Abstract:

Precision of traffic data is essential for supporting a large number of transportation-related decisions and is a significant and critical component for many traffic-related researches; and project planning, design, construction, operation, monitoring and maintenance. Historically, traffic data collection methods, both permanent and temporary, have evolved from manual, through mechanical and automatic and currently to complex and intelligent mechanisms in many parts of the world today. Though manual methods may be better suited for certain situations, automatic methods offer several advantages in the areas of accuracy, costs, and safety and are often preferred in such as areawide data collection. That notwithstanding, traffic data and its collection methods, whether manual or automated must be accurate, affordable, easy and sustainable such that every locality can apply the methods....
Keyword: automatic, collection methods, Ghana, Intelligent Transport System, manual, traffic data

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Abena A. Obiri-Yeboah, Maud S. Gbeckor-Kove, Yolanda Oliver-Commey "Overview and Recommendations for Road Traffic Data Collection Methods and Applications in Ghana" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the representative of third generation photovoltaicdevices due to its low cost, easy fabrication, and relatively high energy conversion efficiency. Still, there is a lot of scope for the replacement of current DSSC materials due to their high cost, less abundance, and long-term stability. Thispaper summarizes the recent progress in DSSC technology for improving efficiency, focusing on the active layer in the photoanode,with a part of the DSSC consisting of dyes and a TiO2film layer. The application of these nanostructured photoanode materials and their impact on the device efficiency has been described in detail.
Keyword: dye sensitized solar cells, fill factor, photoelectrode, power conversion efficiency

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Reshmi Krishnan S. "Nanomaterials for photoelectrodes in dye sensitized solar cells-a Review" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Bricks are important building material and in India about 140 billion bricks are annually produced. Majority of the people prefer burnt brick for the construction purpose which emits nearly about one ton of CO2. Brick making, causes serious environmental pollution and health problems. Brick burning largely influence the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. To avoid all this environmental threats an attempt was made to study the behavior of bricks manufactured using, different materials like Fly Ash, Sand, Cement, Glass, Geo-Polymer. Now in the present days the increase in the popularity of using environmental friendly, low cost and lightweight construction materials in building industry. The aim of present research was to compare the compressive strength and water absorption of the bricks with adding the glass and geopolymer. Different percentage of materials were....
Keyword: About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma.

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Ashish Kumar Parashar "Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Brick with Geopolymer Brick" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Vector group of transformers considered to be the best method to show and explain the phase displacement between the High Voltage (HV) and Low Voltage (LV) sides. It also gets the winding configuration of HV and LV of three phase transformers..
Keyword: ...

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ABDELAZIZ BAKR MOHAMED KAMEL , YASSER HASSAN ABDELAZIZ ELHADDAD "Vector Group of Transformers in KUWAIT Electrical Network" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Internet of Things (IOT) is a terminology that describes the interconnections of daily life routine through internet. In IOT concept, device and object is connected to each other. The rapid growth of this technology which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. IOT is also used for smart agriculture. We integrate IOT with smart tractor. It makes the entire system smart. Smart tractor is an autonomous vehicle which is the integration of electronic components. It performs the work efficiently, smartly control, ensures the safe agriculture and suitable for human being. Now, due to increase in population, demands are also increasing. It is essential to implement the smart tractor in the field of agriculture to obtain a maximum output for farmers. We use smart tractor for sensing the...
Keyword: Smart Agriculture, Autonomous Vehicle, Internet of Things.

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S. Tharik Ahamed, T. Vishnu, M. Arun Avinash, M. Gopi, "Research Review in IOT Based Smart Tractor for Field Monitoring and Ploughing" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, the author will establish a double integral transform of Aleph () -function which leads to yet another interesting process of augmenting the parameters in the Aleph () -function. The result is given of general character and on specializing the parameters suitably, yields several interesting results as special cases.
Keyword: Aleph () -function, Euler Transformation, Hypergeometric Function, Integral Transformation. (2010 Mathematics subject classification: 33C99)

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Yashwant Singh, Harmendra Kumar Mandia, Pardeshi Poonam "On Some Double Integral Transformation of Aleph-Function" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Micro Grids are going to replace the traditional concept of electrical networks in order to satisfy the increasing needs in terms of flexibility, accessibility, reliability, and quality of the power supply. Economy and energy efficiency are the paradigms followed to exploit the available distributed energy resources (DERs), guaranteeing technical and environment-friendly standards. Obviously, the path to Micro Grids is complicated by the increasing heterogeneity of Micro Grid components, such as renewable, storage systems, fossil-fueled generators, and controllable loads [1]. Fortunately, the synergic interaction between DERs and information and communication technologies (ICT) foster the coordination among different infrastructures, promoting the development of Smart Grids at both theoretical and practical levels. The major highlights of utilizing micro grid are the capacity to self-heal from power quality (PQ) issues, efficient energy management, incorporation of automation based on...
Keyword: RES-Renewable energy sources, PQ-Power Quality, OT-Optimization Techniques.

