically based and subsidiary to the corrective measures adopted. Permanent control allows not only to avoid new non-compliant situations, but also to develop a database that enables the constant improvement of performance monitoring processes and methods. In this way, through the feedback of the process to other projects, it is intended to reduce the rate of construction pathologies in order to encourage the continuous improvement of quality in housing projects in Civil Construction. The research demonstrates that the use of the DMAIC method allows to improve procedures and techniques in a project, resulting in continuous learning, which is one of the bases for improving the quality of processes and a requirement for their reproducibility.
Keyword: Improvement, Development, Lawsuit

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Alderglan Teles Da Silva, Kleber Bittencourt Oliveira "Non-Compliance in Civil Construction Projects: A Case Study In the "My House My Life" Program" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In recent years, deep learning has been used in image classification, object tracking, pose estimation, text detection and recognition, visual saliency detection, action recognition and scene labeling. Image Classification is widely used in various fields such as Plant leaf disease classification, facial expression classification. To make bulky images handy, image classification is done using the concept of a deep neural network. Among different type of models, Convolutionalneural networks has been demonstrated high performance on image classification. In this paper we builded a simple Convolutional neural network on image classification. This simple Convolutional neural network completed the image classification.The paper contributes a methodology for a more accurate classification of images instead of image feature extraction or image segmentation. The proposed work established a promising accuracy of 99.89%.
Keyword: Deep Neural networks, Image classification, convolutional neural networks

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Medak Srinivas, Nallabelli Manoj "Image Classification and Regression Using Machine Learning Algorithm DNN" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Composites have become an inevitable alternative to conventional materials when the challenge of enhancing the abilities is to be addressed. Polymer based composites is being highly sought after as they are capable of solving the existing problem in a better cost efficient manner and due to its flexibility in their manufacturability. In this paper, the existing GFRP tubular decks performance has been improved by proposing a newer, non-standard internal stiffening design along with a change in material that is validated and visualized using the Abaqus CAE Softwareand the engineering reason behind the improved performance based on the obtained analysis results has also been discussed in this paper along with the future scope of the work that has been currently done
Keyword: Composites, GFRP, Internal Stiffening Design, Abaqus Simulations, point bending test

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Vijayvignesh N S "Design and Material Optimization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Internally Stiffened Tubular Decks" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Microgrids have paved way to integrate renewable energy system to the existing power system. Over the years due to the intermittent nature of the renewables the need for storage system has alleviated to supply uninterrupted power to the load. Batter is quiet popular as energy stirage system (ESS) and is ewmployed in this study. This paper proposes a novel control topology of hybrid wind and solar energy systems operating in standalone mode. The results depicts that power is delivered at minimum cost mainataining the state of charge of the ESS along with the dc link voltage. A multiobjective function is developed for cost minimization and energy management strategy. A hybrid Moth Optimization Water Cycle Algorithm (MOWCA) is proposed which gives better performance over convention Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
Keyword: Microgrid,PV, Wind, BESS, MOWCA.

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Anagha Bhattacharya, Swati Suman, Mukul Ananad "An Improved MultiobjectiveControl Technique for Wind-PV Hybrid DC Microgrid System Considering Storage" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The livestock farm control system is based on wireless sensor network. The livestock farm control and monitoring system based on the WSN stores the environmental information received from the livestock farm. The server of the livestock farm control system based on the Data base carries out the analysis for the collected environmental information. This provides information on the environment and the abnormal symptoms of the livestock farm through the text service and the GUI devices. It could carry out the management of livestock farm by applying the proposed livestock farm control model and could quickly cope with a dangerous situation of the livestock farm by informing it in real time when there is an abnormal symptom.This can be controlled manually and automatically......
Keyword: Tinker cad, Microcontroller, Livestock,Sensors

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ManjulaBG, Shruti Joshi, Tunga S Hegde, Poornima P, Preethi Y T "Development of Internet of Things Enabled Livestock Monitoring and Controlling Model" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research is aimed at monitoring the influence of contaminant volume on the retention of diesel spill in the Niger Delta soil. The objectives are to monitor the retention of diesel at given soil depths and varying contaminant volumes; develop a 3D model that will describe the retention of diesel in unsaturated soil zone at different spill scenarios. Diesel spill causes problems when retained in soil which includes, contamination of soils, bioaccumulation of hydrocarbon in humans resulting to carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, extinction of plants and animals. Response surface method was used to generate the experimental design. XLSAT software was used to develop diesel retention model. Results showed that standardized coefficient of the contaminant volume is the highest in developed model at 0.5; it implies that increased quantity of diesel spil1 would result in simultaneous increase...
Keyword: 3D Model, Diesel, Niger Delta soil, Gas Chromatography, Retained Concentration