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Dr.A.S.Kannan, Srikanth Thummala, Dr.B.M.Chandra "Power Quality Improvement ofUtility grid tiedDC/AC Micro Gridwith DGR and Converters using Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Review" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Eucalyptus is obviously one of the most widely used tree species for electricity distribution in central Africa. Forest operations to obtain these electric poles are not without impact on the environment. With increasing focus on the environmental impacts of land use and materials, there is a growing need to produce accurate and verifiable life cycle data for forestry. This article therefore deals with the cradle-to-gate life-cycle assesment (LCA) of forest operations in order to obtain wooden utility poles used in the overhead power lines. It focuses on eucalyptus silviculture divided into four phases: nursery, forest growth, harvesting and transportation. West and Northwest Regions of Cameroon, where this tree species grows preferentially, were taken as the case study. Primary data on forest operations were collected both from the owners of nurseries and plantations and from the company in charge of the electricity distribution while emissions data were taken from literature. The environmental impact....
Keyword: Cameroon, Environmental impact, Eucalyptus silviculture, Life cycle assessment, Wood tility pole.

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Nimpa Giscard Desting, Njankouo Jacques Michel, Efon Boniface, Tamo Tatietse Thomas "Forest Operations for Power Poles under Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment Perspective" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this article is presented a methodology to investigate the influence on non-linear charges on the harmonic voltage distortion (THDV) in electric system and to estimate the contribution of non-linear charges on the voltage distortion of a bus of interest of the electric system of force studied in the article. This estimation was accomplished through the construction of a model based on the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), using the software AAQEE dedicated to electricity quality (EQ) analysis, which the entrance of the model is constituted by the harmonic current deriving from the non-linear charges connected to two feeders which compose the actual system and the exit relating to the values of the harmonic voltage in the bus of interest. This study was fulfilled to the following harmonic...
Keyword: Electricity quality, Harmonic impacts on electric power systems, Non-linear loads, Computational Intelligence, Neural Networks.

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Jayne do Nascimento Souza, Jandecy Cabral Leite, Rivanildo Duarte Almeida "Analysis of Harmonic Impacts on an Electric System Bus Using Artificial Neural Networks" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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RHD, a public organization under the Road Transport and Highways Division of the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges is responsible to enhance the traffic capacity and safety for efficient transshipment of goods and passengers on transnational boundary, national, regional, and Zilla highways . But in recent years the quality of works and services of RHD has failed to meet the standard required by the specifications. With this background the objective of this report is to evaluate the use of TQM tools to improve the performance of the supply chain in RHD. Primary data were collected through questionnaires survey from 34 engineers of different grades and secondary information were collected from the RHD website, journals, magazines, and different publications....
Keyword: Total quality management, Roads and Highways Department, Quality assurance audit, Public service organization, Value for money.

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Engr. Ranapriya Barua, PEng. "Total Quality Management Practices in RHD: A Case Study" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Commonly used vegetables were analyzed for selected nutrients such as protein, vitamin C, iron, calcium and magnesium content before and after cooking to determine the retention of nutrients during cooking in water followed by draining the excess water. Retention of proteins in the vegetables ranged from 100 - 51. 86%. In all the vegetables the loss of ascorbic acid is significantly (p<0.01) more on cooking the raw vegetables followed by draining the water. Retention of vitamin C in the vegetables is in the order of green beans > cabbage > snake gourd > white melon > cluster beans > carrot > bitter gourd > raw banana. Compared to vitamin C, the loss of minerals during cooking is less in the vegetables studied. The retention of magnesium (>90%) was more compared to iron and calcium after cooking. Loss of calcium was maximum in raw banana followed by bitter gourd and that of iron was maximum in cluster beans followed by raw banana..
Keyword: Nutrient; Vegetables; Ascorbic acid; Iron; Calcium.

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Ramalakshmi K, Subhapriya P , Ananthavalli K , Sarada K, Shanmugapriya D "Impact of Cooking On Nutrients in Selected Vegetables" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Synthesis of Co-Er nano-ferrites with formulation CoErxFe2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, and 0.030) using technique of citrate-gel auto-combustion, Characterization of prepared powders was done by using XRD, EDS, FESEM and dielectric properties respectively. XRD pattern of CEF nano particles confirm single phase cubic spinal structure. SEM and TEM results reveal homogeneous nature of particles accompanied by clusters having no impurity pickup. TEM analysis gives information about particle size of nanocrystalline ferrites. The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition for microwave device applications..
Keyword: Co-Er nano-ferrites; TEM; XRD; FESEM: Dielectric properties

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Edapalli Sumalatha, D. Ravinder "Development of Cobalt-Erbium nano-ferrites for microwave device applications" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The present manuscript reports an exploratory approach on fabrication and characterization of dimensional stability of Laminated Veneer Lumbers (LVLs).The processes of LVLs fabrication was executed through implication of a series of adhesive formulations (AFs) involving epoxy resin supplemented with various weight fractions of bentonite under four ply arrangements of poplar wood veneers. LVLs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) tests. Study reveals that LVLs with 12 mm thickness has shown enhanced density, control over WA and TS. The study demonstrates a viable method of implication of BECs as adhesive for fabrication of LVLs with improved dimensional stability, making them suitable for possible outdoor applications..
Keyword: ......

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Muhammad Arif, Anadi Misra "Fabrication and Studies on Dimensional Stability of Bentonite Epoxy Laminated Veneer Lumbers" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Epoxy Based Resin filled with Graphite particle & TiO2 particle were made by hand layup technique. Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Impact, hardness & density were determined as per ASTMD 256, ASTMD 792, and ASTMD 2240. Composite containing 3 wt % of graphite particle exhibits the optimum mechanical & wears performances. A further increase in the graphite content increases the specific wear rate & deteriorates the mechanical performance. The performance of composites can further be improved by adding TiO2 filler in polymer. The present work includes the processing & mechanical characterization of the composite. The experimental results showed that as TiO2....
Keyword: Epoxy, Graphite, TiO2, Mechanical Properties

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C P Ramdasi, Dr J S Sidhu "Study of Mechanical properties of Epoxy composites filled with Graphite & TiO2" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Majority of the electronic devices life cycle is reduced substantially because of change in technology, attractive designs, marketing trends and compatibility issues. One of the fastest growing problems is E-waste generation across the world. E-waste is an electronic that is outdated, obsolete, broken, denoted, discarded, or at the end of useful life. Among the e-waste generated only 15 -20 % of them is recycled. In last 5 years worldwide e-waste is gradually increased by 21%. E-waste consists of toxic and hazardous materials which have a serious issue on human health and the environment. It is essential to evolve safe and scientific methodologies for disposal and recycling. E-waste management must be given prime importance Population growth, modern life style, advanced technology are the driving factors for generation e-waste. The objectives the paper is to study e-waste and its impact .This paper is basically a secondary research by referring the reports, journal articles , web links etc It provides knowledge about e-waste.
Keyword: Health, E-waste, Recycling, Hazardous, Disposal, Management

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Ramanna Havinal "Electronic Waste: Growing issues Practices and Strategies" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Digital signal processing offers a wide range of opportunity for research with the development of technology. Wavelets are the popular topic in the recent days as they are finding their applications in digital signal processing. They are developed as a breakthrough of Fourier transforms and may be used in designing the digital filters with the cut-off frequency of π/2. In this work, we explore the application of digital frequency band transformation to obtain the digital low pass filter with cut-off frequency other than π/2..
Keyword: Digital filters, digital signal processing, frequency transformation, low pass filter, wavelets

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Pushpavathi. K. P, B. Kanmani "IIR filter design using wavelets" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Progress in societies does not come except through scientific research and various studies. Without this research, no society can move forward. The world of technology, electricity and physics ect, is a world full of various and developed information over time. As engineers and scientists, we must meet through these different research and studies, that could help our society to reach scientific facts....
Keyword: ....

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Eng. Bader Yacop Bughaith "Electric contactor functions" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

It is the time when manufacturing the parts of the machine and testing it is difficult. The system is upgraded and now software such as Ansys can be used to test the machine performance. The improvement in the centrifugal pumps can be made using computational fluid dynamics. The changes and modifications in the geometry of impeller finest geometry are experimentally improved and testified.
Keyword: Impeller, Centrifugal pumps, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

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Mohammed Al-Shebani "Validation in the improved performance of Centrifugal pump using CFD" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The present study provides a Robust Bayesian Prediction model for the prediction of estimates for outcome variable for a given value of explanatory variable in a Simple Linear Regression Model with error term distributed log-normally. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques are used to obtain the posterior estimates of unknown parameters and the predictive estimates of the response variable are obtained using extension of simulation in the regression techniques under the violation of the normality assumption. The present paper provides Bayesian linear regression approach using Gibbs sampling to make prediction about the response variable for a given value of explanatory variable under the assumption of non-Gaussian error terms. As in a Bayesian paradigm, the population parameters are treated as random variables and often consists of complex statistical models, the OpenBUGS (i.e., Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling) software application is brought in use for the estimation of various parameters using the R2OpenBUGS package of RStudio.
Keyword: Bayesian linear regression, Non-normal distribution, Posterior Predictive Estimates, Gibbs sampling.

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Shivangee Misra , Rajeev Pandey "Robust Bayesian Model Selection for Simple Linear Regression Using Log-Normal Error Disturbances" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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A Monte Carlo method has been developed for the study of electron transport properties in ZnO taking into account the electron-plasmon scattering effect. It is shown that electron-plasmon scattering affects substantially the hot-electron energy distribution function and transport properties in bulk ZnO. The following scattering mechanisims, i.e, impurity, polar optical phonon, acoustic phonon, piezoelectric are also included in the calculation. Ionized impurity scattering has been treated beyound the Born approximation using the phase-shift analysis..
Keyword: Electron-plasmon; hot-electron; acoustic phonon; ionized impurity

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Sima Eivazi, Hadi Arabshahi "Electron-Plasmon Scattering Effect on Electron Transport Properties in ZnO Using an Ensemble Monte Carlo Calculation Including Three-valley Band Structure Model" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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A MANET is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and configure itself on the fly. Because MANETS are mobile, they use wireless connections to connect to various network. An infrastructure- less, self-organizing network of mobile hosts connected with wireless communication channels. An attack is an information security threat that involves an attempt to obtain, alter, destroy, remove, implant or reveal information without authorized access or permission. The Adaptive Resource Allocation (ARA) Algorithm which can efficiently adapt to the varying network state and maximize the system Throughput, resource allocation to satisfy the Quality of service (QoS) request of each user.
Keyword: ......