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Akpan Paul P., Ugwoha Ejikeme, Uyoh Francis U., Nwikina Biamene B., Uebari Luton S. "Varying Contaminant Volume Influence on Diesel Retention in Niger Delta Soil" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research work is aimed at validating simulated hydraulic jump models with specific objectives which includes simulating a model that can efficiently analyze and predicts the characteristics of hydraulic jump, compare the result with computations form known models. The method of comparism used is Peasons product moment of correlation. The results obtained from the developed model showed that critical depth(y), Froude number (Fr), Subsequent depth y2, height of jump (Hj), Length of jump (Lj), Strength of jump (Sj), velocity after the jump, specific energy (E), specific energy after the jump (E2), energy loss (Hl), efficiency of the jump (Efj), Power dissipated (Pd), contraction....
Keyword: Simulation, Validation, Hydraulic Jump, Models. Correlation, Critical Velocity, Supercritical Flow, Froude Number, Multipurpose Project

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Akpan Paul P., Augustine Ledogo B., Petaba Lemii D., Uyoh Francis U., Nwikina Biamene B. "Validation of Simulated Hydraulic Jump Models" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Rice husk ash is in industrial waste that needs to be harnessed to create wealth. The waste poses problems such as climate change, global warming and ozone layer depletion and other environmental challenges. This research optimizes its use as partial replacement for gypsum in the production of POP boards. Graphical method of linear programming was used to develop an optimization model. Result showed that an optimization model of Z Max= X1 + 2X2 gave optimal point and solution of C (0,17) and X1 =0 , X2 = 17 and Zmax=51. The optimization model developed showed that POP board manufactures can optimally produce durable POP boards with 20% RHA replacement at the cost of N 17,000 per bag to maximize huge profit of N 51,000. I recommend that federal and state ministry of works and environment should adopt this model in executing projects as it will optimally improve and sustain the work force and GDP.
Keyword: Rice Husk Ash, Linear Programming, Optimization, Gypsum. Plaster of Paris

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Akpan Paul P., Stephen Ebuka I., Enueze Justin B., Okpuzor Ewere G. "Optimization Modeling Of Partially Replaced Rice–Husk- Ash Gypsum Pop Boards" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research is aimed at optimizing multipurpose multi objective river basin projects using hydraulic jump model with objectives of developing a hypothetical model, applying hydraulic jump model in six different water resources projects and developing optimum strategies for cost minimization and profit maximization of multipurpose multi objective river basin projects. River basin in Nigeria has being abandoned leading to destruction of aquatic lives, ecological imbalance and poverty. Game theory was used to optimize the accrued benefit obtained by application of the hydraulic jump simulated model in six different water resources management projects which includes hydroelectric power, irrigation, navigation, fishing, water supply and recreation. A hypothetical model was developed using Civil 3D, AutoCAD and Archicad. Digital elevation model of the hypothetical multi.....
Keyword: Hydraulic Jump, River Basin, Optimization Models, Froude Number, Game Theory

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Akpan Paul P., Eme Luke C., Stephen Ebuka I., Mahmud Hussaini, Okpuzor Ewere G., Enueze Justin B. "Multipurpose Multi Objective River Basin Optimization Using Hydraulic Jump Model" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research is aimed at monitoring the influence of rainfall intensities on the retention of diesel spill in Niger Delta soil. The objectives are to monitor the retention of diesel spill in soil at varying rainfall intensities at constant soil depths and develop a 3D model that will describe the retention of diesel spill in unsaturated soil zone at different spill scenarios. Diesel spill causes problems when retained in soil which includes, destruction of human, plants and animals live. The method used in generating the experimental design was response surface method, which uses two (2) independent variables that includes contaminant volume, rainfall intensity and a constant variable known as the soil depth. . XLSAT software was used to develop diesel retention model of TPH following release on ground.....
Keyword: Diesel fuel, Gas Chromatography, Retained Concentration, Rainfall Intensity. Transportation Model