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Dr. R. Manikandan, M.Murugan M. E, R. Viveka "Performance Enhancement of Resource Allocation in Mobile ADHOC Networks" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Global warming of the planet and weather forecasts bring out an increasing risk of climatic events which are not without consequences on the functioning of the populations activities. The demonstrations and the identification of population's strategies to face climate problems are essential for any understanding of climate issues. The objective of this study is to analyze the demonstrations of hydro climatic constraints and the adaptation strategies of populations in the Okpara watershed at the Nano outlet. The methodological approach adopted consisted in the analysis of hydro climatic variability through climatologically (rain) and hydrometric (flow) data from 1971 to 2018. The study of adaptation strategies is carried out through the supported CAP approach based on field observations.......
Keyword: Opkara watershed, hydro climatic variability, manifestations, perception, adaptation strategies

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Sylvestre Ogouwale, Séraphin Capo Atidegla, Luc O. Sintondji "Demonstrations of hydro climatic constraints and populations' adaptations in Okpara watershed at Nano outlet" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this paper, a DC-DC modular multilevel converter based supercapacitor energy storage system (MMC-SESS) is proposed to achieve peak load shifting ability for shipboard DC power grid energy storage applications. The control problems of the converter are discussed, and the current loop of the MMC-SESS is improved by combining the state of charge (SOC) balance control of the supercapacitors (SCs). In order to improve the dynamic performance of current loop, the fuzzy immune algorithm is used to replace the traditional PI controller. In SOC balance loop, the maximum SC voltage is used as the balance target, thus, the low SOC modules can regulate the sub-module operation average current according to the reference and their own SOC..........
Keyword: Modular Multilevel Converter, Energy Storage System, Supercapacitor, State of Sharge, Fuzzy Immune.

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Ke Shen "Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter Based Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Life insurance is one of the most important economic tools in the world today and it has many uses in economic. It plays the most important role in securing and guaranteeing the future of families and life insurance as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting demand for life insurance among insurance companies to identify strategies to attract more insurers.
Keyword: Insurance, Economic, Securing, Strategies.

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Nafiseh Fallah "The Investigations Effect of Interest Paid On the Demand for Life Insurance among Insurance Companies in Iran" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In order to understand the performance of the building under seismic effect and the effect of lateral loads on a structure, it is necessary to evaluate the time period of a structure. It is necessary to determine the significance of the time period before evaluating the time period of a structure. Time period plays an important role in estimating the lateral loads and hence contributes to the seismic assessment of a structure. Time period depends on mass and stiffness. Based on the time period which is purely dependent on stiffness and mass, the behavior of building under lateral loads can be evaluated. In this study an attempt is done to understand the various parameters which affect the time period of a RC building........
Keyword: Equivalent static method, Time period, Infill panel, Etab , Stiffness of building

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Rameshwar V. Bawalge, Rahulkumar R. Sharma "Parametric Study on Time Period of a RC Structure" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Covid-19 infected 570 thousand people in Indonesia at the end of November 2020. The government has made several efforts, such as applying WHO-recommended health protocols. There are still a number of people, though, who don't follow health protocols because they feel just fine. This is caused by the lack of information about early symptoms of Covid-19 in human's body, so they don't know whether they are in a normal condition, or they carry Covid-19 symptoms. This research is carried out to develop a device based on the internet of things to identify the body condition of a person related to Covid-19 symptoms so that people using this device can obtain information about their body and what steps or protocols to act as follows.With the Decision Tree method, this system will be developed to make rules based on WHO regulates to identify the condition of the body. The result of this research shows that in 7.9 seconds, the server can handle 100,000 data from internet of things device and the web application can handle 4000 requests in 20-24 seconds at the same time.
Keyword: Internet of Things, Decission Tree, Advanced Message Queuing Protocol.

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Erneza Dewi Krishnasari, Yaddarabullah, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto "Early Identification of Covid-19 Symtomps Based on Intelligent Internet of Things" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In this study, the cycle-to-cycle variation of peak cylinder pressure in single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine was examined using wavelet transform. In this investigation, diesel and two other blends namely PM5 and PM10 were tested under different loading conditions. In-cylinder pressure data of 1000 consecutive cycles was used to measure the cyclic variation. The result indicated that cyclic variation in peak cylinder pressure decreased for PM5 and PM10 as compared to diesel because the global wavelet spectrum power which is an indicator of the cycle-to-cycle variation decreased for both the blends as compared to GWS power for diesel. Furthermore, the wavelet power spectrum results at 25% load indicated the strong variance at high frequencies for both the blends and diesel. Moreover, at 50% load WPS results depicted the high variation at high frequencies for diesel and PM10 but for PM5 the high-intensity variance shifted towards low frequencies.
Keyword: Cycle to cycle variation, Diesel engine, Combustion, Wavelet transform Peak pressure.

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Pradeep Kumar Vishnoi, Puneet Singh Gautam, V.K.Gupta "Experimental investigation on cyclic variability in diesel engine fueled with ternary blends of diesel, methanol and 1-pentanol using wavelet method" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Expanding interest in power quality has advanced over the previous decade. This paper studies the writing for current utilizations of advanced artificial intelligence techniques in power quality (PQ). An extensive collection of literature covering applications of fuzzy logic, expert systems, neural networks, and genetic algorithms in power quality is included..
Keyword: Artificial intelligence, expert systems, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, power quality..

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Laxminarayan sonwani, Dr. Shanti rathore "Use of Artificial Intelligence in Improvement of Power Quality" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The institute aims to offer the best possible environment and learning experience to encourage students to perform to their full potential for academic achievement. Students, teachers, parents and alumni play an important role in the evaluation, development and the quality of every college . Feedback from students, teachers, parents and alumni helps the college to evaluate how its service policies and make changes as per stakeholders requirements. This paper aims to ascertain the adequacy of the hostels and other general facilities provided to the students and investigate the level of satisfaction of the students to the available facilities. Systematic preferred questionnaires were used in data collection from hostel students taken as the sample for the study. The collected information are analysed using several statistical tools and techniques.The study revealed that respondents were dissatisfied with the adequacy and functionality of some facilities such aspurity of drinking water, lackness of mess facility, health center facilities and internet facility provided in college campus..
Keyword: Hostel Life , Facilities ,Graphical Representation, Large Test, Level of Significance,

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Prakash S. Chougule, Suresh T.Salunkhe, Suresh V.Patil, Vikas V. Kolhe, Ganesh T. Patil "A Review of Hostel Students Regarding Facilities Provided By the College, Using Statistical Measures" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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In recent years, urban heat island studies have come to the fore with urbanization and the need to provide thermal comfort has emerged to create livable cities. In this context, the necessity of determining Local Climate Zone (LCZ), climate-based classification techniques in cities, has been revealed. The study includes the climate-based classification of Adana's urban settlement texture located in the hot, humid climate zone and the statistical comparison of these classes' thermal comfort conditions. The Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was used to determine the thermal comfort and the analyzes were carried out with the ENVI-met microclimate software. This study was carried out in 4 stages including, i) mapping of the LCZ classes of the study area, ii) determination of the thermal.....
Keyword: Local Climate Zone, Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), Hot-humid city, ENVI-met.

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Muge Unal Cilek, Cengiz Uslu "The Thermal Comfort of Local Climate Zone: in the Case of Hot-Humid Adana City" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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The present study aims to develop an alternative method using hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Vepris heterophylla leaf to protect Vigna subterranea and Vigna unguiculata grains against Callosobruchus maculatus. For this, toxicity tests were evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 days of exposure at four concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg). The effect of the three extracts on F1 progeny emergence, and as well as the percentage of weight loss caused by C. maculatus after three months of storage were assessed. After the storage period, the microbiological quality of the treated seeds was determined, and the treated seeds were subjected to the In vitro digestibility study of proteins and carbohydrates. The results show that, the three extracts of V. heterophylla caused a significant mortality of C. maculatus. The hexane extract was more active and caused complete mortality of C. maculatus.....
Keyword: Vepris heterophylla, extracts, Bambara groundnut, cowpea, storage, digestibility

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Abdoulaye Mahama, Clement Saidou, Mouhamadou Bouba Adji, Tagne Gabriel Fotso, Ahmed Ali, Elias Nchiwan Nukenineb "Insecticidal efficacy of Veprisheterophylla leaf extracts against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), and study of the in-vitro digestibility and microbiological of treated seeds" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Today education is said to be a key sector for companies to spend their CSR because this sector exist in all geographic areas. In present era education is a backbone of any society and quality of education play vital role. No doubt Indian education is lacking in many aspects but government is taking several steps to reframe the entire education ecosystem. Indian education currently reached at 3.4% expenditure of GDP on education sector which needs to reach at 6% as per the recommendation of Kothari commission. In a country of 1.37 billion population where 76% population is involved in education, the efforts of government alone could not do enough to make remarkable change, so there is immense need of collaboration of government and corporate to jointly work for the positive impact of education on society and CSR seems as important tool for improving education sector..
Keyword: Education sector, CSR , corporate funding , challenges.

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Ms. Geetanjali Dangi Thakur "Role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in education sector : A study on Perspectives of better education through CSR" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The fibre optic is the latest medium that has a high-performance signal transmission capability. Thousands of these optical fibres are arranged in optical cable bundles and are used to transmit light signals over long distances. Nowadays, fibre optic work is not limited in the field of communication but encompasses a wide range of applications, such as medical, networking, military. The data sent should be free from any losses to ensure that the information received is secure and of high quality. However, under circumstances, the fibre optic cable may be damaged due to human activity and calamity. This paper will discuss the fibre optic termination refers to the physical connection of the fibre or wire to the device. It is a necessary step for the installation of a fibre optic network. There are generally two ways in which fibre optic cables can be terminated using connectors or splicing techniques.
Keyword: ....