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Akpan Paul P., Ugwoha Ejikeme, Nwikina Biamene B., Philip-Kpae Friday O., Letam Lele P. "Rainfall Intensity Influence On Diesel Retention in Niger Delta Soil" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This research is aimed at developing digital elevation model of multipurpose multi objective projects with specific objectives of identify and produce aerial maps of three towns with rich river basin projects; digitize the produce aerial map, develop digital elevation and 3D model of the projects. River basin in Nigeria has being abandoned because of the problem of optimally allocating resources to multipurpose multi objective river basin projects. A hypothetical model was developed using Civil 3D, AutoCAD and ArchiCad. Digital elevation model of the hypothetical multipurpose project was developed using Arc view GIS and Suffer 14. The results showed 3D surface map of digitized hypothetical model of three communities A, B, and C with strategic multipurpose multi objective projects which includes hydroelectric power station, fish pond, irrigation canal, erosion and flood control, recreation, navigation , dam and reservoir for water supply scheme. The developed mode is useful in optimally allocation of resources to water resources river basin projects. Ministry of power, agriculture, tourism, and water resources should adopt the use of such model in implementation of river basin optimization policies sequel to the fact that it will yield optimal profit
Keyword: Digital elevation, 3D models, Aerial maps, Hypothetical model, Water resources

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Akpan Paul P., Uyoh Francis U., Philip-Kpae Friday O., Selete Ayebaemi A., Enueze Justin B. "Digital Elevation Modeling Of Multipurpose Multi-Objective River Basin Project" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this research paper the static foam properties of Tween-20 + Water + Caprylic Acid (co-surfactant) system and Tween-20 + Water + Caprylic Acid + Nanoparticles (NPs) system were investigated. Initial static foam height of Tween-20 + Caprylic Acid system was better than that of individual Tween-20 + water system. It was observed that the percentage foamability of Tween-20 surfactant decreased by an addition of caprylic acid. The system of surfactant solution + co-surfactant was compared with the system of surfactant solution + cosurfactant + (NPs). Static foam behavior was also studied for high temperatures. It was found that initial foam height increased at 45 0C but for next temperature range (at 55 0C, 650C & 750C) foam height decreased.
Keyword: Foamability, Foam stability, Nanoparticles, Static foam, Surfactants, Co-surfactant

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Aasma R. Tadvi, Arvind B. Madavi, Ganesh A. Bathe "Static Foam Properties of Tween-20 - Water– Caprylic Acid Systems" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Cu substituted Nickel-Zincferrite nano-particles with compositionNi0.2CuxZn0.8-xFe2O4(x=0.0 to 0.8 with step size 0.2) were synthesized using the technique of Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at 180 0C. Sintering of preparedsamples at 500oC for four hours was done and analyzed with XRD. These samples samples were confirmed withspinel structure of single phase.Size of the crystal, density of x-ray, volume and lattice parameterare being computed from XRD data.These nano-particles showUV-Vis absorption band in the wavelength region between200 nm to 800 nm. High temperature thermo electrical Power studies have been carried out starting from room temperature to a temperature well beyond Curie temperature by differential method. Depending on the sign of Seebeck coefficient current nano-ferrites under study are classified as P-type semiconductors. All composition of Ni-Zn-Cu nano-ferrites are useful in Semi condutor industry. Electrical conductivity of Ni-Zn –Cu nano-ferrites have been studied by two probe method.The electrical conduction in these nano-ferrites is explained on the basis of hopping mechanism. The activation energy in the ferrimagnetic region is in general less than that in paramagnetic region.
Keyword: Nano-ferrites; XRD; UV Spectroscopy; Thermo Electric Power; Electrical Conductivity

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NAMAHARI KUMAR, DACHEPALLI RAVINDER "Development of Cu substituted Ni-Zn nano-ferrites for industrial applications" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are commonly diagnosed by inspecting ECG image, ECG demonstrate the electrical activity of the heart. The abnormality of the heart is called arrhythmia. The arrhythmia is divided into three categories normal, abnormal, noisy. The goal of our research is to design a Deep learning based convolution neural network which can carry out the task of feature extraction, classification. Our experiments with these Algorithm achieved overall accuracy above 98.0%, precision above 91.0%, specificity above 98.4%, and sensitivity above 98.7%. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on ECG images that are taken from Experimental database.
Keyword: ECG Arrhythmia Images, Deep Learning (DL), Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), ECG images.