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Eng. Shiekha Abdulwahab Al-Musallam "Fibre Optic Termination: Connector and Splicing" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The noise-rise in the 2.4GHz ISM band over coastal waters is considered. The characterization of the noise is performed using spectrum scan measurements of the band. It was established that the most dominant source of the noise is the Wi-Fi deployment on the land. A model for the noise prediction that is based on population density is developed. The model is calibrated using a set of measurements. The performance of the model is evaluated using an independent set of measurements (i.e., a set that was not used for calibration). The difference between noise measurements and predictions is on average smaller than 3dB and with standard deviation on the order of 2.9dB..
Keyword: Noise floor modeling, radio communication in coastal waters.

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Rayan Enaya, Ivica Kostanic, Josko Zec "Coastal Areas Noise Floor Characterization in 2.4GHz ISM Band" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper proposes solar water pumping system that gives better full load efficiency by employing permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). PMSM has the ability to maintain full torque at low speeds. The system uses a Photovoltaic Generator, boost dc-dc converter, three phase VSI, three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and a pump. Boost converter which is controlled by using Fuzzy logic in order to obtain Maximum power point tracking. Direct torque control space vector modulation is designed to inverter for supplying the PMSM to control motors torque..
Keyword: Photovoltaic Array Generation, Boost dc-dc Converter ,Voltage Source Inverter, PMSM Permanent magnet synchronous motor , Induction motor..

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Prachiti Arun Indurkar, Mrs. S S Kulkarni, Dr. A.G.Thosar "Comparative Analysis of PMSM and IM for Solar Water Pumping System" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Executing projects according to its estimated cost and schedule is fundamental to guarantee the economic and financial viability of the businesses associated with them. In this context, the estimated duration of an activity is key for the development of the project schedule and budget. However, in various occasions, due to the factors affecting Labor Productivity (LP), the data used as input for the estimates is often collected in conditions different than the execution conditions, thus causing significant variations between the Basic Labor Productivity Rate (BLPR) and the Real Labor Productivity Rate (RLPR) of a project. The research contributes to engineering management body of knowledge by developing a model, through the simulation by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), capable of adjust the BLPR, considering.....
Keyword: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Influencing factors, Labor productivity, productivity in construction..

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Marcus Sarmento, Miguel Luiz Ribeiro Ferreira "Sizing an Artificial Neural Network for Modelling Piping Assembly Labor Productivity Under Different Conditions" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

There has been an increase in security concerns regarding fingerprint based authentication. This problem arises due to technological advancements in spoofing and hacking technologies. This has motivated the need for a more secure platform for identification. In this paper, we have used a deep Convolutional Neural Network as a pre-verification filter to filter out fake or spoof fingerprints. As deep learning allows the system to be more accurate at detecting and reducing false identification by training itself again and again with test samples, the proposed method improves the security and accuracy by multiple folds. The implementation of a novel secure fingerprint authentication platform that takes the optical image of a fingerprint as input. The given input is pre-verified using Google's pre-trained inception model for deep learning applications, and then passed through a minutia-based algorithm for user authentication. Then, the results are compared with existing models..
Keyword: Biometrics, deep learning, convolutional neural network, inception model, minutiae, fingerprint.

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Ashok Kumar Yadav, ECE, JNTU, Hyderabad, Prof. T. Srinivasulu "Fingerprint Authentication Using CNN for Minutiae based Method" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In today's digital era we all focus on getting everything in just a click, so day by day we see that there is increase in the Online transactions. Online transaction has become a need of the hour. But while doing so all the users are worried about the security of the same. Trust is the main issue while working with such type of online transaction. We can increase the trust of our customers by always giving them up to date, efficient and reliable service. Authentication is one of the crucial factor in security. Authentication can become strong if it has more layers of security. Adding more layers of security will make the authentication strong. This paper focuses on doing the Authentication not only at the beginning but it focuses on Continuous Authentication which can be implemented using Behavioral Biometrics. Behavioral Biometrics depends on how a person acts which cannot be copied in anyway. It focuses on Behavioral factors Keystroke Dynamics, mouse scroll with some additional factors like IP address, geo-location of the user which cannot be copied by the attackers. The related studies show that for secure authentication Biometrics.....
Keyword: Behavioral Biometrics, Password, Physical Biometrics, Online transaction, OTP.