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Asma Parveen , Dr. Vani R.M , Dr. P. V. Hunagund, Seema Parveen "Convolution Neural Network Model based ECG classifier" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Concrete the most versatile material used for construction all over the world. It is well known that concrete is the mixture of cement, aggregates and water. The conventional concrete does not fit for the situations where the heavy weight is not at all required. The concrete with light weight is best suited for these situations .the light weight concrete is really the best alternative construction material where the heavy weight is not required. The present experimental study ,focuses on the production of different type of light weight concrete, they expanded clay aggregate (ECA) ,expanded polystyrene (EPS) and foam concrete (foam agent) , due to the rapid increase of construction activity day by day, the construction materials are being scarce; hence there was a strong need for alternative materials. In this study, manufacturing sand is alternative of river sand. In this research study, the ordinary Portland cement (grade 53) ,is replaced partially replaced by fly ash .In coarse aggregates we use completely light weight aggregates, the test conducted concrete compressive strength test and split tensile strength, which are compared with 3,7,14,28 days.
Keyword: fly ash, Expanded clay aggregate , expanded polystyrene ,form agent, Compressive strength ,split tensile strength

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P.Rishith, V . Rajendra kumar , K . Siva Kiran "An Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Different Type of Light Weight Concrete" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Concrete plays a vital role with in the development of infrastructure globally. Certain amount of cement can be replaced with fly ash which aids the usage of less cement content in the concrete mix. Natural aggregates can be replaced with RAC to make it more vulnerable and eco-friendly. From past studies it is known that use of recycled concrete aggregates might reduce the strength. To compensate this strength reduction PET were employed. PET fibers can be obtained from as bottles and containers. In the present experimental investigation, concrete having compressive strength 40 MPa used. Fly ash proportion in concrete kept constant as 25%. The coarse aggregate replaced with RCA are 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 percentages with natural aggregates. PET is added 1% of the total weight of the cement. Various tests are carried out by casting different mix proportions of cubes, cylinders and beam prisms to perform compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for 7 and 28 days. This project aims to know the usage of fly ash, recycled aggregates and PET fibers will give similar strength..
Keyword: fly ash, PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate), RAC (Recycled Aggregate Concrete)

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B KARUNYA, V.RAJENDRA KUMAR "A Study on the Behaviour of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Plastic Waste and Fly Ash" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Following the outbreak of COVID-19, all of HEIs have continued their learning using online approach. This study aims at assessing the academic achievement, whether students are satisfied with the mass online learning. Two experiments were performed. The first one, three pairs of online-traditional, online-hybrid, and traditional-hybrid learning in three semesters were analyzed and compared in terms of learning achievements by T-test comparison analysis. Results showed that there are no statistically significant differences between online and traditional learning but there are differences between both pairs of online-hybrid and traditional-hybrid learning. The mean scores of traditional learning is the highest one among them. The second experiment was conducted for measuring students‟ knowledge....
Keyword: COVID-19, online learning, traditional learning, hybrid learning, academic achievement, HEI

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Wanwipa Titthasiri "COVID-19: A Factor Pushing HEI towards Online Learning and Resulting in Academic Achievement" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In recent trend of using green energy, grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system are getting popular. This paper presents, the modeling of multilevel inverter based grid connected PV system is carried out using MATLAB/ Simulink. The multilevel inverter topology is developed by the cascade connection of three-level T-type inverter as it combines the positive aspects of the two-level-converter such as low conduction losses, small part count and a simple operation principle with advantages of three-level-converter such as low switching losses, and good output voltage quality. T-type inverter is used due to its buck mode operation, also. The maximum power is extracted from PV array with MPPT algorithm perturbs & observes. In this work new multicarrier based pulse width modulation technique are proposed for cascaded T-type multilevel inverter. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control method for CT2MLI based grid connected PV system.
Keyword: Solar Power, PV Array, Inverter, Seven Level, Cascaded Multilevel

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Aakankshajain, Prof. Deepak pandey "PV To Grid Connected Cascaded T-type Multilevel Inverter with Improved Harmonic Performance" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The principle objective of this project is to design and compare the models of G+ 7 storey (3-D reinforced Concrete frame) floating column buildings with and without bracings. The entire structure can be designed and analyzed by using STAAD pro software. In this project, we are designing a commercial building with floating columns to have column free space and also for aesthetic and functional requirements. Floating columns are vertical members that settle on the beam but does not transfer the load directly to the foundation. In construction, bracings are the system utilized to reinforce building structures where supports intersect. These bracings increase the building's capability to withstand seismic activity. Seismic wave is an energy wave that travel through the Earth's layers, that cause earthquakes, volcanic, magma movement, and man-made explosions that give out low-frequency acoustic energy. In different parts of the world earthquakes are demonstrated as the hazardous consequences and vulnerability of inadequate structures. In order to overcome these adverse effects we are providing bracings for the structure.
Keyword: Earthquake, Seismic waves, Floating columns, Analysis, Design, Bracings, STAAD Pro