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Mrs. Deepashree Mehendale, Mrs. Vidya Bankar, Mrs. Reshma Masurekar, Mrs. Harsha Patil, Mrs. Sujata Patil "Online Transaction using Behavioral Biometrics" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Asphalt is one of the most used materials for covering roads. Asphalt pavement can be degraded by the cyclical stress caused by passing vehicles. For this reason, several materials have been tested to improve the properties of asphalt mixtures, including lignin. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of asphalt binders modified with lignin, such as the Marshall stability, compressive strength, and resilience modu-lus. The most suitable binder content for the performed tests was 5.21 wt.% of asphalt mixture. The addition of lignin in the oil binder present in the asphalt did not cause significant changes in Marshall stability and creep nor in the tensile strength. However, in the resilience test, samples modified with lignin, especially with 6 wt.% content in the asphalt binder, showed a greater resistance to plastic deformation. Thus, one can infer that the addition of lignin in the asphalt binder did not deteriorate its mechanical properties.
Keyword: asphalt, binder, lignin, Marshall test, tensile test..

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Kênia Barros Batista, Wagner Augusto Fiel, Ricardo Adriano Dorledo de Faria, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha Lins "The mechanical performance of lignin-modified asphalt binders" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

An energy audit is a tool is used to determine the usage of energy and help in identifying the different methods of saving energy. Reduction in usage of energy or improvement in energy efficiency of building can conserve energy and some of the environmental problems like green house effect, depletion of ozone layer can be reduced. In this work, energy utilization pattern and its effectiveness at a premier institution is being studied. Energy utilization pattern helps in collecting information about the equipments and analyzing the flow of energy across the institution. This process includes measurement of efficiencies of both light and heavy loads. The data collected from these measurements is evaluated and analyzed. Based on the evaluation and analysis, recommendations are proposed to the existing system to improve its efficiency. The recommendations proposed are commercially viable solutions. Payback period is calculated for the proposed recommendations.
Keyword: energy audit, energy utilization pattern, energy efficiency, payback period.

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Ms Trupti Nandikolmath, Dr M R Shivakumar "Assessment and optimization of Electrical Energy Utilization" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The seismic evaluation process consists of investigating if the structure meets the defined target structural performance levels. The main goal during earthquakes is to assure that building collapse doesn't occur and the risk of death or injury to people is minimized and beyond that to satisfy post-earthquake performance level for defined range of seismic hazards. Also seismic evaluation will determine which are the most vulnerable and weak components and deficiencies of a building during an expected earthquake. Seismic Retrofitting is process done for resisting any type of seismic action that is caused under the structure and inside the earth so in order to......
Keyword: Seismic, Earthquake, retrofit, resistance ,design load.

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JNS Surya Narayana Raju, JVS Sai Charan, .K.Bhargavi "A Study on Seismic Retrofitting Of Buildings and Experimental Investigations by NDT Methods." Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In the present study, there is a cold room building in Kuwait that contains three cold rooms; two rooms are used to store union and one for watermelon. A cold room is used to store perishable goods such as meat and vegetables to slow down their deterioration and preserve them as fresh as possible for as long as possible. The studied heating loads that have to be considered in cold room are transmission, product, occupants, lighting, air change, and equipment or motor loads. Simple refrigeration cycle is designed with certain pressures, refrigerant capacity, and compressor power. The selected used refrigerants are ammonia R717, R22, and R134a. Coefficient of performance (COP) and the proper refrigerant capacity are calculated for each type. Finally, it is concluded that the proper refrigerant is R22 with total cooling capacity 152 Kw and 35 KW compressor power.
Keyword: Heating loads, simple refrigeration cycle, R22 refrigerant, Ammonia R717, R134a refrigerant, refrigerant capacity, coefficient of performance, and compressor power.

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Eng. Mohammad Hamad Buhamadi , Eng. Abdullah Faisal Aldaijani "Effect of Refrigerant Types in Cooling Loads Calculations and Refrigeration Cycle Performance Used in a Cold Room Building Located in Kuwait" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Learning is a way to develop the skills and knowledge. It is a fundamental property of our brain to acquire the new knowledge and to develop new skill also. The type of learning we have included in our paper are Machine Learning, supervised Learning, and classification of supervised learning. It includes many things about machine learning like their advantages, disadvantages and applications of machine learning (like virtual personal assistance, online media services, E-mail spam). Types of ML included supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. There are many SL algorithms which are useful for determining the accuracy of the program but in some case there may be an issues that may occur with supervised learning as we will discuss below in the paper. Algorithm may be used for the....
Keyword: ....

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Dakshesh Vashisth, Monika Garg, Rupesh Mor, Rohit Chilkoti "Supervised Learning Classification" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

The long-term objective of the research on spatial design of settlements is for the development of ecotourism in Tenganan Pegringsingan as a tourism village. This study is expected to solve problems related to the locals' needs. To be exact, problems that concern preserving the residential architecture. This study uses a qualitative method, with an emphasis on observation. It is related to unique contextual factors, which cause each context to be handled from its context. This study deals with value systems, concepts, perceptions, diversity, uniqueness, local wisdom, and people's beliefs about something outside of themselves. The research unit/observation area for this research covers the entire residential setting. The residential-scale research unit in Tenganan Pegringsingan is expected to....
Keyword: gringsing, linear, megalithic.

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I Wayan Runa, Anak Agung Gede Raka, I Nyoman Warnata "Residential Spatial Design for the Development of Ecotourism in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem, Bali" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This paper presents a design for a low-cost smart meter. It is designed not only to measure the consumers' energy consumptions but also to monitor, operate and control the loads. The introduced smart meter is linked with a desktop personal computer using Arduino-Uno kit and simulation software called LabVIEW. The meter displays voltages, currents, power consumptions and energies in and out with its related cost. In the proposed meter, the home loads are connected in groups and each group is connected to the meter via channel based on their essentiality and criticality. Depending on the status of the distribution grid, the operator can control the domestic application by switching on or off each group or channel via meter. The proposed meter also can automatically switch off power to non-essential....
Keyword: Smart Meter (SM), Arduino UNO microcontroller, LabVIEW, Virtual Instrument (VI), Demand Side Management (DSM).

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Abdrabou Ashour "Design Multi-Channels Energy Meter for Demand Side management" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

This article is aimed to research and know the effects of Rice husk Ash (RHA) on the mechanical properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC). It also presents precise overview of work carried out on Rice Husk Ash (RHA) by various scientists and researchers both in cement concrete and ultra-high performance concrete.
Keyword: Rice husk Ash (RHA); Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC); compressive strength; flexural strength;.

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Michael Haambozi, Qiannan Wang "Effects of Rice Husk Ash on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Now a day's cement using is common in every construction. Due to its abundant availability of its materials and resources available in its surrounding areas. This paper explains the usage of polypropylene fibers and waste glass powder (WGP) in replacing cement with polypropylene fibers and glass powder. Large quantity of glass powder is wasting in industries and metro cities. The wastage of glass powder is replacing in cement is useful utilization of fibers show extensive improvement in tractable properties of cement and furthermore diminish shrinkage and breaks. As glass powder with molecule size under 75μn pozzolanic properties, past examination uncovers that glass powder can be successfully use as a halfway replacement of concrete. The experimental research held with partial substitution.....
Keyword: Polypropylene fiber, Waste Glass powder, Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, and Flexural Strength..

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Mr. P. Sudhir Kumar Reddy, Dr E. ARUNA KRANTHI "Experimental Analysis of Concrete Replacin Cement with Polypropylene Fibers and Glass Powder" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

Smart Home is an integrated home environment where devices and appliances can be distantly operated from every Internet-connected location globally via a smartphone or any other connected system. The smart home system needs a programme interface or a web server to communicate with an integrated machine. Smart home technology helps improve health and wellness by serving individuals with special needs particularly the elderly. It enables users to access and track their connected home appliances from smart home applications, smartphones, or other networking systems. This makes for more efficient power usage and energy, and also assuring that your premises are safe. They are developed by various organisations with different requirements and technology. These devices are designed by different companies with different standards and technologies. Growth in the smart home industry is driven predominantly by aspects such as progressively growing internet usage, expanded usage of mobile technology, perception of active and balanced lifestyles, and a increasing sense of home security and safety.....
Keyword: Communication; Smart homes; IoT; Network

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Timanshi Bhardwaj, Aastha Jain, Vaibhav Tembhekar, Monika Garg "Smart Homes Technologies, Connectivity Standards and Challenges" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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This article presents three methods of structural optimization for a rectangular sample under tensile load to minimize von Mises stress as an objective function. In the first method, namely the position-finding method, the initial volume is reduced by cut-extrusion of some circular holes with a uniform volume gradient along the length of the sample. In this method, the position of each hole is manipulated by using a genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve the minimum von Mises stress versus a specific tensile load. In the second method, namely geometry optimization method, several circular holes with different diameters are cut-extruded with monotonically decreasing volume gradient...
Keyword: Structural Optimization; Topology Optimization; Additive Manufacturing (AM); Support Structures;.

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Vahid Hassani, Hamid Ahmad Mehrabi, Zunaidi Ibrahim, Iñigo Flores Ituarte "A Comparison between Parametric Structural Optimization Methods and Software-Based Topology Optimization of A Rectangular Sample Under Tensile Load for Additive Manufacturing Processes" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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SARELI is a software tool that can generate guide trees for multiple sequence alignments of protein sequences. These guide trees are generated using a metric named Radial Distance. The guide trees produced by SARELI were fed into MUSCLE to proceed with the rest of the alignment procedure. The resulting alignments were compared against the results from MUSCLE (with its original guide trees), Clustal Omega, three variants of MAFFT, and T-Coffee on the BAliBASE 3, PREFAB 4.0, and SABRE protein sequence databases. The sum of pairs score, and the column score were used for scoring the results against the reference alignments of the three protein benchmark databases. SARELI can be used as a specialized tool for generating guide trees that in conjunction with MUSCLE can obtain significantly better multiple sequence alignment scores than the other MSA methods tested when the set to be aligned contains more than 35 protein sequences, and its average sequence length and p-distance are less than 239 and 0.81, respectively. As future work we would like to improve the performance of the SARELI algorithm..
Keyword: SARELI, multiple sequence alignment, guide trees, MUSCLE, protein benchmark databases.

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Arturo Chavoya, Ricardo Ortega "Characterization of Protein Sequences Aligned with MUSCLE using Guide Trees from SARELI" Vol. 11 - No. 2 (February 2021), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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