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P.Harini, C.Ravi Kumar Reddy "Effect of provision of Bracings on Seismic Analysis of Building with Floating Column" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Modern construction world is focussing on energy efficient and sustainable construction materials. Reducing cement consumption by partial rep lacement of cement with waste supplementary cementious material (SCM) improves the sustainability of concrete and mortar used for construction works. Combination of two supplementary cementitious materials derived from waste materials with cement will yield a ternary blended green cement mortar which is more effective than conventional mortar in terms of both strength and performance. Waste banana leaf and cattle bones are collected, dried and powdered separately using miller machine. Supplementary cementitious material is made with different combination of banana leaf powder and cattle bone powder. Experimental works are carried out on cement mortar with 10%, 20% and 30% partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious material. Optimum percentage of SCM for partial replacement of cement is 30%, with 10% cattle bone powder...
Keyword: Supplementary Cementitious Material, Banana leaf powder, Cattle bone powder, Microstructure.

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Ramya M, Suji D, Mercy Shanthi R "Study on Microstructure Model of Cement Mortar with Composite Supplementary Cementitious Materials" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

A conventional moment resisting steel frame undertakes large level of lateral deformation when subjected to strong ground motion or wind forces. If this deformation is excessive, structural and non-structural damage is evident, which damages structural integrity. To avoid such large deformations, various types of systems have been used in steel frames. Diagonal elements, called braces, have been implemented as additional structural member that increase the stiffness and energy dissipation, and control relative inter story deformation in an effective way, thus protecting the structure against damage and improving the overall behavior. The BRBs permits very high compression strength. Because there is no reduction in the available material strength due to instability, the brace can achieve great ductility..
Keyword: Lateral load resisting systems, Buckling Restrained Brace, Conventional Braced frame, concentrically braced frame, specially concentric braced frame.

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Prof. Dipak V.Patil, Prof .Ajit M.Kadam "Comparison of Conventional Brace and Buckling Restrained Brace in Steel Frame Structure" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In this paper, a novel approach for measuring mind attention level is proposed. The system is entirely created from analog hardware electronic components, making it independent of computers and large processors. The system operates by detecting alpha (8-12Hz) waves in the Electroencephalogram (EEG) that reflect a general impression of attention level. There is an inverse relationship between the level of alpha waves and the degree of attention or sleepiness, especially in adults. The higher amplitude of the alpha waves indicates the lower level of attention and is nearest to a state of relaxation or drowsiness. The proposed design has four EEG brain waves channels. Each channel includes an amplifier to amplify the week signals, a band-pass filter (BPF) to pass alpha waves, and a peak detector to hold the maximum voltage level of each channel. The maximum levels of all four channels are combined by averaging the circuit and feed to indicator circuit to monitor the attention level. The simulation results were successful and as expected in the design.
Keyword: EEG, Attention-Level, Alpha-Waves, Op-Amp, MF-BPF.

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Khaled A. Alzahrani "Design and Simulation Low-Cost EEG Brain Attention-Level Recognition System for Students" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The common designs which are work of steel reinforced cement ordinarily experience the insidious effects of steel use by salt which thus brings about the abrupt disappointment of these common constructions. For upgrading just as further developing the presence pattern of those designs steady upkeep and fixing is required. There are different approaches to manage point of control the mix-up of the solid constructions made of steel reinforced concrete. The custom system is to adhesively strengthened hair fiber composites onto the design. Hairs are used as a fiber fortifying material in concrete to contemplate its effects on the pressure, flexure and the breaking control to make the substantial financial and to diminish biological issues made by the rot of hair. For hair fiber built up concrete (HFRC) to be a commonsense advancement material, it should have the ability to complete fiscally with a current invigorating structure....
Keyword: UTM, Tensile strength test, compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test.

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Imran Ahmed Sheikh, Arun Bhardwaj, Kapil Butani, Suhail Ashaq "Comparative study on the properties of concrete by using human hair as a cement replacing material and rice husk ash and copper slag as a fine aggregate" Vol. 11 - No. 9 (September 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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